Urban and rural level new energy assembly automatic cleaning system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to an urban and rural level new energy assembly automatic cleaning system and method.The urban and rural level new energy assembly automatic cleaning system comprises a rainwater collecting module, a photovoltaic assembly array is used as a rainwater collecting face, a negative pressure suction module is arranged on the periphery of each photovoltaic assembly, and each negative pressure suction module comprises a miniature vacuum generator, a negative pressure water collecting cavity, a suction pipeline network and a drainage valve; the drain valve is sequentially connected with the water purification treatment module and the water storage device through a pipeline; when the water level of the water storage device is higher than a set lower limit, the pollution degree of the photovoltaic module reaches a threshold value, and the weather and the temperature of the module meet set permissible conditions, the intelligent control module controls the micro vacuum generator and the drain valve to be powered on and powered off. And the intelligent control module automatically starts a cleaning program to clean the photovoltaic module array. According to the invention, multiple cleaning methods such as gas / water / water and gas are automatically controlled to clean the panel, so that the photovoltaic module can be automatically cleaned as required or regularly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation system operation and maintenance technology, and in particular to an automatic cleaning system and method for new energy components in urban and rural areas based on rainwater harvesting and utilization. Background Technology

[0002] As the core component of a photovoltaic (PV) power generation system, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) modules directly determines the energy output and economic returns of the entire system. The light transmittance of the module's glass surface is one of the key factors affecting its conversion efficiency. In actual operating environments, dust, sand, pollen, bird droppings, oil, and other contaminants inevitably accumulate on the module surface. These contaminants create shading, significantly reducing the glass's light transmittance and leading to a loss of power generation efficiency. Studies show that in heavily polluted areas, uncleaned PV modules can experience a power generation efficiency loss of 15% to 30%, and under certain conditions (such as sticky bird droppings), can even cause severe "hot spot effects," permanently damaging the cells. This loss of power generation directly translates into reduced economic benefits, impacting the project's return on investment. To address these issues, the cleaning and maintenance of PV modules is particularly important in the operation and maintenance of PV power generation systems.

[0003] Currently, cleaning photovoltaic (PV) modules faces several challenges: First, there's a conflict between cleaning frequency and cost. Unlike centralized PV power plants with a large number of modules, distributed PV power plants, due to cost and resource constraints, struggle to utilize large or medium-sized machinery or high-frequency manual or mechanical cleaning, relying primarily on low-frequency manual cleaning. Second, there's dependence on water resources and geographical limitations. In arid or water-scarce areas, traditional flushing cleaning methods are difficult to implement due to scarce and extremely high water costs. In hard water areas, mineral deposits on the module surface form scale, further reducing light transmittance. Third, there are safety risks. For rooftop PV systems, manual cleaning carries the risk of falls from heights, and improper operation during cleaning can cause mechanical damage (such as scratching glass) or electrical safety risks.

[0004] For example, patent application CN207700269U discloses a photovoltaic power station photovoltaic panel rainwater collection system, which includes several photovoltaic panels, a fixing frame and a water collection part. The photovoltaic panels are arranged in two rows on the fixing frame, and the water collection part is located below the photovoltaic panels. The fixing frame includes inclined beams for mounting the photovoltaic panels. There are gaps between the two adjacent rows of photovoltaic panels. The water collection part includes a first water collection component, a second water collection component and a water storage tank, which collects and stores rainwater on the photovoltaic panels on a per-row basis. Patent application CN208728071U discloses a photovoltaic panel cleaning device with rainwater collection function, including a driven pulley, photovoltaic panel, scraper, lead screw, electromagnet, valve plate, water tank, spring, nut, drive pulley, limit switch, servo motor, trough plate, baffle, bottom mounting plate, rubber strip, and through hole. The device achieves rapid cleaning of photovoltaic panels by setting up a water tank and scraper. The water tank structure is simple and can collect rainwater for use on sunny days, thus saving water to a certain extent. The electromagnet control is simple and convenient. Patent application CN216219251U discloses a solar photovoltaic panel rainwater harvesting device integrated with ecological agriculture. The device includes a column with a steel beam at its top. Purlins are mounted on the steel beam, and solar photovoltaic panels are mounted on the purlins. A water guide channel is bolted to the bottom of the steel beam. A filter screen is installed inside the water guide channel. A water storage tank is located below the water guide channel. A water outlet pipe connects the water guide channel and the water storage tank. A fixing plate is installed inside the water storage tank. An activated carbon filter plate is connected between the top of the water storage tank and the fixing plate. The activated carbon filter plate divides the interior of the water storage tank into a sedimentation chamber and a water storage chamber. The sedimentation chamber is equipped with a sewage discharge device. An irrigation pipe with irrigation nozzles is located on one side of the water storage tank.

[0005] As disclosed in the three patent applications above, these technical solutions have made some explorations and applications in the collection and application of rainwater from photovoltaic modules. However, most of them are directly discharged or used for irrigation after collection. The methods used for cleaning photovoltaic modules are mostly traditional cleaning methods that combine brushing and washing, which involve the cleaning and maintenance of brushes and have a low degree of automation.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies lack an intelligent cleaning device and method that can simultaneously achieve high efficiency, water conservation, low cost, high safety, and adaptability to distributed photovoltaic modules. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an innovative solution to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention provides a distributed photovoltaic (PV) module cleaning system and method that utilizes clean rainwater as a water source. This system uses the surface of the PV panel as a rainwater collection surface, purifying the collected rainwater in stages to meet usage standards before using it as a water source for cleaning the PV panel. By installing cleaning pipes and dual-purpose water / air nozzles on the side of the PV module, and through an automatic control system, multiple cleaning methods such as air / water / water + air are used to clean the panel, achieving the purpose of automatically cleaning the PV module on demand or periodically.

[0008] This system offers advantages such as water conservation, environmental friendliness, and reduced operation and maintenance costs, solving the problems of clean water shortages, high costs, and limited use in areas with hard water in existing technologies. Furthermore, photovoltaic modules themselves act as a large, underutilized rainwater collection surface; during rainfall, rainwater on the module surface is typically drained away directly. This invention cleverly resolves this contradiction, achieving a closed-loop management and utilization system that uses rainwater to control dust.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an automatic cleaning system for urban and rural renewable energy components, comprising: The rainwater harvesting module utilizes the photovoltaic module array itself as the rainwater collection surface. The photovoltaic module array is installed at an angle of 0° to 5°. A negative pressure suction module is installed around each photovoltaic module. The negative pressure suction module includes a micro vacuum generator, a negative pressure water collection chamber, a suction pipeline network, and a drain valve. The micro vacuum generator is connected to the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber to generate negative pressure within the chamber. The negative pressure water collection chamber is a sealed container, with its side walls connected to the suction pipeline network via multiple suction branch pipes. A drain valve is located at the bottom. The suction pipeline network consists of a capillary network laid along the edge of the photovoltaic module. The end of the suction pipeline network is equipped with an anti-clogging suction head. A one-way valve is installed at the connection between the suction branch pipes of the suction pipeline network and the negative pressure water collection chamber. The drain valve is connected to a water purification module and a water storage device in sequence via pipelines. The water purification module includes at least one multi-stage filtration unit and at least one disinfection unit. The multi-stage filtration unit is a cylindrical container and includes, from top to bottom, a cyclone separation layer, a media filtration layer, a carbonized purification layer, and a precision filtration layer. The disinfection unit includes an ultraviolet sterilizer installed on the pipeline before the purified wastewater flows into the wastewater storage device. The cleaning execution module includes a power system, a water distribution system, and a spraying system. The power system includes a water path for drawing water from a wastewater storage device using a low-pressure water pump, an air path for providing high-pressure air using an air compressor, and solenoid valves for controlling the opening and closing of the water and air paths. The water distribution system includes a main pipe laid horizontally along the outside of the photovoltaic module array and branch pipes laid vertically along the photovoltaic module array. The spraying system includes cleaning nozzles positioned above the midpoint of the seam between adjacent horizontally adjacent photovoltaic module arrays, positioned at the outermost apex of the photovoltaic module array, and spaced apart at the center of adjacent apex corners of the modules, as well as a fixing bracket that longitudinally connects and fixes the cleaning nozzles. The cleaning nozzles are water-air two-fluid nozzles. The sensor module includes a high-precision liquid level sensor installed at the lowest point inside the frame of the photovoltaic module for detecting the surface liquid level and a float-type liquid level sensor installed inside the negative pressure water collection chamber. The high-precision liquid level sensor is used as a threshold for system startup, and the float-type liquid level sensor is used for threshold startup determination of drainage from the negative pressure water collection chamber. The intelligent control module includes a low-power microcontroller integrated relay drive circuit for rainwater collection control and a PLC or embedded controller as the control core. The intelligent control module receives signals from the sensor module to control the power supply of the micro vacuum generator and the drain valve. When the water level in the water storage device is higher than the set lower limit, the contamination level of the photovoltaic module reaches the threshold, and the weather and module temperature meet the set allowable conditions, the intelligent control module automatically starts the cleaning program to clean the photovoltaic module array.

[0010] Preferably, the micro vacuum generator uses a small oil-free electromagnetic piston pump, which is connected to the air inlet at the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber via a pipeline; The negative pressure water collection chamber is a transparent PVC cylinder with a volume of 1 to 2 liters. Its side wall is equipped with four suction branch pipe interfaces. Each interface is equipped with a one-way valve and is connected to the anti-clogging suction head laid in the low-lying area at the four corners of the component through a silicone capillary branch pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the high-precision liquid level sensor is set to activate a water film height of 0.5~1mm; the float-type liquid level sensor is located 5~8cm from the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the inlet of the vortex separation layer is located at the edge of the upper end of the cylinder, and the water outlet of the water delivery pipe flows obliquely downward along the inner wall, so that the water flow forms a rotating water flow in the vortex separation layer, with a thickness of 8-12cm. The media filter layer is made of quartz sand, with a thickness of 10-15cm and a quartz sand particle size of 0.5-2mm, and the particle size decreases from top to bottom; The activated carbon purification layer is made of activated carbon particles with a particle size of 2-6 mm and a thickness of 3-8 cm. The precision filtration layer uses a 5-10 micron PP cotton cartridge filter.

[0013] Preferably, the cleaning nozzles oscillate and spray water in a scanning manner along the width of the photovoltaic module panel, with the apex of the fixed support as the axis and perpendicular to the panel. The maximum oscillation angle of the cleaning nozzles is 120°, and the furthest point covers the outer edge of the photovoltaic module panel on both sides of the cleaning nozzles. The angle between the spray water flow of the cleaning nozzles and the plane of the furthest photovoltaic module is within 30°, and the pressure of the cleaning nozzles increases with the oscillation angle. The cleaning nozzles located at the four outermost corners of the photovoltaic module array have a maximum oscillation amplitude of 60° and spray only the corresponding inner photovoltaic module. The cleaning nozzle cleans the adjacent photovoltaic module areas on both sides of the nozzle, and the area sprayed by the cleaning nozzle on each photovoltaic module panel is an isosceles trapezoid. The side of the isosceles trapezoid closest to the nozzle is the upper base of the trapezoid, which is located at the middle 1 / 3 position of the photovoltaic module panel's three-part division line. The corresponding far side is the lower base of the isosceles trapezoid, and the length of the lower base is twice that of the upper base. The isosceles trapezoid is symmetrical about the horizontal centerline of the photovoltaic module.

[0014] Preferably, the spraying area of ​​the cleaning nozzle located at the apex of the edge of the photovoltaic module panel is the photovoltaic module panel that is horizontally adjacent to the cleaning nozzle on both sides, and the spraying area is 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 of the spraying area of ​​the central cleaning nozzle. The nozzles located at the edge of the photovoltaic module array are irregular nozzles with a fan shape on one side and a rectangle on the other. The spray range on the side closest to the edge of the photovoltaic module array is 1 / 2 of that of the other nozzles, and the edge is rectangular, consistent with the edge of the photovoltaic module array.

[0015] Preferably, the setting parameters of the cleaning nozzle include: The photovoltaic panel has a horizontal width of 'a' and a vertical length of 'b'. The cleaning nozzle is 'h' above the photovoltaic panel. Then: h ; If the nozzle opening angle is α, then tg(α / 2) = ; The oscillation speed of the cleaning nozzle is 0.1~0.15m / s.

[0016] Preferably, the cleaning procedure includes the following steps: Phase 1: Pre-treatment. First, the power system uses high-pressure air to blow clean the surface of the photovoltaic module array through the air circuit. Then, for the existing dirt, the power system uses low-pressure atomized spray through the water circuit. All cleaning nozzles are turned on at the same time to wet the surface of the photovoltaic module array. Phase 2: Core cleaning. The power system is activated, and the air and water circuits are used to spray the surface of the photovoltaic module array with a boosted airflow and water flow. All cleaning nozzles are activated simultaneously to rinse at least once. The third stage: rinsing and drying. After the airflow and water rinsing, the power system uses fan-shaped nozzles through the water path to perform a high-pressure water rinsing. Then, the power system uses high-pressure air through the air path to blow away the surface of the photovoltaic module array and remove the residual water droplets. In the third stage, the nozzles are opened in stages from high to low according to the photovoltaic module array. After one row of nozzles is sprayed, another row is opened. The interval between the air jet drying and the previous procedure is more than 30 seconds.

[0017] Preferably, the intelligent control module collects rainwater by including: Monitoring is conducted by using a liquid level sensor to monitor the water accumulation status. Start-up and suction: When rainfall or water accumulation reaches a preset threshold, the intelligent control module starts the micro vacuum generator to establish negative pressure in the negative pressure water collection chamber. Rainwater on the surface of the photovoltaic module is then sucked into the negative pressure water collection chamber through the suction pipeline network. Drainage: When the liquid level in the negative pressure water collection chamber reaches the high level set value, the intelligent control module shuts down the micro vacuum generator and opens the drain valve to discharge the water collected in the chamber to the sewage storage device. The system can cycle or stop. After drainage is complete, the drain valve is closed. If the water accumulation signal continues, the system returns to start the next suction-drainage cycle. If the rainfall stops and there is no water accumulation signal, the system enters the delayed shutdown procedure. After the residual water is drained, the system enters standby mode. Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic cleaning method for urban and rural level new energy modules, wherein the automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy modules automatically cleans the surface of the photovoltaic module array using the following steps: Step S1, Real-time monitoring and demand assessment: Continuously monitor the power generation efficiency loss rate of photovoltaic modules. When the efficiency loss rate continuously exceeds the set threshold T1, it is determined that there is a need for cleaning. Step S2, Resource and Environmental Permission Assessment: Upon receiving a cleaning request, check the real-time water level of the water storage device to determine if it exceeds the water volume required for a single cleaning session; simultaneously, obtain the weather forecast for the next 12 hours through the meteorological data interface to confirm that there is no rainfall and the wind speed is below level 3; and the photovoltaic module panel temperature is 45℃>T>5℃; if all three conditions are met, proceed to the next step; otherwise, wait and continue monitoring. Step S3, Dynamic setting of cleaning parameters: Read the data from the water quality sensor and dynamically fine-tune the pressure mixing ratio of water and air in the cleaning program according to the water conductivity or turbidity parameters; Step S4: Zoned Pulse Cleaning Execution: Divide the photovoltaic module array into multiple cleaning zones, and clean each zone sequentially using the cleaning program; when cleaning a single zone, control the two-fluid nozzles to spray a water-air mixture in an intermittent pulse mode; Step S5, Closed-loop verification of cleaning effect: After the cleaning operation is completed, continuously monitor the power generation efficiency recovery curve of the photovoltaic module; if the efficiency recovers to the expected level, record that the cleaning is effective; if the recovery is not obvious, generate an abnormal alarm message. Step S6, Data Recording and Strategy Optimization: The triggering conditions, execution parameters, water consumption and effect data of this cleaning are stored in the database to optimize the future cleaning trigger threshold T1 and water-air mixing parameters.

[0018] Based on the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention are: Water resource recycling: It makes full use of natural resources and realizes a green closed loop of "collection-purification-use". By precisely setting cleaning methods and processes, it greatly reduces dependence on external water sources and operation and maintenance water costs.

[0019] Eliminating the risk of limescale: Through multi-stage purification (especially softening treatment), high-quality clean water is provided, fundamentally avoiding secondary damage to the light transmittance of photovoltaic modules caused by hard water and limescale.

[0020] Improved cleaning efficiency: The combination of water, air and other cleaning methods can automatically and quickly clean and dry photovoltaic modules without dead angles, while avoiding mechanical damage caused by other cleaning methods such as brushing.

[0021] Automation and intelligence: The system has a high degree of integration, enabling fully automatic operation, reducing manual intervention, maintenance intensity and security risks.

[0022] Environmentally friendly: The entire system does not introduce chemical cleaning agents, and the purification process has no pollution emissions, embodying the concept of green environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 A top-view diagram of the rainwater harvesting module; Figure 2 This is a side view of the rainwater harvesting module; Figure 3 A side view diagram of a single cleaning nozzle during cleaning; Figure 4 A top-view diagram showing the spray range of a single cleaning nozzle on a photovoltaic module panel; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sprinkler system in operation; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a fan-shaped sprinkler head spraying water. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an irregularly shaped nozzle spraying system. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] This invention provides an automatic cleaning system for new energy components in urban and rural areas, which consists of the following five modules: rainwater collection module, water purification module, cleaning execution module, sensor module, and intelligent control module.

[0026] The rainwater harvesting module utilizes the photovoltaic module array itself as the rainwater collection surface. The installation tilt angle of the photovoltaic module array is between 0° and 5°. A negative pressure suction module 1 is provided around each photovoltaic module. The negative pressure suction module 1 includes a micro vacuum generator 2, a negative pressure water collection chamber 3, a suction pipeline network 4, and a drain valve. The micro vacuum generator 2 is connected to the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber 3 to generate negative pressure within the chamber. The negative pressure water collection chamber 3 is a sealed container, with its side walls connected to the suction pipeline network 4 via multiple suction branch pipes 5, and a drain valve at the bottom. The suction pipeline network consists of a capillary network laid along the edge of the photovoltaic module. The end of the suction pipeline network 4 is equipped with an anti-clogging suction head, and a one-way valve is provided at the connection between the suction branch pipes 5 of the suction pipeline network 4 and the negative pressure water collection chamber 3. The drain valve is connected to a water purification module and a water storage device in sequence via pipelines.

[0027] Because horizontally installed photovoltaic modules are tilted at an angle of 0° to 5°, rainwater cannot be discharged naturally by gravity, resulting in a large amount of rainwater evaporating or stagnating, which reduces the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and makes it impossible to effectively collect rainwater.

[0028] In response to the above situations, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a negative pressure suction module 1 is set around each photovoltaic module, including a micro vacuum generator 2, a negative pressure water collection chamber 3, a suction pipeline network 4, and a drainage control valve.

[0029] A miniature vacuum generator 2 is connected to the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber 3 to generate negative pressure within the chamber. The negative pressure water collection chamber 3 is a sealed container, with its sidewalls connected to a suction pipeline network 4 via multiple suction branch pipes 5, and a drain control valve at the bottom. The suction pipeline network 4 consists of a capillary network laid along the edge of the photovoltaic module, with anti-clogging suction heads at its ends. A one-way valve is installed at the connection between the capillary branch pipes and the negative pressure water collection chamber 3.

[0030] The miniature vacuum generator 2 uses a small, oil-free electromagnetic piston pump, which is connected to the air inlet at the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber 3 via a pipeline. This chamber is a transparent PVC cylinder with a volume of approximately 1-2 liters. Its side wall has four suction branch pipe interfaces 5, each equipped with a one-way valve to prevent backflow of water vapor, and connected to anti-clogging suction heads placed in the low-lying areas at the four corners of the assembly via 4mm inner diameter silicone capillary tubes. The drain outlet at the bottom of the chamber is controlled by a normally closed solenoid valve.

[0031] Water storage devices: Depending on the available space, each water storage device can be installed below the photovoltaic modules corresponding to each cleaning system for use by that specific system. Alternatively, one or two devices can be installed in a fixed location for use by all cleaning systems. The water storage devices use opaque (e.g., black HDPE material) sealed tanks to prevent direct sunlight and algae growth.

[0032] The specifications of the water storage device are determined after comprehensive calculation and evaluation based on factors such as the corresponding photovoltaic panel area, the average rainfall of the driest month in the past 5 years, the longest rainless period, and the cleaning frequency, taking into account both water consumption and the storage capacity. The water storage device is equipped with a water level sensor (such as a float-type or ultrasonic type) for real-time water level monitoring. An overflow pipe is also installed to safely discharge excess water. If the rainwater storage capacity is insufficient, tap water or groundwater can be added as needed.

[0033] Furthermore, the water purification module includes at least one multi-stage filtration unit and at least one disinfection unit. The multi-stage filtration unit is a cylindrical container and includes, from top to bottom, a cyclone separation layer, a media filtration layer, a carbonized purification layer, and a precision filtration layer. The disinfection unit includes an ultraviolet sterilizer installed on the pipeline before the purified water flows into the water storage device.

[0034] Compared to groundwater or tap water (especially hard water in northern regions), rainwater has a very low hardness (calcium and magnesium ion content), which is a significant advantage as clean water because it greatly reduces the likelihood of limescale buildup on photovoltaic module glass. Large particles of pollutants in rainwater, such as leaves and dust, are filtered and preliminarily settled in the drainage channel. Other pollutants, such as fine dust particles, pollen, acidic or alkaline chemicals, and heavy metals, need to be treated in this module. Therefore, this module is crucial for ensuring the quality of clean water and improving the overall cleaning process.

[0035] Water purification modules are divided into two types according to the water storage method: split type, which adopts centralized water storage and can be set up separately after the water supply pipe and connected to the water storage container; integrated type, which adopts a separate water storage device for each cleaning system and can combine the water purification module and the water storage device into one integrated device, that is, the purification module is on the top and the water storage module is on the bottom, and the modules are connected by pipes.

[0036] Multi-stage filtration unit: The multi-stage filtration unit is a cylindrical container, with different functional cylindrical sections arranged from top to bottom according to the filtration sequence. Specifically, it includes the following functional sections: The first stage is the vortex separation layer: collected rainwater flows into this layer through a water supply pipe. The inlet is located at the upper edge of the cylinder, and the water flows out of the pipe obliquely downwards along the inner wall, creating a rotating flow within the vortex separation layer. Heavier particles like sand and fine stones are separated secondary by the centrifugal force generated by the vortex and retained at the bottom edge of the vortex separation layer. Preferably, to enhance the vortex, turbine-shaped guide vanes can be installed on the inner wall along the water flow direction, "splitting" the straight water flow towards a common direction, thus inducing eddies.

[0037] The purified water flows into the next layer from the outlet located at the center of the bottom of the device. A filter screen is covered on the outlet to prevent particles from flowing into the lower layer. The thickness of the cyclone separation layer is 8-12cm (the following specifications are for integrated devices; the thickness can be increased for split devices as needed).

[0038] The second stage is the media filter layer: This layer is made up of layers of quartz sand to filter rainwater again, effectively removing tiny suspended solids and colloids from the water. The particle size is selected from 0.5 to 2 mm, and the particle size decreases from top to bottom. The filter layer thickness is 10 to 15 cm.

[0039] The third stage is the activated carbon purification layer: This layer is made of activated carbon granules that adsorb organic matter, pigments, and odors in the water and remove some heavy metals. The particle size is selected from 2 to 6 mm, which can combine purification effect and fluid permeability. The layer thickness is 3 to 8 cm.

[0040] The fourth stage, precision filtration layer: This layer uses a 5-10 micron PP cotton filter cartridge as the final guarantee to ensure that there are no solid particles in the water and to prevent clogging of subsequent nozzles.

[0041] In areas with high water hardness, when rainwater storage is insufficient and tap water or groundwater needs to be added, an ion exchange resin water softener can be added after filtration to effectively remove calcium and magnesium ions and prevent scale formation.

[0042] Disinfection Unit (for Long-Term Water Storage): Due to the need for long-term water storage, to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms that could alter water quality, a UV sterilizer can be used to momentarily irradiate the water flowing through the pipe before it enters the storage device after purification, killing bacteria and viruses. This is a physical disinfection method, leaving no chemical residue, not altering the chemical properties of the water, and having no negative impact on components or the environment. The UV sterilizer is activated by a connected water flow sensor, starting when water is flowing and turning off when there is no water flow.

[0043] The multi-stage filtration and disinfection units mentioned above can be added or removed as needed based on the pollutants and their levels in the water. Each internal module, layer, and unit can be assembled independently, facilitating cleaning, replacement, and additions / removals; however, the purification sequence should remain unchanged during installation. The entire process requires no electricity, relying entirely on gravity. Regular backwashing and filter replacement are sufficient, making it environmentally friendly and energy-efficient.

[0044] The cleaning execution module includes a power system, a water distribution system, and a spraying system. The power system includes a water path for drawing water from a water storage device using a low-pressure water pump, an air path for providing high-pressure air using an air compressor, and a solenoid valve for controlling the opening and closing of the water path and the air path. The water distribution system includes a main pipe laid horizontally along the outside of the photovoltaic module array and branch pipes laid vertically along the photovoltaic module array. The spraying system includes cleaning nozzles 6 positioned above the midpoint of the seam between adjacent horizontally adjacent photovoltaic module arrays, positioned at the outermost apex of the photovoltaic module array, and spaced apart at the center of adjacent apex corners of the modules, as well as a fixing bracket 7 that longitudinally connects and fixes the cleaning nozzles 6. The cleaning nozzles 6 are water-air two-fluid nozzles.

[0045] The power system includes a water circuit (using a low-pressure water pump to draw water from a storage tank), an air circuit (using an air compressor to supply high-pressure air), and solenoid valves controlling the on / off state of the water and air circuits. The water circuit uses a low-pressure water pump (such as a diaphragm pump) to draw water from the storage tank; the pump power needs to be matched according to the number of nozzles, pipe resistance, and required pressure. The air circuit uses an air compressor to supply high-pressure air. Different solenoid valves control the on / off state of the water and air circuits respectively.

[0046] Water distribution system: The main pipe is laid horizontally along the outside of the photovoltaic module array. When the photovoltaic modules are installed at an angle, the main pipe is installed at the higher end of the module, and the branch pipes are laid longitudinally along the photovoltaic modules according to the position of the sprinkler heads. The pipe material must be weather-resistant and UV-resistant (such as black PE pipe).

[0047] Spray system: The position and height of the cleaning nozzle 6 play an extremely important role in the cleaning effect and efficiency. The height and position selected by this invention can not only clean sticky stains and other dirt efficiently without dead angles, but also minimize the number of nozzles, thereby saving water and reducing costs.

[0048] Cleaning nozzle location: such as Figure 5 As shown, the cleaning nozzles 6 located inside the photovoltaic module array are installed above the midpoint of the seam between the horizontally adjacent photovoltaic module units and are fixed by the vertically connected fixing brackets 7. The fixing brackets 7 are parallel to the photovoltaic module plane and form a bracket network above the photovoltaic module. The cleaning nozzles 6 located at the edge of the entire photovoltaic module array are located at the outermost top corner of the photovoltaic module. The horizontal cleaning nozzles 6 are set at every other corner, and the vertical cleaning nozzles 6 are set at each top corner.

[0049] Cleaning nozzle 6 is a fan-shaped water-air dual-fluid nozzle that supports one-button switching between water and air spray modes. The width and pressure of the water / air flow can be adjusted via the valve core. This dual-use nozzle offers three cleaning modes: air-only, water-only, and air + water. Different modes can be selected based on the cleaning program's needs, improving cleaning efficiency and saving water. Cleaning nozzle 6 is made of weather-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials such as ceramic or stainless steel. Windproof and splash-proof baffles, 10-15cm high, are installed at the outer edge of the photovoltaic module array.

[0050] Run: such as Figure 3 As shown, the cleaning nozzle 6, with the apex of the fixed bracket as its axis, sweeps and sprays water perpendicularly to the photovoltaic module panel 8 along the width of the panel, with a maximum swing angle of 120 degrees, covering the outer edges of the module panels on both sides of the nozzle. The angle between the sprayed water flow and the plane of the furthest module is within 30°, and the pressure of the cleaning nozzle 6 increases appropriately with the increase of the swing angle. The nozzles located at the four outermost corners of the photovoltaic module have a maximum swing amplitude of 60 degrees, spraying only the corresponding inner photovoltaic module panel. The spacing between the photovoltaic module arrays should be within an appropriate range, such as less than 30mm, to ensure that the spraying range of the nozzles adequately covers the surface.

[0051] Partition pulse cleaning: such as Figure 5 As shown, the photovoltaic module array is divided into multiple areas, which are cleaned in turn by solenoid valves. This not only reduces the instantaneous flow rate requirement of the water pump, but also allows each module to receive maximum impact force. The cleaning nozzle 6 adopts a pulse mode (spray for 2 seconds, pause for 1 second), which utilizes the water hammer effect to more effectively vibrate and remove stubborn stains while preventing excessive water waste and avoiding cleaning dead spots.

[0052] The cleaning nozzle 6 in the middle position cleans the adjacent photovoltaic module units on both sides of the nozzle. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the cleaning nozzle 6 here is a fan-shaped nozzle, and the area sprayed by the fan-shaped nozzle on each photovoltaic module is an isosceles trapezoid. The side of the trapezoid closest to the nozzle is the upper base of the trapezoid, located at the middle 1 / 3 position of the photovoltaic module's three-part division line, and the corresponding far side is the lower base of the trapezoid, with a length twice that of the upper base. This trapezoid is symmetrical about the horizontal centerline of the photovoltaic module.

[0053] Similarly, the cleaning nozzle 6 located at the edge apex of the photovoltaic module is also responsible for the photovoltaic units that are horizontally adjacent to the nozzle on both sides, but the spraying area is 1 / 4 (the nozzles at the four apex of the photovoltaic module) or 1 / 2 (the other edge nozzles) of the spraying area of ​​the central nozzle.

[0054] like Figure 7 As shown, the nozzles located at the edge of the entire photovoltaic module group are irregular nozzles with a fan shape on one side and a rectangle on the other. The spray range on the side closest to the module edge is 1 / 2 of that of the other nozzles, and the edge is the same as the module edge, which is rectangular.

[0055] Furthermore, the setting parameters of the cleaning nozzle 6 include: like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the horizontal width of the photovoltaic panel is a, the vertical length is b, and the height of the cleaning nozzle from the photovoltaic panel is h. Then: h At this point, the opening angle of the fan-shaped cleaning nozzle is α, then tg(α / 2) = From this, the opening angle can be calculated, requiring the nozzle to form a uniform water film coverage within a given range.

[0056] The oscillation speed of the cleaning nozzles is 0.1~0.15m / s. In cold regions, all outdoor pipes and nozzles must have a drain function. When the temperature sensor detects a low temperature, the control system will automatically activate the drain solenoid valve to drain the water in the pipes and prevent freezing and cracking.

[0057] Furthermore, the sensing module includes a high-precision liquid level sensor installed at the lowest point inside the photovoltaic module frame for detecting surface liquid level, and a float-type liquid level sensor installed inside the negative pressure water collection chamber 3. The high-precision liquid level sensor serves as the threshold for system startup, while the float-type liquid level sensor is used for threshold startup determination of drainage from the negative pressure water collection chamber 3. The water film height of the liquid level sensor on the module surface is set to 0.5~1mm for startup. The float-type liquid level sensor is 5~8cm away from the top of the water collection chamber.

[0058] Furthermore, the intelligent control module, including a low-power microcontroller-integrated relay drive circuit for rainwater collection control and a PLC or embedded controller as the control core, is fixed to the back of the component. The intelligent control module receives signals from the sensor module to control the power supply to the miniature vacuum generator 2 and the drain valve. When the water level in the storage device is higher than a set lower limit, the contamination level of the photovoltaic module reaches a threshold, and the weather and module temperature meet set permissible conditions, the intelligent control module automatically initiates a cleaning program to clean the photovoltaic module array.

[0059] Preferably, the intelligent control module collects rainwater by including: Monitoring is conducted by using a liquid level sensor to monitor the water accumulation status. When the detection of rainfall or water accumulation reaches a preset threshold, the intelligent control module starts the micro vacuum generator 2 to establish negative pressure in the negative pressure water collection chamber 3. Rainwater on the surface of the photovoltaic module is drawn into the negative pressure water collection chamber 3 through the suction pipeline network 4. Drainage: When the liquid level in the negative pressure water collection chamber 3 reaches the high level set value, the intelligent control module shuts down the micro vacuum generator 2 and opens the drain valve to discharge the water collected in the chamber to the sewage storage device. The system can cycle or stop. After drainage is complete, the drain valve is closed. If the water accumulation signal continues, the system returns to start the next suction-drainage cycle. If the rainfall stops and there is no water accumulation signal, the system enters a delayed shutdown procedure. After the residual water is drained, the system enters standby mode.

[0060] The system of this invention can automatically start the cleaning process, and requires the following intelligent control module: Control core: A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) or embedded controller is used as the system brain; it can also be manually activated as needed.

[0061] The input signals include: The water level signal comes from the water level sensor of the water storage device; The system uses a contamination level signal to analyze in real time the deviation between the actual output power and the theoretical power (calculated based on irradiance and temperature) of the photovoltaic strings to determine cleaning needs. Optical dust sensors can also be installed for cross-validation. Based on the analysis, the system automatically determines the cleaning mode and frequency to achieve on-demand cleaning.

[0062] Weather and temperature signals are integrated with weather station data to ensure that cleaning is not initiated during extreme weather conditions such as rain or strong winds. Temperature sensors are installed on the photovoltaic panels to measure the panel temperature, preventing cleaning at extreme temperatures such as overheating or cooling from affecting the safety of the modules.

[0063] Control logic: When the water level in the storage tank is higher than the set lower limit, the dirtiness of the components reaches the threshold, and the weather and component temperature conditions permit, the intelligent control module automatically starts the cleaning program to clean the photovoltaic module array.

[0064] Furthermore, the cleaning procedure includes the following steps: Phase 1: Pre-treatment. First, the power system uses high-pressure air to blow clean the surface of the photovoltaic module array through the air path. Then, for the existing dirt, the power system first performs low-pressure atomized spraying through the water path. All cleaning nozzles 6 are turned on at the same time to wet the surface of the photovoltaic module array.

[0065] Phase 2: Core cleaning. The power system is activated, and the air and water circuits are used to spray the surface of the photovoltaic module array with increased airflow and water. All 6 cleaning nozzles are activated simultaneously to rinse at least once, that is, to completely cover and rinse the pre-rinse area once.

[0066] The third stage: rinsing and drying. After the airflow and water rinsing, the power system uses a fan-shaped nozzle through the water path to perform a high-pressure water rinse. After that, the power system uses high-pressure air through the air path to blow away the surface of the photovoltaic module array and remove the residual water droplets.

[0067] This invention's system features fault alarm functions (such as pump overload, low water level, and filter clogging). When rainfall is scarce and water resources are limited, leading to water shortages, clean wastewater purification and reuse can be used occasionally as needed. However, the water purification module should be flushed promptly to avoid affecting subsequent treatment results. The system's power supply comes entirely from the photovoltaic modules themselves, requiring no external power source.

[0068] Furthermore, the present invention also provides an automatic cleaning method for urban and rural level new energy modules, wherein the automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy modules automatically cleans the surface of the photovoltaic module array using the following steps: Step S1: Real-time monitoring and demand assessment: Continuously monitor the power generation efficiency loss rate of the photovoltaic string. When the efficiency loss rate continuously exceeds the set threshold T1 (which can be set to 8% to 15%), it is determined that there is a need for cleaning.

[0069] Step S2: Resource and Environmental Permission Assessment: Upon receiving a cleaning request, the system checks the real-time water level in the storage tank to determine if it exceeds the water volume required for a single cleaning cycle. Simultaneously, it obtains the 12-hour weather forecast via a meteorological data interface, confirming no rainfall and wind speeds below level 3. Additionally, the photovoltaic panel temperature is 45℃ > T > 5℃, allowing cleaning to commence. If all three conditions are met, proceed to the next step; otherwise, wait and continue monitoring.

[0070] Step S3: Dynamic setting of cleaning parameters: Read the data from the water quality sensor and dynamically fine-tune the pressure mixing ratio of water and air in the cleaning program according to the water conductivity or turbidity parameters.

[0071] Step S4: Zoned Pulse Cleaning Execution: Divide the photovoltaic array into multiple cleaning zones and clean each zone sequentially; when cleaning a single zone, control the two-fluid nozzles to spray a water-air mixture in an intermittent pulse mode.

[0072] Step S5: Closed-loop verification of cleaning effect: After the cleaning operation is completed, continuously monitor the power generation efficiency recovery curve of the photovoltaic string; if the efficiency recovers to the expected level (such as the efficiency loss drops to within 2%), then record that the cleaning is effective; if the recovery is not obvious, then generate abnormal alarm information.

[0073] Step S6: Data Recording and Strategy Optimization: Store the triggering conditions, execution parameters, water consumption, and effect data of this cleaning in the database to optimize the future cleaning trigger threshold T1 and water-air mixing parameters.

[0074] The cleaning procedure during partition pulse cleaning includes the following: First stage, pretreatment: removing loose impurities to prepare for deep cleaning: Dry cleaning (air jet cleaning): First, compressed air or a blower is used to blow air at a certain angle onto the surface of the photovoltaic modules (avoiding blowing dust into gaps) to remove and loosen dry, loose dirt such as leaves, dust, and pollen. This process is energy-efficient and removes most of the loose material with minimal energy consumption.

[0075] Water rinsing (initial wetting): For already adhered dirt, a low-pressure mist spray can be used to wet the surface. This softens dried bird droppings and mud stains and prevents scratching the surface during subsequent cleaning. This process is used to prevent damage, moisten the surface, and avoid direct friction from hard objects.

[0076] Phase Two: Core Cleaning: Thoroughly Remove Adhesive and Stubborn Dirt. Compressed air and water jet (core power): This is the core step in achieving a synergistic effect. Compressed air and water are mixed within the nozzle to generate a jet rich in microbubbles. Utilizing physical principles, this jet removes stubborn dirt non-destructively, significantly reducing water consumption. It primarily includes the following three effects: Cavitation effect: When bubbles collide with dirt, they collapse, generating local high pressure, which "explodes" the adhesion between the dirt and the glass from the inside.

[0077] Low water consumption: With the same cleaning power, it saves up to 30%-50% more water than flushing with pure water.

[0078] Physical scrubbing: The shearing force of the water-air mixture can effectively remove dirt.

[0079] The third stage is final rinsing and drying: removing residue and accelerating drying. High-speed water rinsing: After the airflow water rinsing, a high-pressure water rinse is performed using a fan-shaped nozzle. The purpose is to thoroughly rinse off the removed dirt from the surface, prevent it from redepositing, and ensure that no dirt residue remains on the surface.

[0080] Assisted air jetting (rapid drying): Finally, air jetting can be used again to blow away any remaining water droplets on the surface. This significantly shortens drying time and prevents water stains, which is especially crucial in areas with high mineral content in the water. This process dries quickly, avoids limescale stains, and maximizes light transmittance.

[0081] Furthermore, during operation, all nozzles are activated simultaneously during the first pretreatment and second core cleaning stages. In the third stage, nozzles are activated sequentially from high to low according to the photovoltaic module array, with one row being sprayed before the next row is activated. The air drying process should be spaced at least 30 seconds apart from the previous procedure.

[0082] In actual use, the spray range of adjacent nozzles can be appropriately expanded so that they overlap by 10% to 15% to ensure that the photovoltaic modules are fully covered without any blind spots.

[0083] Furthermore, the cleaning modes are divided into two types based on heavy and light pollution. Examples of their automated cleaning procedures are as follows: Heavy-duty cleaning procedure: Air spray (60 seconds) → Low-pressure pre-humidification (30 seconds) → Air-flow water rinse (2 rounds) → High-pressure rinsing (30 seconds) → Air drying (30 seconds).

[0084] Lightly soiled cleaning procedure: Air spray (60 seconds) → Rinse with water and airflow (2 times) → Air spray drying (30 seconds).

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic cleaning system for new energy components in urban and rural areas, characterized in that: include: The rainwater collection module includes a photovoltaic module array itself as the rainwater collection surface. The installation tilt angle of the photovoltaic module array is 0°~5°. A negative pressure suction module (1) is provided around each photovoltaic module. The negative pressure suction module (1) includes a micro vacuum generator (2), a negative pressure water collection chamber (3), a suction pipeline network (4), and a drain valve. The micro vacuum generator (2) is connected to the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber (3) to generate negative pressure in the chamber. The negative pressure water collection chamber (3) is a sealed container. The side wall is connected to the suction pipeline network (4) through multiple suction branch pipes (5). A drain valve is provided at the bottom. The suction pipeline network is composed of a capillary network laid on the edge of the photovoltaic module. The end of the suction pipeline network (4) is provided with an anti-clogging suction head. A one-way valve is provided at the connection between the suction branch pipe (5) of the suction pipeline network (4) and the negative pressure water collection chamber (3). The drain valve is connected to the water purification treatment module and the water storage device in sequence through pipelines. The water purification module includes at least one multi-stage filtration unit and at least one disinfection unit. The multi-stage filtration unit is a cylindrical container and includes, from top to bottom, a cyclone separation layer, a media filtration layer, a carbonized purification layer, and a precision filtration layer. The disinfection unit includes an ultraviolet sterilizer installed on the pipeline before the purified wastewater flows into the wastewater storage device. The cleaning execution module includes a power system, a water distribution system, and a spray system. The power system includes a water path for drawing water from a sewage storage device by a low-pressure water pump, an air path for providing high-pressure air by an air compressor, and a solenoid valve for controlling the opening and closing of the water path and the air path. The water distribution system includes a main pipe laid horizontally along the outside of the photovoltaic module array and a branch pipe laid vertically along the photovoltaic module array. The spray system includes cleaning nozzles (6) set above the midpoint of the middle seam of the horizontally adjacent photovoltaic module array, set at the outermost corner of the photovoltaic module array, and spaced at the center of the adjacent corners of the modules, as well as a fixing bracket (7) that vertically connects and fixes the cleaning nozzles (6). The cleaning nozzles (6) are water-air two-fluid nozzles. The sensor module includes a high-precision liquid level sensor installed at the lowest point inside the frame of the photovoltaic module for detecting the surface liquid level and a float-type liquid level sensor installed inside the negative pressure water collection chamber (3). The high-precision liquid level sensor is used as the threshold judgment for system startup, and the float-type liquid level sensor is used for threshold startup judgment for drainage of the negative pressure water collection chamber (3). The intelligent control module includes a low-power microcontroller integrated relay drive circuit for rainwater collection control and a PLC or embedded controller as the control core. The intelligent control module receives signals from the sensor module to control the power supply of the micro vacuum generator (2) and the drain valve. When the water level of the water storage device is higher than the set lower limit, the degree of contamination of the photovoltaic module reaches the threshold, and the weather and module temperature meet the set allowable conditions, the intelligent control module automatically starts the cleaning program to clean the photovoltaic module array.

2. The automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro vacuum generator (2) uses a small oil-free electromagnetic piston pump, which is connected to the air inlet at the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber (3) through a pipeline; The negative pressure water collection chamber (3) is a transparent PVC cylinder with a volume of 1 to 2 liters. Its side wall is provided with four suction branch pipe (5) interfaces. Each interface is equipped with a one-way valve and is connected to the anti-clogging suction head laid in the low-lying area at the four corners of the component through a silicone capillary branch pipe.

3. The automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-precision liquid level sensor is set to activate a water film height of 0.5~1mm; the float-type liquid level sensor is 5~8cm away from the top of the negative pressure water collection chamber (3).

4. The automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet of the vortex separation layer is located at the edge of the upper end of the cylinder. The water outlet of the water supply pipe flows obliquely downward along the inner wall, causing the water to form a rotating water flow in the vortex separation layer, with a thickness of 8 to 12 cm. The media filter layer is made of quartz sand, with a thickness of 10-15cm and a quartz sand particle size of 0.5-2mm, and the particle size decreases from top to bottom; The activated carbon purification layer is made of activated carbon particles with a particle size of 2-6 mm and a thickness of 3-8 cm. The precision filtration layer uses a 5-10 micron PP cotton cartridge filter.

5. The automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning nozzle (6) is oscillating and spraying along the width of the photovoltaic module panel (8) with the fixed bracket (7) as the axis and perpendicular to the panel. The maximum oscillation angle of the cleaning nozzle (6) is 120°, and it covers the outer edge of the photovoltaic module panel (8) on both sides of the cleaning nozzle (6). The angle between the spray water flow of the cleaning nozzle (6) and the plane of the farthest photovoltaic module is 30°. The pressure of the cleaning nozzle (6) increases with the oscillation angle. The cleaning nozzle (6) located at the four outermost corners of the photovoltaic module array has a maximum oscillation amplitude of 60° and sprays only the corresponding inner photovoltaic module. The cleaning nozzle (6) cleans the adjacent photovoltaic module areas on both sides of the cleaning nozzle (6), and the area sprayed by the cleaning nozzle (6) on each photovoltaic module panel (8) is an isosceles trapezoid; the side of the isosceles trapezoid closest to the nozzle is the upper base of the trapezoid, the upper base of the isosceles trapezoid is located at the middle 1 / 3 position of the three equal parts of the photovoltaic module panel (8), and the corresponding far side is the lower base of the isosceles trapezoid. The length of the lower base of the isosceles trapezoid is twice that of the upper base, and the isosceles trapezoid is symmetrical about the horizontal centerline of the photovoltaic module.

6. The automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy components according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spraying area of ​​the cleaning nozzle (6) located at the edge of the photovoltaic module panel (8) is the photovoltaic module panel (8) that is horizontally adjacent to both sides of the cleaning nozzle (6), and the spraying area is 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 of the spraying area of ​​the central cleaning nozzle (6). The nozzles located at the edge of the photovoltaic module array are irregular nozzles with a fan shape on one side and a rectangle on the other. The spray range on the side closest to the edge of the photovoltaic module array is 1 / 2 of that of the other nozzles, and the edge is rectangular, consistent with the edge of the photovoltaic module array.

7. The automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy components according to claim 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that: The setting parameters of the cleaning nozzle (6) include: The photovoltaic panel has a horizontal width of 'a' and a vertical length of 'b'. The cleaning nozzle is 'h' above the photovoltaic panel. Then: h ; If the nozzle opening angle is α, then tg(α / 2) = ; The oscillation speed of the cleaning nozzle is 0.1~0.15m / s.

8. The automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning procedure includes the following steps: First stage: Pre-treatment. First, the power system uses high-pressure air to blow the surface of the photovoltaic module array through the air path. Then, for the dirt that has already adhered, the power system first performs low-pressure atomization spraying through the water path. All cleaning nozzles (6) are turned on at the same time to wet the surface of the photovoltaic module array. Second stage: core cleaning, the power system is turned on and the air and water circuits are turned on to spray the surface of the photovoltaic module array with air and water. All cleaning nozzles (6) are turned on at the same time to rinse at least once. The third stage: rinsing and drying. After the airflow and water rinsing, the power system uses fan-shaped nozzles through the water path to perform a high-pressure water rinsing. Then, the power system uses high-pressure air through the air path to blow away the surface of the photovoltaic module array and remove the residual water droplets. In the third stage, the nozzles are opened in stages from high to low according to the photovoltaic module array. After one row of nozzles is sprayed, another row is opened. The interval between the air jet drying and the previous procedure is more than 30 seconds.

9. The automatic cleaning system for urban and rural level new energy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for the intelligent control module to collect rainwater include: Monitoring is conducted by using a liquid level sensor to monitor the water accumulation status. When the detection of rainfall or water accumulation reaches a preset threshold, the intelligent control module starts the micro vacuum generator (2) to establish negative pressure in the negative pressure water collection chamber (3). Rainwater on the surface of the photovoltaic module is drawn into the negative pressure water collection chamber (3) through the suction pipeline network (4). Drainage: When the liquid level in the negative pressure water collection chamber (3) reaches the high level set value, the intelligent control module shuts down the micro vacuum generator (2) and opens the drain valve to discharge the water collected in the chamber to the sewage storage device. The system can cycle or stop. After drainage is complete, the drain valve is closed. If the water accumulation signal persists, the system returns to start the next suction-drainage cycle. If the rainfall stops and there is no water accumulation signal, the system enters a delayed shutdown procedure. After the residual water is drained, the system enters standby mode.

10. An automatic cleaning method for new energy components in urban and rural areas, characterized in that: The automatic cleaning system for new energy modules at the urban and rural level as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 automatically cleans the surface of the photovoltaic module array using the following steps: Step S1, Real-time monitoring and demand assessment: Continuously monitor the power generation efficiency loss rate of photovoltaic modules. When the efficiency loss rate continuously exceeds the set threshold T1, it is determined that there is a need for cleaning. Step S2, Resource and Environmental Permission Assessment: Upon receiving a cleaning request, check the real-time water level of the wastewater storage device to determine if it exceeds the water volume required for a single cleaning operation. Simultaneously, obtain the weather forecast for the next 12 hours through the meteorological data interface to confirm that there is no rainfall and the wind speed is below level 3; and that the photovoltaic module panel temperature is 45℃ > T > 5℃. If all three conditions are met, proceed to the next step; otherwise, wait and continue monitoring. Step S3, Dynamic setting of cleaning parameters: Read the data from the water quality sensor and dynamically fine-tune the pressure mixing ratio of water and air in the cleaning program according to the water conductivity or turbidity parameters; Step S4: Zoned Pulse Cleaning Execution: Divide the photovoltaic module array into multiple cleaning zones, and clean each zone sequentially using the cleaning program; when cleaning a single zone, control the two-fluid nozzles to spray a water-air mixture in an intermittent pulse mode; Step S5, Closed-loop verification of cleaning effect: After the cleaning operation is completed, continuously monitor the power generation efficiency recovery curve of the photovoltaic module; if the efficiency recovers to the expected level, record that the cleaning is effective. If the recovery is not significant, an abnormal alarm message will be generated; Step S6, Data Recording and Strategy Optimization: The triggering conditions, execution parameters, water consumption and effect data of this cleaning are stored in the database to optimize the future cleaning trigger threshold T1 and water-air mixing parameters.

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