Automatic control system for water supply dispatching of water conservancy pipeline

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic control system for water supply dispatching of a water conservancy pipeline. The method comprises the following steps: forming a water use behavior time sequence of each water use unit of a dam; the current water consumption duration of the dam water consumption unit is recorded, the time period lengths of the three stages are calculated based on the water consumption behavior time sequence, and the water consumption demand level of the dam water consumption unit is judged; establishing pipeline models of the main pipeline and the branch pipelines, calculating a theoretical water pressure value of each dam water consumption unit, and calculating a pipeline state coefficient according to an actual water pressure measurement value; based on the historical water consumption data, the number of water consumption units needed by dam operation in the future time period is predicted; the optimal water pressure enabling each dam water consumption unit to reach the target flow is calculated; the water pressure of the branch pipelines is measured, the valve opening degree of the branch pipeline of each dam water consumption unit is calculated according to the target flow of each dam water consumption unit, the intelligent level of water supply dispatching of the dam water consumption units is improved, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water supply scheduling technology for water conservancy pipelines, specifically to an automated control system for water supply scheduling of water conservancy pipelines. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of regional water resource management systems, intelligent scheduling technology based on the Internet of Things and BeiDou satellite communication is gradually becoming an important means to improve the efficiency of water affairs operations. By collecting and analyzing data on water flow, equipment operating status, and water demand of dam units in real time, precise scheduling and collaborative management across regions and scenarios can be achieved. This not only enhances the dynamic adaptability of water supply and drainage and enables rapid response, but also reduces resource waste and promotes the green and intelligent construction of urban infrastructure.

[0003] Existing water management systems often employ uniform parameter settings, failing to adequately consider the varying actual needs of different nodes and thus struggling to meet dynamic control requirements in complex environments. For instance, when some nodes are located near main channels, excessive flow or pressure can lead to resource waste; conversely, remote nodes may experience insufficient supply due to signal attenuation or channel resistance, impacting overall operational stability. Most existing technologies rely on fixed or periodically adjusted scheduling strategies, lacking real-time modeling and analysis of the behavioral characteristics of dam water users or equipment operating modes, making it difficult to accurately respond to dynamic demands at different stages. Furthermore, traditional solutions often lack deep integration with BeiDou satellite communication and IoT networks, hindering remote real-time monitoring and global optimized scheduling. When abnormal node loads, sudden flow changes, or communication delays occur during system operation, existing technologies struggle to detect and implement effective control measures in a timely manner, often resulting in excessively high or low resource supply in certain areas, thereby affecting the overall system's energy efficiency and safety. The lack of behavior-driven dynamic scheduling and refined node control mechanisms is a prominent problem facing existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automated control system for water supply scheduling in water conservancy pipelines, which helps to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] This invention provides the following technical solution: an automated control system for water supply scheduling in water conservancy pipelines, comprising:

[0006] The water usage recording module is used to record the start and stop times of water usage by each water-using unit of the dam each time, forming a time series of water usage behavior of each water-using unit of the dam;

[0007] The demand modeling and identification module is used to record the duration of current water use by the dam water use unit, calculate the duration of three stages based on the time series of water use behavior, and determine the water demand level of the dam water use unit.

[0008] The pipeline condition monitoring module is used to establish pipeline models for main pipelines and branch pipelines, calculate the theoretical value of water pressure for each dam water supply unit, and calculate the pipeline condition coefficient based on the actual measured value of water pressure.

[0009] The load forecasting and water supply scheduling module is used to predict the number of water-using units required for dam operation in the future period based on historical water use data, set the water supply flow of the main pipeline, and calculate the target flow of each dam water-using unit by combining the pipeline state coefficient and the time series of water use behavior of the dam water-using units.

[0010] The water pressure optimization module is used to set the water pressure of multiple main pipelines and calculate the optimal water pressure that enables each dam water unit to achieve the target flow rate.

[0011] The water supply execution control module is used to measure the water pressure of the branch pipes and calculate the valve opening of the branch pipes of each dam water unit according to the target flow rate of each dam water unit.

[0012] Optionally, the water usage recording module is used to record the start and stop times of water usage by each water-using unit of the dam each time, forming a time series of water usage behavior of each water-using unit of the dam, including:

[0013] For any given water usage record, the start and end times are:

[0014] get in, Let k be the opening and closing time of the dam water supply unit, where k is the number of times the dam water supply unit is opened.

[0015] exist Multiple time points t are set at equal intervals within the interval;

[0016] Setting function

[0017] Set the sliding interval, The intervals are divided according to the sliding intervals, and the statistics are calculated for each sliding interval. The quantity is recorded as the number of time points for each sliding interval;

[0018] The sliding interval with the most time points is defined as the high-frequency interval for water usage. in, These represent the start and end times of the high-frequency interval, respectively.

[0019] calculate Among them, t on and t off These represent the average start-up time and average shutdown time, respectively, and b represents the number of times historical water usage was recorded.

[0020] calculate t start This represents the average start time of the high-frequency range;

[0021] calculate t end This represents the average end time of the high-frequency interval;

[0022] The time series of water use behavior of the dam water use unit is denoted as [t]. on ,t start ,t end ,t off ].

[0023] Optionally, the demand modeling and identification module is used to record the duration of current water use by the dam water-using unit, calculate the duration of three stages based on the time series of water use behavior, and determine the water demand level of the dam water-using unit, including:

[0024] The three stages are the water use initiation stage, stabilization stage, and termination stage, respectively.

[0025] Obtain the time series of water use behavior of the dam water use unit [t] on ,t start ,t end ,t off ];

[0026] Calculate Δt1=t start -t on Where Δt1 is denoted as the duration of the start-up phase;

[0027] Calculate Δt2=t end -t start Where Δt2 is denoted as the length of the steady-state phase;

[0028] Calculate Δt3=t off -t end , where Δt3 is denoted as the duration of the final phase;

[0029] Obtain the duration Δt of water usage in the current dam water usage unit;

[0030] When Δt < Δt1, the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be low level;

[0031] If Δt1≤Δt≤Δt1+Δt2, then the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be high level;

[0032] If Δt1+Δt2<Δt<Δt1+Δt2+Δt3, the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be low.

[0033] Optionally, the pipeline condition monitoring module is used to establish pipeline models for main pipelines and branch pipelines, calculate the theoretical value of water pressure for each dam water supply unit, and calculate the pipeline condition coefficient based on the actual measured water pressure value, including:

[0034] The branch pipe is connected to the main pipe at its beginning, and the main pipe is connected to multiple branch pipes.

[0035] Water is controlled to be transported from the beginning to the end of the main pipeline, and water is transported from the beginning to the end of the branch pipeline.

[0036] The end of the branch pipeline connecting the dam water supply unit;

[0037] For any branch pipeline connected to a dam water supply unit:

[0038] Measure the length δ from the beginning of the main pipeline to the end of the branch pipeline;

[0039] Measure the water pressure P0 at the beginning of the main pipeline;

[0040] Calculate the theoretical value P1 of the water pressure at the end of the branch pipe connecting the water supply unit of the dam;

[0041] The theoretical value of water pressure P1 is calculated as follows: P1=P0-λ×δ, where λ is the pressure loss coefficient per unit length of the pipe, which is the pressure loss of water flow for every 1 meter along the pipe.

[0042] Obtain the actual measured water pressure P2 at the end of the branch pipe connecting the dam's water supply unit;

[0043] calculate Where γ is the pipeline state coefficient.

[0044] Optionally, the load forecasting and water supply scheduling module is used to predict the number of water-using units required for dam operation in future periods based on historical water consumption data, and to set the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline, including:

[0045] Let the current time be t0;

[0046] Set the prediction duration τ, and predict the number of water-using units required for dam operation in the future time period [P0, t0+τ].

[0047] Obtain the number of water-using units required for dam operation in the future time period [t0, t0+τ] from historical water use data, calculate the average number of water-using units for all dams, and use the result as the predicted number of water-using units a required for dam operation in the future time period;

[0048] Set a high quantity threshold a high and low quantity threshold a low ;

[0049] Set the standard water supply flow rate S0 for the main pipeline;

[0050] when a high If ≤a, then set the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline S=(1+ρ)×S0;

[0051] when a low ≤a high If so, the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline is set to S = S0;

[0052] when a low Then the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline is set to S = (1-ρ) × S0, where ρ is the water supply ratio coefficient, which is used to control the increase and decrease of the water supply flow rate;

[0053] The formula for calculating ρ is: Where a0 is the number of standard dam water use units for water use within the set prediction time τ;

[0054] Set the maximum water supply flow rate S max and minimum value S min , limiting S∈[S min ,S max ].

[0055] Optionally, the target flow rate for each dam water use unit is calculated by combining pipeline state coefficients and the time series of water use behavior of the dam water use unit, including:

[0056] Get the number n1 of dam water use units with a low water demand level at the current moment;

[0057] Get the number n2 of dam water use units with a high water demand level at the current moment;

[0058] Weighting coefficients ω1 and ω2 are set for low and high water demand levels, respectively.

[0059] For dam water users that are currently using water at the dam:

[0060] Set π i , i = 1, 2;

[0061] When the water demand level of the dam water unit is low, then π1 = 1; when the water demand level of the dam water unit is high, then π2 = 1.

[0062] Calculate the target flow rate Q(t0) of the dam water use unit at the current time;

[0063] ​​Where η is the distance attenuation factor, which represents the degree of influence of the distance between the end of the branch pipe connecting the water supply unit of the dam and the beginning of the main pipe on the target flow rate.

[0064] The formula for calculating η is: η=1+∈×δ, where ∈ is the distance attenuation intensity coefficient, which is a positive parameter for adjusting the degree of distance influence. The larger the value of ∈, the greater the influence of length δ on the target flow.

[0065] Optionally, the water pressure optimization module is used to set the water pressure of multiple main pipelines and calculate the optimal water pressure that enables each dam water-using unit to achieve the target flow rate, including:

[0066] Get the maximum value P of the water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline. max and minimum value P min ;

[0067] S1. Set the water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline P0 = (P max +P min ) / 2, calculate the flow rate of each dam water use unit, and record it as the test flow rate of each dam water use unit;

[0068] S2, if P max >P min Compare the relationship between the test flow rate and the target flow rate for each dam water use unit:

[0069] S3. If the test flow rate of each dam water use unit is greater than the target flow rate, then the maximum value P max The value is updated to P0, and S1-S3 are repeated;

[0070] S4. If the test flow rate of each dam water use unit is less than the target flow rate, then the minimum value P min The value is updated to P0, and S1-S4 are repeated;

[0071] S5. If the test flow rate of each dam water unit is equal to the target flow rate, then P0 is the optimal water pressure.

[0072] S6, if P max ≤P min Then (P) max +P min ) / 2 is the optimal water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline.

[0073] Optionally, the water supply execution control module is used to measure the water pressure of the branch pipes and calculate the valve opening of the branch pipes of each dam water unit according to the target flow rate of each dam water unit, including:

[0074] For branch pipelines of the dam water supply unit:

[0075] Obtain the actual measured water pressure P2 at the end of the branch pipe;

[0076] Obtain the flow coefficient φ of the valve at the end of the branch pipeline;

[0077] Calculate the valve opening θ of the branch pipe at the current moment.

[0078] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0079] 1. This invention records the start and stop times of each water use session by each water-using unit of a dam, forming a complete time series of water use behavior. This provides a precise data foundation for subsequent water supply scheduling based on the water use behavior of the dam's water-using units. By setting time points at equal intervals and statistically analyzing the water use frequency within a sliding time period, the high-frequency intervals of water use are accurately identified, more scientifically reflecting the actual water use habits of the dam's water-using units. This achieves fine-grained monitoring of the behavior of dam water-using units, avoiding the coarseness of traditional single-quantity water use statistics, and improving the spatiotemporal resolution and dynamic responsiveness of the data. It enables precise capture of water demand, ensuring the timeliness and relevance of scheduling plans, and improving the intelligence level and resource utilization efficiency of the water supply system.

[0080] 2. This invention divides the time series of water use behavior into three stages: start-up, stability, and end. Combined with the current duration of water use by the dam's water-using unit, it dynamically identifies different levels of water demand, achieving precise classification of water demand. This effectively solves the problem of heterogeneous water demand, differentiating between low- and high-level water use and avoiding resource waste caused by a "one-size-fits-all" water supply strategy. Utilizing the stage-division logic, the water supply strategy can be flexibly adjusted for different stages, improving the overall comfort of the water user experience and energy-saving effects.

[0081] 3. This invention establishes hydraulic models of main and branch pipelines, combines them with actual water pressure measurements, and calculates pipeline state coefficients to dynamically reflect the actual operating conditions of the pipelines. By comparing theoretical and actual water pressure, abnormal pressure losses and potential faults in the pipeline system can be detected in a timely manner, ensuring the stable operation of the pipeline network. This improves the system's ability to perceive pipeline conditions, supports more refined water supply scheduling and maintenance decisions, and effectively prevents insufficient or wasted water supply due to pipeline problems. Simultaneously, pipeline condition monitoring provides crucial parameters for subsequent valve adjustment and water pressure optimization, forming a key link in the intelligent control closed loop.

[0082] 4. This invention predicts the water consumption of dam water-using units in future periods through statistical analysis and threshold judgment based on historical data, and adjusts the water supply flow of the main pipeline accordingly. By setting reasonable high and low thresholds and standard water supply flow rates, combined with a water supply ratio coefficient, dynamic and tiered flow regulation is achieved, avoiding blind water supply or insufficient water supply. This significantly improves the predictive capability and adaptability of the water supply system, helps balance supply and demand, and reduces energy consumption and water waste. Furthermore, the upper and lower limits of the water supply flow rate ensure the safe and stable operation of the system, improving the reliability and economy of the overall intelligent scheduling.

[0083] 5. This invention considers the number, weighting coefficients, pipeline state coefficients, and distance attenuation factors of dam water-using units at different water demand levels, dynamically calculating the target flow for each dam water-using unit to achieve more precise and personalized water flow allocation. By distinguishing between low- and high-level demands and rationally adjusting weights, water resource allocation can be optimized, improving the experience of dam water-using units while avoiding resource waste. The introduction of distance attenuation effectively reflects the impact of the distance at the end of branch pipelines on water supply performance, making scheduling more scientific and rational. This module provides a quantitative target benchmark for the system's water supply control, enhancing the precision and intelligence of scheduling.

[0084] 6. This invention iteratively calculates within the range of maximum and minimum water pressure to find the optimal main pipeline starting water pressure that ensures each dam water-using unit achieves the target flow rate. This method is simple and efficient, quickly converging to the optimal water pressure value, achieving a balance between energy conservation and water supply security. By dynamically adjusting the water pressure, it reduces energy waste and pipeline risks caused by excessively high water pressure, while avoiding insufficient water supply due to low water pressure. This ensures the stability and economy of the system's water supply, improving the operational efficiency and reliability of the intelligent water supply system.

[0085] 7. This invention measures the water pressure in branch pipes in real time, and dynamically calculates and adjusts the valve opening of each branch pipe by combining the target flow rate of the dam's water-using unit and the valve flow coefficient, achieving precise water flow control. Real-time valve opening adjustment ensures the water supply system's flexible response to different water demands, improving water supply accuracy and energy efficiency. It effectively solves the drawbacks of traditional fixed opening or experience-based adjustment, realizing intelligent valve control based on data and models, improving the intelligence and automation level of the entire water supply network, and contributing to efficient and economical water resource management. Attached Figure Description

[0086] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system modules of the present invention.

[0087] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main pipeline and branch pipelines of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0088] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0089] Example 1, refer to Figure 1 An automated control system for water supply dispatching in water conservancy pipelines, comprising:

[0090] The centralized layout of dam water supply units, arranged along walls or symmetrically, can improve space utilization and avoid congestion. By rationally designing pipeline routes and spacing between dam water supply units, hydraulic losses can be reduced and water pressure balance across all units can be ensured. For example, in a large site with dozens of car wash bays, frequent vehicle traffic results in distinctly intermittent, short-peak water usage. The water usage process at each bay is clearly divided into three stages: start-up (pre-wetting), stabilization (high-pressure washing), and end (rinsing).

[0091] In this embodiment, the dam water supply unit can be configured as a generator cooling water supply system as needed. During generator operation, components such as the stator and rotor generate a large amount of heat, requiring a reliable cooling water system for continuous cooling to prevent overheating damage and ensure stable grid operation. Traditional cooling water supply systems often employ a crude "all on when turned on, all off when turned off" approach, or rely solely on simple on / off signals for control, failing to detect the actual operating load of the generator set and exhibiting significant drawbacks.

[0092] Start-up Phase: After the monitoring system issues a unit start-up command, this invention identifies the water demand and enters the start-up phase. During this phase, the cooling water demand starts from the basic maintenance flow rate during standby (or from zero) and gradually increases with rotor speed and load. The system maintains a "low" demand level, smoothly increasing the water supply pressure to avoid water hammer.

[0093] Stable Phase: When the unit is connected to the grid and the load reaches a stable rated value (e.g., above 90% of rated power), the system determines that it has entered the stable phase. At this time, the generator is operating at full load and generating heat at its peak, with a high demand for cooling water. The system will ensure that the water supply header provides rated and stable pressure and flow, which is the core period for ensuring power generation safety.

[0094] Terminal Phase: Upon receiving a load reduction and shutdown command from the unit, the system identifies the terminal phase. Cooling water demand gradually decreases as the load drops, eventually reaching the maintenance flow rate after shutdown (or dropping to zero). The system switches to a "low" demand level, gradually reducing water pressure and entering energy-saving mode.

[0095] Inside a large hydroelectric power plant, multiple turbine generator units (e.g., 6 or 8) are typically installed side-by-side. Each unit has its own independent cooling water system, forming a water supply unit for the dam. These dam units are arranged strictly parallel in space.

[0096] The water usage data recording module is used to record the start and stop times of each water usage session for each water usage unit of the dam, forming a time series of water usage behavior for each water usage unit of the dam, including:

[0097] Sensors (located in flow meters, water level gauges, pressure sensors, etc.) collect and report data via IoT nodes (LoRa, NB-IoT, 5G modules). The data is first transmitted to the field gateway / edge computing unit. The edge gateway has a built-in BeiDou satellite communication unit and an IoT communication unit. When the regular IoT network is available, data is uploaded via the IoT link. In abnormal situations (network congestion, remote mountainous areas, disaster scenarios), the system automatically switches to the BeiDou satellite link to upload critical data to the dispatch center; downlink dispatch commands are also transmitted via the BeiDou link. After receiving data from the BeiDou satellite and IoT links, the edge gateway aggregates and compares the data. When dispatch commands are issued, they can be transmitted to the field via a priority IoT link + BeiDou link backup approach to control valve opening and operating status in real time. By configuring dual modules within the communication gateway, dynamic switching and complementarity between the BeiDou and IoT links are achieved, ensuring the real-time performance and reliability of dispatch data in complex environments.

[0098] For any given dam water usage unit, the start and end times of water usage are recorded:

[0099] In this embodiment, the dam water unit places the water card on the dam water unit. Each dam water unit is equipped with an on / off button. During a single water use, the on / off button can be manually clicked to control whether water is dispensed.

[0100] The system accurately records water usage time by combining control commands with equipment status feedback, and continuously monitors the start-up commands of the cooling water system and the operating status feedback of water pumps / valves.

[0101] The following is a single water usage record for a dam water use unit, with a total of 6 opening and closing times, k=6;

[0102] Specifically:

[0103] First segment: (19:00, 19:03), duration 3 minutes;

[0104] Second segment: (19:05, 19:08), duration 3 minutes;

[0105] The third segment (19:12, 19:17) lasted for 5 minutes.

[0106] The fourth segment (19:18, 19:22) lasted for 4 minutes.

[0107] Fifth segment: (19:25, 19:28), duration 3 minutes;

[0108] Sixth segment: (19:30, 19:33), duration 3 minutes;

[0109] exist Multiple time points t are set at equal intervals within the interval;

[0110] Setting function

[0111] function This indicates that when the time point is during the initial flushing phase of the dam's water-using unit, Before the dam's water supply unit begins flushing.

[0112] Set the sliding interval to 11 minutes. The intervals are divided according to the sliding intervals, and the statistics are calculated for each sliding interval. The number of times is recorded as the number of time points for each sliding interval. The more time points, the more times the dam water unit is using water, indicating a higher demand for water flow stability.

[0113] After dividing the time period [19:00, 19:33] into 11-minute intervals, the number of time points in each sliding interval is counted. The middle interval has the most time points, and the middle interval is taken as the high-frequency interval.

[0114] The sliding interval with the most time points is defined as the high-frequency interval for water usage. in, These represent the start and end times of the high-frequency interval, respectively.

[0115] calculate Among them, t on and t off These represent the average start-up time and average shutdown time, respectively, and b represents the number of times historical water usage was recorded.

[0116] calculate t start This represents the average start time of the high-frequency range;

[0117] calculate t end This represents the average end time of the high-frequency interval;

[0118] The time series of water use behavior of the dam water use unit is recorded as follows:

[0119] [t on ,t start ,t end ,t off = [19:02, 19:12, 19:24, 19:32], because this is the average calculated based on multiple historical water usage records.

[0120] The demand modeling and identification module records the duration of current water use by the dam's water-using units, calculates the duration of three phases based on the time series of water use behavior, and determines the water demand level of the dam's water-using units, including:

[0121] The three stages are the water use initiation stage, stabilization stage, and termination stage, respectively.

[0122] Obtain the time series of water use behavior of the dam water use unit [t] on ,t start ,t end ,t off ];

[0123] Calculate Δt1=t start -t on = 10 minutes, where Δt1 is the length of the start-up phase;

[0124] Calculate Δt2=t end -t start = 22 minutes, where Δt2 is denoted as the length of the steady-state phase;

[0125] Calculate Δt3=t off -t end = 8 minutes, where Δt3 is denoted as the length of the final phase;

[0126] The established time series of water use behavior for dam water use units is based on a phased template sequence formed from historical water use data. However, after each dam water use unit completes its water use, the latest water use time and situation are added to the dataset, dynamically updating the phased template to form the latest water use behavior time series. This approach preserves the phased patterns of water use behavior while adapting to the daily differences in behavior among dam water use units, improving the accuracy of load forecasting and the flexibility of water supply scheduling.

[0127] Obtain the current water usage duration Δt of the dam's water-using unit;

[0128] When Δt < Δt1, the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be low level;

[0129] If Δt1≤Δt≤Δt1+Δt2, then the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be high level;

[0130] If Δt1+Δt2<Δt<Δt1+Δt2+Δt3, the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be low.

[0131] The pipeline condition monitoring module is used to establish pipeline models for main and branch pipelines, calculate the theoretical water pressure for each dam water supply unit, and calculate pipeline condition coefficients based on actual water pressure measurements, including:

[0132] The branch pipe is connected to the main pipe at its beginning. In this embodiment, refer to... Figure 2 The main pipeline connects to multiple branch pipelines;

[0133] Water is controlled to be transported from the beginning to the end of the main pipeline, and water is transported from the beginning to the end of the branch pipeline.

[0134] For any branch pipeline connected to a dam water supply unit:

[0135] The length from the beginning of the main pipeline to the end of the branch pipeline is δ = 30m.

[0136] The water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline is measured to be P0 = 5.0 bar;

[0137] Calculate the theoretical value P1 of the water pressure at the end of the branch pipe connecting the water supply unit of the dam;

[0138] The theoretical value of water pressure P1 is calculated using the formula: P1=P0-λ×δ=5.0-0.02×30=4.4bar, where λ=0.02bar / m is the pressure loss coefficient per unit length of the pipe, representing the pressure loss per meter of water flow along the pipe;

[0139] Obtain the actual measured water pressure at the end of the branch pipe connecting to the dam's water supply unit, P2 = 4.2 bar;

[0140] calculate Where γ is the pipeline state coefficient.

[0141] The pipeline condition factor reflects the difference between the actual condition of the pipeline and the theoretical design condition.

[0142] As pipelines age, become partially blocked, or leak, the actual pressure loss may exceed the theoretical value. Construction errors, excessive bends, and pipe diameter deviations can also cause pressure losses to deviate from theoretical calculations. Therefore, relying solely on theoretical calculations can underestimate or overestimate the water pressure at the end point, affecting the accuracy of water pressure management.

[0143] The pipeline state coefficient serves as a correction factor in the target flow calculation, making the target flow more closely match the actual pipeline capacity, ensuring water supply security, saving energy, and supporting dynamic scheduling.

[0144] The load forecasting and water supply scheduling module is used to predict the number of water-using units required for dam operation in future periods based on historical water consumption data, and to set the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline, including:

[0145] Let the current time be t0 = 19:00;

[0146] Set the prediction duration τ to 1 hour, predict the number of water-using units required for dam operation during the future time period [19:00, 20:00]:

[0147] Obtain the number of water-using units required for dam operation in the future time period [t0, t0+τ] from historical water use data, calculate the average number of water-using units for all dams, and use the result as the predicted number of water-using units a required for dam operation in the future time period;

[0148] Set a high quantity threshold a high =9 and low quantity threshold a low =3;

[0149] Set the standard water supply flow rate of the main pipeline to S0 = 1L / s;

[0150] when a high If ≤a, then set the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline S=(1+ρ)×S0;

[0151] when a low ≤a high If so, the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline is set to S = S0;

[0152] when a low Then the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline is set to S = (1-ρ) × S0, where ρ is the water supply ratio coefficient, which is used to control the increase and decrease of the water supply flow rate;

[0153] When a = 8, the formula for calculating ρ is: Where a0 = 5 is the number of standard dam water use units for water use within the predicted time period τ;

[0154] In this embodiment, a = 5, 3 ≤ 5 < 9, then the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline is set to S = S0 = 1 L / s;

[0155] Set the maximum water supply flow rate S max and minimum value S min ;

[0156] Then S∈[S min ,S max = [0.5L / s, 2L / s].

[0157] The reason why it is necessary to predict the water supply flow rate in future periods to calculate the target water supply flow rate at the current moment is that:​​

[0158] Supply and demand fluctuate significantly. Water use in dam water units has peak and off-peak periods. Future water demand and pipeline status will fluctuate. Advance forecasting can better match supply and demand.

[0159] There is a delay in adjustment; there is inertia from adjusting the water pressure to the end-point response. If adjustments are made only in the present moment, it may miss the peak and affect the water supply.

[0160] To reduce energy consumption, when predicting low loads in the future, water supply pressure can be reduced in advance to save energy; when high loads are expected, preparations can be made in advance to avoid waste from emergency adjustments.

[0161] Improving system robustness and predicting future trends can help detect potential anomalies (such as blockages and leaks) in advance, making the system more stable and reliable.

[0162] By combining pipeline state coefficients and time series of water use behavior of dam water use units, the target flow rate for each dam water use unit is calculated, including:

[0163] Obtain the number of dam water-using units with a low water demand level at the current moment, n1 = 3;

[0164] Obtain the number of dam water-using units with a high water demand level at the current moment, n2 = 2;

[0165] The weighting coefficients ω1=1 and ω2=2 are set for low water demand level and high water demand level, respectively;

[0166] For dam water users that are currently using water at the dam:

[0167] Set π i , i = 1, 2;

[0168] When the water demand level of the dam water unit is low, then π1 = 1; when the water demand level of the dam water unit is high, then π2 = 1.

[0169] Calculate the target flow rate Q(t0) of the dam water use unit at the current time;

[0170] When the water demand level of the dam water-using unit is high:

[0171]

[0172] When the water demand level of the dam water-using unit is low:

[0173]

[0174] The principle behind the calculation of target traffic is as follows:

[0175] Uneven demand among dam water users: Different dam water users have different water demands at different stages. Some are just starting to use water and are in the initial stage, so they use less water. Some are in the peak stage and use more water. Some are in the final stage and use less water. If the water demand is allocated evenly, it will not meet the needs of dam water users with high demand and will affect the user experience. By calculating the current water demand level of each dam water user, more flow is allocated to dam water users with high demand and less flow is allocated to dam water users with low demand, so that resources are used more rationally.

[0176] If a pipe is blocked, aged, or has high water resistance, even if you theoretically allocate a large flow rate, it will not reach the end. Therefore, the pipe state coefficient is used to correct the target flow rate and reflect the actual water delivery capacity.

[0177] Due to greater pressure loss, the actual water flow reaching distant dam water units is smaller. Without compensation for distance attenuation, the experience of distant dam water units will be very poor, while nearby dam water units may even waste water.

[0178] The reasonable flow rate range is 0.1 L / s to 0.4 L / s;

[0179] Where η is the distance attenuation factor, which represents the degree of influence of the distance between the end of the branch pipe connecting the water supply unit of the dam and the beginning of the main pipe on the target flow rate.

[0180] The formula for calculating η is: η=1+∈×δ=1+0.01×30=1.3, where ∈ is the distance attenuation intensity coefficient, which is a positive parameter for adjusting the degree of distance influence. The larger the value of ∈, the greater the influence of distance δ on the target flow.

[0181] Regarding the distance attenuation factor, the main pipeline is laid along one side of the dam water supply unit, with a distance of 3 meters at the near end and 30 meters at the far end. If the distance attenuation is not considered, the water output at the far end will be significantly insufficient and the water column will be very weak. Setting the distance attenuation factor can compensate for the water supply capacity at the far end, so that each dam water supply unit can achieve a reasonable flow under actual water supply conditions, ensuring a fair and balanced experience for the dam water supply units.

[0182] The water pressure optimization module is used to set the water pressure for multiple main pipelines. It uses a bisection method to calculate the optimal water pressure for each dam water unit to achieve the target flow rate, including:

[0183] Get the maximum value P of the water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline. max =6.0 bar and minimum value P min =3.0 bar;

[0184] Set the water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline to P0 = (P max +Pmin ) / 2=(6.0+3.0) / 2=4.5bar, calculate the flow rate of each dam water use unit, and record it as the test flow rate of each dam water use unit;

[0185] Compare the magnitudes of the test flow rate and the target flow rate for each water use unit of the dam:

[0186] If the test flow rate of each dam water use unit is greater than the target flow rate, then the maximum value P max The value of P is updated to P0, P max =4.5 bar;

[0187] Set the water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline to P0 = (4.5 + 3.0) / 2 = 3.75 bar, calculate the flow rate of each dam water unit, and record it as the test flow rate of each dam water unit;

[0188] Compare the magnitudes of the test flow rate and the target flow rate for each water use unit of the dam:

[0189] If the test flow rate of each dam water use unit is less than the target flow rate, then the minimum value P is... min The value of P is updated to P0, P min =3.75 bar;

[0190] Set the water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline to P0 = (4.5 + 3.75) / 2 = 4.125 bar, calculate the flow rate of each dam water unit, record it as the test flow rate of each dam water unit, and continue to calculate, judge and iterate.

[0191] The optimal water pressure is P0 when the test flow rate of each dam water unit is equal to the target flow rate. In actual implementation, the standard is not to use the target flow rate as the benchmark, but to set a flow error and judge that the test flow rate is close to the target flow rate.

[0192] In the formula, the pressure loss coefficient λ per unit length is the average friction loss under typical design flow rate, which has taken into account the influence of water flow distribution; the actual water pressure deviation can be corrected by the pipeline state coefficient.

[0193] Or until P max ≤P min Then (P) max +P min ) / 2 is the optimal water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline.

[0194] The energy consumed by water pumps in a water supply system is roughly proportional to, or even higher than, the water supply pressure. In most cases, the actual water consumption and demand of a dam's water-using unit fall far short of the pipeline's maximum supply capacity. During peak periods, higher water pressure is required to ensure water supply to distant dam water-using units. During off-peak periods, demand decreases, and the water pressure can be reduced to maintain the system just meeting the demand, thereby saving energy. By calculating the optimal water pressure, it is possible to ensure that each dam water-using unit reaches its target flow rate while avoiding excessive pump operation, reducing pipeline pressure loss, achieving a balance between supply and demand, and minimizing energy consumption.

[0195] The water supply control module measures the water pressure in the branch pipes and calculates the valve opening of each branch pipe in each dam water unit based on the target flow rate of each dam water unit, including:

[0196] For branch pipelines of the dam water supply unit:

[0197] Obtain the actual measured water pressure at the end of the branch pipe, P2 = 4.2 bar;

[0198] Obtain the flow coefficient of the valve at the end of the branch pipeline.

[0199] Calculating the valve opening θ of a branch pipeline at the current moment is an existing technology and a common technology and basic method in the field of pipeline hydraulic control.

[0200]

[0201] Typical values ​​for valve opening in branch pipelines:

[0202] For a single dam water supply unit, the flow rate is typically between 0.1 and 0.4 L / s.

[0203] Water pressure is generally 3–5 bar, and valve flow coefficient varies from 0.4 to 1.0 depending on the model.

[0204] To meet the water demand of a single dam water unit, the valve opening is generally between 20% and 40%, with high-level demand approaching the upper limit (approximately 35% to 40%) and low-level demand or water-saving mode below 20%.

[0205] Each branch pipe connected to the dam's water supply unit is equipped with a valve controller. This valve controller dynamically adjusts the valve opening based on the target flow rate calculated by the system and the real-time water pressure, thereby precisely controlling the water flow entering the dam's water supply unit.

[0206] Main pipe water pressure = macro-level guarantee, ensuring sufficient overall water volume; branch valve opening = micro-level adjustment, ensuring balance, safety and energy saving in each branch. Therefore, valve control is not superfluous, but necessary, a localized and refined control mechanism.

[0207] According to simulation results, during peak periods when the demand of the dam's water supply unit fluctuates significantly, water consumption can be saved by about 15-30%, while energy consumption can be reduced by about 10-20%, which has a significant effect on energy conservation, emission reduction, and lower operating costs.

[0208] It should be noted that, in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0209] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated control system for water supply dispatching in water conservancy pipelines, characterized in that, include: The water usage recording module is used to record the start and stop times of water usage by each water-using unit of the dam each time, forming a time series of water usage behavior of each water-using unit of the dam; The demand modeling and identification module is used to record the duration of current water use by the dam water use unit, calculate the duration of three stages based on the time series of water use behavior, and determine the water demand level of the dam water use unit. The pipeline condition monitoring module is used to establish pipeline models for main pipelines and branch pipelines, calculate the theoretical value of water pressure for each dam water supply unit, and calculate the pipeline condition coefficient based on the actual measured value of water pressure. The load forecasting and water supply scheduling module is used to predict the number of water-using units required for dam operation in the future period based on historical water use data, set the water supply flow of the main pipeline, and calculate the target flow of each dam water-using unit by combining the pipeline state coefficient and the time series of water use behavior of the dam water-using units. The water pressure optimization module is used to set the water pressure of multiple main pipelines and calculate the optimal water pressure that enables each dam water unit to achieve the target flow rate. The water supply execution control module is used to measure the water pressure of the branch pipes and calculate the valve opening of the branch pipes of each dam water unit according to the target flow rate of each dam water unit.

2. The automated control system for water supply dispatching in a water conservancy pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water usage recording module is used to record the start and stop times of water usage by each water-using unit of the dam each time, forming a time series of water usage behavior of each water-using unit of the dam, including: For any given water usage record, the start and end times are: get in, Let k be the opening and closing time of the dam water supply unit, where k is the number of times the dam water supply unit is opened. exist Multiple time points t are set at equal intervals within the interval; Setting function Set the sliding interval, The intervals are divided according to the sliding intervals, and the statistics are calculated for each sliding interval. The quantity is recorded as the number of time points for each sliding interval; The sliding interval with the most time points is defined as the high-frequency interval for water usage. in, These represent the start and end times of the high-frequency interval, respectively. calculate Among them, t on and t off , respectively, represent the average start time and average stop time, and b represents the number of times historical water usage was recorded; calculate t start This represents the average start time of the high-frequency range; calculate t end This represents the average end time of the high-frequency interval; The time series of water use behavior of the dam water use unit is denoted as [t]. on ,t start ,t end ,t off ].

3. The automated control system for water supply dispatching in a water conservancy pipeline according to claim 2, characterized in that, The demand modeling and identification module is used to record the duration of current water use by the dam's water-using unit, calculate the duration of three phases based on the time series of water use behavior, and determine the water demand level of the dam's water-using unit, including: The three stages are the water use initiation stage, stabilization stage, and termination stage, respectively. Obtain the time series of water use behavior of the dam water use unit [t] on ,t start ,t end ,t off ]; Calculate Δt1=t start -t on Where Δt1 is denoted as the duration of the start-up phase; Calculate Δt2=t end -t start Where Δt2 is denoted as the length of the steady-state phase; Calculate Δt3=t off -t end , where Δt3 is denoted as the duration of the final phase; Obtain the duration Δt of water usage in the current dam water usage unit; When Δt < Δt1, the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be low level; If Δt1≤Δt≤Δt1+Δt2, then the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be high level; If Δt1+Δt2<Δt<Δt1+Δt2+Δt3, the water demand level of the dam water use unit is determined to be low.

4. The automated control system for water supply dispatching in a water conservancy pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipeline condition monitoring module is used to establish pipeline models for main and branch pipelines, calculate the theoretical water pressure value for each dam water supply unit, and calculate the pipeline condition coefficient based on the actual measured water pressure value, including: The branch pipe is connected to the main pipe at its beginning, and the main pipe is connected to multiple branch pipes. Water is controlled to be transported from the beginning to the end of the main pipeline, and water is transported from the beginning to the end of the branch pipeline. The end of the branch pipeline connecting the dam water supply unit; For any branch pipeline connected to a dam water supply unit: Measure the length δ from the beginning of the main pipeline to the end of the branch pipeline; Measure the water pressure P0 at the beginning of the main pipeline; Calculate the theoretical value P1 of the water pressure at the end of the branch pipe connecting the water supply unit of the dam; The theoretical value of water pressure P1 is calculated as follows: P1=P0-λ×δ, where λ is the pressure loss coefficient per unit length of the pipe, which is the pressure loss of water flow for every 1 meter along the pipe. Obtain the actual measured water pressure P2 at the end of the branch pipe connecting the dam's water supply unit; calculate Where γ is the pipeline state coefficient.

5. The automated control system for water supply dispatching in a water conservancy pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load forecasting and water supply scheduling module is used to predict the number of water-using units required for dam operation in future periods based on historical water consumption data, and to set the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline, including: Let the current time be t0; Set the prediction duration τ, and predict the number of water-using units required for dam operation in the future time period [t0, t0+τ): Obtain the number of water-using units required for dam operation in the future time period [t0, t0+τ] from historical water use data, calculate the average number of water-using units for all dams, and use the result as the predicted number of water-using units a required for dam operation in the future time period; Set a high quantity threshold a high and low quantity threshold a low ; Set the standard water supply flow rate S0 for the main pipeline; when a high If ≤a, then set the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline S=(1+ρ)×S0; when a low ≤a high If so, the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline is set to S = S0;​ when a low Then the water supply flow rate of the main pipeline is set to S = (1-ρ) × S0, where ρ is the water supply ratio coefficient, which is used to control the increase and decrease of the water supply flow rate;​ The formula for calculating ρ is: Where a0 is the number of standard dam water use units for water use within the set prediction time τ; Set the maximum water supply flow rate S max and minimum value S min , limiting S∈[S min ,S max ].

6. The automated control system for water supply dispatching in a water conservancy pipeline according to claim 5, characterized in that, The target flow rate for each dam water use unit is calculated by combining pipeline state coefficients and the time series of water use behavior of the dam water use unit, including: Get the number n1 of dam water use units with a low water demand level at the current moment; Get the number n2 of dam water use units with a high water demand level at the current moment; Update the main pipeline's water supply flow rate based on the current water demand level of the dam's water-using units; Weighting coefficients ω1 and ω2 are set for low and high water demand levels, respectively. For dam water users that are currently using water at the dam: Set π i , i = 1, 2; When the water demand level of the dam water unit is low, then π1 = 1; when the water demand level of the dam water unit is high, then π2 = 1. Calculate the target flow rate Q(t0) of the dam water use unit at the current time; Where η is the distance attenuation factor, which represents the degree of influence of the distance between the end of the branch pipe connecting the water supply unit of the dam and the beginning of the main pipe on the target flow rate. The formula for calculating η is: η=1+∈×δ, where ∈ is the distance attenuation intensity coefficient, which is a positive parameter for adjusting the degree of distance influence. The larger the value of ∈, the greater the influence of length δ on the target flow.

7. The automated control system for water supply dispatching in a water conservancy pipeline according to claim 6, characterized in that, The water pressure optimization module is used to set the water pressure of multiple main pipelines and calculate the optimal water pressure that enables each dam water supply unit to achieve the target flow rate, including: Get the maximum value P of the water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline. max and minimum value P min ; S1. Set the water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline P0 = (P max +P min ) / 2, calculate the flow rate of each dam water use unit, and record it as the test flow rate of each dam water use unit; S2, if P max >P min Compare the relationship between the test flow rate and the target flow rate for each dam water use unit: S3. If the test flow rate of each dam water use unit is greater than the target flow rate, then the maximum value P max The value is updated to P0, and S1-S3 are repeated; S4. If the test flow rate of each dam water use unit is less than the target flow rate, then the minimum value P min The value is updated to P0, and S1-S4 are repeated; S5. If the test flow rate of each dam water unit is equal to the target flow rate, then P0 is the optimal water pressure. S6, if P max ≤P min Then (P) max +P min ) / 2 is the optimal water pressure at the beginning of the main pipeline.

8. The automated control system for water supply dispatching in a water conservancy pipeline according to claim 6, characterized in that, The water supply execution control module is used to measure the water pressure of the branch pipes and calculate the valve opening of the branch pipes of each dam water unit according to the target flow rate of each dam water unit, including: For branch pipelines of the dam water supply unit: Obtain the actual measured water pressure P2 at the end of the branch pipe; Obtain the flow coefficient φ of the valve at the end of the branch pipeline; Calculate the valve opening θ of the branch pipe at the current moment.

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