A high-strength bolt integrated machining turning and milling machine

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-strength bolt integrated milling and turning machine, relating to the field of metal cutting machine tool technology. It includes a base; a three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly fixed to one end of the base; two Z-axis linear guides arranged longitudinally along the base; a machining assembly slidably mounted on the two Z-axis linear guides, comprising a turret slide, an X-axis guide, and a power turret; and an integrated design of a through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly, namely, the coaxial arrangement and functional decoupling design of the self-locking follow-up support unit, the hydraulic locking unit, and the mechanical clutch linkage unit. This achieves complete spatial separation between support clamping and tool machining path, adaptive bidirectional self-locking of cutting force, and rigid switching between follow-up and through-mode operation. It solves the core industry pain points of existing high-strength bolt integrated milling and turning machines, such as coupling of support and machining depth, loss of secondary clamping accuracy, difficulty in suppressing cutting chatter, and reliance on manual experience for changeover adjustments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal cutting machine tool technology, specifically to a milling and turning machine for integrated high-strength bolt processing. Background Technology

[0002] High-strength bolts are core fastening components in major equipment fields such as wind power, bridges, steel structures, high-speed rail, and aerospace. Their manufacturing precision and quality reliability are directly related to the structural safety and service life of the overall equipment.

[0003] With the trend of large-scale and high-load-bearing development of major equipment, higher requirements are placed on the processing accuracy, efficiency and integrated processing level of slender high-strength bolts. However, existing machine tools have not been able to overcome the physical interference problem between support and tool deflection in the integrated processing of this type of bolt, which seriously restricts the development of high-precision and high-efficiency manufacturing, and the core technology contradiction is prominent.

[0004] Firstly, the support and machining path form an irreconcilable dead loop within the same space. In heavy cutting conditions of high-strength alloy steel, the workpiece has a large overhang, necessitating radial support to suppress flexural deformation and cutting chatter. However, existing support solutions all have fatal flaws: the tailstock center completely obstructs the machining area at the bolt tail; the center rest and follower rest, with their encircling structure, similarly obstruct the machining of the support section and tail. This creates an inherent contradiction: support requires space, and tool clearance requires freeing up space, making it impossible to reconcile both within the same structure, forcing the industry to adopt a secondary clamping process.

[0005] Secondly, the common industry pain points of precision loss and low efficiency caused by secondary clamping are that the existing process mainly adopts the route of first supporting and processing the rod and head, then removing the support and clamping again to process the tail. The cumulative positioning error caused by secondary clamping is difficult to meet the precision requirements of high-strength bolts, resulting in a low product qualification rate. At the same time, the processing cycle of a single piece is significantly extended, and production efficiency is greatly limited.

[0006] More importantly, the existing support structure has inherent defects, and the industry has long held entrenched technical biases; traditional center supports and tool holders have poor self-centering capabilities, and the adjustment time is long when changing bolt specifications, making it difficult to adapt to the needs of flexible production; at the same time, the industry generally adheres to the technical bias that the support must block the tool, believing that a closed ring structure is the only way to ensure the rigidity of the support, and has not tried to set a through-type tool-delay channel in the center of the support mechanism.

[0007] In summary, the core technological bottleneck of existing machine tools lies in the inability to simultaneously achieve high-rigidity radial support and unobstructed through-machining of slender rod high-strength bolts in a single clamping operation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-strength bolt integrated machining turning and milling machine that achieves complete spatial separation of support clamping and tool machining path, adaptive bidirectional self-locking of cutting force, and rigid switching between follow-up and through-mode. It solves the core industry pain points of existing high-strength bolt integrated machining turning and milling machines, such as coupling of support and machining depth, loss of secondary clamping accuracy, difficulty in suppressing cutting chatter, and reliance on manual experience for changeover and debugging.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-strength bolt integrated machining turning and milling machine, including a base;

[0010] A three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly is fixed to one end of the base;

[0011] Two Z-axis linear guides are arranged longitudinally along the base;

[0012] The machining assembly is slidably mounted on the two Z-axis linear guides, and the machining assembly includes a turret slide, an X-axis guide, and a power turret.

[0013] And a through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly, which is slidably installed on the two Z-axis linear guides and located between the three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly and the turret slide;

[0014] The through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly includes a self-locking follow-up support unit, a hydraulic locking unit, and a mechanical clutch linkage unit;

[0015] The self-locking follower support unit is used to clamp the workpiece and form a through channel for the tool to pass through. The hydraulic locking unit is used to lock the self-locking follower support unit on the Z-axis linear guide. The mechanical clutch linkage unit is used to connect or separate the self-locking follower support unit from the turret slide, so as to realize full-process support and full-sequence machining in one clamping.

[0016] Preferably, the self-locking follow-up support unit includes a follow-up support base and a pressure cover bushing. The top of the follow-up support base is provided with an arc-shaped shallow groove, and a fixing bushing is interference-fitted in the arc-shaped shallow groove. The fixing bushing is pressed and fixed above by the pressure cover bushing.

[0017] Preferably, the inner hole of the fixed bushing has a double conical structure, forming two conical surfaces, with the large ends of the two conical surfaces facing the three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly and the turret slide, respectively.

[0018] Preferably, the fixing bushing is coaxially provided with multiple double-conical elastic claws, which are evenly distributed circumferentially. The outer circular surface of the claws is a double-conical surface that matches the conical surface, and the inner circular surface is a cylindrical surface.

[0019] Preferably, each of the double-conical elastic claws has an annular groove in the middle. After multiple double-conical elastic claws are closed, the annular grooves are assembled into a complete annular groove, and an annular disc spring assembly is installed in the annular groove.

[0020] Preferably, after the multiple double-conical elastic jaws are closed, a through hole is formed at the center, and the diameter of the through hole is larger than the maximum machining diameter of the bolt to be processed.

[0021] Preferably, it includes two fixed seats, two hydraulic locking devices, and two guide sleeves. The two fixed seats are symmetrically installed on one side of the outer wall of the follower support seat. Each fixed seat is equipped with one hydraulic locking device. The telescopic end of each hydraulic locking device is connected to a locking block through each guide sleeve. The end face of each locking block is provided with a groove that matches the side of the Z-axis linear guide rail.

[0022] Preferably, the mechanical clutch linkage unit includes an electric push rod installed on the side of the follower support facing the turret slide. The telescopic end of the electric push rod is connected to a rigid clutch pin. The rigid clutch pin passes through a flange fixed to the end face of the follower support. A return spring is sleeved on the outside of the rigid clutch pin. The corresponding end face of the turret slide has a positioning hole that matches the front end of the rigid clutch pin.

[0023] Preferably, the rigid clutch pin is provided with an annular step, and the return spring is sleeved outside the rigid clutch pin, with its two ends abutting against the annular step and the flange, respectively.

[0024] Preferably, the X-axis guide rail is fixed to the turret slide, and the power turret is slidably mounted on the X-axis guide rail via a slider to achieve radial feed. A displacement sensor is installed on one side of the electric push rod to detect the extension and retraction position of the rigid clutch pin.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] In this invention, the integrated design of the through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support component, namely the coaxial arrangement and functional decoupling design of the self-locking follow-up support unit, the hydraulic locking unit and the mechanical clutch linkage unit, realizes the complete spatial separation of support clamping and tool machining path, cutting force adaptive bidirectional self-locking and rigid switching between follow-up and through-mode, and solves the core industry pain points in existing high-strength bolt integrated machining turning and milling machines, such as the coupling of support and machining depth, loss of secondary clamping accuracy, difficulty in suppressing cutting chatter, and reliance on manual experience for changeover and debugging;

[0027] Firstly, the self-locking follow-up support unit adopts a mating structure of a fixed bushing and a double-conical elastic jaw. The inner hole of the fixed bushing has a conical surface, and the outer circular surface of the double-conical elastic jaw is a front and rear double conical surface that matches the conical surface. An annular disc spring assembly is installed in the annular groove in the middle of the double-conical elastic jaw, which can automatically close and clamp the workpiece rod without any external drive, achieving self-centering clamping. When heavy cutting generates axial force, regardless of whether the force direction is towards the spindle side or the turret side, the corresponding conical surface will generate a wedge-tightening effect. The greater the cutting force, the radial clamping force automatically increases synchronously, forming a two-way self-locking, breaking the industry's inherent technical prejudice that the existing center frame needs to rely on hydraulic or pneumatic pressure to maintain the clamping force. At the same time, after the double-conical elastic jaw closes, a through hole is formed in the center that is completely open from front to back. The inner diameter of this through hole is larger than the maximum machining diameter of the bolt, reserving complete space for the tool to pass through the machining tail, fundamentally realizing the physical coexistence of support and tool deflection in the same structure.

[0028] Secondly, the hydraulic locking unit adopts a double locking device structure symmetrically arranged on both sides of the follower support. Each hydraulic locking device is fixed by a fixed seat and has a locking block at the front end that matches the side of the guide rail. The movement of the locking block is guided by the guide sleeve, which can rigidly lock the follower support to the Z-axis linear guide rail after the follower support moves to the target position. This symmetrical locking method eliminates the overturning moment caused by single-sided locking, which greatly improves the static rigidity of the support under heavy cutting conditions. It eliminates micro-displacement and cutting chatter caused by uneven locking force from the root, and ensures the stability of the cylindricity of the bolt shank and the accuracy of the thread profile.

[0029] Meanwhile, the mechanical clutch linkage unit adopts a purely mechanical pin-hole mating structure. The rigid clutch pin is driven by an electric push rod to extend and achieve a hard connection with the positioning hole on the left end face of the turret slide. The return spring is sleeved between the annular step of the rigid clutch pin and the flange to ensure that the rigid clutch pin retracts under normal conditions. The displacement sensor monitors its position status in real time. This design enables the self-locking follow-up support unit and the turret slide to form an absolutely rigid whole in the tool-following mode, realizing the full-stroke synchronous movement of the cutting point and the support point, eliminating the lag error of the electric tool-following mode. In the through mode, the two separate, the self-locking follow-up support unit locks, and the turret slide moves independently through the through hole to complete the tail machining. This takes into account both the process requirements of full-stroke tool-following support and tail-end unobstructed machining, breaking the long-standing technical prejudice in this field that the support must obstruct the tool path.

[0030] This through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly can significantly improve the machining accuracy and product qualification rate of slender high-strength bolts, eliminate the cumulative positioning error caused by secondary clamping, and ensure the coaxiality accuracy of the rod, head, and tail features in a single clamping. At the same time, it greatly shortens the changeover and debugging time, and can adapt to bolts of different specifications without replacing the support components, effectively improving the equipment's flexible production capacity and trouble-free operation time. In addition, the self-centering clamping and locking design of the pure mechanical structure completely eliminates the dependence on complex hydraulic and pneumatic drive systems, significantly reducing production and maintenance costs and failure rates, and providing reliable technical support for the development of high-strength bolt manufacturing towards high precision, high efficiency, and high flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the main structure in this invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a side view of the three-dimensional structure in this invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of the through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly in this invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the self-locking follow-up support unit and the hydraulic locking unit in this invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of the self-locking follower support unit in this invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the fixed bushing, the pressure bushing, and the conical surface in this invention;

[0037] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged detail image of point A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of the mechanical clutch linkage unit in this invention;

[0039] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle.

[0040] In the diagram: 100, base; 200, three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly; 300, Z-axis linear guide; 400, through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly; 401, self-locking follower support unit; 4011, follower support seat; 4012, arc-shaped shallow groove; 4013, fixed bushing; 4014, pressure cap bushing; 4015, conical surface; 4016, double-conical elastic jaws; 4017, annular disc spring assembly; 4018, through hole; 402 4021. Hydraulic locking unit; 4022. Fixed base; 4023. Hydraulic locking device; 4024. Guide sleeve; 4025. Locking block; 403. Mechanical clutch linkage unit; 4031. Electric push rod; 4032. Displacement sensor; 4033. Rigid clutch pin; 4034. Annular step; 4035. Flange; 4036. Return spring; 500. Machining assembly; 501. Turret slide; 502. X-axis guide rail; 503. Power turret. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a high-strength bolt integrated machining turning and milling machine, including a base 100;

[0043] The three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly 200 is fixed to one end of the base 100;

[0044] Two Z-axis linear guides 300 are set longitudinally along the base 100;

[0045] The machining component 500 is slidably mounted on two Z-axis linear guides 300. The machining component 500 includes a turret slide 501, an X-axis guide 502, and a power turret 503.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure functions as follows: the base 100 serves as the load-bearing foundation of the entire machine, providing a stable installation reference and rigid support for each component; the three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly 200 is fixed to one end of the base 100, used to clamp the left end of the high-strength bolt blank and transmit the rotational power of the spindle; its hydraulic drive can achieve stable clamping of large-diameter bolts; two Z-axis linear guides 300 are arranged parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction of the base 100, providing a high-precision guiding reference for the processing assembly 500 and subsequent support components, ensuring the stability of each moving part. The parts move along the same axis, ensuring the geometric accuracy of the machine tool from a mechanical structure perspective. In the machining assembly 500, the turret slide 501, as a moving carrier, can slide along the Z-axis direction. The X-axis guide rail 502 is fixed to the top of the turret slide 501. The power turret 503 is mounted on the X-axis guide rail 502 via a slider. This layout enables the power turret 503 to have both longitudinal feed capability in the Z-axis direction and radial feed capability in the X-axis direction, meeting the needs of tool movement for various processes such as external turning, thread machining, end face turning, and milling.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 is slidably mounted on two Z-axis linear guides 300 and located between the three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly 200 and the turret slide table 501.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure serves as a core innovative component. The through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 is independently arranged between the spindle end and the turret end. It can be freely adjusted on the Z-axis linear guide 300 to accommodate bolts of different lengths and specifications, and can also provide crucial mid-to-rear radial support for slender rod workpieces during machining. This positional layout allows it to support the workpiece rod while reserving complete space for the tool to pass through the machining tail through its central through-channel. From a spatial layout perspective, it achieves the physical coexistence of support and tool clearance, breaking the technical bias that traditional support structures inevitably obstruct the tool path.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly 400 includes a self-locking follow-up support unit 401, a hydraulic locking unit 402, and a mechanical clutch linkage unit 403;

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure integrates the three major functions of support, locking, and clutching into a coaxially arranged integral component, with each unit having a clear division of labor and working collaboratively. The self-locking follow-up support unit 401 undertakes the radial support and self-centering clamping functions of the workpiece, and its double-conical structure realizes bidirectional locking that adapts to cutting force. The hydraulic locking unit 402 is responsible for rigidly locking the entire through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly 400 onto the Z-axis linear guide rail 300, providing an absolutely rigid foundation without displacement for heavy cutting. The mechanical clutch linkage unit 403 realizes the dynamic connection and separation between the through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly 400 and the turret slide 501, so that the through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly 400 moves synchronously with the turret in the tool-following mode and locks independently in the through mode. The three units are coaxially integrated, with a compact structure and decoupled functions, solving the contradiction of not being able to balance support rigidity, tool-following synchronization, and tail-end machining accessibility in the prior art from a design perspective.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the self-locking follower support unit 401 is used to clamp the workpiece and form a through channel for the tool to pass through. The hydraulic locking unit 402 is used to lock the self-locking follower support unit 401 on the Z-axis linear guide rail 300. The mechanical clutch linkage unit 403 is used to connect or separate the self-locking follower support unit 401 from the tool turret slide 501, so as to realize full-process support and full-sequence machining in one clamping.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure functions to construct a complete support, locking, and clutch process system through the coordinated operation of three units. When machining the rod and head, the mechanical clutch linkage unit 403 connects the through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly 400 to the turret slide 501 as a single unit. The through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly 400 moves synchronously with the turret to achieve tool-following support, while the hydraulic locking unit 402 remains in a released state. When machining the tail section, the mechanical clutch linkage unit 403 disengages, and the hydraulic locking unit... Yuan 402 immediately locks the through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 to the Z-axis linear guide 300. The through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 continues to hold the workpiece rod to provide rigid support, while the turret slide 501 drives the tool to move independently, passing through the through channel in the center of the through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 to reach the tail of the workpiece for processing. This working mode achieves the technical goal of one-time clamping, full-process support, and full-sequence completion from the process level, thereby eliminating the accuracy loss and efficiency waste caused by secondary clamping.

[0053] like Figure 4 as well as Figure 6As shown, the self-locking follower support unit 401 includes a follower support base 4011 and a pressure cover bushing 4014. The top of the follower support base 4011 is provided with an arc-shaped shallow groove 4012. A fixing bushing 4013 is interference-fitted in the arc-shaped shallow groove 4012. The fixing bushing 4013 is pressed and fixed above by the pressure cover bushing 4014.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure serves as follows: the follower support 4011 acts as the base of the self-locking follower support unit 401, and its bottom is connected to the Z-axis linear guide 300 via a slider to achieve overall sliding function; the arc-shaped shallow groove 4012 at the top adopts a semi-open structure design, which facilitates the precise positioning and installation of the fixed bushing 4013; the fixed bushing 4013 is embedded in the arc-shaped shallow groove 4012 with an interference fit, and the mating surface generates a pre-tightening force to ensure that the fixed bushing 4013 does not loosen when subjected to heavy cutting loads; the pressure cover bushing 4014 presses the fixed bushing 4013 from above, forming an upper and lower embracing structure with the arc-shaped shallow groove 4012, completely enclosing the fixed bushing 4013 inside the follower support 4011, which not only ensures the axial and radial positioning accuracy of the fixed bushing 4013, but also gives the entire assembly good impact and vibration resistance. At the same time, this split structure facilitates the replacement of vulnerable parts during later maintenance.

[0055] like Figures 6-7 As shown, the inner hole of the fixed bushing 4013 has a double conical structure, forming two conical surfaces 4015 at the front and rear. The large ends of the two conical surfaces 4015 face towards the three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly 200 and the turret slide 501, respectively.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the function of this structure is that the inner hole of the fixed bushing 4013 adopts a double-conical surface design, with the large ends of the two conical surfaces pointing towards the spindle side and the turret side respectively, forming a symmetrical structure that is thin in the middle and thick at both ends. This special geometric configuration is the core basis for realizing the bidirectional self-locking function. When the double-conical elastic jaw 4016 moves axially inside, its outer conical surface slides relative to the inner conical surface of the fixed bushing 4013, and the conical angle converts the axial displacement into radial contraction or opening motion. More importantly, when the direction of the cutting force changes, regardless of whether the workpiece is subjected to a tensile force towards the spindle direction or a thrust towards the turret direction, the corresponding conical surface will generate a wedge-tightening effect. The greater the force, the stronger the wedge-tightening force, thereby realizing bidirectional locking that adapts to the cutting force, changing the traditional technical path of the center rest relying on external power to maintain the clamping force.

[0057] like Figure 7 As shown, multiple double-conical elastic claws 4016 are coaxially arranged inside the fixed bushing 4013. The multiple double-conical elastic claws 4016 are evenly distributed in the circumference. Their outer circular surface is a double-conical surface that matches the conical surface 4015, and their inner circular surface is a cylindrical surface.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure functions as follows: three double-conical elastic claws 4016 are evenly distributed along the circumference at 120 degrees, forming a radially expandable clamping ring. The outer surface of each double-conical elastic claw 4016 is precisely machined to fit completely against the inner conical surface of the fixed bushing 4013, ensuring that the outer conical surface of the double-conical elastic claw 4016 always maintains line contact with the inner conical surface of the fixed bushing 4013, regardless of the axial position of the double-conical elastic claw 4016. This design ensures both the guiding accuracy of the double-conical elastic claw 4016 during sliding and the wedge clamping effect. The inner surface of the double-conical elastic claw 4016 is cylindrical. After the three double-conical elastic claws 4016 are closed, they form a complete through hole 4018, which forms a surface contact clamping with the outer surface of the bolt shank. Compared with point contact or line contact, surface contact can significantly reduce the risk of indentation on the workpiece surface, while improving clamping stability and rigidity.

[0059] like Figure 5 as well as Figure 7 As shown, each double-conical elastic claw 4016 has an annular groove in the middle. After multiple double-conical elastic claws 4016 are closed, the annular grooves are assembled into a complete annular groove. An annular disc spring assembly 4017 is installed in the annular groove.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, the function of this structure is that the annular groove design in the middle of the double-conical elastic claw 4016 is the basis for the installation of the annular disc spring assembly 4017. After the three double-conical elastic claws 4016 are closed, their respective annular grooves are spliced ​​together to form a complete annular groove. The annular disc spring assembly 4017 adopts an open ring structure. When installed, it is compressed and inserted into the annular groove. Relying on its own elasticity, it expands outward and applies a uniform radial preload to the three double-conical elastic claws 4016 at the same time. This preload ensures that the outer conical surface of the claw is always in close contact with the inner conical surface of the fixing bushing 4013, eliminating the fit gap between the two and ensuring that the double-conical elastic claws 4016 are in contact with the bushing in the no-load state. When the workpiece is loaded, the preload of the annular disc spring assembly 4017 pushes the double-conical elastic claws 4016 to automatically close and hug the workpiece rod, realizing self-centering clamping without any external drive or manual adjustment, which greatly improves clamping efficiency and consistency.

[0061] like Figure 7 As shown, after multiple double-conical elastic jaws 4016 are closed, a through hole 4018 is formed in the center, which runs through the front and back. The diameter of the through hole 4018 is larger than the maximum machining diameter of the bolt to be processed.

[0062] In this embodiment of the invention, the function of this structure is that the through hole 4018 is the core structural feature for realizing the through-processing function of the invention. When the three double-conical elastic jaws 4016 close to clamp the workpiece rod, their inner cylindrical surfaces naturally form a complete circular hole. This hole is completely through from front to back, and its diameter is designed to be larger than the bolt head diameter and the major diameter of the thread, ensuring that the tool can pass through the hole without obstruction, regardless of the bolt specification being processed. This structure fundamentally solves the inherent contradiction that traditional support structures must block the tool path. The support function is undertaken by the double-conical elastic jaws 4016, and the tool path is provided by the through hole 4018. The two do not interfere with each other and coexist physically in the same space, preserving a complete tool movement space for tail processing.

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown, it includes two fixed seats 4021, two hydraulic locking devices 4022, and two guide sleeves 4023. The two fixed seats 4021 are symmetrically installed on one side of the outer wall of the follower support 4011. Each fixed seat 4021 is equipped with a hydraulic locking device 4022. The telescopic end of each hydraulic locking device 4022 is connected to a locking block 4024 through each guide sleeve 4023. The end face of each locking block 4024 is provided with a groove that matches the side of the Z-axis linear guide 300.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure functions as follows: two hydraulic locking devices 4022 are symmetrically arranged on one side of the follower support 4011, each corresponding to a Z-axis linear guide rail 300. When locking is required, the two hydraulic locking devices 4022 move synchronously, extending towards their respective Z-axis linear guide rails 300, pushing the locking block 4024 to precisely fit against the side of the corresponding Z-axis linear guide rail 300, clamping the two Z-axis linear guide rails 300 simultaneously from both the front and rear sides. This one-to-one symmetrical locking method utilizes the support characteristics of the two guide rails to form a bidirectional constraint, and completely eliminates the overturning moment that is inevitably generated by unilateral locking, so that the locking force is evenly applied to both ends of the follower support 4011, ensuring that the follower support 4011 does not deflect, micro-displace, or tilt under heavy cutting conditions. The guide sleeve 4023 precisely guides the movement trajectory of the locking block 4024, preventing it from deviating and causing uneven contact of the locking surface and locking failure.

[0065] like Figure 8 As shown, the mechanical clutch linkage unit 403 includes an electric push rod 4031 installed on the side of the follower support 4011 facing the turret slide 501. The telescopic end of the electric push rod 4031 is connected to a rigid clutch pin 4033. The rigid clutch pin 4033 passes through a flange 4035 fixed to the end face of the follower support 4011. A return spring 4036 is sleeved on the outside of the rigid clutch pin 4033. The corresponding end face of the turret slide 501 is provided with a positioning hole that matches the front end of the rigid clutch pin 4033.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure functions as follows: the mechanical clutch linkage unit 403 uses a purely mechanical pin-hole mating structure to connect and separate the through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 from the turret slide 501; the electric push rod 4031 serves as a power source, pushing the rigid clutch pin 4033 forward and inserting it into the positioning hole on the end face of the turret slide 501, forming a gapless hard connection. At this time, the through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 and the turret slide 501 are integrated, achieving absolute synchronous movement in the tool-following mode; the return spring 4036 is sleeved on the outside of the rigid clutch pin 4033, keeping the pin in a retracted state under normal conditions. When the electric push rod 4031 is de-energized or separation is required, the spring force automatically pulls the pin back, achieving mechanical disengagement; the flange 4035 serves as both a guide sleeve for the rigid clutch pin 4033 and a support end cap for the spring, while also sealing the mounting cavity to prevent chip intrusion.

[0067] like Figures 8-9 As shown, the rigid clutch pin 4033 is provided with an annular step 4034, and the return spring 4036 is sleeved on the outside of the rigid clutch pin 4033, with its two ends abutting against the annular step 4034 and the flange 4035 respectively.

[0068] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure functions as follows: the annular step 4034, the return spring 4036, and the flange 4035 together constitute a spring return mechanism. When the electric push rod 4031 pushes the rigid clutch pin 4033 to extend, the annular step 4034 compresses the return spring 4036, and the return spring 4036 stores elastic potential energy. When the electric push rod 4031 retracts, the return spring 4036 releases its potential energy, pushing the annular step 4034 to rapidly retract the entire rigid clutch pin 4033, ensuring that the rigid clutch pin 4033 is completely disengaged from the positioning hole. This reset method with a built-in return spring 4036 is compact, responds quickly, requires no additional control components, and has high reliability. At the same time, the cooperation between the annular step 4034 and the flange 4035 also plays a limiting role, preventing the rigid clutch pin 4033 from excessively extending or retracting and thus disengaging from the guide range.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the X-axis guide rail 502 is fixed on the turret slide 501, and the power turret 503 is slidably mounted on the X-axis guide rail 502 via a slider to achieve radial feed. Figure 9 As shown, a displacement sensor 4032 is installed on one side of the electric push rod 4031 to detect the extension and retraction position of the rigid clutch pin 4033.

[0070] In this embodiment of the invention, the structure functions as follows: the cooperation between the X-axis guide rail 502 and the slider provides precise radial feed guidance for the power turret 503, enabling the tool to accurately control the cutting depth and meet the radial dimensional accuracy requirements of processes such as external turning and thread machining; the displacement sensor 4032 can monitor the extension and retraction state of the rigid clutch pin 4033 in real time and feed the position signal back to the CNC system, which then determines whether it is in the following mode or the through mode and controls the execution of the corresponding machining program; this closed-loop control mechanism avoids the risk of misoperation, ensures the safety and reliability of mode switching, and provides a signal interface for automated production.

[0071] In use, this device is put into operation along with the production line after assembly. Before processing begins, the operator adjusts the initial position of the through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 on the Z-axis linear guide 300 according to the specifications of the bolt to be processed, so that it is in the middle and rear region of the bolt shank. Then, the high-strength bolt blank is loaded into the machine tool, with its left end clamped by the three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly 200, and its right end passing through the through hole 4018 of the self-locking follower support unit 401. At this time, the preload of the annular disc spring assembly 4017 automatically pushes the double-conical elastic jaws 4016 to retract towards the middle along the conical surface 4015 of the fixed bushing 4013. The three jaws self-center and clamp the workpiece shank, without any manual adjustment. After centering and clamping are completed, the mechanical clutch linkage unit 403 is activated, and the electric push rod 4031 pushes the rigid clutch pin 4033 to extend and insert into the positioning hole on the end face of the turret slide 501. At this time, the displacement sensor 4032 detects that the pin is in place and sends a feedback signal, and the CNC system confirms that it has entered the tool-following mode; the hydraulic locking unit 402 remains in the loose state; after the machine tool starts, the power turret 503 adjusts its radial position along the X-axis guide rail 502 under the control of the CNC system. At the same time, the turret slide 501 moves along the Z-axis linear guide rail 300 to begin rough turning, finish turning, thread turning, and head milling of the bolt shank; during this process, the self-locking follow-up support unit 401 moves along with the turret slide 501. The machine moves step by step, with the support point always closely following the cutting point, effectively suppressing the deflection and chatter of slender rod workpieces. When heavy cutting generates axial force, regardless of whether the force direction is towards the spindle side or the turret side, the corresponding double conical surface generates a wedge-tightening effect. The greater the cutting force, the radial clamping force automatically and synchronously increases, achieving bidirectional self-locking and ensuring clamping rigidity. After completing the machining of the rod and head, the machine tool pauses, the CNC system issues a switching command, the electric push rod 4031 in the mechanical clutch linkage unit 403 retracts, the return spring 4036 pushes the rigid clutch pin 4033 out of the positioning hole, and the displacement sensor 4032 detects that the pin has retracted and sends a feedback signal. At this time, the hydraulic locking unit 402 is immediately activated, and the two hydraulic... The locking devices 4022 extend synchronously towards their respective Z-axis linear guides 300, pushing the locking blocks 4024 to precisely fit against the sides of the corresponding guides, clamping the two Z-axis linear guides 300 from both sides simultaneously, rigidly locking the self-locking follower support unit 401 in its current position, and continuing to maintain the clamping support for the workpiece rod; then the turret slide 501 drives the power turret 503 to move independently to the left, and the tool passes through the through hole 4018 in the center of the self-locking follower support unit 401, reaching the end face of the bolt, and sequentially completing all tail operations such as tail end face turning, external diameter finishing turning, chamfering, and center hole machining; throughout the entire process, the workpiece is always stably supported, without the need for secondary clamping or releasing the chucks;After all processes are completed, the spindle stops rotating, the two hydraulic locking devices 4022 retract synchronously, the locking block 4024 separates from the Z-axis linear guide 300, and the double-cone elastic pawl 4016 remains open under the action of the annular disc spring assembly 4017. The finished bolt is then removed, completing one processing cycle. When it is necessary to change to bolts of different specifications, only the position of the through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly 400 on the Z-axis linear guide 300 needs to be adjusted, without replacing any support components. This significantly shortens changeover time and effectively meets the flexible production needs of multiple varieties and small batches.

[0072] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A milling and turning machine for integrated machining of high-strength bolts, characterized in that, include: Base (100); A three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly (200) is fixed to one end of the base (100); Two Z-axis linear guides (300) are arranged longitudinally along the base (100); The machining assembly (500) is slidably mounted on the two Z-axis linear guides (300). The machining assembly (500) includes a turret slide (501), an X-axis guide (502), and a power turret (503). And a through-type bidirectional self-locking follower support assembly (400), which is slidably installed on the two Z-axis linear guides (300) and located between the three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly (200) and the turret slide (501); The through-type bidirectional self-locking follow-up support assembly (400) includes a self-locking follow-up support unit (401), a hydraulic locking unit (402), and a mechanical clutch linkage unit (403). The self-locking follower support unit (401) is used to clamp the workpiece and form a through channel for the tool to pass through. The hydraulic locking unit (402) is used to lock the self-locking follower support unit (401) onto the Z-axis linear guide (300). The mechanical clutch linkage unit (403) is used to connect or separate the self-locking follower support unit (401) from the turret slide (501). The self-locking follower support unit (401) includes a follower support base (4011) and a pressure cover bushing (4014). The follower support base (4011) has an arc-shaped shallow groove (4012) on its top. A fixed bushing (4013) is interference-fitted in the arc-shaped shallow groove (4012). The fixed bushing (4013) is pressed and fixed above by the pressure cover bushing (4014). The inner hole of the fixed bushing (4013) has a double conical structure, forming two conical surfaces (4015) at the front and rear. The large ends of the two conical surfaces (4015) face the three-jaw self-centering hydraulic chuck assembly (200) and the turret slide (501), respectively. The fixed bushing (4013) is coaxially provided with multiple double-conical elastic claws (4016), which are evenly distributed circumferentially. Their outer circular surface is a double-conical surface that matches the conical surface (4015), and their inner circular surface is a cylindrical surface. Each of the double-conical elastic claws (4016) has an annular groove in the middle. After multiple double-conical elastic claws (4016) are closed, the annular grooves are assembled into a complete annular groove. An annular disc spring assembly (4017) is installed in the annular groove. After the multiple double-conical elastic claws (4016) are closed, a through hole (4018) is formed in the center, and the diameter of the through hole (4018) is larger than the maximum machining diameter of the bolt to be processed. The hydraulic locking unit (402) includes two fixed seats (4021), two hydraulic locking devices (4022), and two guide sleeves (4023). The two fixed seats (4021) are symmetrically installed on one side of the outer wall of the follower support seat (4011). Each fixed seat (4021) is equipped with one hydraulic locking device (4022). The telescopic end of each hydraulic locking device (4022) is connected to a locking block (4024) through each guide sleeve (4023). The end face of each locking block (4024) is provided with a groove that matches the side of the Z-axis linear guide (300). The mechanical clutch linkage unit (403) includes an electric push rod (4031) installed on the side of the follower support (4011) facing the turret slide (501). The telescopic end of the electric push rod (4031) is connected to a rigid clutch pin (4033). The rigid clutch pin (4033) passes through a flange (4035) fixed to the end face of the follower support (4011). A return spring (4036) is sleeved on the outside of the rigid clutch pin (4033). The corresponding end face of the turret slide (501) is provided with a positioning hole that matches the front end of the rigid clutch pin (4033).

2. The high-strength bolt integrated machining turning and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid clutch pin (4033) is provided with an annular step (4034), and the return spring (4036) is sleeved on the outside of the rigid clutch pin (4033), with its two ends abutting against the annular step (4034) and the flange (4035) respectively.

3. The high-strength bolt integrated machining turning and milling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-axis guide rail (502) is fixed on the turret slide (501), and the power turret (503) is slidably mounted on the X-axis guide rail (502) via a slider to achieve radial feed. A displacement sensor (4032) is installed on one side of the electric push rod (4031) to detect the extension and retraction position of the rigid clutch pin (4033).

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