Lighting module for smart card

Abstract

The invention relates to a lighting module for illuminating a portion of a smart card. A lighting module includes a substrate layer, one or more light emitting elements, such as one or more LEDs, disposed on the substrate layer and configured to emit light parallel to the substrate layer, and a light guide body applied to the substrate layer. A light guide body including a light guide material and a pattern layer applied to the light guide material, and configured to refract light parallel to the substrate layer and deflect the light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer to obtain emitted light; the pattern layer includes a series of protrusions distributed to make the brightness of the emitted light uniform.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an illumination module for a smart card, a pre-lamination structure for a smart card, and a smart card including the pre-lamination structure. Background Technology

[0002] It is known in the prior art to provide smart cards with light sources to indicate the operating conditions of the smart card or to illuminate a portion of the smart card.

[0003] Document CN206115469 describes, for example, a dual-interface smart card equipped with an LED, which is placed in the core layer of the card. When a transaction is executed, the dual-interface smart card is brought close to the card reader. Therefore, the card reader also supplies power to the LED, causing it to flash, indicating that a transaction is in progress. When the transaction is completed and the dual-interface smart card with the LED is removed from the card reader, power is no longer supplied to the LED, and the flashing effect of the LED disappears.

[0004] On the other hand, document EP1919714 discloses a card equipped with an illumination component for illuminating graphic elements formed on a card layer. The card body has recesses corresponding to the card layer, and these recesses are filled with a light-collecting film comprising a transparent plastic material embedded with a fluorescent dye. An LED source can be added to the card body to energize the fluorescent dye.

[0005] In configurations known in the prior art, light emitted by a light source (such as diodes and / or fluorescent dyes) passes through the plastic material of the card layer and is therefore scattered in all directions before reaching the user's eyes. As a result, the emitted light is not uniform in brightness, and the graphic elements may appear blurry.

[0006] The lighting module according to the present invention aims to overcome one or more disadvantages of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] According to one aspect of the invention, an illumination module for illuminating a portion of a smart card is provided, the illumination module comprising: a substrate layer; one or more light-emitting elements positioned on the substrate layer and configured to emit light parallel to the substrate layer; a light-guiding body applied to the substrate layer and comprising a light-guiding material and a patterned layer applied to the light-guiding material, and configured to refract light parallel to the substrate layer and deflect the light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer to obtain emitted light, wherein the patterned layer comprises a series of protrusions distributed to make the brightness of the emitted light uniform.

[0008] The advantage of this configuration is that the illumination module enables the light from the light-emitting element to be re-emitted along a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer, and enables a uniform brightness distribution to be obtained in the area of ​​the light-conducting material.

[0009] In this disclosure, it should be understood that the lighting module indicates a modular unit configured to illuminate a portion of the smart card and comprising one or more light-emitting elements and a light-conducting material body.

[0010] In this disclosure, it should be understood that a light-conducting material refers to any transparent optical material designed to transmit and distribute light from a first material having a first refractive index and a second material having a second refractive index. The light-conducting material transmits light from one location to another by utilizing the principle of total internal reflection at the boundary between the two materials.

[0011] According to the present invention, the optical guide material may be made of PC, PVC, PMMA, PET, glass, acrylic glass, polyurethane or mixtures thereof, LDPE, polysulfone or transparent epoxy resin.

[0012] Preferably, the photoconductive material does not contain fluorescent molecules or any other doped particles. The fact that the photoconductive material of the present invention does not contain fluorescent molecules is advantageous because the light emitted by the light-emitting element is completely transmitted through the photoconductive material and other layers without any other energy conversion processing. Furthermore, in this way, the illumination module immediately stops illuminating other card layers after the light-emitting element is turned off, without any dwell time for fluorescent molecules to appear.

[0013] The refractive index of the photoconductor material is higher than that of the surrounding layers (such as other layers of a smart card). In this way, once light has entered the photoconductor material, it is reflected between the upper and lower surfaces due to total internal reflection and continues its journey until it strikes a coupling structure (such as protrusions formed on the photoconductor material). In fact, the protrusions of the patterned layers have a different refractive index compared to the other materials surrounding the photoconductor material. Therefore, they modify the interface between the photoconductor material and other card layers so that, in the area occupied by the protrusions, the rays emitting light (depending on their angle of incidence) are not totally internally reflected within the photoconductor material, but are instead partially extracted and emitted outside the photoconductor material. In this sense, the protrusions enable the extraction of light emitted by the light-emitting element.

[0014] In a preferred configuration, the height of the LED's light-emitting region is designed to correspond to the layer thickness of the photoconductor material. In another preferred configuration, the height of the LED's light-emitting region is shorter than the thickness of the photoconductor material to ensure that most of the light emitted from the LED surface is transmitted into the photoconductor material. Preferably, the photoconductor material may have a thickness between 200 micrometers and 400 micrometers.

[0015] According to the present invention, the patterned layer is designed to include a series of protrusions distributed to achieve uniform brightness of the emitted light. The design and structure of the protrusions in the patterned layer are adapted to the location of the light-emitting element. For example, the linear density or surface density of the protrusions on the patterned layer is adapted to the location of the light-emitting element. For example, the dimensions (e.g., width and height) of the protrusions on the patterned layer are adapted to the location of the light-emitting element.

[0016] Preferably, the protrusion is a point.

[0017] Preferably, the protrusion is formed on the upper side of the photoconductive material, that is, on the side of the photoconductive material opposite to the substrate layer.

[0018] According to a preferred configuration, the light-emitting element can be an LED. The radiation pattern of the top- or side-emitting LEDs is ideal for the highest coupling efficiency. According to other preferred configurations, the light-emitting element can be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a printable nano-LED paste, an electroluminescent paste, and / or a silicon-based laser.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein the protrusions are printed dots.

[0020] Printed dots can be white dots. Printed dots can be formed using any printing technique such as screen printing, offset printing, inkjet printing, or the like.

[0021] The advantage of forming patterned layers using printing technology is that printing is a simple and efficient process, and it allows the printed pattern to be adapted to any configuration and position of the light-emitting element relative to the light guide body. Furthermore, printing enables different configurations based on the type of light guide material used.

[0022] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein the protrusions are bubbles formed of a light-guiding material.

[0023] Bubbles can be formed in optical guide materials through laser processing. For example, an optical guide material can be irradiated with a laser, and this processing can cause bubbles to form inside the material. These bubbles act as lenses to deflect the emitted light and extract the emitted light from the optical guide material.

[0024] The advantage of laser processing technology lies in its adaptability to specific configurations of photoconductor materials and the configuration and / or position of light-emitting elements. Furthermore, laser processing technology is highly precise, enabling the formation of bubbles only on the portion of the photoconductor material corresponding to the area to be illuminated, thereby preventing light emission from areas surrounding the illuminated portion.

[0025] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein the protrusion is formed in the light guide material as a result of laser processing, creating a blind hole.

[0026] For example, laser processing can be used to create blind holes in an optical guide material by ablation from the upper surface of the material.

[0027] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided in which the linear density of the protrusions increases with increasing distance from one or more light-emitting elements.

[0028] The advantage of this configuration is that the position and design of the protrusion ensures a uniform distribution of brightness in the light emitted by the light-emitting element and refracted by the light-guiding material. For example, when users observe the lighting module, they can see a more uniform distribution of brightness in the emitted light.

[0029] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided in which the surface of each of one or more light-emitting elements is positioned to contact the edge of a light-guiding material so that there is no gap between the light-emitting element and the light-guiding material and the transmission of emitted light is facilitated.

[0030] The advantage of this configuration is that the light beam is transmitted directly from the light-emitting element into the photoconductor material. The gap between the two elements will imply a change in the refractive index between the two materials, resulting in some energy loss.

[0031] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided in which a gap is formed between a light-emitting element and a light-guiding material, and the gap is filled with a gap-filling material having a refractive index suitable for enabling light transmission within the gap.

[0032] The advantage of filling the gap with a gap-filling material is that the light emitted by the light-emitting element is not reflected by the gap or the sidewalls of the light-conducting material, and is therefore transmitted through the light-conducting material.

[0033] The refractive index of the gap filler material is selected to optimize the transmission of light emitted by the light-emitting element into the gap material and then into the light guide material. Preferably, the gap filler material can be made of PC, PVC, PMMA, PET, glass, acrylic glass, polyurethane or mixtures thereof, LDPE, polysulfone, or transparent epoxy resin. Preferably, the gap filler material is made of the same material as the light guide material.

[0034] Preferably, the light-conducting material may have one or more recesses formed at the edges to accommodate the light-emitting element. Preferably, the light-emitting element is positioned at the same level as the layers of the light-conducting material.

[0035] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein the width of the patterned layer is shorter than the width of the light-conducting material and / or the length of the patterned layer is shorter than the length of the light-conducting material.

[0036] The advantage of this configuration is that the size of the pattern layer can be adapted to the size of the corresponding portion of the smart card that needs to be illuminated at the card level. In fact, light should only be extracted from the light-guiding element in the area to be illuminated, while in other areas, the emitted light is preferably reflected within the light-guiding material.

[0037] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein each protrusion has a circular shape, the diameter of which is included in the range of 50 μm and 100 μm, preferably in the range of 60 μm and 80 μm, and even more preferably 75 μm.

[0038] These dimensions ensure that the protrusions are small enough to ensure a uniform distribution and consistent brightness of the light emitted by the light guide body.

[0039] Preferably, the protrusion has a height that is included in the range between 3 μm and 50 μm.

[0040] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided, which further includes a reflective layer configured to reflect light emitted by the light-emitting element to the outside of the light-guiding material and redirect the light back into the light-guiding material.

[0041] The advantage of this configuration is that it reduces energy loss.

[0042] According to a preferred configuration, a reflective layer is applied to the side of the substrate layer opposite to the light-guiding material.

[0043] The advantage of this configuration is that it avoids backscattering of light emitted by the light-emitting element from the back side of the illumination module opposite the light-guiding material (i.e., from this part of the illumination module). Preferably, the reflective layer can be bonded to the light-guiding material using an adhesive with a lower refractive index compared to the refractive index of the light-guiding material. According to an alternative embodiment, the reflective layer can be directly bonded to the light-guiding material without the use of any adhesive, by using, for example, metal deposition (PVD) or direct lamination.

[0044] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein at least one reflective portion is applied corresponding to the light-emitting element.

[0045] The advantage of this configuration is that the light emitted directly from the light-emitting element towards the user is not blocked from passing through the light-emitting material. In this way, when the user looks at the lighting module, they do not see a bright spot corresponding to the light-emitting element, but rather they see a uniform brightness of emitted light corresponding to the illuminated portion of the substrate layer.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein the reflective layer and / or reflective portion comprises a metal layer or a metallization layer.

[0047] The advantage of this configuration is that the metal layer or metallization layer allows for the formation of the reflective layer in a simple and efficient manner. For example, the metal layer can be formed of aluminum, magnesium, copper, silver, or gold, or it can be formed of other reflective materials.

[0048] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a lighting module is provided, wherein the substrate layer is a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0049] The advantage of this configuration is that the substrate layer can accommodate the optical and electronic components of the lighting module, such as diodes and / or capacitors. Furthermore, the lighting module can be manufactured and tested independently of the pre-laminated structure or the smart card manufacturing process. In fact, in the early stages of manufacturing the final smart card, the position of the protrusions on the patterned layer relative to other electronic components can be controlled with great precision. This also ensures quality checks on the brightness distribution before all components are assembled into the pre-laminated structure and the smart card.

[0050] In a preferred configuration, the PCB may include a metal layer beneath the light-guiding element. This metal layer may function as a reflective layer or an absorptive layer.

[0051] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided, which includes a PCB with a cutout portion, wherein a light guide body is placed within the cutout portion.

[0052] The advantage of this configuration is that the lighting module can have a reduced thickness because the light guide body is inserted into a cutout in the PCB, rather than on the top of the PCB.

[0053] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a lighting module is provided, wherein the lighting module includes a plurality of light-emitting elements, such as a plurality of LEDs, and the plurality of light-emitting elements are formed on a single PCB.

[0054] The advantage of this configuration is that it optimizes production costs. Furthermore, a single PCB that includes all the LEDs ensures more precise positioning of the LEDs relative to a configuration where one or more PCBs are used to house the corresponding LEDs. This is because it reduces errors caused by the positioning of the LEDs on the PCB and the placement of the PCBs adjacent to each other.

[0055] According to a preferred configuration, the PCB including the LED can be formed around the light guide material.

[0056] According to the preferred configuration, the optical guide material can have a rectangular shape and can be surrounded by a PCB, which can also have a rectangular shape.

[0057] According to other preferred configurations, the light guide material can have any desired shape, such as a square, ellipse, triangle, or circle. Therefore, the PCB can be formed to surround or be placed below the light guide material in the same shape as the light guide material.

[0058] According to other preferred configurations, the PCB may have a regular polygonal shape, such as a hexagonal or octagonal shape, wherein LEDs are positioned on each side or both sides of the polygon of the PCB.

[0059] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein the light guide body includes a directional element for ensuring the correct positioning of the light guide body relative to one or more light-emitting elements.

[0060] The advantage of this configuration is that it ensures the correct positioning of the light guide body within the lighting module. In fact, it is evident that the light guide material and the patterned layer have a preferred orientation relative to the light-emitting elements in the lighting module to ensure uniform brightness and refraction of light. Therefore, it is crucial that the operator places the light guide body in the lighting module with the correct orientation during the manufacturing process.

[0061] According to another embodiment of the invention, a lighting module is provided, which further includes an energy harvesting antenna for supplying energy to one or more light-emitting elements.

[0062] The advantage of this configuration is that the lighting module does not require an additional battery to power the light-emitting element, making it more economical.

[0063] According to another embodiment of the invention, an illumination module is provided, wherein one or more light-emitting elements are LEDs, and the illumination module further includes a rectification system for rectifying the signal emitted by the energy harvesting antenna before transmitting it to the LED.

[0064] The advantage of this configuration is that the alternating signal emitted by the energy harvesting antenna after exposure to the electromagnetic field generated by the reader is converted into a rectified signal before being transmitted to the LED.

[0065] Preferably, the rectifier system of the present invention may be the electronic carrier 100 disclosed in the international patent application PCT / IB2020 / 000086 of the same applicant, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0066] According to another aspect of the invention, a pre-lamination structure for a smart card is provided, comprising a pre-lamination body including a cutout portion as described above and an illumination module, wherein the illumination module is positioned in the cutout portion.

[0067] The advantage of this configuration is that it provides a pre-laminated structure in which a portion of the substrate layer can be illuminated by the light-emitting element and is visible from the pre-laminated body.

[0068] In this disclosure, it should be understood that a pre-laminated structure for a smart card (also referred to as "pre-lam") refers to an intermediate structure formed during the manufacturing process of the smart card before being laminated to the final overlay of the smart card. The pre-laminated structure includes multiple card layers bonded together to form a multi-layer structure, and also includes electronic components of the smart card, such as antennas and integrated circuits. An overlay layer, including additional graphic information, is then added to the smart card at a later stage of the manufacturing process.

[0069] According to another embodiment of the invention, a pre-laminated structure is provided, the pre-laminated structure further comprising a graphic layer including graphic elements, wherein the graphic layer is attached to the pre-laminated body corresponding to an illumination module such that the illumination module illuminates the graphic elements.

[0070] The advantage of this configuration is that the light emitted from the lighting module can be used to illuminate the portion of the graphics layer that includes the graphics elements. The graphics elements are preferably the card's logo.

[0071] Examples of techniques used to form graphic elements include: offset printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, transfer printing, and laser processing (i.e., modification of laser-sensitive molecules in a foil layer).

[0072] The pre-laminated structure of the present invention can advantageously include a transparent or translucent window formed in an opaque layer positioned above the lighting module. The window can advantageously be formed corresponding to the lighting module to expose the portion of the substrate layer illuminated by the light-emitting element. For example, the window can be formed corresponding to a graphic element of the substrate layer.

[0073] According to another embodiment of the invention, a pre-laminated structure is provided, wherein one or more light-reflecting portions are formed on the sidewall of the opening portion corresponding to one or more light-emitting elements.

[0074] The advantage of this configuration is that the light-reflecting portion formed on the side surface of the light-emitting element prevents lateral backscattering of the light emitted by the light-emitting element and reduces energy loss. Therefore, the light-reflecting portion helps to form a uniform and clear image of the portion of the pattern layer illuminated by the light-emitting element.

[0075] According to another aspect of the invention, a pre-laminated structure is provided, which further includes: a reflective layer configured to reflect light emitted by the light-emitting element to the outside of the light-guiding material and redirect the light back into the light-guiding material; or a blocking layer configured to absorb light emitted by the light-emitting element to the outside of the light-guiding material.

[0076] The advantage of this configuration is that it enables the creation of images with no blurred or overly bright parts of the graphic elements.

[0077] According to another aspect of the invention, a smart card is provided, comprising: a pre-laminated structure as described above; at least one opaque overlay layer applied to the pre-laminated structure; and at least one light-transmitting overlay layer applied to the pre-laminated structure.

[0078] It should be understood that the light-transmitting layer can be transparent or translucent.

[0079] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the graphic layer including the graphic element to be illuminated can be formed on the layer of the smart card, rather than on the layer of the pre-laminated structure.

[0080] The smart card according to the invention is advantageous because, due to the light-emitting elements formed thereon, a portion of the graphic layer formed in the pre-laminated structure or in the smart card can be illuminated by the illumination module. For example, illuminating a portion of the graphic layer to see the graphic elements formed thereon (such as the logo of the smart card) may be useful. For example, illuminating a portion of the graphic layer to detect the operating conditions of the smart card (such as the conditions for executing a transaction) may be useful. In both examples, the smart card of the invention enables the re-emission of light with uniform brightness. For example, the smart card according to the invention ensures that a neat and clear image of the graphic elements is seen.

[0081] Preferably, the smart card includes an energy harvesting antenna for supplying energy to the light source and a payment antenna for enabling transactions with an external reader.

[0082] Preferably, the smart card includes an energy harvesting antenna for supplying energy to the light source and another transponder antenna connected to an RFID chip that enables contactless communication with an external reader, such as for access control applications.

[0083] Preferably, the RFID chip can be mounted on the same PCB as the PCB that houses the electronic and optical components of the lighting module.

[0084] In a preferred configuration, the user exposes the smart card to an external reader that generates an electromagnetic field. A signal is correspondingly generated in an energy-harvesting antenna and used to power the LEDs of the illumination module. The LEDs emit light, which is refracted by the light-guiding material and patterned layer, and then re-emitted in the user's direction. The presence of the patterned layer ensures uniform brightness of the re-emitted light. The re-emitted light eventually passes through the other layers of the smart card and reaches the user. Advantageously, windows are formed in the layers of the smart card corresponding to the illuminated portion of the patterned layer, so that the illuminated portion is also visible in the final smart card. Attached Figure Description

[0085] In the following description, please refer to the following figures:

[0086] Figure 1 A top view of a smart card according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated;

[0087] Figure 2A A three-dimensional view of a lighting module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated;

[0088] Figure 2B Details of a patterned layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, obtained through computer simulation, are illustrated.

[0089] Figure 3A A cross-section of a lighting module according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated;

[0090] Figure 3B A three-dimensional view of a lighting module according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated;

[0091] Figure 4 A cross-section of a lighting module according to an alternative embodiment of the invention is schematically illustrated;

[0092] Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of a pre-lamination structure for a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated.

[0093] Figure 6 A top view schematically illustrates a pre-lamination structure for a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 7A A cross-section of a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically.

[0095] Figure 7B A cross-section of a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically.

[0096] Figure 8A A cross-section of a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically.

[0097] Figure 8B A cross-section of a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically.

[0098] Figure 9 A cross-section of a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically.

[0099] Figure 10 A cross-section of a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically.

[0100] Figure 11A cross-section of a smart card according to an alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically. Detailed Implementation

[0101] This specification is presented for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosed embodiments. The scope of protection of this disclosure is defined in the appended claims. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Embodiments have been chosen and described to best illustrate the principles and practical application of this disclosure and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the various embodiments of this disclosure and the various modifications suitable for the particular intended use. Finally, those areas considered known to those skilled in the art will not be described to avoid unnecessarily covering up the described invention.

[0102] In this invention, it should be understood that the terms “upper,” “lower,” “right,” “left,” “side,” and their variations refer to the orientation of the drawings, but they are not intended to limit the invention.

[0103] Figure 1 A top view of a smart card 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated. The smart card 1000 includes a pre-laminated body 310, in which a cutout portion is formed. An illumination module 100 is placed in the cutout portion.

[0104] The lighting module 100 includes a substrate layer 240 on which a light guide body 200 is applied. The light guide body 200 includes a layer 210 of light-guiding material on which a patterned layer 220 is formed. An adhesive layer (not shown) may be used to bond the light guide body 200 to the substrate layer 240 and other layers of the card. Alternatively, the light guide body 200 may be directly bonded to the substrate layer 240 and other layers of the card. Figure 1 In the configuration shown, four light-emitting elements 110 are formed along the periphery of the light guide body 200. The light-emitting elements 110 can be, for example, LEDs.

[0105] Despite Figure 1 The configuration illustrates four LEDs, but it appears that any number of LEDs, such as one, two, three, or more, can be formed on the lighting module 100.

[0106] The light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 is parallel to the substrate layer 240 and travels through the light-conducting material 210. The light-emitting element 110 is advantageously positioned at the same level as the light-conducting material 210. For example, the light-conducting body 200 may have one or more recesses at its edges to accommodate the corresponding light-emitting element 110.

[0107] The light guide material 210 may be made of PC, PVC, PMMA, PET, glass, acrylic glass, polyurethane or mixtures thereof, LDPE, polysulfone or transparent epoxy resin.

[0108] The light guide body 200 is configured in such a way that it refracts the light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 and deflects the light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer 240. The light guide material 210 has a higher refractive index compared to surrounding materials such as adhesives and / or other layers of the substrate layer 240 and / or the smart card 1000.

[0109] Preferably, the light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 is deflected along a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer 240, which is directed toward the eyes of the user of the smart card 1000.

[0110] from Figure 1 As can be seen, the lighting module 100 also includes a collecting antenna 130, which is used to provide energy to the light-emitting element 110 when the smart card 1000 is exposed to an electromagnetic field. Furthermore, Figure 1 The lighting module 100 includes a rectification system 120 for rectifying the alternating signal emitted by the collecting antenna 130 before transmitting it to the light-emitting element 110.

[0111] The location and configuration of the energy harvesting antenna 130 of the present invention may be similar to the location and configuration of the energy harvesting antenna 104 disclosed in International Patent Application PCT / IB2023 / 000026, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0112] According to a preferred configuration, the light-emitting element 110 may be an LED, and the rectification system 120 may be used to rectify the alternating signal emitted by the collecting antenna 130 before transmitting it to the LED. For example, the rectification system 120 may be a four-diode bridge. Alternatively, the rectification system 120 may be the electronic carrier 100 disclosed in the international patent application PCT / IB2020 / 000086 of the same applicant, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0113] exist Figure 1 In the configuration shown, the rectifier system 120, the light-emitting element 110, and any other electronic components such as capacitors and / or diodes are formed on a single PCB 122 connected to the collecting antenna 130. The PCB 122 surrounds the light guide body 200 and is placed on a substrate layer 240. The PCB 122 can have any shape suitable for exposing a portion of the light guide body 200 to emit light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer 240. Figure 1In the configuration shown, PCB 122 has a rectangular shape and surrounds a light guide body 200, which also has a rectangular shape, such that the light guide body 200 and a portion of the substrate layer 240 are visible at the center of PCB 122.

[0114] Depending on the alternative configuration (not shown), the PCB 122 and the light guide body 200 can have any other shape, such as a square, ellipse, triangle or circle, or even a polygon, such as a regular polygon shape.

[0115] According to a preferred configuration (not shown), PCB 122 may have a symmetrical polygonal shape (e.g., hexagon, octagon, etc.), wherein LEDs 110 are positioned on each side or every two sides.

[0116] To improve the visibility of the graphic elements of the smart card, a pattern layer 220 is applied to the light guide material 210. The pattern layer 220 includes a series of protrusions 222 that are distributed to make the brightness of the light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 and deflected by the light guide body 200 uniform.

[0117] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the protrusion 222 may be a printed dot. For example, the printed dot may be printed using any suitable technique, such as screen printing, offset printing, inkjet printing, or the like. The printed dot may be made of a material different from that of the light guide element 210.

[0118] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the series of protrusions may comprise a series of bubbles formed by illuminating the light-conducting material 210 with a suitable laser. During laser processing, bubbles are generated in the light-conducting material 210 due to the increase in temperature. Therefore, the bubbles are made of the same material as the light-conducting element 210. The bubbles act as lenses for the emitted light and make the brightness more uniform, and facilitate the viewing of the patterned elements 241 on the substrate layer 240.

[0119] Figure 2A A three-dimensional view of the optical guide body 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated. Figure 2A In this context, it can be seen that the area of ​​patterned layer 220 is smaller than the area of ​​optical guide material 210. Specifically, in... Figure 2A In the configuration, the length L2 of the pattern layer 220 is shorter than the length L1 of the optical guide material 210, and the width W2 of the pattern layer 220 is equal to the width W1 of the optical guide material 210.

[0120] According to an alternative configuration (not shown), the width W2 of the patterned layer 220 may be shorter than the width W1 of the optical guide material 210, and the length L2 of the patterned layer 220 may be equal to the length L1 of the optical guide material 210. According to other configurations (not shown), both the width W2 and the length L2 of the patterned layer 220 may be shorter than the width W1 and the length L1 of the optical guide material 210.

[0121] exist Figure 2A In the configuration, it can be seen that the light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 is in a direction parallel to the substrate layer 240 (i.e., reference). Figure 2A The light passes through the optical guide material 210 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer 240 (i.e., the Cartesian reference frame and parallel to the plane XY). Then, the light travels along a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer 240 (i.e., the reference frame). Figure 2A The reference frame is deflected and refracted (along the Z-direction). Preferably, the Z-direction is directed towards the eyes of the user holding the smart card 1000.

[0122] The pattern layer 220 is patterned to evenly distribute the brightness of emitted light across the main portion of the region of the light-conducting material 210. This is achieved by varying the density of protrusions in the pattern layer 220. Figure 2A As can be seen, the linear density of the protrusions 220 increases with their distance from the light-emitting element 110.

[0123] Figure 2B The diagram shows the details of the distribution of protrusions on pattern layer 220, which has been obtained through computer simulation using the simulation software LightTool.

[0124] Figure 2B The pattern layer 220 can ideally be divided into four symmetrical regions A, B, C, and D. Region A is placed corresponding to light source 110A. Region B is placed corresponding to light source 110B. Region C is placed corresponding to light source 110C. Region D is placed corresponding to light source 110D. In each region A, B, C, or D, the linear density of the protrusions 222 increases with increasing distance from the corresponding light-emitting element 110. In this way, the linear density of the protrusions is lower immediately adjacent to the light-emitting element 110, and lower at the interfaces between adjacent regions (such as at the center O of the pattern layer 220 and corresponding to...). Figure 2B The boundary lines shown (1, 2, 3, and 4) are relatively high. Furthermore, the linear density of the protrusions is also higher than... Figure 2B The midpoints 5 and 7 of edge W2 and the midpoints 6 and 8 of edge L2 are increased accordingly.

[0125] Figure 3A A cross-sectional view of a lighting module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated. Figure 3AIn this configuration, it can be seen that the light-conducting material 210 is applied to the substrate layer 240, and protrusions or dots 222 of the pattern layer 220 are formed on the light-conducting material 210. (Reference) Figure 3A The orientation is such that protrusions 222 are formed on the upper side of the optical guide material 210. Figure 3A In the schematic configuration, the protrusions 222 are illustrated as being equally spaced apart. However, as mentioned above, their mutual distance depends on their distance from the light source 110.

[0126] Figure 3B A three-dimensional view of the lighting module 100 is schematically illustrated, in which the protrusions 222 or dots of the pattern layer 220 are clearly visible. Preferably, the protrusions can be wide printed dots with a circular shape, the diameter of which is included in the range of 50 μm and 100 μm, preferably between 60 μm and 80 μm, and even more preferably 75 μm.

[0127] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a lighting model 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated. Figure 4 In the image, a reflective layer 230 can be seen placed between the substrate layer 240 and the light-guiding material 210. The reflective layer 230 can be a foil of a metallic or metallized material. The metal can be aluminum, magnesium, or copper. The reflective layer 230 can be used to block a portion of the light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 and prevent backscattering. In other words, the reflective layer 230 can be used to prevent this portion of the emitted light from being scattered from the side of the smart card 1000 that is not pointing towards the user (i.e., the side opposite to the pattern layer 220). In this way, the light emitted by the light-guiding body 200 has even more uniform brightness. In fact, light emitted from the back of the light-guiding body 200 will produce a blurred image of the graphic element.

[0128] The illumination module 100 according to the invention can be used to illuminate a portion of the graphic layer of the smart card 1000, for example, to make the smart card's logo visible or to indicate the smart card's operating conditions. This can be seen in Figure 7 below. Figure 10 As can be seen, the graphic layer can be formed in a pre-laminated structure or in a smart card.

[0129] During the manufacturing of the smart card, the illumination module 100 is inserted into a predefined cutout portion of the pre-lamination structure 300 of the smart card. The final overlay of the smart card 1000 is then added to the pre-lamination structure 300 to cover it.

[0130] Figure 5 A three-dimensional view schematically illustrates a portion of a pre-lamination structure 300 for a smart card 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5As can be clearly seen, the illumination module 100 is inserted into the cutout portion of the pre-laminated body 310. One or more reflective portions 140A, 140B, and 140C can be formed along the sidewalls of the cutout portion. Preferably, the reflective portions 140A, 140B, and 140C are positioned corresponding to the light-emitting element 110 to prevent light scattering by the sides of the cutout portion and to improve the image quality of the smart card's graphic element. Due to the reflective portions 140A, 140B, 140C, and 140D, the energy loss of emitted light is reduced, and more emitted light ultimately reaches and illuminates the graphic element. Therefore, the reflective portions help increase the brightness of the area illuminating the graphic element.

[0131] The reflective portions 140A, 140B and 140C may be formed of a thin metal or metallization layer (such as a thin layer including aluminum, magnesium, copper, silver or gold), or they may be formed of other reflective materials.

[0132] Based on the above disclosure, it is clear that the lighting module 100 has a preferred orientation, and the light guide body, including the light guide material 210 and the pattern layer 220, should be placed on the lighting module 100 in a manner that has a preferred orientation relative to the light-emitting element 110. For example, the linear density of the protrusions 222 of the pattern layer 220 should be higher as the distance from the light-emitting element 110 increases. Furthermore, the light guide material 210 should be placed in a manner that enables it to refract light along a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer 240.

[0133] To ensure proper positioning of the light guide body 200 relative to the light-emitting element 110, the light guide body 200 may be provided with an orientation element 150. For example, the orientation element 150 may be a protrusion or nose that indicates the preferred orientation of the light guide body 200 for its positioning in the lighting module 100. In this way, during manufacturing, an operator can position the light guide body 200 such that the light guide material 210 and the pattern layer 220 have a preferred orientation relative to the light-emitting element 110. Figure 6 The image schematically illustrates the configuration of an illumination module 100 having a light guide body 200 provided with a directional element 150.

[0134] like Figure 6 As schematically shown, the cutout portion of the pre-laminated structure 300 is shaped to match the configuration of the orientation element 150.

[0135] Figure 7A A schematic cross-sectional view of a smart card 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0136] exist Figure 7AAs can be seen, the lighting module 100 is placed in a cutout portion formed in the pre-laminated body 310 of the pre-laminated structure 300 of the smart card 1000. The lighting module 100 includes a light-emitting element 110 (in... Figure 7A (Only two light-emitting elements are visible in the cross-section). A light-guiding body 200, comprising light-guiding material 210 and a patterned layer 220, is positioned between the light-emitting elements 110. An antenna 130 is formed around the light-guiding body 200 to provide energy to the light-emitting elements 110.

[0137] exist Figure 7A In the configuration shown, as referenced Figure 1 The PCB 122 surrounds the light guide body 200 and is placed on the substrate layer 240. The connection pads for the light-emitting element 110 and the collecting antenna 130 are formed on a single PCB 122.

[0138] exist Figure 7A In the illustrated configuration, the pre-laminated structure 300 further includes a pattern layer 320 attached to the upper part of the lighting module 100. The pattern layer 320 includes pattern elements 321 that receive light emitted by the lighting module. In this way, the pattern elements 321 are visible to the user. Preferably, the pattern layer 220 is formed only corresponding to the areas of the pattern layer 320 that include the pattern elements 321, so as to extract light from the corresponding portions of the light-guiding material 210 and illuminate only the areas of the pattern elements 321. In this way, the image of the pattern elements 321 is clear and bright.

[0139] exist Figure 7A In this configuration, a reflective layer 230 is also formed on the back of the lighting module 100 to prevent the light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 from being in a direction opposite to the user's direction. Figure 7A Backscattering occurs on the lower part of the light guide body 200. The reflective layer 230 can be directly or indirectly attached to the light guide body 200. For example, the reflective layer 230 can be indirectly attached to the light guide body 200 via an adhesive layer (not shown).

[0140] In addition, Figure 7A In this configuration, the reflective portion 232 is formed corresponding to the light-emitting element 110 in a direction opposite to the reflective layer 230. Furthermore, Figure 7A The pre-laminated structure 300 includes an additional reflective layer 330, which reflects light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 to the outside of the light guide body 200 and redirects the light back into the light guide body 200. In this way, when a user views the smart card 1000 from above, they can see the graphic element 321 without seeing an overly bright dot corresponding to the light-emitting element 110. In fact, direct light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 in other directions is blocked by the reflective portion 232 and the reflective layer 330. The reflective portion and layer can be made of any metal or metallized material.

[0141] An integrated circuit (not shown) may be further formed in the pre-lamination body 310. The integrated circuit may be formed directly in the lighting module 100 or in another layer of the pre-lamination structure 300. The pre-lamination body 310, including the lighting module 100 and the integrated circuit, forms the pre-lamination structure 300 of the smart card 1000.

[0142] A pre-laminated structure 300 of the smart card 1000 is placed between the overlay layers. Preferably, upper and lower opaque overlay layers 400 are attached to the pre-laminated structure 300. Preferably, upper and lower translucent overlay layers 410 are attached to the corresponding opaque overlay layers 400 of the smart card 1000. Preferably, the opaque overlay layer 400 comprises a white PVC sheet. Preferably, the translucent overlay layer 410 comprises a translucent PVC sheet.

[0143] like Figure 7B As schematically shown, the smart card 1000 of the present invention may advantageously include a transparent or semi-transparent window 402 formed in a white or opaque overlay 400. The window 402 is advantageously aligned with the light guide body 200 such that light emitted by the illumination module 100 illuminates the graphic element 321 and reaches the user through the transparent window 402.

[0144] Figure 8A A schematic cross-sectional view of a smart card 1000 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0145] Figure 8A The smart card 1000 includes... Figure 7A It uses the same components as the smart card 1000, but differs in that the pre-laminated structure 300 does not include any graphic layer.

[0146] Figure 8A The graphic element 421 of the smart card 1000 is formed in the graphic layer 420, which is attached to the pre-lamination structure 300 during the later stages of manufacturing, during the lamination of the final layer of the smart card. Preferably, the graphic element 421 is a printed element.

[0147] When the light-emitting element 110 is activated, the graphic element 421 becomes visible to the user. Preferably, the pattern layer 220 is formed only corresponding to the area of ​​the graphic layer 420 that includes the graphic element 421, so as to extract light from the corresponding portion of the light-conducting material 210 and illuminate only the area of ​​the graphic element 421. In this way, the image of the graphic element 421 is clear and bright.

[0148] also, Figure 8A Smart Card 1000 and Figure 7AThe difference with the smart card is that the reflective layer 330 is replaced by a blocking layer 340, which stops and absorbs light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 in the direction opposite to the user (i.e., Figure 8A The light emitted from the lower part of the image is reduced. In this way, backscattering of the emitted light is reduced, and the image of the graphic element 421 is clearer.

[0149] like Figure 8B As schematically shown, the smart card 1000 of the present invention may advantageously include a transparent or semi-transparent window 402 formed in a white or opaque overlay 400. The window 402 is advantageously aligned with the light guide body 200 such that light emitted by the illumination module 100 illuminates the graphic element 421 and reaches the user through the transparent window 402.

[0150] Figure 9 A schematic cross-sectional view of a smart card 1000 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0151] Figure 9 The smart card 1000 includes... Figure 7A It uses the same components as the smart card 1000, but with... Figure 7A The difference between the Smart Card 1000 and the Smart Card 1000 lies in the PCB configuration. In fact, in... Figure 9 In the smart card 1000, the PCB forms the substrate layer 240 of the lighting module 100. In other words, the PCB 240 does not surround the lighting module 100, but forms the substrate layer on which optical components (such as light guide body 200, etc.) and electrical components (such as antenna 130 and rectifier element 120, as well as other diodes and / or capacitors, etc.) are formed.

[0152] exist Figure 9 In this configuration, the reflective layer 330 is attached to the lower part of the PCB layer 240.

[0153] Figure 10 A schematic cross-sectional view of a smart card 1000 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0154] Figure 10 The smart card 1000 includes... Figure 8A It uses the same components as the smart card 1000, but with... Figure 8A The difference between the Smart Card 1000 and the Smart Card 1000 lies in the PCB configuration. In fact, in... Figure 10 In the smart card 1000, the PCB forms the substrate layer 240 of the lighting module. In other words, the PCB 240 does not surround the lighting module 100, but forms the substrate layer on which optical components (such as light guide body 200, etc.) and electrical components (such as antenna 130 and rectifier element 120, as well as other diodes and / or capacitors, etc.) are formed.

[0155] exist Figure 10 In this configuration, the reflective layer 330 is attached to the lower part of the PCB layer 240.

[0156] Figure 11 A schematic cross-sectional view of a smart card 1000 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0157] Figure 11 The smart card 1000 includes... Figure 7A It uses the same components as the smart card 1000, but differs in that the lighting module 100 does not include any reflective layer 230. Figure 11 In the smart card 1000, the pre-laminated structure 300 includes a reflective layer 330, which is used to reflect light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 in a direction relative to the user. Figure 11 The light emitted from the lower part of the body is reduced, thus minimizing energy loss.

[0158] It should be understood that Figure 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 8A , Figure 8B , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 Possible configurations of a smart card according to the invention are shown. However, they should not be considered as limitations on the invention. In fact, all possible combinations of configurations of the reflective layer (e.g., directly or indirectly attached to the light guide body, formed in the illumination module or formed in the pre-laminated structure), the pattern layer (e.g., part of the pre-laminated structure or the smart card), and the PCB (e.g., surrounding the light guide body or forming a substrate layer) are possible. Furthermore, the reflective layer may or may not be formed in the smart card, and the reflective layer may or may not be replaced by a blocking layer.

[0159] List of reference numerals

[0160] 1, 2, 3, 4: Boundary lines

[0161] 5, 6, 7, 8: Midpoint

[0162] 100: Lighting Module

[0163] 110, 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D: Light-emitting elements

[0164] 120: Rectifier element

[0165] 122: PCB

[0166] 130: Collection Antenna

[0167] 140A, 140B, 140C: Light reflecting section

[0168] 150: Orientation element

[0169] 200: Light guide body

[0170] 210: Layers of optical waveguide material

[0171] 220: Pattern layer

[0172] 230: Reflective layer

[0173] 232: Reflection section

[0174] 240: Substrate layer

[0175] 300: Pre-laminated structure

[0176] 310: Pre-laminated main body

[0177] 320: Graphic layer of pre-laminated structure

[0178] 321, 421: Graphic elements

[0179] 330: Reflective layer of pre-laminated structure

[0180] 340: Barrier layer of pre-laminated structure

[0181] 400: Opaque overlay

[0182] 402: Window

[0183] 410: Translucent Covering Layer

[0184] 420: Graphics layer of smart card

[0185] 1000: Card

[0186] W1: Width of the optical guide material layer

[0187] L1: Length of the optical guide material layer

[0188] W2: Width of the pattern layer

[0189] L2: Length of the pattern layer

Claims

1. A lighting module (100) for illuminating a portion of a smart card, the lighting module (100) comprising: - Substrate layer (240); - One or more light-emitting elements (110), such as one or more LEDs, are positioned on the substrate layer (240) and configured to emit light parallel to the substrate layer (240); - A light guide body (200) is applied to the substrate layer (240). The light guide body (200) includes a light guide material (210) and a patterned layer (220) applied to the light guide material (210). It is configured to refract light parallel to the substrate layer (240) and deflect the light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate layer (240) to obtain emitted light. The pattern layer (220) includes a series of protrusions (222) that are distributed to make the brightness of the emitted light uniform.

2. The lighting module (100) according to claim 1, wherein, The protrusion (222) is a printing point.

3. The lighting module (100) according to claim 1, wherein, The protrusion (222) is a bubble formed by the optical guide material (200).

4. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The density of the protrusions (222) increases with increasing distance from the one or more light-emitting elements (110).

5. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The surface of each of the one or more light-emitting elements (110) is positioned to contact the edge of the light guide body (200) so that there is no gap between the one or more light-emitting elements (110) and the light guide body (200) and facilitates the transmission of the emitted light.

6. The lighting module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, A gap is formed between each of the one or more light-emitting elements (110) and the light-guiding material (210), and the gap is filled with a gap-filling material having a refractive index suitable for enabling light transmission within the gap.

7. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The width (W2) of the pattern layer (220) is smaller than the width (W1) of the light guide material (210) and / or the length (L2) of the pattern layer (220) is smaller than the length (L1) of the light guide material (210).

8. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each protrusion (222) has a circular shape, the diameter of which is included in the range of 50 μm and 100 μm, preferably in the range of 60 μm and 80 μm, and even more preferably 75 μm.

9. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a reflective layer (230) configured to reflect light emitted by the light-emitting element (110) to the outside of the light-guiding material (210) and redirect the light back into the light-guiding material (210).

10. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, At least one reflective portion (232) is applied in correspondence with the light-emitting element (110).

11. The lighting module (100) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The reflective layer (230) and / or the reflective portion (232) include a metal layer or a metallization layer.

12. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The substrate layer (240) is a printed circuit board, i.e., a PCB.

13. The lighting module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 further includes a printed circuit board (PCB) (122) having a cutout portion, wherein, The light guide body (200) is placed inside the cut-out portion.

14. The lighting module (100) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The lighting module (100) includes a plurality of light-emitting elements (110), such as a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and the plurality of light-emitting elements (110) are formed on a single PCB (122).

15. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The light guide body (200) includes a directional element (150) for ensuring the correct positioning of the light guide body (200) relative to the one or more light-emitting elements (110).

16. The lighting module (100) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes an energy harvesting antenna (120) for providing energy to the one or more light-emitting elements (110).

17. The lighting module (100) according to claim 16, wherein, The one or more light-emitting elements (110) are LEDs, and the lighting module (100) further includes a rectification system (120) for rectifying the signal before transmitting the signal emitted by the energy harvesting antenna (120) to the one or more LEDs.

18. A pre-lamination structure (300) for a smart card, comprising: - Pre-laminated body (310), which includes a cut-out portion; - The lighting module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, The lighting module (100) is positioned in the cut-out portion.

19. The pre-laminated structure (300) according to claim 18 further includes a graphic layer (320), the graphic layer (320) including graphic elements (321), wherein, The graphic layer (320) is attached to the pre-laminated body (310) in correspondence with the lighting module (100), such that the lighting module (100) illuminates the graphic element (321).

20. The pre-laminated structure (300) according to claim 18 or 19, wherein, One or more light-reflecting portions (140A, 140B, 140C) are formed on the sidewall of the cut portion in correspondence with one or more light-emitting elements (110).

21. The pre-laminated structure (300) according to any one of claims 18 to 20, further comprising a reflective layer (330) or a blocking layer (340), the reflective layer (330) being configured to reflect light emitted by the light-emitting element (110) to the outside of the light-guiding material (210) and redirect the light back into the light-guiding material (210), and the blocking layer (340) being configured to absorb light emitted by the light-emitting element (110) to the outside of the light-guiding material (210).

22. A smart card (1000), comprising: - The pre-laminated structure (300) according to any one of claims 18 to 21; - At least one opaque cover layer (400) or at least one partially transparent cover layer (400) applied to the pre-laminated structure (300); -Applied to at least one opaque covering layer (400) or at least one translucent covering layer (410) applied to at least one partially translucent covering layer (400).

23. A smart card (1000), comprising: - The pre-laminated structure (300) according to claim 18, 20 or 21; - A graphic layer (420) including a printed graphic element (421), wherein the graphic layer (420) is attached to the pre-laminated structure (300) corresponding to the lighting module (100) such that the lighting module (100) illuminates the printed graphic element (421); - At least one opaque cover layer (400) or at least one partially transparent cover layer (400) applied to the pre-laminated structure (300); -Applied to at least one opaque covering layer (400) or at least one translucent covering layer (410) applied to at least one partially translucent covering layer (400).

Images