Waveform selection method, electronic equipment and storage medium
By acquiring NTN link characteristic information and dynamically selecting a suitable waveform set, the shortcomings of waveform selection strategies in NTN are solved, and the robustness and signal quality of the communication system are improved, especially under satellite beam edge and adverse channel conditions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI ZHIYU XINXING TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing waveform selection strategies fail to effectively address challenges in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), such as fluctuations in effective omnidirectional radiated power of satellites, additional signal attenuation as the signal passes through the atmosphere, differences in satellite beam position, and high dynamic Doppler frequency offset, leading to communication link interruptions and system performance degradation.
By acquiring non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, a suitable waveform set is dynamically selected, taking into account factors such as equivalent omnidirectional radiation power, path loss, beam position and Doppler frequency offset, and uplink data transmission is carried out using the matched waveform. Intelligent waveform management is performed in combination with track type and service requirements.
It improves the coverage and connection stability of the NTN communication system, reduces the transmission error rate, increases the communication success rate, and optimizes the system's spectrum efficiency and resource utilization.
Smart Images
Figure CN121907658A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a waveform selection method, an electronic device, and a storage medium. Background Technology
[0002] In the evolution of fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems towards 5G-Advanced and sixth-generation (6G), non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), as a key component for achieving integrated air, land, and sea coverage, have received widespread attention. NTNs provide communication services to terrestrial user equipment (UEs) via satellites (such as low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary orbit), aiming to bridge the digital divide and provide seamless connectivity for vertical industries such as maritime, aviation, and the Internet of Things.
[0003] Currently, waveform selection strategies for terrestrial networks are primarily based on service quality and UE-measured local channel state information (CSI). For example, when a terrestrial network UE is at the cell edge or power-limited, a waveform with a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is selected to improve coverage; when in a central area with good channel conditions, a waveform with higher spectral efficiency is chosen to pursue higher data rates. However, the design and optimization goals of these existing technologies are based on the relatively stable channel environment of terrestrial networks, characterized by low propagation delay and low Doppler frequency offset. They do not fully consider the unique challenges inherent in NTNs, which differ from those of terrestrial networks, resulting in existing solutions being unable to make differentiated and forward-looking waveform decisions. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides a waveform selection method, electronic device, and storage medium to enable dynamic switching of waveforms in non-terrestrial network link transmission scenarios, thereby improving the adaptability of waveforms to application scenarios, enhancing channel quality, and improving system communication efficiency.
[0005] This application provides a waveform selection method, wherein the method includes: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information; Based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, a target waveform is selected from a predefined waveform set; Uplink data is transmitted using the target waveform.
[0006] This application also provides a waveform selection method, wherein the method includes: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information; Based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, a target waveform is selected from a predefined waveform set for at least one first node; Send a selection command indicating the target waveform to the first node.
[0007] This application also provides an electronic device, wherein the electronic device includes: One or more processors; Memory, used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method as described in any of the embodiments of this application.
[0008] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs that are executed by one or more processors to implement the method as described in any of the embodiments of this application.
[0009] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description
[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0011] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a waveform selection method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is an example diagram of a waveform selection method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is an example diagram of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is an example diagram of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is an example diagram of a waveform selection method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is an example diagram of a waveform selection method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 These are example diagrams illustrating some waveform selection methods provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waveform selection device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another waveform selection device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0012] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0013] In the following description, the use of suffixes such as “module,” “part,” or “unit” to denote elements is solely for the purpose of illustration in this application and has no particular meaning in itself. Therefore, “module,” “part,” or “unit” may be used interchangeably.
[0014] Current waveform selection strategies do not take into account fluctuations in the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of satellites in NTNs, additional signal attenuation when traversing the atmosphere, and significant link quality differences caused by the UE's location within the satellite beam (center vs. edge). Therefore, they cannot effectively address the substantial path loss and uneven coverage of NTNs. If terrestrial network strategies are still used at beam edges or in severe weather, UEs may select inappropriate waveforms, leading to communication link interruptions.
[0015] The lack of robustness to high-dynamic Doppler frequency offsets, especially the large and rapidly changing Doppler frequency offsets caused by the high-speed motion of LEO satellites, can severely disrupt the orthogonality of traditional OFDM waveforms, leading to a sharp deterioration in system performance. Existing technologies only consider static or slowly changing frequency offsets and cannot guarantee transmission reliability in such high-dynamic scenarios.
[0016] Existing strategies lack utilization of NTN-specific prior information such as satellite orbit type and beam identification, resulting in a single decision-making dimension and failure to leverage NTN prior information. For example, the Doppler challenges faced by Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are completely different, but existing solutions cannot make differentiated, forward-looking waveform decisions.
[0017] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a waveform adaptive selection method and apparatus specifically for NTNs. This method dynamically adapts to the time-varying characteristics of NTN links, selecting the most suitable waveform based on real-time link budgets to maintain connection reliability. The link budgets may include effective omnidirectional radiated power, path loss, beam position, etc. It significantly enhances the system's resistance to high Doppler frequency offsets by switching to more robust waveforms, ensuring transmission quality in highly dynamic scenarios. Furthermore, it achieves intelligent and forward-looking waveform management by introducing track information and Doppler prediction, thereby improving the overall spectral efficiency and resource utilization of the system.
[0018] It can improve the uplink coverage and connection stability in NTN, especially under beam edge and adverse channel conditions; reduce the transmission error rate in high dynamic scenarios and improve the communication success rate; achieve deep matching between service requirements and NTN link characteristics, and optimize the performance of the entire network while ensuring the reliability of critical services.
[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a waveform selection method provided in an embodiment of this application. This embodiment is applicable to situations where the waveform of a communication system is dynamically adjusted based on service requirements. The method can be executed by a waveform selection device, which can be implemented using software and / or hardware methods. It is generally integrated into a first node, which may include user equipment, etc. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The method provided in this application specifically includes the following steps: Step 110: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0020] Among them, the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information can be a set of quantitative parameters of the physical transmission characteristics of the wireless link, which can include indicators such as signal propagation, channel state, and link stability. The non-terrestrial network link characteristic information can include, but is not limited to, equivalent isotropic radiated power value, path loss estimate, beam coverage area identifier, Doppler frequency offset value, and relative motion speed between the terminal and the satellite.
[0021] In this embodiment, the first node can acquire non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, and can collect non-terrestrial network link characteristic information such as free space path loss (FSPL), rain attenuation, atmospheric absorption loss, ionospheric scintillation loss, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, link switching frequency, channel gain, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), channel state information, beam center offset, antenna gain degradation, and beam switching advance.
[0022] Step 120: Select the target waveform from the predefined waveform set based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0023] The waveform set can be a set of waveforms with different peak-to-average power ratios, and the waveform set can include at least one type of waveform.
[0024] In this embodiment of the application, the link conditions of the non-terrestrial network link can be determined according to the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information. The matching waveform can be selected as the target waveform from a predefined waveform set according to the link conditions. The link conditions and the waveform satisfy a specific matching relationship, which can be pre-configured.
[0025] Step 130: Send uplink data using the target waveform.
[0026] In this embodiment of the application, uplink data can be transmitted according to the selected target waveform.
[0027] In this embodiment, non-terrestrial network link characteristic information is obtained, and a target waveform matching the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information is selected from a waveform set. Uplink data is then transmitted using the target waveform. By considering the link characteristics of the non-terrestrial network during waveform selection, this embodiment ensures that the waveform matches the actual situation of the non-terrestrial network, thereby improving the robustness of the communication system and enhancing the quality of the communication signal.
[0028] Based on the above-described embodiments, the target waveform is selected from a predefined waveform set according to non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, including: From the waveform set, select the waveform that matches the link conditions indicated by the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information as the target waveform.
[0029] Specifically, the corresponding link conditions can be determined through the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information. The target waveform that matches the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information can be selected from the waveform set according to the matching relationship between the link conditions and the waveform. The matching relationship between the link conditions and the waveform can be pre-configured. For example, a certain type of link condition corresponds to a waveform with high Doppler frequency offset, and another specific type of link condition corresponds to a waveform with low peak-to-average power ratio, etc.
[0030] Based on the above-described embodiments, the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information includes at least one of the following: Equivalent isotropic radiated power value; Path loss estimate; The beam coverage area identifier corresponding to the first node; Doppler frequency offset; The relative velocity between the first node and the satellite; Atmospheric attenuation indicator.
[0031] Specifically, the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information acquired by the first node may include the equivalent isotropic radiated power value, path loss estimate, the beam coverage area identifier of the first node, the relative motion velocity between the first node and the satellite, atmospheric attenuation indication, etc. It is understood that the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information is not limited to these; other factors such as rain attenuation, atmospheric absorption loss, ionospheric scintillation loss, Doppler spread, link switching frequency, channel gain, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, channel state information, beam center offset, antenna gain attenuation, and beam switching lead can also be used as non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application are specificizations based on the above embodiments. See also... Figure 2 The method provided in this application specifically includes the following steps: Step 210: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0033] Step 220: If the link conditions include the first type of conditions, then the waveform with low peak-to-average bit characteristics in the matching waveform set is taken as the target waveform.
[0034] The link conditions can be pre-defined according to the characteristic values of non-terrestrial network links. These link conditions can be divided into different levels or grades, and different link conditions can correspond to different values of non-terrestrial network link characteristic information. The first type of condition is a pre-set link condition associated with a waveform exhibiting low peak-to-average bitness.
[0035] In this embodiment of the application, the link conditions indicated by the obtained non-terrestrial network link characteristics information can be determined. If the link conditions include the first type of conditions, then the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness in the waveform set is taken as the target waveform that matches the non-terrestrial network link characteristics information.
[0036] Step 230: Send uplink data using the target waveform.
[0037] In this embodiment, by acquiring non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, the link conditions indicated by the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information are determined to include a first type of condition. A waveform with low peak-to-average bitness in the matched waveform set is selected as the target waveform, and uplink data is transmitted using the target waveform. This embodiment, by considering the link characteristics of the non-terrestrial network during waveform selection, ensures that the waveform matches the actual situation of the non-terrestrial network, thereby improving the robustness of the communication system and enhancing the quality of the communication signal.
[0038] Furthermore, in some other application embodiments, it also includes: if the link condition is determined to include a second type of condition, then the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness in the matching waveform set is used as the target waveform.
[0039] In other application embodiments, if the link conditions corresponding to the non-terrestrial network characteristic information include a second type of condition, which is configured to be associated with a waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness, then the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness is selected as the target waveform from the waveform set.
[0040] Based on the above-described embodiments, a waveform with low peak-to-average bit characteristics includes at least one of the following: Single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation waveform; Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveforms based on Discrete Fourier Transform extension; DFT-s-OFDM waveforms obtained by applying frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS); The phase transition of the modulation symbol is constrained within the range of π / 2 in the DFT-s-OFDM waveform.
[0041] Based on the above-described embodiments, the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness includes at least one of the following: Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform; Orthogonal time-frequency spatial waveforms; CP-OFDM waveform with linear frequency modulation (LFM) applied; CP-OFDM waveforms with applied filtering or window functions; The CP-OFDM waveform with pitch reservation TR was applied.
[0042] Figure 3This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in an embodiment of this application. The embodiments of this application also describe the setting and usage of the priority of the matching relationship used to select the target waveform. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The method provided in this application specifically includes the following steps: Step 310: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0043] Step 320: Obtain the orbit type of the service satellite; based on the orbit type, configure the priority of link conditions and waveform matching relationships.
[0044] The service satellite can be a satellite that provides non-terrestrial network services to the first node. The orbit type can indicate the type of satellite providing the service. The orbit type can include, but is not limited to, low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit (MEO), and geostationary orbit. The link conditions and waveform matching conditions can be a pre-configured correspondence between link conditions and waveforms. This matching condition can be used to select the corresponding type of waveform according to a specific type of link condition.
[0045] In this embodiment, the orbit type of the serving satellite of the first node can be obtained, and the priority of the link conditions and waveform matching conditions can be set according to the orbit type. Under different orbit types, the same link conditions and waveform matching relationships can have different priorities. For example, the matching relationship between the first type of condition and the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness can be set to high priority in the GEO case, that is, the matching relationship is used first to select the target waveform in the waveform set. However, in the LEO case, the matching relationship between the first type of condition and the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness is not high priority, and other high-priority matching relationships can be selected to select the target waveform in the waveform set.
[0046] Step 330: In the waveform set, select the waveform that matches the link conditions indicated by the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information as the target waveform.
[0047] Step 340: Send uplink data using the target waveform.
[0048] In this embodiment, by acquiring non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, prioritizing the matching relationship between link conditions and waveforms based on the acquired orbit type of the serving satellite, and selecting the waveform that matches the link conditions indicated by the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information from the waveform set as the target waveform, uplink data is transmitted based on the target waveform. This embodiment adjusts the matching relationship according to the orbit type, making the adjusted waveform suitable for the orbit type of the serving satellite. This improves the compatibility of uplink transmission with the serving satellite, enhances communication signal quality, and improves the robustness of the communication system.
[0049] Furthermore, based on the above-described embodiments, the priority for configuring matching based on track type information includes at least one of the following: If the orbit type is determined to be low Earth orbit, then the matching relationship between the second type of condition and the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness is set as high priority; If the orbit type is determined to be geostationary orbit, then the matching relationship between the first type of condition and the waveform with low peak-to-average ratio characteristics is set to high priority; If the orbit type is determined to be medium Earth orbit, the priority of the matching relationship is dynamically adjusted according to the instantaneous orbital position of the satellite.
[0050] In some embodiments, when the orbit type is low Earth orbit, the matching relationship between the second type of link condition and the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness is given high priority. That is, when the serving satellite is in low Earth orbit, the target waveform is selected from the waveform set according to the matching relationship between the second type of condition and the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness. When the orbit type is geostationary orbit, the matching relationship between the first type of link condition and the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness is given high priority. That is, when the serving satellite is in geostationary orbit, the target waveform is selected from the waveform set according to the matching relationship between the first type of condition and the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness. When the orbit type is medium Earth orbit, the priority of the matching relationship between the link condition and the waveform is switched according to the instantaneous orbit position of the satellite. That is, when the serving satellite is in medium Earth orbit, the priority of the matching relationship between the link condition and the waveform is switched according to the instantaneous orbit position of the serving satellite, so that the target waveform adopts the corresponding selection strategy according to the instantaneous orbit position of the satellite.
[0051] Based on the above-described embodiments, it also includes: Obtain the service quality requirements of the business; based on the business type indicated by the service quality requirements, select the matching waveform from the waveform set as the target waveform.
[0052] Specifically, it can also obtain the service quality requirements of the business, and select different types of waveforms as target waveforms from the waveform set according to the different business types indicated by the service quality requirements of the business.
[0053] In some embodiments, selecting a matching waveform as the target waveform from a waveform set based on the service type indicated by the service quality requirements of the service further includes: If the service type is determined to be ultra-reliable low-latency communication, then the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness in the waveform set is selected as the target waveform.
[0054] Specifically, the service type indicated by the service quality requirements is ultra-reliable low-latency communication, and waveforms with low peak-to-average bitness are selected as target waveforms from the waveform set.
[0055] Based on the above-mentioned application embodiments, the waveforms in the waveform set include waveforms with low peak-to-average bit characteristics and waveforms with high Doppler frequency offset robustness.
[0056] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application illustrate the selection process of the target waveform. See [link to flowchart]. Figure 4 The method provided in this application specifically includes the following steps: Step 410: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0057] Step 420: If the atmospheric attenuation indicator in the non-terrestrial network link feature information exceeds the predetermined attenuation threshold, then select the waveform with a peak-to-average ratio (PAR) lower than the predetermined PAR threshold from the waveform set as the target waveform.
[0058] In this embodiment of the application, if the atmospheric attenuation indication of the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information is determined to exceed a predetermined attenuation threshold, a waveform with a peak-to-average ratio (PAR) lower than a predetermined PAR threshold can be selected from the waveform set as the target waveform.
[0059] Step 430: Send uplink data using the target waveform.
[0060] In this embodiment, by acquiring non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, it is determined that the atmospheric attenuation indication of the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information exceeds a predetermined attenuation threshold. A waveform with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) lower than a predetermined PAPR threshold is selected from the waveform set as the target waveform, and uplink data is transmitted using the target waveform. This embodiment, by considering the link characteristics of the non-terrestrial network during waveform selection, ensures that the waveform matches the actual situation of the non-terrestrial network, thereby improving the robustness of the communication system and enhancing the quality of the communication signal.
[0061] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application illustrate the selection process of the target waveform. See [link to flowchart]. Figure 5 The method provided in this application specifically includes the following steps: Step 510: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0062] Step 520: Select the target waveform from the predefined waveform set based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0063] Step 530: Send uplink data using the target waveform.
[0064] Step 540: Based on the satellite ephemeris and the position information of the first node, predict the trend of the Doppler frequency offset value over time.
[0065] In this embodiment, the spatial position and speed of the serving satellite at different times can be determined according to the satellite ephemeris information. The position information of the first node can be obtained. The Doppler frequency offset at different times can be determined based on the position information, spatial position and speed. The mapping relationship between the Doppler frequency offset and time can be analyzed to determine the trend of the Doppler frequency offset value over time. This analysis method may include, but is not limited to, calculating the first-order rate of change and the second-order rate of change of the Doppler frequency offset value.
[0066] Step 550: Based on the changing trend, determine the time when the Doppler frequency offset value reaches the communication quality threshold, and switch the target waveform to the second waveform before the time.
[0067] In this embodiment, the time range within which the Doppler frequency offset value reaches the communication quality threshold can be estimated based on the changing trend, and the currently used target waveform can be switched to the second waveform before the time range, thereby improving the robustness of data transmission.
[0068] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of another waveform selection method provided in this application embodiment. This application embodiment can be applied to situations where the waveform of a communication system is dynamically adjusted based on service requirements. This method can be executed by a waveform selection device, which can be implemented by software and / or hardware methods. It can generally be integrated into a second node, which may include satellite-side equipment, such as a satellite or gateway earth station, etc. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The method provided in this application specifically includes the following steps: Step 610: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0069] Step 620: Based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, select a target waveform from a predefined waveform set for at least one first node.
[0070] In this embodiment of the application, the second node can select a target waveform from the waveform set according to the obtained non-terrestrial network link characteristic information. The target waveform can be used for uplink transmission of one or more first nodes.
[0071] Step 630: Send a selection command indicating the target waveform to the first node.
[0072] Specifically, a selection instruction can be determined based on the target waveform, and this selection instruction can be sent to the first node to instruct the first node to use the target waveform for uplink data transmission. For example, the selection instruction can carry the index of the target waveform.
[0073] In this embodiment, by acquiring non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, a target waveform is selected for the first node from a predefined waveform set based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, and uplink data is transmitted through the target waveform. This embodiment, by considering the link characteristics of the non-terrestrial network during the waveform selection process, ensures that the waveform matches the actual situation of the non-terrestrial network, thereby improving the robustness of the communication system and enhancing the quality of the communication signal.
[0074] In some embodiments, the selection instruction also includes timing information for waveform switching, which is used to instruct the first node to perform waveform switching at a specific time or time window.
[0075] Specifically, the selection instruction may also include timing information for waveform switching, which can indicate a specific time or time window for the first node to perform waveform switching, thereby compensating for the long latency of transmission in non-terrestrial network links and enabling waveform switching to match the channel changes of non-terrestrial network links.
[0076] Based on the above-described embodiments, and based on non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, a target waveform is selected from a predefined waveform set for at least one first node, including: Based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristics of multiple first nodes, different waveforms are coordinated and allocated to each first node.
[0077] Specifically, the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information of multiple first nodes can be obtained. The second node can select the corresponding waveform for each first node according to the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information. The waveforms of each first node can be the same or different. The waveforms of each first node selected by the second node can have the minimum uplink interference among all waveform allocation schemes.
[0078] For example, taking URLLC transmission at the edge of a LEO beam as an example, Figure 7 This is an example diagram of a waveform selection method provided in an embodiment of this application. See also... Figure 7When an industrial IoT sensor is located at the edge of a satellite beam and needs to send a critical equipment alarm, the user equipment (UE) first acquires NTN link characteristic information, identifies a high path loss challenge, and determines that the service requirement is URLLC. At the decision node, once the service type is confirmed as URLLC, the system immediately activates the highest priority rule, forcibly selecting a low PAPR waveform without considering other link conditions. Specifically, the UE selects and uses a DFT-s-OFDM waveform based on π / 2BPSK modulation for uplink transmission. This scheme allows the UE's power amplifier to operate in high-efficiency mode, improving transmission reliability under poor coverage conditions and meeting the stringent requirements of URLLC services. This waveform selection method can include the following steps: When the UE is at the beam edge and needs to send URLLC data, it can acquire NTN link characteristic information, which may include high path loss and URLLC service link conditions. It prioritizes determining whether the service type is URLLC; if so, it activates the highest priority rule, forcibly selecting a low PAPR π / 2BPSK modulated DFT-s-OFDM waveform as the target waveform for data transmission.
[0079] For example, taking the waveform decision-making in a high-Doppler scenario to ensure eMBB service quality in a high-dynamic LEO scenario as an example, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 8 When user equipment on a commercial airliner provides internet service via LEO, the equipment detects a significant Doppler frequency offset in the link. The system classifies this as a Type II link condition (high dynamism) and triggers a waveform switching mechanism, switching from a conventional waveform to an orthogonal time-frequency space-time (OTFS) waveform, which is naturally robust to Doppler frequency offset. The OTFS waveform effectively overcomes signal distortion caused by high-speed movement by mapping modulation symbols to the time-delay-Doppler domain. This solution improves data transmission stability in high-dynamic scenarios and ensures the quality of service for eMBB services.
[0080] In another exemplary embodiment, a method for achieving seamless service transmission in a MEO time-varying channel has the following interaction timing: Figure 9As shown, for example, user equipment on an ocean-going vessel initially uses OFDM waveforms for video backhaul. Based on satellite ephemeris and its own location information, the equipment continuously analyzes channel change trends. When a significant deterioration in channel conditions is predicted, the equipment proactively initiates a waveform switching process, switching from OFDM waveforms to DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, which are more suitable for long-distance transmission and employ Frequency-Domain Spectral Shaping (FDSS). This predictive switching scheme allows the equipment to complete transmission mode adaptation before channel conditions actually deteriorate, resulting in a seamless and imperceptible service switching, effectively avoiding data interruptions or quality degradation that might occur due to passively responding to channel changes. This process can include the UE initially using OFDM waveforms, predicting channel change trends based on ephemeris and location information, and initiating waveform switching in advance when a significant deterioration in channel conditions is predicted, causing the UE to switch to the FDSS DFT-s-OFDM waveform.
[0081] In some embodiments, taking uplink interference coordination on the network side of a GEO network as an example, the system architecture and process of the method for uplink interference coordination on the network side through waveform allocation in the GEO network are as follows: Figure 10 After multiple user equipments (UEs) connect to the same GEO satellite beam, they report their respective NTN link characteristics to the network-side gateway. The network-side gateway, acting as an intelligent decision-making center, detects potential uplink interference risks, analyzes the link characteristics of each UE, identifies user pairs potentially prone to interference, executes interference coordination algorithms, and assigns differentiated target waveforms to different UEs. Specifically, the network side assigns a DFT-s-OFDM waveform to UE1 and a filtered OFDM waveform to UE2. These two waveforms generate signals with different spectral characteristics, effectively reducing interference between them.
[0082] In one exemplary embodiment, a method for assisting a terminal without GNSS capability to complete initial NTN access includes a signaling interaction process as follows: Figure 11 As shown, low-cost IoT sensors, lacking GNSS positioning capabilities, cannot compensate for uplink frequency offset, posing a significant challenge to their access in high-speed LEO networks. The terminal first sends a random access preamble. Upon receiving the preamble, the network detects that the terminal has not reported location information, determining that it lacks GNSS capability. Subsequently, the network directly assigns the use of the frequency offset-insensitive OFDM LFM waveform to the terminal in the random access response. Following the network instructions, the terminal sends a connection request using the OFDM LFM waveform, successfully completing the initial access process.
[0083] In other exemplary embodiments, taking waveform adaptation during high-Earth orbit (HEO) satellite handover as an example, this embodiment provides a method for maintaining service continuity during handover between HEO and HEO satellites, such as... Figure 12 As shown, when a user equipment needs to switch from an LEO satellite to a GEO satellite, the network side fully considers the link characteristics of the target GEO satellite when making the handover decision. Based on the orbit type of the target satellite, the network side selects the PAPR waveform most suitable for the GEO link characteristics for this handover. Subsequently, the handover command issued by the network not only includes the resource information of the target satellite, but also explicitly indicates the target waveform, a DFT-s-OFDM waveform based on π / 2 BPSK. The user equipment performs waveform reconfiguration simultaneously while performing satellite handover.
[0084] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a waveform selection device provided in an embodiment of this application. This device can execute the waveform selection method provided in any embodiment of this application, and possesses the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method. This device can be implemented by software and / or hardware. For example... Figure 13 As shown, the apparatus provided in this application embodiment specifically includes: The link feature module 710 is used to acquire non-terrestrial network link feature information.
[0085] The waveform selection module 720 is used to select a target waveform from a predefined set of waveforms based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0086] The data transmission module 730 is used to send uplink data using the target waveform.
[0087] In this embodiment, a link feature module acquires non-terrestrial network link feature information, a waveform selection module selects a target waveform from a waveform set that matches the non-terrestrial network link feature information, and a data transmission module sends uplink data through the target waveform. By considering the link features of the non-terrestrial network during waveform selection, this embodiment ensures that the waveform matches the actual situation of the non-terrestrial network, thereby improving the robustness of the communication system and enhancing the quality of the communication signal.
[0088] Based on the above-described embodiments, the waveform selection module 720 includes a matching unit, used to select, from the waveform set, a waveform that matches the link conditions indicated by the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information as the target waveform.
[0089] Based on the above-described embodiments, the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information includes at least one of the following: Equivalent isotropic radiated power value; Path loss estimate; The beam coverage area identifier corresponding to the first node; Doppler frequency offset; The relative velocity between the first node and the satellite; Atmospheric attenuation indicator.
[0090] Based on the above-described embodiments, the waveform for selecting the matching link condition in the matching unit includes at least one of the following: If the link conditions include the first type of conditions, then the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness in the matching waveform set is taken as the target waveform; If the link conditions include the second type of conditions, then the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness in the matching waveform set is taken as the target waveform.
[0091] Based on the above-described embodiments, the waveform with low peak-to-average bit characteristics includes at least one of the following: Single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation waveform; Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveforms based on Discrete Fourier Transform extension; DFT-s-OFDM waveforms obtained by applying frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS); The phase transition of the modulation symbol is constrained within the range of π / 2 in the DFT-s-OFDM waveform.
[0092] Based on the above-described embodiments, the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness includes at least one of the following: Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform; Orthogonal time-frequency spatial waveforms; CP-OFDM waveform with linear frequency modulation (LFM) applied; CP-OFDM waveforms with applied filtering or window functions; The CP-OFDM waveform with pitch reservation TR was applied.
[0093] Based on the above-described embodiments, the application further includes: a condition priority module for obtaining the orbit type of the serving satellite; and configuring the priority of the matching relationship between link conditions and waveforms based on the orbit type.
[0094] Based on the above application embodiments, Prioritizing matching relationships based on orbit type information includes at least one of the following: If the orbit type is determined to be low Earth orbit, then the matching relationship between the second type of condition and the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness is set as high priority; If the orbit type is determined to be geostationary orbit, then the matching relationship between the first type of condition and the waveform with low peak-to-average ratio characteristics is set to high priority; If the orbit type is determined to be medium Earth orbit, the priority of the matching relationship is dynamically adjusted according to the instantaneous orbital position of the satellite.
[0095] In some embodiments, the application further includes: a service quality requirement module, used to obtain the service quality requirements of the service; and to select a matching waveform as the target waveform from the waveform set according to the service type indicated by the service quality requirements of the service.
[0096] In some application embodiments, the quality of service requirement module is specifically used to: if the service type is determined to be ultra-reliable low-latency communication, then select a waveform with low peak-to-average bitness from the waveform set as the target waveform.
[0097] In some application embodiments, the waveform set includes waveforms with low peak-to-average bitness and waveforms with high Doppler frequency offset robustness.
[0098] In some embodiments, the waveform selection module 720 further includes an attenuation indication selection unit, which is used to select a waveform with a peak-to-average ratio lower than a predetermined peak-to-average ratio threshold from the waveform set if the atmospheric attenuation indication in the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information exceeds a predetermined attenuation threshold.
[0099] In some embodiments, the application also includes a trend change module, used to predict the trend of Doppler frequency offset value over time based on satellite ephemeris and the position information of the first node.
[0100] In some embodiments, the application further includes a waveform switching module, which determines the time when the Doppler frequency offset value reaches the communication quality threshold based on the changing trend, and switches the target waveform to a second waveform before the time.
[0101] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another waveform selection device provided in an embodiment of this application. This device can execute the waveform selection method provided in any embodiment of this application, and possesses the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method. This device can be implemented by software and / or hardware. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the apparatus provided in this application embodiment specifically includes: The link feature module 810 is used to acquire non-terrestrial network link feature information.
[0102] The waveform selection module 820 is used to select a target waveform from a predefined set of waveforms for at least one first node based on non-terrestrial network link characteristic information.
[0103] The instruction indication module 830 is used to send a selection instruction indicating the target waveform to the first node.
[0104] In this embodiment, a link feature module acquires non-terrestrial network link feature information, and a waveform selection module selects a target waveform for the first node from a predefined waveform set based on the non-terrestrial network link feature information. An instruction module then sends uplink data using the target waveform. By considering the link features of the non-terrestrial network during waveform selection, this embodiment ensures that the waveform matches the actual situation of the non-terrestrial network, thereby improving the robustness of the communication system and enhancing the quality of the communication signal.
[0105] In some embodiments, the selection instruction also includes timing information for waveform switching, which is used to instruct the first node to perform waveform switching at a specific time or time window.
[0106] In some embodiments, the waveform selection module is specifically used to coordinate and allocate different waveforms to each first node based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information of multiple first nodes.
[0107] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device includes a processor 10, a memory 11, an input device 12, and an output device 13; the number of processors 10 in the electronic device can be one or more. Figure 15 Taking a processor 10 as an example; in an electronic device, the processor 10, memory 11, input device 12, and output device 13 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 15 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.
[0108] The memory 11, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the module corresponding to the waveform selection device in the embodiments of this application. The processor 10 executes various functional applications and data processing of the electronic device by running the software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 11, thereby implementing the above-described method.
[0109] The memory 11 may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a given function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the electronic device. Furthermore, the memory 11 may include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some instances, the memory 11 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 10, which can be connected to the electronic device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
[0110] Input device 12 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and to generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the electronic device. Output device 13 may include display devices such as a display screen.
[0111] This application also provides a storage medium containing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a computer processor, are used to perform a waveform selection method, the method comprising: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information; The target waveform is selected from a predefined waveform set based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information; Uplink data is transmitted using the target waveform.
[0112] Alternatively, the computer-executable instructions, when executed by a computer processor, are used to perform a waveform selection method, the method comprising: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information; Based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, a target waveform is selected from a predefined waveform set for at least one first node; Send a selection command indicating the target waveform to the first node.
[0113] Based on the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented using software and necessary general-purpose hardware, and of course, it can also be implemented using hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk, or optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.
[0114] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of the above-mentioned device, the various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be realized; in addition, the specific names of each functional unit are only for easy differentiation and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0115] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps, apparatuses, or functional modules / units in the methods disclosed above can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.
[0116] In hardware implementations, the division between functional modules / units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, a physical component may have multiple functions, or a function or step may be performed collaboratively by several physical components. Some or all physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit. The corresponding software may be distributed on a computer-readable medium, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transient media). As is known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data). Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, as is known to those skilled in the art, communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.
[0117] The above description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates preferred embodiments of the present invention, but does not limit the scope of the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention should be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A waveform selection method, characterized in that, Applied to the first node, the method includes: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information; Based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, a target waveform is selected from a predefined waveform set; Uplink data is transmitted using the target waveform.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of selecting a target waveform from a predefined waveform set based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information includes: From the waveform set, the waveform that matches the link conditions indicated by the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information is selected as the target waveform.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-terrestrial network link characteristic information includes at least one of the following: Equivalent isotropic radiated power value; Path loss estimate; The beam coverage area identifier corresponding to the first node; Doppler frequency offset; The relative speed of the first node and the satellite; Atmospheric attenuation indicator.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The waveform selected to match the link condition includes at least one of the following: If the link conditions are determined to include the first type of conditions, then the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness in the waveform set is matched as the target waveform; If the link condition is determined to include the second type of condition, then the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness in the waveform set is matched as the target waveform.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The waveform with low peak-to-average bitness includes at least one of the following: Single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation waveform; Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveforms based on Discrete Fourier Transform extension; DFT-s-OFDM waveforms obtained by applying frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS); The phase transition of the modulation symbol is constrained within the range of π / 2 in the DFT-s-OFDM waveform.
6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness includes at least one of the following: Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform; Orthogonal time-frequency spatial waveforms; CP-OFDM waveform with linear frequency modulation (LFM) applied; CP-OFDM waveforms with applied filtering or window functions; The CP-OFDM waveform with pitch reservation TR was applied.
7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Obtain the orbital type of the service satellite; Based on the track type, configure the priority of the matching relationship between the link conditions and the waveform.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The priority of configuring the matching relationship based on the orbit type information includes at least one of the following: If the orbit type is determined to be a low Earth orbit, then the matching relationship between the second type of condition and the waveform with high Doppler frequency offset robustness is set to high priority; If the orbit type is determined to be geostationary orbit, then the matching relationship between the first type of condition and the waveform with low peak-to-average power ratio characteristics is set to high priority; If the orbit type is determined to be a medium Earth orbit, the priority of the matching relationship is dynamically adjusted based on the instantaneous orbital position of the satellite.
9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Service quality requirements for acquiring business; Based on the service type indicated by the service quality requirements of the service, a matching waveform is selected from the waveform set as the target waveform.
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The waveform matching based on service type includes: If the service type is determined to be ultra-reliable low-latency communication, then the waveform with low peak-to-average bitness in the waveform set is selected as the target waveform.
11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveform set includes waveforms with low peak-to-average bitness and waveforms with high Doppler frequency offset robustness.
12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of selecting the target waveform based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information includes: If the atmospheric attenuation indication in the non-terrestrial network link feature information exceeds a predetermined attenuation threshold, then a waveform with a peak-to-average ratio (PAR) lower than a predetermined PAR threshold is selected from the waveform set as the target waveform.
13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the satellite ephemeris and the location information of the first node, the trend of Doppler frequency offset over time is predicted.
14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the changing trend, determine the time when the Doppler frequency offset value reaches the communication quality threshold, and before the time, switch the target waveform to the second waveform.
15. A waveform selection method, characterized in that, Applied to the second node, the method includes: Obtain non-terrestrial network link characteristic information; Based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information, a target waveform is selected from a predefined waveform set for at least one first node; Send a selection command indicating the target waveform to the first node.
16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The selection instruction also includes timing information for waveform switching, which is used to instruct the first node to perform waveform switching at a specific time or time window.
17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The selection of at least one target waveform based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information includes: Based on the non-terrestrial network link characteristic information of multiple first nodes, different waveforms are coordinated and allocated to each first node.
18. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: One or more processors; Memory, used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement a waveform selection method as described in any one of claims 1-17.
19. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs, which are executed by one or more processors to implement a waveform selection method as described in any one of claims 1-17.