A method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for the selection and configuration of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) germplasm that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency, belonging to the field of germplasm selection technology. The method includes: S1, establishing a functional trait database of Chinese fir germplasm based on leaf, wood, root, and hydraulic characteristics of different germplasm sources; S2, constructing a water-carbon efficiency strategy map based on the germplasm functional trait database, and selecting and configuring Chinese fir in different regions based on the water-carbon efficiency strategy map. This invention quantifies the "water consumption-carbon sequestration" trade-off relationship of different germplasm sources, providing a quantitative basis for regional water resource management and carbon sequestration afforestation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of germplasm selection and breeding technology, specifically relating to a method for selecting and configuring Chinese fir germplasm that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the selection and allocation of seed sources for Chinese fir plantations mainly relies on growth metrics such as tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) and geographical provenance experience. This method has significant drawbacks: First, it fails to reveal the intrinsic physiological and ecological mechanisms of seed source adaptation, especially when dealing with abiotic stresses such as drought and infertility, where the selected seed sources may lack sufficient resistance. Second, when establishing mixed forests or complex communities, relying solely on experience to allocate seed sources makes it difficult to maximize community productivity and stability from the perspective of complementary resource utilization strategies. Plant functional traits are key indicators connecting individual plants to ecosystem functions, directly reflecting plant adaptation strategies to the environment. Existing breeding methods based on functional traits focus primarily on "morphological" and "chemical" traits, failing to directly integrate data reflecting real-time water transport processes (sap flow) and long-term carbon assimilation efficiency (δ¹²). 13 C) and key data on the hydraulic safety structure foundation (anatomy). This leads to an insufficiently direct and comprehensive assessment of the provenance "water-carbon coupling" strategy, especially in predicting its performance under actual water stress. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the selection and configuration of Chinese fir germplasm that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency. By integrating three new types of data—process, efficiency, and structure—a "water and carbon efficiency strategy map" is constructed to evaluate Chinese fir germplasm more accurately and with clearer mechanisms.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Establish a database of functional traits of Chinese fir germplasm based on leaf, wood, root, and hydraulic characteristics of different seed sources;

[0006] S2. Construct a water and carbon efficiency strategy map based on the aforementioned germplasm functional trait database, and select and configure Chinese fir trees in different regions based on the water and carbon efficiency strategy map.

[0007] More preferably, the leaf traits include: specific leaf area, leaf tissue density, leaf dry matter content, equivalent water thickness, chlorophyll value, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, and δ0.05 13 C content.

[0008] More preferably, the method for calculating the specific leaf area includes:

[0009] ;

[0010] The method for calculating the leaf tissue density includes:

[0011] ;

[0012] The method for calculating the leaf dry matter content includes:

[0013] ;

[0014] The method for calculating the equivalent water thickness includes:

[0015] ;

[0016] In the formula, Indicates specific leaf area; Indicates leaf area; Indicates the dry weight of the blade; Indicates leaf tissue density; Indicates blade thickness; Indicates the dry matter content of the leaves; Indicates the saturated fresh weight of the leaves; Indicates the equivalent water thickness.

[0017] More preferably, the root characteristics include: specific root surface area, specific root length, root tissue density, root carbon content, root nitrogen content, and root phosphorus content.

[0018] More preferably, the method for calculating the root length includes:

[0019] ;

[0020] The method for calculating the specific surface area includes:

[0021] ;

[0022] The method for calculating the root tissue density includes:

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula, It is longer than the root; Specific surface area; Root tissue density; Root length; This represents the root surface area. The volume of the root system; This represents the dry weight of the root sample.

[0025] More preferably, the wood properties include: wood density;

[0026] Methods for calculating wood density include:

[0027] ;

[0028] In the formula, Indicates wood density; This indicates the dry weight after radial drying; This indicates the radial volume.

[0029] More preferably, the hydraulic properties include: water potential value, vascular bundle diameter distribution, vascular bundle density, theoretical hydraulic conductivity, P50 value, daily water consumption per plant, sap flow initiation time, peak value, afternoon attenuation degree, and nighttime sap flow ratio.

[0030] More preferably, in S2, the method for constructing the water-carbon efficiency strategy map includes:

[0031] S21. The leaf characteristics, wood characteristics, root characteristics and hydraulic characteristics are standardized, and then principal component analysis is performed to obtain the first principal component and the second principal component.

[0032] S22. Based on the first principal component and the second principal component as coordinate axes, project each Chinese fir seed source onto a two-dimensional map to obtain the water and carbon efficiency strategy map.

[0033] More preferably, the coordinate axes include: a hydraulic safety-effect axis and a water-carbon balance axis;

[0034] The hydraulic safety-effect axis integrates xylem P50, theoretical hydraulic conductivity, wood density, weighted average tracheid diameter, tracheid density, and potential hydraulic conductivity ratio.

[0035] The water-carbon balance axis integrates the values ​​derived from the blade δ 13 C calculates long-term water use efficiency, daily water consumption per plant, afternoon attenuation, specific leaf area, and pre-dawn leaf water potential.

[0036] More preferably, the coordinate axis divides the water-carbon efficiency strategy map into four quadrants; wherein, the first quadrant is high safety-water-saving and high efficiency type; the second quadrant is high safety-luxury water consumption type; the third quadrant is low safety-luxury water consumption type; and the fourth quadrant is low safety-water-saving and high efficiency type.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] 1. This invention can more accurately identify Chinese fir seed sources that possess both high water transport safety and high water use efficiency under drought stress.

[0039] 2. This invention quantifies the "water consumption-carbon sequestration" trade-off between different seed sources, providing a quantitative basis for regional water resource management and carbon sequestration afforestation.

[0040] 3. Based on the differences in the hydraulic structure and water consumption behavior of the seed sources, this invention designs a mixed breeding configuration scheme with stronger complementarity. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for the selection and configuration of Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the principal component analysis results of functional traits from different germplasm sources in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency, including the following steps: S1, establishing a functional trait database of Chinese fir seed sources based on leaf traits, wood traits, root traits and hydraulic traits of different seed sources; S2, constructing a water and carbon efficiency strategy map based on the seed source functional trait database, and selecting and configuring Chinese fir in different regions based on the water and carbon efficiency strategy map.

[0048] Further implementation involves leaf traits including: specific leaf area, leaf tissue density, leaf dry matter content, equivalent water thickness, chlorophyll value, total carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, and δ¹²⁺. 13 C content.

[0049] The leaf trait determination method includes: selecting 30 leaves from each Chinese fir tree for leaf trait determination, and measuring the bark-removed diameter of the branches with vernier calipers and calculating the cross-sectional area. The leaves were scanned using an Epson 110 scanner, and the leaf area was measured using ImageJ software. ); The chlorophyll content of the leaves was measured using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter ( (Value), for each leaf, a set of measurements were taken at the upper, middle, and lower parts, avoiding the veins, and the average value was taken as the leaf's value. Value; The leaf thickness in the non-vein area of ​​the leaf was measured using an electronic digital vernier caliper (accuracy 0.01 mm). For each leaf, measurements were taken at three points: the front, middle, and tip. The average value was taken as the leaf thickness. The leaves, after these measurements, were then immersed in clean water until their weight no longer changed. Excess water was absorbed with filter paper, and the thickness was measured on an electronic balance (accuracy 0.001). Weigh the saturated fresh weight of the leaves ( Then, the blades were placed in a 70°C oven and dried to constant weight using an electronic balance (accuracy 0.001). The dry weight of the blade was obtained by weighing. ).

[0050] The formula for calculating leaf traits is as follows:

[0051] ;

[0052] ;

[0053] ;

[0054] ;

[0055] In the formula, Indicates specific leaf area. ; Indicates leaf tissue density, ; Indicates the dry matter content of leaves. ; Indicates the equivalent water thickness. .

[0056] Another portion of the collected leaf samples were blanched in an oven at 105℃ for 30 min, then dried at 70℃ to constant weight. The leaves were then pulverized and ground using a pulverizer, passed through a 100-mesh sieve, and placed in a resealable bag. The carbon content of the samples was determined using the potassium dichromate external heating method. The determination of total nitrogen content was performed by digesting the sample with H2SO4 and then using a Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer (KD-310, Sweden). The sample was digested with HNO3 and HClO4, and the total phosphorus content was determined using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (iCAP Pro XP, USA). ), collect leaves and measure leaf δ 13 C content. To avoid experimental errors caused by technical operations, each chemical property of each sample was measured at least three times.

[0057] Further implementation involves the following wood properties: wood density. 10 cm segments are taken from the upper, middle, and lower parts of each 1-meter-long branch. The volume of each branch is measured using the water displacement method. After measurement, the branches are dried in a 100°C oven to constant weight, and the dry weight of the stem is recorded. Wood density () The calculation method for ) is as follows:

[0058] ;

[0059] In the formula, Indicates wood density, ; This indicates the dry weight after radial drying. ; Indicates the radial volume. .

[0060] Further implementation involves root traits including: specific root surface area, specific root length, root tissue density, root carbon content, root nitrogen content, and root phosphorus content.

[0061] Fine roots from various Chinese fir provenances were obtained using an excavation method. After locating the taproot, 3-5 intact root systems were removed, and viable fine roots with a diameter ≤2 mm were selected for root system functional trait determination. Morphological characteristics of different diameter classes were measured using the WinRhizo2009 root scanning system. The measured indicators included root length (…). ), root surface area ( ), root system volume ( The root samples were dried to constant weight using an oven (70℃) and then balanced using an electronic balance (accuracy 0.001). Weigh out the dry weight ( ).

[0062] ;

[0063] ;

[0064] ;

[0065] In the formula, For longer than the root, ; Specific surface area ; For root tissue density, ; Root length ; Root surface area ; Let V be the volume of the root system. ; This represents the dry weight of the root sample. .

[0066] The root carbon content was measured according to the method for determining leaf element content. ), root nitrogen content ( ) and root phosphorus content ( ).

[0067] Further implementation involves hydraulic properties including: water potential, xylem diameter distribution, xylem density, theoretical hydraulic conductivity, and leaf hydraulic vulnerability (P). 50 The parameters include: daily water consumption per plant, sap flow start-up time, peak value, afternoon attenuation degree, and nighttime sap flow ratio.

[0068] On typical sunny days, dew point water potential meters (PSYPRO, USA) were used to measure the leaf water potential at dawn and noon. Three sample trees were selected for each cedar species. Well-developed leafy branches from the upper and middle parts of the crown were randomly collected using high-branch shears and quickly placed in a refrigerated bag before being brought back to the laboratory for measurement. During measurement, the leaves were cut to the same size as the sample chamber (C-52) using a sharp knife. The leaf water potential was recorded after the measurements reached equilibrium. Each sample was measured three times, and the average value was taken as the water potential value for that sample.

[0069] Growth cores or twig samples were taken from the standard tree diameter at breast height (DBH), sections were prepared, and the vessel diameter distribution, vessel density, and theoretical hydraulic conductivity were determined using microscopic image analysis software. The study also included the xylem embolism vulnerability curve (estimated P50 value). Provenances with a high proportion of small vessels and a more negative P50 value typically exhibit stronger drought resistance.

[0070] During typical weather conditions in the growing season, a thermal diffusion sap flow meter was used to continuously monitor the sap flow rate of a representative individual tree. Key parameters were extracted: daily water consumption per tree ( The parameters include sap flow initiation time, peak value, afternoon attenuation, and nighttime sap flow proportion. These parameters directly reflect the daily water consumption pattern of the seed source, its responsiveness to transpiration demand, and its hydraulic redistribution potential.

[0071] A further implementation involves, in S2, the method for constructing a water-carbon efficiency strategy map, which includes:

[0072] S21. Form a multidimensional matrix of leaf traits, wood traits, root traits, and hydraulic traits and standardize it. Then perform principal component analysis to obtain the first principal component and the second principal component.

[0073] S22. Based on the first and second principal components as coordinate axes, project each Chinese fir seed source onto a two-dimensional map to obtain a water and carbon efficiency strategy map.

[0074] The coordinate axes include: a hydraulic safety-effect axis and a water-carbon balance axis; the hydraulic safety-effect axis integrates xylem P50 and theoretical hydraulic conductivity. The weighted average of wood density, tracheid diameter, tracheid density, and potential hydraulic conductivity ratio are considered. The positive end represents "high safety - low efficiency" (e.g., small vessels, high density, drought-tolerant but slow-growing), while the negative end represents "high risk - high efficiency" (large vessels, low density, rapid growth but prone to embolism). The water-carbon balance axis integrates the values ​​derived from leaf δ... 13 Long-term water use efficiency calculated by C ( Daily water consumption per plant ( Afternoon attenuation degree (drought resistance behavior), specific leaf area ( ), pre-dawn water potential. The positive end represents "water-saving and high-efficiency" (high δ) 13 C. Low water consumption, significant afternoon attenuation), the negative end represents "luxury water consumption type" (low δ). 13 C. High water consumption).

[0075] A water-carbon efficiency strategy map was created: with axis 1 as the horizontal axis and axis 2 as the vertical axis, all seed sources were located in four quadrants (quadrant 1: high safety - water-saving and high efficiency type; quadrant 2: high safety - extravagant water consumption type; quadrant 3: low safety - extravagant water consumption type; quadrant 4: low safety - water-saving and high efficiency type), and precise decisions were made based on the water-carbon efficiency strategy map.

[0076] 1. Screening and configuration of superior seed sources in extremely arid areas.

[0077] Target area: Regions experiencing severe seasonal drought and water scarcity.

[0078] Target quadrant: Prioritize the seed sources in the first quadrant.

[0079] Final selection: Within this quadrant, compare the growth rate and nighttime sap flow ratio (indicating hydraulic redistribution potential) of the seed sources, and select 1-2 seed sources that are optimal overall. These seed sources are structurally safe, water-saving in behavior, and have high long-term carbon sequestration efficiency.

[0080] 2. Screening and configuration of high carbon sink seed sources in water-rich areas.

[0081] Target area: Carbon sequestration afforestation areas with good water conditions.

[0082] Strategy: Fast-growing seed sources in the fourth quadrant can be selected as the main seed sources to achieve rapid carbon accumulation. At the same time, in order to enhance community stability and optimize water use, 10%-20% of seed sources in the first quadrant can be mixed as "water conservation tree species".

[0083] Configuration basis: The time misalignment of water consumption peaks revealed by liquid flow data can be further used to design seed source combinations that can smooth out daily water consumption peaks and reduce the instantaneous pressure on regional water resources.

[0084] Example 2:

[0085] This embodiment uses seed sources from certain regions to illustrate the method of the present invention.

[0086] Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed by integrating functional traits of leaves, roots, and xylem to explain the resource utilization strategies of different Chinese fir provenances based on functional traits from the perspective of the water and carbon efficiency strategy spectrum of the whole plant. The explanatory power of the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal component (PC2) were 23.1% and 18.6%, respectively. The degree of contribution of each trait is shown in Table 1. On the PC1 axis, which has a larger contribution rate, , and It is positively correlated with PC1 and has a large load factor. , , PC2 and , Positively correlated with , It shows a negative correlation.

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089] Principal component analysis results of whole plant functional traits from different provenances are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the PC1 axis, along which the contribution rate of traits is relatively large, can be used to verify whether different Chinese fir provenances have undergone differentiation in the water and carbon efficiency strategy spectrum of whole-tree traits. From left to right, , , , It shows a decreasing trend, while , , , , , The characteristics are gradually increased. The Fujian Jian'ou (FJjo) and Guizhou Jiangkou (GZjk) provenances are located in the positive region of the PC1 axis, and these provenances exhibit higher leaf characteristics. , It has high root characteristics , , These traits represent the increased resource acquisition capacity of germplasm from both above-ground and below-ground dimensions, indicating that these germplasm sources are "rapid investment-return" types. Germplasm sources such as Jiangxi Fenyi (JXfy) and Anhui Taihu (AHth) exhibit higher [various characteristics]. , lower , , , This indicates that these germplasm sources tend to adopt a "slow investment-resource conservative" strategy.

[0090] By combining traits of leaves, roots, and stems, multidimensional economic strategies are formed along resource gradients such as light, water, and nutrients. Different seed sources thus exhibit differences in specific productivity formation and water use mechanisms. Based on the water consumption and radial growth of various seed sources, combined with... The characteristics and water-carbon efficiency strategy spectrum information were compared with the local seed source (Fenyi, Jiangxi Province), and the various sources were summarized into the following four types: "low water consumption, high growth", "high water consumption, low growth", "high water consumption, high growth" and "low water consumption, low growth", as shown in Table 2.

[0091] Table 2

[0092]

[0093] The water use efficiency regulation mechanisms differ among different seed sources, mainly reflected in the trade-offs between leaf structure, root distribution, xylem characteristics, and metabolic strategies. Stomatal behavior determines the balance between short-term water loss and carbon acquisition, leaf structure and enzyme activity regulate light energy conversion efficiency, while root morphology and absorption capacity affect the spatial and temporal range of water acquisition.

[0094] The HByc provenance lies on the negative axis of the PC1 axis of the water and carbon efficiency strategy spectrum, belonging to a "slow investment-conservative" strategy. Its average annual water consumption ranks third among all provenances, while it has the highest water use efficiency per plant. It also exhibits high leaf tissue density and specific leaf area, along with moderate wood density, indicating a compact leaf structure and large photosynthetic area. Furthermore, it has the highest tracheid density, enabling rapid stomatal regulation to adapt to changing climatic conditions and ensure hydraulic safety. The FJjo provenance lies on the positive axis of the PC1 axis of the water and carbon efficiency strategy spectrum, belonging to a "rapid investment-profit" strategy. It has the highest water consumption but lower water use efficiency. It possesses a high SLA and well-developed fine roots (…). and The high transpiration rate (high density) indicates that in the water-rich Dagangshan homogeneous orchard, it can rapidly grow and seize resources through the combination of the above traits. However, its high transpiration rate suggests that this type of provenance may be insensitive to water signals. It is suitable for survival in the current humid environment with abundant rainfall, but its long-term carbon processes and efficiency are easily affected in future climate scenarios with frequent short-term droughts. The SCnj provenance has high leaf tissue density and dry matter content, and The value ranked second, indicating that its leaves are thick and have a high chlorophyll content, which can improve CO2 diffusion efficiency by increasing the density of mesophyll cells, while reducing transpiration surface area. The trait combination of this source helps to reduce transpiration and improve photosynthetic capacity. In addition, the moderate tracheid diameter and tracheid density reflect the trade-off between water transport efficiency and safety, supporting the improvement of long-term water use efficiency.

[0095] The HNzx germplasm is located at the "slow investment-conservative" end of the water and carbon efficiency strategy spectrum, with moderate water consumption and water use efficiency. Its high leaf dry matter content and root tissue density also confirm its strategy of investing more carbon in organs to improve survival ability. This strategy may be more advantageous in resource-limited environments.

[0096] The GZjk provenance lies on the positive PC1 axis of the water-carbon efficiency strategy spectrum, indicating a "rapid investment-return" strategy. However, long-term observations using trunk sap flow monitoring and radial growth meters revealed that it exhibits the lowest water consumption and radial growth, but the highest water use efficiency characterized by carbon isotope analysis. This provenance possesses relatively high [potential / potential]. , and This indicates that it has a strong ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, can store a large amount of water in the xylem, and can adjust its water use strategy in a timely manner according to environmental changes; this species source The high water content indicates rapid stomatal opening and closing, and the maintenance of photosynthetic structural stability through high leaf tissue density. This type of provenance may possess a highly efficient response to the abscisic acid signaling pathway, enabling rapid stomatal regulation under drought conditions and a strong ability to cope with variable weather. YNzx ranks second to last in water consumption among all provenances, placing it at the "slow investment-conservative" end of the water-carbon efficiency strategy spectrum. Its high root element content but low leaf element content reflects its long-term investment in root structure and metabolic activity, but insufficient leaf investment leads to a photosynthetic "bottleneck," forming a trade-off between root redundancy and leaf limitation. JXfy also ranks second to last in water consumption among all provenances, placing it at the "slow investment-conservative" end of the water-carbon efficiency strategy spectrum, and exhibits low water content. and higher , and This indicates that it uses more dry matter to thicken leaves and dense roots rather than for growth, while its lowest... and The limited proton pump activity and ion transport resulted in weak root absorption of water and nutrients. The GXll progeny had the lowest leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content, but the low nutrient level in the experimental site may have limited the activity of Rubisco enzymes and ATP synthases, resulting in incomplete release of photosynthetic potential. Such progeny may rely on the carbon reserves of non-photosynthetic organs for survival rather than through efficient photosynthesis, thus exhibiting lower water consumption and growth.

[0097] Both the AHth and ZJaj germplasms have high [quality / value]. However, it has a lower root length and root surface area, and is a "slow investment-conservative" source in the water and carbon efficiency strategy spectrum. It has a higher tracheid diameter and hydraulic diameter, and its water consumption is higher under the drive of water potential difference and stomatal regulation. However, the imbalance of stomatal regulation leads to water loss far exceeding carbon gain. Its resource allocation strategy is biased towards survival defense and sacrifices growth potential.

[0098] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a database of functional traits of Chinese fir germplasm based on leaf, wood, root, and hydraulic characteristics of different seed sources; The leaf characteristics include: specific leaf area, leaf tissue density, leaf dry matter content, equivalent water thickness, chlorophyll value, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, and δ. 13 C content; The root traits include: specific root surface area, specific root length, root tissue density, root carbon content, root nitrogen content, and root phosphorus content; The wood properties include: wood density; The hydraulic properties include: water potential value, pipe diameter distribution, pipe density, theoretical hydraulic conductivity, and P. 50 Value, daily water consumption per plant, sap flow start time, peak value, afternoon attenuation degree, and nighttime sap flow ratio; S2. Construct a water and carbon efficiency strategy map based on the aforementioned germplasm functional trait database, and select and configure Chinese fir trees in different regions based on the water and carbon efficiency strategy map. The method for constructing the water-carbon efficiency strategy map includes: S21. The leaf characteristics, wood characteristics, root characteristics and hydraulic characteristics are standardized, and then principal component analysis is performed to obtain the first principal component and the second principal component. S22. Based on the first principal component and the second principal component as coordinate axes, project each Chinese fir seed source onto a two-dimensional map to obtain the water and carbon efficiency strategy map.

2. The method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for calculating the specific leaf area includes: ； The method for calculating the leaf tissue density includes: ； The method for calculating the leaf dry matter content includes: ； The method for calculating the equivalent water thickness includes: ； In the formula, Indicates specific leaf area; Indicates leaf area; Indicates the dry weight of the blade; Indicates leaf tissue density; Indicates blade thickness; Indicates the dry matter content of the leaves; Indicates the saturated fresh weight of the leaves; Indicates the equivalent water thickness.

3. The method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for calculating the root length includes: ； The method for calculating the specific surface area includes: ； The method for calculating the root tissue density includes: ； In the formula, It is longer than the root; Specific surface area; Root tissue density; Root length; This represents the root surface area. The volume of the root system; This represents the dry weight of the root sample.

4. The method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for calculating the density of the wood includes: ； In the formula, Indicates wood density; This indicates the dry weight after radial drying; This indicates the radial volume.

5. The method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coordinate axes include: the hydraulic safety-effect axis and the water-carbon tradeoff axis; The hydraulic safety-effect axis integrates xylem P 50 Theoretical hydraulic conductivity, wood density, weighted average of tracheid diameter, tracheid density, and potential hydraulic conductivity ratio; The water-carbon balance axis integrates the values ​​derived from the blade δ 13 C calculates long-term water use efficiency, daily water consumption per plant, afternoon attenuation, specific leaf area, and pre-dawn leaf water potential.

6. The method for breeding and configuring Chinese fir seed sources that integrates hydraulic structure and resource utilization efficiency according to claim 5, characterized in that, The coordinate axes divide the water-carbon efficiency strategy map into four quadrants: the first quadrant is high safety-water-saving and high efficiency type; the second quadrant is high safety-luxury water consumption type; the third quadrant is low safety-luxury water consumption type; and the fourth quadrant is low safety-water-saving and high efficiency type.

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