Two-dimensional wave beam regulation and control broadband filtering antenna array driven by Nonen matrix and adjustable phase shifter

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional wave beam regulation and control broadband filtering antenna array driven by a No-en matrix and an adjustable phase shifter. The two-dimensional wave beam regulation and control broadband filtering antenna array comprises a No-en topology broadband wave beam forming network, a phase difference adjustable broadband power division phase shifting network, a broadband filtering antenna array and an input port. The Neen topological beam forming network is composed of a multi-stage co-directional output broadband directional coupler, an open-short circuit stub loading transmission line and a U-shaped transmission line, and is used for realizing multi-beam forming in the horizontal direction; the phase difference adjustable broadband power division phase shift network is composed of a three-wire coupling broadband power divider and a difference adjustable phase shifter, 360-degree continuous adjustable phase difference output within the broadband range is achieved by adjusting external bias voltage, and beam adjustment in the vertical direction is achieved. The broadband filtering antenna array adopts an end-on-fire structure, combines a folded microstrip line and a coplanar waveguide feed form, and has broadband radiation and filtering characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave antennas, and more particularly to a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G and future communication technologies, multi-beam antenna arrays based on beamforming technology have been widely researched and applied. These antenna arrays can effectively compensate for path loss in high-frequency bands through beamforming technology, achieving flexible spatial multiplexing and thus significantly improving system capacity and coverage. Compared with traditional phased array antennas, multi-beam antenna arrays not only improve spectrum utilization, expand communication coverage, and increase system capacity, but also have stronger anti-interference and anti-fading capabilities.

[0003] Multi-beam antenna arrays based on beamforming technology typically consist of a beamforming network and an antenna array. When different input ports are excited, the beamforming network can generate signals with specific amplitude and phase differences at the output, thereby enabling the antenna array to form radiation beams with different directions in space, achieving multi-beam switching.

[0004] However, as communication systems increasingly demand flexible beam control and broadband characteristics, traditional multi-beam antenna arrays, limited by fixed phase pointing, struggle to meet the dynamic beam requirements of modern communications. Furthermore, when antenna elements are densely arranged, strong mutual coupling effects lead to a sharp narrowing of bandwidth, further limiting system performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention discloses a two-dimensional beam-tuned broadband filtering antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter. This design combines the broadband beamforming characteristics of the Nolen matrix, the flexible beam control capability of the adjustable phase shifter, and the broadband filtering antenna array to achieve two-dimensional beam tuning with both horizontal multi-beams and vertically adjustable beams. This scheme not only enhances the flexibility and directional controllability of the system beam but also maintains excellent broadband filtering performance, meeting the high capacity and high reliability requirements of next-generation communication systems. The specific scheme is as follows: Includes: Nolen topology broadband beamforming network, phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network, broadband filter antenna array, and input port; The Nolen topology broadband beamforming network includes a first co-directional output broadband directional coupler, a second co-directional output broadband directional coupler, a third co-directional output broadband directional coupler, a first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line, a second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line, a U-shaped transmission line, a first 50-ohm connection line, a second 50-ohm connection line, and a third 50-ohm connection line. The first unidirectional output broadband directional coupler includes an upper parallel double line, an lower parallel double line, a rectangular slot in the ground plane, a shorting pin, and an extension line; the second and third unidirectional output broadband directional couplers have the same structure as the first unidirectional output broadband directional coupler, but with different coupling degrees. The first open-short stub loaded transmission line includes two short-circuit stubs, two open-circuit stubs, and a microstrip line; the second open-short stub loaded transmission line has the same structure as the first open-short stub loaded transmission line, but the parameters are different. The phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider / phase-shifting network includes a first phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider, a second phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider, and a third phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider; the first phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider includes a three-wire coupled broadband power divider, a first adjustable phase shifter, a second adjustable phase shifter, a first 50-ohm transmission line, and a second 50-ohm transmission line; the second and third phase-differential adjustable broadband power dividers have the same structure as the first phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider. The three-wire coupled broadband power divider includes a three-wire coupling structure consisting of two side lines and a middle line, a bridging resistor, a fourth 50-ohm transmission line, and a fifth 50-ohm transmission line; the first adjustable phase shifter includes parallel twin lines, parallel transmission lines, a first bridging capacitor, a second bridging capacitor, a third bridging capacitor, a bridging inductor, a DC blocking capacitor, a bias resistor, a varactor diode, a first pad, a second pad, a third pad, a shorting pin, and a 50-ohm transmission line; the second adjustable phase shifter has the same structure as the first phase shifter circuit, but the external bias voltage changes in the opposite direction; The broadband filter antenna array includes a first end-fire antenna, a second end-fire antenna, a third end-fire antenna, a fourth end-fire antenna, a fifth end-fire antenna, a sixth end-fire antenna, and an isolation copper plate. The front side of the first end-fire antenna includes a U-shaped microstrip line, a folded microstrip line, a horizontal microstrip line, a first shorting pin, a second shorting pin, and a coplanar waveguide transmission line; the back side of the first end-fire antenna includes a grounded folded microstrip line; the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth end-fire antennas have the same structure as the first end-fire antenna.

[0006] The input ports include a first input port, a second input port, and a third input port; the first input port is connected to the upper left end of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler; the second input port is connected to the upper left end of the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler; the third input port is connected to the lower left end of the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler; the upper right ends of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler and the second co-directional output broadband coupler are respectively connected to the left end of the second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line and the lower left end of the first parallel two-wire coupler; the first co-directional... The lower right ends of the output broadband directional coupler and the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler are respectively connected to the left ends of the U-shaped transmission line and the first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line; the right end of the second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line is connected to the left end of the first 50-ohm transmission line; the right ends of the U-shaped transmission line and the first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line are respectively connected to the upper left end and the lower left end of the third co-directional output broadband directional coupler; the upper right end and the lower right end of the third co-directional output broadband directional coupler are respectively connected to the left ends of the second 50-ohm transmission line and the third 50-ohm transmission line. The right ends of the first 50-ohm transmission line, the second 50-ohm transmission line, and the third 50-ohm transmission line are respectively connected to the left ends of the third, second, and first phase-differential adjustable broadband power dividers of the phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider phase-shifting network; the upper right and lower right ends of the third, second, and first phase-differential adjustable broadband power dividers are respectively connected to the left ends of the first, third, and fifth end-emitting antennas and the second, fourth, and sixth end-emitting antennas of the broadband filter antenna array.

[0007] Furthermore, by adjusting the coupling degree of the first to third unidirectional output broadband directional couplers to achieve 4.77 dB, 3 dB, and 3 dB respectively, the Nolen matrix can obtain broadband constant amplitude output; by setting the phase shift values ​​of the first to second open-short-circuit stubs loaded transmission lines and U-shaped transmission lines, three phase difference outputs can be obtained, and the phase curve is flat within the broadband range.

[0008] Furthermore, the differential adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network achieves differential phase shift control by adjusting the external voltage of the first and second adjustable phase shifters, thereby obtaining a 360° adjustable and flat phase difference output over a broadband range.

[0009] Furthermore, by employing a Nolen topology broadband beamforming network, multi-beam radiation in the horizontal direction of the broadband filter antenna array can be obtained; and by employing a phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider phase-shifting network, the tunability of the vertical beam pointing of different horizontal beam directions of the broadband filter antenna array can be obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, the first end-fire antenna can obtain broadband radiation characteristics by using a resonator composed of a coplanar waveguide transmission line to excite a horizontal microstrip line and a grounded folded microstrip line.

[0011] Furthermore, by setting a folded microstrip line, the first end-fire antenna adds a radiation null point in the high-frequency band, further improving the antenna's filtering characteristics and in-band gain flatness.

[0012] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by the Nolen matrix and adjustable phase shifter proposed in this invention has the following advantages: (1) By using the Nolen topology beamforming network with broadband characteristics and the phase difference adjustable power divider phase shifter network as the feed network, combined with the broadband antenna array, a wide operating bandwidth of the entire multi-beam antenna can be achieved, with a relative bandwidth of 31.8%; (2) By using the Nolen topology broadband beamforming network, the array antenna can obtain broadband beam pointing in three horizontal directions of 8°, 22°, and 36°; (3) By using the phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network, the adjustable beam pointing in the vertical direction of ±30° can be obtained in different horizontal beam pointing directions; (4) The antenna array has filtering characteristics and an out-of-band gain roll-off greater than 20 dB. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 3×3 broadband beamforming network in a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first parallel double-line coupler in the 3×3 broadband beamforming network of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first open-short stub loading transmission line in a 3×3 broadband beamforming network of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the first power-dividing phase-shifting circuit in a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power divider circuit in the first power divider phase shifter circuit of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first phase shifting circuit in the first power-dividing phase shifting circuit of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a front view of the first end-fire antenna in the broadband filter antenna array of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the first end-fire antenna in the broadband filter antenna array of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the resonator of the first end-fire antenna in a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the input port impedance matching results of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the three broadband beam pointing in the horizontal direction of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable broadband beam pointing in the vertical direction when the input is port 1 of the 3×3 broadband beamforming network in a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable broadband beam pointing in the vertical direction when there is a 2-port input in the 3×3 broadband beamforming network of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable broadband beam pointing in the vertical direction when there is a 3-port input in the 3×3 broadband beamforming network of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. Figure 16This invention presents the gain versus frequency curve of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter. In the diagram: 01, Nolen topology broadband beamforming network; 02, phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase-shifting network; 03, broadband filter antenna array; 0201, first phase difference adjustable broadband power divider; 0202, second phase difference adjustable broadband power divider; 0203, third phase difference adjustable broadband power divider; 0301, first end-fire antenna; 0302, second end-fire antenna; 0303, third end-fire antenna; 0304, fourth end-fire antenna; 0305, fifth end-fire antenna; 0306, sixth end-fire antenna; 0307, ​​isolation copper plate. 0401, First input port; 0402, Second input port; 0403, Third input port; 0101, First same-direction output broadband directional coupler; 0102, Second same-direction output broadband directional coupler; 0103, Third same-direction output broadband directional coupler; 0104, First open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line; 0105, Second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line; 0106, U-shaped transmission line; 0107, First 50-ohm transmission line; 0108, Second 50-ohm transmission line; 0109, Third 50-ohm transmission line; 010101, Upper layer parallel double line, 010102, Lower layer parallel double line, 010103, Floor rectangular groove, 010104, Shorting pin, 010105, Extension line; 010401, Short-circuit branch; 010402, Open-circuit branch; 010403, Microstrip line; 020101, Three-wire coupled broadband power divider; 020102, First adjustable phase shifter; 020103, Second adjustable phase shifter; 020104, First 50-ohm transmission line; 020105, Second 50-ohm transmission line. 02010101, Side line; 02010102, Middle line; 02010103, Bridging resistor; 02010104, Fourth 50-ohm transmission line; 02010105, Fifth 50-ohm transmission line. 02010201, Parallel double line; 02010202, Parallel transmission line; 02010203, First bridging capacitor; 02010204, Second bridging capacitor; 02010205, Third bridging capacitor; 02010206, Bridging inductor; 02010207, DC blocking capacitor; 02010208, Bias resistor; 02010209, Varactor diode; 02010210, First pad; 02010211, Second pad; 02010212, Third pad; 02010213, Shorting pin; 02010214, 50 ohm transmission line; 030101, U-shaped microstrip line; 030102, folded microstrip line; 030103, horizontal microstrip line; 030104, first shorting pin; 030105, second shorting pin; 030106, coplanar waveguide transmission line; 030107, grounded folded microstrip line. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the invention's objective, implementation method, and functions clearer, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0016] The technical specifications used in this embodiment are as follows: Relative bandwidth: >30%; Return loss: >10 dB; Gain roll-off: >15 dB; Horizontal direction: Multibeam radiation Vertical direction: Beam pointing is adjustable like Figure 1 As shown, a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter includes: a Nolen topology broadband beamforming network 01, a phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network 02, a broadband filter antenna array 03, and an input port 04. The Nolen topology broadband beamforming network 01 includes a first co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0101, a second co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0102, a third co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0103, a first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line 0104, a second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line 0105, a U-shaped transmission line 0106, a first 50-ohm connection line 0107, a second 50-ohm connection line 0108, and a third 50-ohm connection line 0109. The first unidirectional output broadband directional coupler 0101 includes an upper parallel double line 010101, a lower parallel double line 010102, a floor rectangular slot 010103, a shorting pin 010104, and an extension line 010105; the second unidirectional output broadband directional coupler 0102 and the third unidirectional output broadband directional coupler 0103 have the same structure as the first unidirectional output broadband directional coupler 0101, but different coupling degrees; The first open-short stub loaded transmission line 0104 includes two short-circuit stubs 010401, two open-circuit stubs 010402, and a microstrip line 010403; the second open-short stub loaded transmission line 0105 has the same structure as the first open-short stub loaded transmission line 0104, but different parameters. The phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider / phase-shifting network 02 includes a first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0201, a second phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0202, and a third phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0203. The first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0201 includes a three-wire coupled broadband power divider 020101, a first adjustable phase shifter 020102, a second adjustable phase shifter 020103, a first 50-ohm transmission line 020104, and a second 50-ohm transmission line 020105. The second phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0202 and the third phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0203 have the same structure as the first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0201. The three-wire coupled broadband power divider 020101 includes a three-wire coupling structure consisting of two side lines 02010101 and a middle line 02010102, a bridging resistor 02010103, a fourth 50-ohm transmission line 02010104, and a fifth 50-ohm transmission line 02010105; the first adjustable phase shifter 020102 includes parallel twin lines 02010201, parallel transmission line 02010202, a first bridging capacitor 02010203, a second bridging capacitor 02010204, and a fifth 50-ohm transmission line 02010105. Three bridging capacitors 02010205, bridging inductor 02010206, DC blocking capacitor 02010207, bias resistor 02010208, varactor diode 02010209, first pad 02010210, second pad 02010211, third pad 02010212, shorting pin 02010213, 50-ohm transmission line 02010214; the second adjustable phase shifter 020103 has the same structure as the first phase shifter circuit 020102, but the external bias voltage changes in opposite directions; The broadband filter antenna array 03 includes a first end-fire antenna 0301, a second end-fire antenna 0302, a third end-fire antenna 0303, a fourth end-fire antenna 0304, a fifth end-fire antenna 0305, a sixth end-fire antenna 0306, and an isolation copper plate 0307. The front side of the first end-fire antenna 0301 includes a U-shaped microstrip line 030101, a folded microstrip line 030102, a horizontal microstrip line 030103, a first shorting pin 030104, a second shorting pin 030105, and a coplanar waveguide transmission line 030106; the back side of the first end-fire antenna 0301 includes a grounded folded microstrip line 030107; the second end-fire antenna 0302, the third end-fire antenna 0303, the fourth end-fire antenna 0304, the fifth end-fire antenna 0305, and the sixth end-fire antenna 0306 have the same structure as the first end-fire antenna 0301.

[0017] The input port 04 includes a first input port 0401, a second input port 0402, and a third input port 0403; the first input port 0401 is connected to the upper left end of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0101; the second input port 0402 is connected to the upper left end of the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0102; the third input port 0403 is connected to the lower left end of the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0102; the upper right ends of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0101 and the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0102 are respectively connected to the left end of the second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line 0105 and the lower left end of the first parallel two-wire coupler 0101; the first... The lower right ends of the first and second co-direction output broadband directional couplers 0101 and 0102 are respectively connected to the left ends of the U-shaped transmission line 0106 and the first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line 0104; the right end of the second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line 0105 is connected to the left end of the first 50-ohm transmission line 0107; the right ends of the U-shaped transmission line 0106 and the first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line 0104 are respectively connected to the upper left and lower left ends of the third co-direction output broadband directional coupler 0103; the upper right and lower right ends of the third co-direction output broadband directional coupler 0103 are respectively connected to the left ends of the second 50-ohm transmission line 0108 and the third 50-ohm transmission line 0109. The right ends of the first 50-ohm transmission line 0107, the second 50-ohm transmission line 0108, and the third 50-ohm transmission line 0109 are respectively connected to the left ends of the third phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0203, the second phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0202, and the first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0201 of the phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider network 02; the upper right and lower right ends of the third phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0203, the second phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0202, and the first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider 0201 are respectively connected to the left ends of the first end-fire antenna 0301, the third end-fire antenna 0303, the fifth end-fire antenna 0305, the second end-fire antenna 0302, the fourth end-fire antenna 0304, and the sixth end-fire antenna 0306 of the broadband filter antenna array 03.

[0018] Furthermore, by adjusting the coupling degree of the first to third unidirectional output broadband directional couplers 0101~0103 to achieve 4.77 dB, 3 dB and 3 dB respectively, the Nolen matrix can obtain broadband constant amplitude output; by setting the phase shift value of the first to second open-short-circuit stubs loading transmission lines 0104~0105 and U-shaped transmission line 0106, three phase difference outputs can be obtained, and the phase curve is flat in the broadband range.

[0019] Furthermore, the phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network 02 achieves differential phase shift control by adjusting the external voltage of the first adjustable phase shifter 020102 and the second adjustable phase shifter 020103, thereby obtaining a 360° adjustable and flat phase difference output within the broadband range.

[0020] Furthermore, by employing the Nolen topology broadband beamforming network 01, multi-beam radiation in the horizontal direction of the broadband filter antenna array 03 can be obtained; by employing the phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network 02, the tunability of the vertical beam pointing of the broadband filter antenna array 03 in different horizontal beam pointing directions can be obtained.

[0021] Furthermore, the first end-fire antenna 0301 can obtain broadband radiation characteristics by using a resonator composed of a horizontal microstrip line 030103 and a grounded folded microstrip line 030107 excited by a coplanar waveguide transmission line 030106.

[0022] Furthermore, by setting a folded microstrip line 030102, the first end-fire antenna 0301 adds a radiation null point in the high-frequency band, further improving the antenna's filtering characteristics and in-band gain flatness.

[0023] Specific embodiments of the present invention are described below.

[0024] In the Nolen topology broadband beamforming network 01, the phase of the through-end of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0101, the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0102, and the third co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0103 is α = 40°, and the phase of the coupling end is β = 130°; Let the coupling degree of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0101 be K1, the coupling degree of the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0102 / 0102 be K2, the coupling degree of the third co-directional output broadband directional coupler 0103 be K3, the phase shift value of the first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line 0104 be θ1, the phase shift value of the second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line 0105 be θ2, and the phase shift value of the bent transmission line 0106 be θ3; the first 50-ohm transmission line 0107, the second 50-ohm transmission line 0108, and the third 50-ohm transmission line 0109 in the Nolen topology broadband beamforming network 01 have no effect on the amplitude of the output signal and the phase of the center frequency. Table 1 shows the coupling degrees of the first to third co-directional output broadband directional couplers 0101~0103 and the phase shift values ​​of the first and second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission lines 0104~0105 and the bent transmission line 0106. By using the coupling degree of each coupler and the phase shift value of each phase shifter in Table 1, we can obtain that when ports 1, 2, and 3 are input respectively, the phase difference between two adjacent output ports of the broadband beamforming network is 90°, 30°, and 155° respectively.

[0025] Table 1

[0026] In the three-wire coupled broadband power divider 020101 of the phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider phase-shifting network 02, the length and width of the side line 02010101 are l1 and w1, respectively, and the length and width of the middle line 02010102 are l2 and w2, respectively. Let the resistance of the bridging resistor be R1. Let the length and width of the parallel double line 02010201 in the first phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider 020102 be l3 and w3, and the length and width of the parallel transmission line 02010202 be l4 and w4, respectively. Let the capacitance of the first to third bridging capacitors 02010203~02010205 be C1. The inductance of the bridging inductor 02010206 is L1, the capacitance of the DC blocking capacitor 02010207 is C4, and the resistance of the bias resistor 02010208 is Rs; the varactor diode is model SMV2020-079LF, with an equivalent capacitance of 0.35 pF ~ 3.2 pF. Table 2 lists the various capacitance, inductance, resistance, and length / width values ​​mentioned above. The phase difference adjustment range between the output ports of this phase-differential adjustable broadband power divider phase-shifting network is 0° ~ 360°.

[0027] Table 2

[0028] Figures 11-16 The resulting curves for this antenna array are shown. Figure 11 As shown, the antenna array has |S11| less than -10 dB in the range of 1.61 GHz to 2.27 GHz, and the impedance matching bandwidth can reach 34%, which indicates that the input port has good matching characteristics and a wide impedance bandwidth.

[0029] Figure 12 As shown, when the phase difference of the adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network is 0°, and the phase difference between two adjacent output ports of the Nolen topology broadband beamforming network is 30°, 90°, and 155° respectively, the array antenna can generate three beam pointing directions in the horizontal direction with angles of 8°, 22°, and 36° respectively.

[0030] Figure 13 As shown, when the phase difference between two adjacent output ports of the Nolen topology broadband beamforming network is 90°, and the phase differences of the adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network are 45°, 90°, 270°, and 315° respectively, the antenna array can achieve beam pointing adjustment of ±30° in the vertical direction with a horizontal pointing of 22°.

[0031] Figure 14As shown, when the phase difference between two adjacent output ports of the Nolen topology broadband beamforming network is 30°, and the phase differences of the adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network are 45°, 90°, 270°, and 315° respectively, the antenna array can achieve beam pointing adjustment of ±30° in the vertical direction with a horizontal pointing of 8°.

[0032] Figure 15 As shown, when the phase difference between two adjacent output ports of the Nolen topology broadband beamforming network is 155°, and the phase differences of the phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network are 45°, 90°, 270°, and 315° respectively, the antenna array can obtain a beam pointing adjustment of ±30° in the vertical direction with a horizontal pointing of 36°.

[0033] Figure 16 The figure shows the gain versus frequency curve of a two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to the present invention. This shows that the antenna array has filtering characteristics and an out-of-band gain roll-off greater than 20dB.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter, characterized in that... include: Nolen topology broadband beamforming network (01), phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network (02), broadband filter antenna array (03) and input port (04). The Nolen topology broadband beamforming network (01) includes a first co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0101), a second co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0102), a third co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0103), a first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line (0104), a second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line (0105), a U-shaped transmission line (0106), a first 50-ohm connection line (0107), a second 50-ohm connection line (0108), and a third 50-ohm connection line (0109). The first unidirectional output broadband directional coupler (0101) includes an upper parallel double line (010101), a lower parallel double line (010102), a rectangular slot in the floor (010103), a shorting pin (010104), and an extension line (010105); the second unidirectional output broadband directional coupler (0102) and the third unidirectional output broadband directional coupler (0103) have the same structure as the first unidirectional output broadband directional coupler (0101), but different coupling degrees; The first open-short stub loaded transmission line (0104) includes two short-circuit stubs (010401), two open-circuit stubs (010402), and a microstrip line (010403); the second open-short stub loaded transmission line (0105) has the same structure as the first open-short stub loaded transmission line (0104), but different parameters. The phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider phase-shifting network (02) includes a first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0201), a second phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0202), and a third phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0203); the first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0201) includes a three-wire coupled broadband power divider (020101), a first adjustable phase shifter (020102), a second adjustable phase shifter (020103), a first 50-ohm transmission line (020104), and a second 50-ohm transmission line (020105); the second phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0202) and the third phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0203) have the same structure as the first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0201); The three-wire coupled broadband power divider (020101) includes a three-wire coupled structure consisting of two side lines (02010101) and a middle line (02010102), a bridging resistor (02010103), a fourth 50-ohm transmission line (02010104), and a fifth 50-ohm transmission line (02010105); the first adjustable phase shifter (020102) includes parallel double lines (02010201), a parallel transmission line (02010202), a first bridging capacitor (02010203), a second bridging capacitor (02010204), and a third... The components include a bridging capacitor (02010205), a bridging inductor (02010206), a DC blocking capacitor (02010207), a bias resistor (02010208), a varactor diode (02010209), a first pad (02010210), a second pad (02010211), a third pad (02010212), a shorting pin (02010213), and a 50-ohm transmission line (02010214). The second adjustable phase shifter (020103) has the same structure as the first phase shifter circuit (020102), but the external bias voltage changes in the opposite direction. The broadband filter antenna array (03) includes a first end-fire antenna (0301), a second end-fire antenna (0302), a third end-fire antenna (0303), a fourth end-fire antenna (0304), a fifth end-fire antenna (0305), a sixth end-fire antenna (0306), and an isolation copper plate (0307). The front side of the first end-fire antenna (0301) includes a U-shaped microstrip line (030101), a folded microstrip line (030102), a horizontal microstrip line (030103), a first shorting pin (030104), a second shorting pin (030105), and a coplanar waveguide transmission line (030106); the back side of the first end-fire antenna (0301) includes a grounded folded microstrip line (030107); the second end-fire antenna (0302), the third end-fire antenna (0303), the fourth end-fire antenna (0304), the fifth end-fire antenna (0305), and the sixth end-fire antenna (0306) have the same structure as the first end-fire antenna (0301); The input port (04) includes a first input port (0401), a second input port (0402), and a third input port (0403); the first input port (0401) is connected to the upper left end of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0101); the second input port (0402) is connected to the upper left end of the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0102); the third input port (0403) is connected to the lower left end of the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0102); the upper right ends of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0101) and the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0102) are respectively connected to the left end of the second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line (0105) and the lower left end of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0101). The lower right ends of the first co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0101) and the second co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0102) are respectively connected to the left end of the U-shaped transmission line (0106) and the left end of the first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line (0104); the right end of the second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line (0105) is connected to the left end of the first 50-ohm transmission line (0107); the right ends of the U-shaped transmission line (0106) and the first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line (0104) are respectively connected to the upper left end and the lower left end of the third co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0103); the upper right end and the lower right end of the third co-directional output broadband directional coupler (0103) are respectively connected to the left ends of the second 50-ohm transmission line (0108) and the third 50-ohm transmission line (0109); The right ends of the first 50-ohm transmission line (0107), the second 50-ohm transmission line (0108), and the third 50-ohm transmission line (0109) are respectively connected to the left ends of the third phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0203), the second phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0202), and the first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0201) of the phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider network (02); the upper right and lower right ends of the third phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0203), the second phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0202), and the first phase-difference adjustable broadband power divider (0201) are respectively connected to the left ends of the first end-fire antenna (0301), the third end-fire antenna (0303), the fifth end-fire antenna (0305), the second end-fire antenna (0302), the fourth end-fire antenna (0304), and the sixth end-fire antenna (0306) of the broadband filter antenna array (03).

2. The two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: By adjusting the coupling degrees of the first to third unidirectional output broadband directional couplers (0101~0103), respectively, 4.77 dB, 3 dB and 3 dB are achieved, and the Nolen matrix is ​​controlled to obtain broadband constant amplitude output. By setting the phase shift values ​​of the first open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line (0104), the second open-short-circuit stub loaded transmission line (0105) and the U-shaped transmission line (0106), three phase difference outputs are obtained, and the phase curve is flat in the broadband range.

3. The two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network (02) achieves differential phase shift control by adjusting the external voltage of the first adjustable phase shifter (020102) and the second adjustable phase shifter (020103), thereby obtaining a 360° adjustable and flat phase difference output within the broadband range.

4. A two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: By employing a Nolen topology broadband beamforming network (01), multi-beam radiation in the horizontal direction of the broadband filter antenna array (03) is obtained; by employing a phase difference adjustable broadband power divider phase shifter network (02), the vertical beam pointing of the broadband filter antenna array (03) is adjustable for different horizontal beam pointing directions.

5. A two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first end-fire antenna (0301) obtains its broadband radiation characteristics by utilizing the resonance generated by the coplanar waveguide transmission line (030106), the excited horizontal microstrip line (030103), and the grounded folded microstrip line (030107).

6. A two-dimensional beam-controlled broadband filter antenna array driven by a Nolen matrix and an adjustable phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: A folded microstrip line (030102) is provided in the first end-fire antenna (0301) to increase the radiation null point of the antenna in the high-frequency band, thereby improving the antenna's filtering characteristics and in-band gain flatness.

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