Dynamic feedback control device and method for surrounding rock stress sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses a surrounding rock stress sensor dynamic feedback control device and method. The surrounding rock stress sensor dynamic feedback control device comprises a sensing module, an environment monitoring module and a control host. Wherein the sensing module is composed of a plurality of stress sensors arranged in a distributed mode, the stress sensors are correspondingly arranged on stress monitoring points of surrounding rock and used for collecting stress data of the surrounding rock in real time, the environment monitoring module comprises a plurality of environment sensors, and the environment sensors are correspondingly arranged on the stress monitoring points and used for collecting stress data of the surrounding rock in real time. The system is used for synchronously collecting temperature and humidity data of monitoring points. According to the method, the problem of monitoring errors caused by environmental interference such as temperature and humidity is considered, a sensing-decision-execution integrated automatic closed-loop control link is constructed, and a quick response mechanism from stress anomaly identification to regulation action triggering is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surrounding rock support control technology, specifically to a dynamic feedback control device and method for surrounding rock stress sensors. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction and operation of underground engineering projects such as tunnels and mine roadways, real-time and accurate monitoring and analysis of the stress state of the surrounding rock are the core foundation for assessing the stability of the surrounding rock, providing early warning of potential instability risks, and realizing dynamic and information-based construction. The authenticity and reliability of the stress data, along with the timeliness and precision of the control measures, directly determine the effectiveness of the support system and the safety of the project.

[0003] However, the currently widely used surrounding rock stress monitoring and auxiliary control technologies still have significant shortcomings in terms of systematicness, reliability, and intelligence, mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1) In the existing technology system, the stress monitoring system and active control devices (such as tensioning equipment for adjustable anchor bolts and grouting reinforcement systems) are usually independent subsystems. There is a lack of efficient, closed-loop information interaction and collaborative control mechanisms based on real-time data. When the monitoring system detects stress anomalies, it often requires manual interpretation and decision-making before restarting the control equipment, a process that is time-consuming and has a serious response lag. 2) The temperature and humidity of underground engineering environments change drastically. Sensing units and their signal cables are affected by this, resulting in significant thermal expansion and contraction and moisture expansion effects. This deformation is indiscriminately collected by the sensors and mixed into the real stress and strain signals, forming an inescapable systematic error. According to field measurements, without an effective compensation mechanism, the long-term monitoring data error caused by such environmental interference can exceed 10%, severely distorting the judgment of the true stress state of the surrounding rock, potentially masking real hazards or triggering false alarms. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a highly integrated, intelligent, and collaborative dynamic feedback control device and method for surrounding rock stress sensors, aiming to solve at least one of the problems existing in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A dynamic feedback control device for a surrounding rock stress sensor, characterized in that it comprises: The sensing module consists of multiple stress sensors arranged in a distributed manner. Each stress sensor is deployed at a stress monitoring point in the surrounding rock to collect the original stress data of the surrounding rock in real time. The environmental monitoring module includes multiple environmental sensors, each of which is arranged at each stress monitoring point to synchronously collect temperature and humidity data at the monitoring points. The control host is connected to the sensing module and the environmental monitoring module; Anchor bolts and grouting pipes are installed around each stress monitoring point on the surrounding rock. The tail end of the anchor bolt is connected to a tension actuator, and the tail end of the grouting pipe is connected to a micro grouting actuator. The control host compensates for the original stress data based on synchronously collected environmental parameters and a preset model to obtain net surrounding rock stress data for decision-making. The data is then compared with a preset stress threshold, and the tension actuator or micro grouting actuator is driven to operate, thereby realizing dynamic closed-loop control of the surrounding rock stress.

[0006] Specifically, the stress sensor is installed in a corresponding mounting hole on the surrounding rock, and a buffer protective sleeve is provided between the stress sensor and the mounting hole.

[0007] Specifically, the detection direction of the environmental sensor is the same as that of the stress sensor. The environmental sensor is installed on the outer wall of the buffer protective sleeve, and its signal line is laid along a preset groove on the outer wall of the buffer protective sleeve.

[0008] Specifically, the stress sensor and the matching environmental sensor at each monitoring point constitute a sensing sub-unit, and the adjustable pre-tightening anchor rods and pre-embedded grouting pipes alternately deployed around the monitoring point constitute an execution sub-unit. The sensors and actuators of each sub-unit are connected to the local signal collection relay module of the area through cables, and finally form a closed loop of data exchange and control commands with the remote control host.

[0009] Specifically, the control host also integrates a backup power supply.

[0010] The present invention also provides a dynamic feedback control method for a surrounding rock stress sensor, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Deploy stress sensors and environmental sensors at various stress monitoring points in the surrounding rock. At the same time, install anchor bolts and grouting pipes around each stress monitoring point on the surrounding rock. The tail end of the anchor bolt is connected to a tensioning actuator, and the tail end of the grouting pipe is connected to a micro grouting actuator. Connect the stress sensor, environmental sensor, tensioning actuator, micro grouting actuator, and control host. Step 2: Use stress sensors to collect raw stress data of the surrounding rock, and use environmental sensors to collect temperature and humidity data of the monitoring area simultaneously, and transmit the raw stress data and environmental data to the control host. Step 3: The data processing unit of the control host calls the preset compensation model to correct the original stress data, obtains the corrected net surrounding rock stress data, and compares it with the preset stress threshold. Then, it controls the tensioning actuator or micro grouting actuator to realize the graded control strategy and dynamically control the surrounding rock stress in a closed loop.

[0011] Specifically, the process of obtaining the compensation model is as follows: In a controlled laboratory environment, the stress sensor and the environmental sensor are placed in a pressure loading device with controllable temperature and humidity. The original output values ​​of the stress sensor are collected synchronously under different temperature and humidity combinations and corresponding to different known standard stresses. Through training with a large dataset, an error surface function is established with temperature and humidity as independent variables and output error as dependent variable, which is the compensation model.

[0012] Specifically, the regulatory strategy includes the following: Scenario 1: When the net surrounding rock stress data at a certain monitoring point continuously exceeds the preset upper limit of the surrounding rock stability stress threshold, and the duration of this state reaches the set value, the control host determines that the surrounding rock is under excessive pressure and there is a risk of plastic deformation. It generates a command to drive the tensioning actuator at the corresponding position to increase the preload along the anchor bolt axis and apply active tension to the surrounding rock to balance the excessive surrounding rock pressure and return its stress state to a safe range. Scenario 2: When the net surrounding rock stress data at a certain monitoring point is continuously lower than the lower limit of the surrounding rock stability stress threshold, and the duration of this state reaches the set value, the control host determines that the surrounding rock stress is relaxed, and there is a void or large cavity between the surrounding rock and the support structure. It generates an instruction to drive the corresponding micro grouting actuator to perform medium-pressure, quantitative grouting to fill the void area or large crack in the rock mass, restore the close contact between the surrounding rock and the support structure, and rebuild the stress transmission path.

[0013] Scenario 3: When the real-time fluctuation of the net surrounding rock stress data at a certain monitoring point exceeds the preset dynamic fluctuation threshold, the control host determines that the internal cracks of the surrounding rock are actively expanding and the local stress field is drastically redistributed. It generates a command to drive the micro grouting actuator to perform low-pressure, slow grouting. The grout penetrates into the micro cracks, cements the rock mass, inhibits further crack expansion, and enhances the integrity of the surrounding rock.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Solve the problem of low reliability of sensor data: Overcome the shortcomings of traditional stress sensors that are easily damaged due to direct exposure to deformation and compression of surrounding rock, as well as the excessive monitoring errors caused by environmental interference such as temperature and humidity, and provide a sensing method that can truly, stably and long-term reflect the stress state of surrounding rock.

[0015] 2. Solve the problem of lagging monitoring and control response: Break the state of independent monitoring systems and control devices (such as anchor bolt adjusters and grouting equipment) that rely on manual decision-making, and build an integrated automatic closed-loop control link of perception-decision-execution to realize a rapid response mechanism from stress anomaly identification to control action triggering.

[0016] 3. Solve the problem of crude and imprecise control methods: Change the existing one-size-fits-all control method and provide a refined execution capability that can automatically match differentiated control parameters (such as grouting pressure, speed, and dosage) according to different modes of stress anomalies (such as microcrack propagation and macroscopic voiding).

[0017] 4. Solve the problems of poor overall system coordination and weak engineering applicability: Design a complete system solution from sensors inside deep boreholes to remote control host and miniaturized actuators to ensure reliable deployment, stable operation and easy maintenance in complex and harsh underground engineering environments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the arrangement of the dynamic feedback control device for the surrounding rock stress sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic front view of the dynamic feedback control device for the surrounding rock stress sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single intelligent unit involved in an embodiment of the present invention; The components include: 1. Stress sensor; 2. Environmental sensor; 3. Control host; 4. Anchor bolt; 5. Grouting pipe; 6. Tensioning actuator; 7. Grouting actuator; 8. Mounting hole; 9. Protective sleeve; 10. Signal collection and relay module. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See Figures 1-3A dynamic feedback control device for surrounding rock stress sensors includes a sensing module, an environmental monitoring module, and a control host 3. The sensing module consists of multiple stress sensors 1 arranged in a distributed manner, with each stress sensor 1 corresponding to a stress monitoring point in the surrounding rock to collect stress data of the surrounding rock in real time. The environmental monitoring module includes multiple environmental sensors 2, with each environmental sensor 2 corresponding to a stress monitoring point to collect temperature and humidity data of the monitoring point, i.e., environmental data. The control host 3 is connected to the sensing module and the environmental monitoring module via wired or wireless means. Adjustable pre-tightening anchor rods 4 and pre-embedded grouting pipes 5 are provided around each stress monitoring point on the surrounding rock. Regarding the arrangement of anchor bolts 4 and grouting pipes 5, those skilled in the art can make appropriate adjustments according to specific needs. For example, in this application, there are two anchor bolts 4 and two grouting pipes 5, evenly distributed around the stress sensor 1. A tensioning actuator 6 is connected to the tail end (exposed end) of each anchor bolt 4. The anchor bolt 4 can be tensioned by the tensioning actuator 6 (tensioning mechanism), thereby adjusting the prestress. Similarly, a micro grouting actuator 7 is connected to the tail end of the grouting pipe 5. Grouting can be injected into the grouting pipe 5 by the micro grouting actuator 7 to reinforce the surrounding rock. The control host 3 has a built-in data processing unit for fusing the stress data of the stress sensor 1 with the environmental data of the environmental compensation sensor. The control host 3 compensates for the original stress data according to the synchronously collected environmental parameters and uses a preset model to obtain the net surrounding rock stress data for decision-making. It is compared with the preset stress threshold to determine the corresponding control strategy and generate instructions to drive the tensioning actuator 6 or the micro grouting actuator 7 to achieve dynamic closed-loop control of the surrounding rock stress.

[0022] The dynamic feedback control method using the surrounding rock stress sensor of the above-mentioned device specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Install stress sensors 1 and environmental sensors 2 at various stress monitoring points in the surrounding rock. At the same time, install anchor bolts 4 and grouting pipes 5 around each stress monitoring point in the surrounding rock. The tail end of the anchor bolt 4 is connected to a tensioning actuator 6, and the tail end of the grouting pipe 5 is connected to a micro grouting actuator 7. Connect the stress sensor 1, environmental sensor 2, tensioning actuator 6, micro grouting actuator 7 to the control host 3. Step 2: Use stress sensor 1 to collect raw stress data of the surrounding rock, and environmental sensor 2 to simultaneously collect temperature and humidity of the monitoring area, and transmit the raw stress data and environmental data to the control host 3. Step 3: The data processing unit of the control host 3 calls the preset compensation model to correct the original stress data, obtains the corrected net surrounding rock stress data, compares it with the preset stress threshold, and then controls the tensioning actuator 6 or the micro grouting actuator 7 to realize the graded control strategy and dynamically control the surrounding rock stress in a closed loop.

[0023] This invention effectively solves the problem of stress measurement error caused by environmental factors by deploying environmental sensors 2 to monitor temperature and humidity in real time and introducing supplementary models to correct the original stress data. It breaks the state of independent monitoring system and control device that relies on manual decision-making, and builds an automatic closed-loop control link integrating perception-decision-execution to realize a rapid response mechanism from stress anomaly identification to control action triggering.

[0024] Specifically, the compensation model adopts an environmental parameter-stress error mapping relationship model calibrated through experiments. This model characterizes the systematic error between the monitoring output value of stress sensor 1 and the actual stress value under different combinations of temperature T and humidity H. During the monitoring process, the original stress data output by stress sensor 1 and the real-time environmental parameters (T, H) synchronously collected by the environmental compensation sensor are acquired simultaneously. The real-time environmental parameters (T, H) are input into the mapping relationship model to calculate the corresponding real-time environmental error compensation value. The original stress data is subtracted from the real-time environmental error compensation value to obtain the net surrounding rock stress data after environmental compensation. Based on the net surrounding rock stress data, surrounding rock stability analysis and control decisions are made.

[0025] Specifically, the compensation model is established based on multivariate nonlinear regression theory and field calibration data. In a controlled laboratory environment, stress sensor 1 and environmental sensor 2 are placed in a pressure loading device with controllable temperature and humidity. The original output values ​​of stress sensor 1 are collected synchronously under different temperature and humidity combinations and corresponding to different known standard stresses. Through training with a large dataset, an error surface function with temperature and humidity as independent variables and output error as dependent variable is established, which is the compensation model.

[0026] In this embodiment, stress sensor 1 collects raw stress data, and environmental sensor 2 simultaneously collects the temperature T and humidity H of the monitoring area. The raw stress data and environmental data are transmitted to the control host 3. The control host 3 calls the preset compensation model, displays and stores the corrected stress data as the basis for subsequent regulation, forming a closed-loop structure of perception-transmission-processing-execution. This breaks through the limitations of traditional distributed layout, improves the synergy of each component, and shortens the stress anomaly response time.

[0027] See Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments, an installation hole 8 is provided at the monitoring point corresponding to the surrounding rock. The inner wall of the installation hole 8 is fixed with the outer wall of the buffer protective sleeve 9 by interference fit. The stress sensing sensor inserted inside the buffer protective sleeve 9 is coaxially arranged with the protective sleeve 9. The probe at the front end of the stress sensing sensor is attached to the surrounding rock at the bottom of the installation hole 8. An environmental compensation sensor is welded to the outer wall of the middle part of the buffer protective sleeve 9. Its sensing head faces the inside of the installation hole 8. That is, the detection direction of the environmental sensor 2 is consistent with the detection direction of the stress sensor 1, ensuring that the environmental compensation data and the stress monitoring data correspond to the same area and improving the compensation accuracy.

[0028] In this embodiment, the buffer protective sleeve 9 is coaxially designed with the sensing probe. In conjunction with the environmental sensor 2, the monitoring error is reduced and the accuracy is significantly improved. The symmetrically arranged execution components are adapted to the bidirectional control requirements of surrounding rock stress, and have strong adaptability.

[0029] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the stress sensor 1 and the matching environmental sensor 2 at each monitoring point constitute a sensing subunit, responsible for collecting the original mechanical and environmental state data of that point. Adjustable pre-tensioned anchor bolts 4 and pre-embedded grouting pipes 5, alternately arranged around the monitoring points along the mounting holes 8, constitute an execution subunit. The tail end of the anchor bolt 4 is equipped with an integrated tensioning mechanism, and the tail end of the grouting pipe 5 is connected to a miniature quantitative / pressure controllable grouting valve. Together, they constitute the main dynamic intervention and chemical reinforcement capability for the local surrounding rock. The sensors and actuators of each subunit are all connected to the local signal collection relay module 10 of the area via cables, ultimately forming a closed-loop loop of data exchange and control commands with the remote control host 3 via wireless means. This design allows the entire support system to consist of numerous intelligent units that can be flexibly arranged in space, operate independently in function, and are uniformly coordinated in control.

[0030] Specifically, the compensation model is established based on multivariate nonlinear regression theory and field calibration data. In a controlled laboratory environment, the stress sensing probe and environmental compensation sensor are placed in a temperature and humidity-controlled pressure loading device. The original output values ​​of the sensing probe are simultaneously collected under different combinations of temperature (T) and humidity (H) corresponding to different known standard stresses. Through training with a large dataset, an error surface function, i.e., the compensation model, is established with temperature and humidity as independent variables and output error as the dependent variable.

[0031] Specifically, the gap between the inner wall of the buffer protective sleeve 9 and the outer wall of the stress sensing probe is ≤1mm, and their axes are completely coincident. The environmental sensor 2 is fixed to the outer wall of the buffer protective sleeve at 1 / 2 of the front end, and the line extends to the local signal collection relay module 10 with the outer wall of the protective sleeve 9 close to it.

[0032] Specifically, the control host 3 integrates a backup power supply. The status indicator module on the top of the control host 3 is arranged next to the display key. The display key is used to start and stop the operation device and adjust the parameters. The indicator lights use different colors to provide real-time feedback on the "normal, warning, and fault" status. The backup power supply provides independent power to the host to avoid data loss due to main power interruption.

[0033] The miniature grouting actuator 7 is fixed to the surface of the surrounding rock by pre-embedded bolts and connected to the grouting pipe 5 pre-embedded in the surrounding rock. One end of the grouting pipe 5 is inserted into the grouting hole of the surrounding rock, and the other end is connected to the interface of the miniature grouting actuator 7. When the control host 3 issues a grouting command, the miniature grouting actuator 7 is opened, and the grout is injected into the crack area of ​​the surrounding rock through the grouting pipe 5 to achieve support and reinforcement, and ensure the stability of the valve body during grouting.

[0034] In some embodiments, the intelligent decision-making algorithm built into the control host 3 executes the following graded and categorized control strategies based on the net surrounding rock stress data after environmental compensation: 1. Anchor bolt 4 preload control mode: Triggering condition: When the net surrounding rock stress data continuously exceeds the preset upper limit of the surrounding rock stability stress threshold, and the duration of this state reaches the set value (e.g., t > 5 seconds).

[0035] Control decision: The control host 3 determined that the surrounding rock was under excessive pressure and there was a risk of plastic deformation.

[0036] Action execution: Generate instructions to drive tensioning actuator 6, which increases the preload along the axial direction of anchor bolt 4, and applies active tension to the surrounding rock to balance the excessive surrounding rock pressure and return its stress state to a safe range.

[0037] 2. Micro-grouting control mode: Mode A: Crack propagation suppression mode Triggering condition: The real-time fluctuation amplitude of the net surrounding rock stress data exceeds the preset dynamic fluctuation threshold.

[0038] Control decision: The control host 3 determined that the internal fractures of the surrounding rock are actively expanding and the local stress field is being drastically redistributed.

[0039] Action execution: The generated command drives the micro grouting actuator 7 to perform low-pressure, slow-speed grouting. The grout penetrates into the micro-cracks, cements the rock mass, inhibits further crack expansion, and enhances the integrity of the surrounding rock.

[0040] Mode B: Fill-out mode Triggering condition: The net surrounding rock stress data in a specific local area is continuously lower than the lower limit of the surrounding rock stability stress threshold, and the duration of this state reaches the set value, showing stress relaxation characteristics.

[0041] Control decision: The control host 3 determined that there may be a gap or a large cavity between the surrounding rock and the support structure.

[0042] Action execution: Generate instructions to drive the micro grouting actuator 7 to perform medium-pressure, quantitative grouting, fill the voids or large cracks in the rock mass, restore the close contact between the surrounding rock and the support structure, and rebuild the stress transmission path.

[0043] This embodiment changes the existing one-size-fits-all control method and provides a refined execution capability that can automatically match differentiated control parameters (such as grouting pressure, speed, and dosage) according to different modes of stress anomalies (such as microcrack propagation and macroscopic voiding).

[0044] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic feedback control device for a surrounding rock stress sensor, characterized in that, include: The sensing module consists of multiple stress sensors arranged in a distributed manner. Each stress sensor is deployed at a stress monitoring point in the surrounding rock to collect the original stress data of the surrounding rock in real time. The environmental monitoring module includes multiple environmental sensors, each of which is arranged at each stress monitoring point to synchronously collect temperature and humidity data at the monitoring points. The control host is connected to the sensing module and the environmental monitoring module; Adjustable pre-tensioned anchor bolts and pre-embedded grouting pipes are installed around each stress monitoring point on the surrounding rock. The tail end of the anchor bolt is connected to a tensioning actuator, and the tail end of the grouting pipe is connected to a micro grouting actuator. The control host compensates the original stress data according to the synchronously collected environmental parameters and uses a preset compensation model to obtain the net surrounding rock stress data for decision-making. The data is then compared with a preset stress threshold, and the tensioning actuator or the micro grouting actuator is driven to operate, thereby realizing dynamic closed-loop control of the surrounding rock stress.

2. The dynamic feedback control device for surrounding rock stress sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stress sensor is installed in the corresponding mounting hole on the surrounding rock, and a buffer protective sleeve is provided between the stress sensor and the mounting hole.

3. The dynamic feedback control device for surrounding rock stress sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The environmental sensor and the stress sensor have the same detection direction. The environmental sensor is installed on the outer wall of the buffer protective sleeve, and its signal line is laid along the preset groove on the outer wall of the buffer protective sleeve.

4. The dynamic feedback control device for surrounding rock stress sensor according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The stress sensor and the matching environmental sensor at each monitoring point constitute a sensing sub-unit. The adjustable pre-tightening anchor bolts and pre-embedded grouting pipes alternately deployed around the monitoring point constitute an execution sub-unit. The sensors and actuators of each sub-unit are connected to the local signal collection relay module of the area through cables, and finally form a closed loop of data exchange and control commands with the remote control host.

5. A dynamic feedback control method for a surrounding rock stress sensor, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Deploy stress sensors and environmental sensors at various stress monitoring points in the surrounding rock. At the same time, install anchor bolts and grouting pipes around each stress monitoring point on the surrounding rock. The tail end of the anchor bolt is connected to a tensioning actuator, and the tail end of the grouting pipe is connected to a micro grouting actuator. Connect the stress sensor, environmental sensor, tensioning actuator, micro grouting actuator, and control host. Step 2: Use stress sensors to collect raw stress data of the surrounding rock, and use environmental sensors to collect temperature and humidity data of the monitoring area simultaneously, and transmit the raw stress data and environmental data to the control host. Step 3: The host computer calls the preset compensation model to correct the original stress data, obtains the corrected net surrounding rock stress data, and compares it with the preset stress threshold. Then, it controls the tensioning actuator or micro grouting actuator to realize the graded control strategy and dynamically control the surrounding rock stress in a closed loop.

6. The dynamic feedback control method for surrounding rock stress sensors according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the compensation model is as follows: In a controlled laboratory environment, the stress sensor and the environmental sensor are placed in a pressure loading device with controllable temperature and humidity. The original output values ​​of the stress sensor are collected synchronously under different temperature and humidity combinations and corresponding to different known standard stresses. Through training with a large dataset, an error surface function with temperature and humidity as independent variables and output error as dependent variable is established, which is the compensation model.

7. The dynamic feedback control method for surrounding rock stress sensors according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The specific regulatory strategies include the following: Scenario 1: When the net surrounding rock stress data at a certain monitoring point continuously exceeds the preset upper limit of the surrounding rock stability stress threshold, and the duration of this state reaches the set value, the control host determines that the surrounding rock is under excessive pressure and there is a risk of plastic deformation. It generates a command to drive the tensioning actuator at the corresponding position to increase the preload along the anchor bolt axis and apply active tension to the surrounding rock to balance the excessive surrounding rock pressure and return its stress state to a safe range. Scenario 2: When the net surrounding rock stress data at a certain monitoring point is continuously lower than the lower limit of the surrounding rock stability stress threshold, and the duration of this state reaches the set value, the control host determines that the surrounding rock stress is relaxed, and there is a void or large cavity between the surrounding rock and the support structure. It generates an instruction to drive the corresponding micro grouting actuator to perform medium-pressure, quantitative grouting to fill the void area or large crack in the rock mass, restore the close contact between the surrounding rock and the support structure, and rebuild the stress transmission path. Scenario 3: When the real-time fluctuation of the net surrounding rock stress data at a certain monitoring point exceeds the preset dynamic fluctuation threshold, the control host determines that the internal cracks of the surrounding rock are actively expanding and the local stress field is drastically redistributed. It generates a command to drive the micro grouting actuator to perform low-pressure, slow grouting. The grout penetrates into the micro cracks, cements the rock mass, inhibits further crack expansion, and enhances the integrity of the surrounding rock.

8. The dynamic feedback control method for a surrounding rock stress sensor according to claim 7, wherein the stress sensor is installed in a corresponding mounting hole on the surrounding rock, and a buffer protective sleeve is provided between the stress sensor and the mounting hole.

9. The dynamic feedback control device for surrounding rock stress sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The environmental sensor and the stress sensor have the same detection direction. The environmental sensor is installed on the outer wall of the buffer protective sleeve, and its signal line is laid along the preset groove on the outer wall of the buffer protective sleeve.

10. The dynamic feedback control device for surrounding rock stress sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The stress sensor and the matching environmental sensor at each monitoring point constitute a sensing sub-unit. The adjustable pre-tightening anchor rods and pre-embedded grouting pipes deployed around the monitoring point constitute an execution sub-unit. The sensors and actuators of each sub-unit are connected to the local signal collection relay module of the area through cables, and finally form a closed loop of data exchange and control commands with the remote control host.

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