Device for regulating flow and distributing fluid in fluid circuit

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for regulating the flow in a fluid circuit and distributing a fluid, in particular a refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit. The device (1) has a housing (2) with fluid connections (2a, 2b, 2c) for connection to a fluid line, each of which is connected via at least one through-opening to an internal volume of the housing (2) formed as a valve chamber (3), and a valve element (4) arranged in the valve chamber (3), and having a drive element (5) for moving the valve element (4) relative to the housing (2).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for regulating and distributing fluid in a fluid circuit, particularly a refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit. The apparatus has a housing and at least one valve element. The housing has a fluid connection for connecting to a fluid line, each fluid connection being connected via at least one through opening to at least one internal volume of the housing formed as a valve chamber. The at least one valve element is arranged in the valve chamber and has a drive element for moving the valve element relative to the housing.

[0002] The present invention also relates to the use of the device in the refrigerant circuit of a thermal system, particularly a thermal system of a motor vehicle. Background Technology

[0003] In motor vehicles known from the prior art, high demands for passenger comfort in the passenger compartment are met by air conditioning systems having different circuits for refrigerant and coolant, each circuit having a heat exchanger with different operation. The refrigerant circuit of a conventional air conditioning system can be configured to operate in both heat pump mode and refrigeration system mode to distribute heat energy within the motor vehicle.

[0004] For example, particularly when operating the refrigerant circuit in heat pump mode, heat can be transferred from ambient air via a refrigerant-air heat exchanger, or heat can be transferred from the coolant circuit to the refrigerant via a refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger, and then this heat can be delivered to components of the vehicle with heat requirements or to the supply air leading to the passenger compartment. The refrigerant-air heat exchanger or refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger operates as an evaporator for the refrigerant.

[0005] During operation of the refrigerant circuit in refrigeration system mode, heat can be absorbed from the passenger compartment or from the supply air leading to the passenger compartment or other components, for example, in a refrigerant-air heat exchanger, and transferred to the environment. In this case, the refrigerant-air heat exchanger operates as a condenser or uses carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, or it can also operate as a gas cooler.

[0006] If, during subcritical operation of the refrigerant circuit, the refrigerant, such as R1234yf, R290, or R152a, is liquefied with carbon dioxide, or liquefied under certain environmental conditions, the heat exchanger is called a condenser. Some heat transfer occurs at a constant temperature. In supercritical operation, or where supercritical heat dissipation occurs in the heat exchanger, the refrigerant temperature continuously decreases. In this case, the heat exchanger is also called a gas cooler. Supercritical operation can occur under certain environmental conditions or operating modes of the refrigerant circuit, particularly in refrigerant circuits using carbon dioxide as the refrigerant.

[0007] The process of using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant differs thermodynamically from that of processes using other refrigerants. For example, supercritical heat dissipation involves isobaric, isothermal changes in the refrigerant compared to the isobaric, isothermal changes in conventional cold vapor processes using refrigerants such as R1234yf, R290, or R152a. The terms supercritical and subcritical heat dissipation refer to the characteristic state of the refrigerant at its critical point. For supercritical exothermic processes, the process is also known as a transcritical process. In the case of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, the condensation or gas cooling process, which is exothermic, occurs at significantly higher pressure levels than processes using conventional refrigerants.

[0008] In order to enable the heat exchanger to operate in various functions, such as operating as an evaporator on one hand and a condenser / gas cooler for the refrigerant on the other hand, depending on the operating mode of the air conditioning system, especially the refrigerant circuit, the corresponding heat exchanger is combined at different points in the refrigerant circuit and thus acts by the refrigerant in different states.

[0009] Multiple valves and connecting lines are required to provide various functions of the refrigerant circuit. Each valve has an actuator and is connected to a control unit, which leads to high system complexity. Therefore, in addition to high cost, this also results in a heavy refrigerant circuit. Furthermore, a considerable amount of installation space is required.

[0010] In refrigerant circuits using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, a large amount of force is required, especially for regulating valves between functions under pressure differentials of up to 100 bar.

[0011] For example, to ensure the functionality of a 3 / 2-way valve using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant—that is, a valve with three connections and two switching positions—two separate valves are used in the prior art, which are also known as so-called dual valves. Preferably, a metal-sealed needle valve, i.e., a valve whose valve body is formed as a needle, is used to seal and control the flow.

[0012] DE 10 2020 101 031 A1 discloses a 3 / 2-way valve as a device for regulating flow and distributing fluid in a refrigerant circuit. The device has a housing and at least one valve element. The housing has a connection for connecting to a fluid line, each connection being connected via a through opening to at least one internal volume of the housing formed as a valve chamber. The valve element is arranged in the valve chamber and has a drive element for moving the valve element relative to the housing. At least one valve element is mounted to be linearly displaced in the axial direction along a longitudinal axis, such that a passage for fluid can be opened between a first connection forming an inlet and a second connection forming a first outlet or a third connection forming a second outlet. The valve element is formed in an axially oriented cylindrical shape, having a needle-shaped first section and a needle-shaped second section, the first and second sections being connected to each other via a connecting element and arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the axial direction.

[0013] The device has at least two soft sealing elements, preferably made of rubber, two housings for various sections of the valve element, and multiple mating parts, each housing being formed as a needle-like element. To ensure the necessary sealing performance of the device, very high precision is required in the production of the components and their assembly into the device. Furthermore, the soft sealing elements can fail due to the movement of the valve element, which has sealing edges formed thereon, along the sealing elements, rendering them ineffective in providing a seal. Additionally, the formation of the two soft sealing elements requires a very large basic torque to move the valve element. Summary of the Invention

[0014] Technical issues

[0015] The object of this invention is to provide a device for regulating and distributing fluid in the fluid circuit of a motor vehicle's thermal system, particularly in a refrigerant circuit. This device is designed to be integrated with the function of a valve to minimize cost, weight, and installation space, while also minimizing system complexity. Furthermore, when used in circuits employing carbon dioxide as the circulating fluid and therefore at very high operating pressures and temperatures, particularly up to 170 bar and 165 °C, the device should be easy to operate, especially with minimal effort, and fluid-tight.

[0016] Solution to the problem

[0017] This objective is achieved through a subject matter that has the characteristics of the independent claim. Other improvements are indicated in the dependent claims.

[0018] This objective is achieved by a device for regulating and distributing fluid in at least one fluid circuit, particularly refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit. The device comprises: a housing having fluid connections for connecting to fluid lines, each fluid connection being connected via at least one through opening to at least one internal volume of the housing formed as a valve chamber; and at least one valve element disposed within the valve chamber and having a drive element for moving the valve element relative to the housing.

[0019] According to the concept of the invention, at least one valve element is mounted to be linearly displaced along a longitudinal axis between a first end position and a second end position, such that a passage for fluid is opened between a first fluid connection portion specifically formed as an inlet and a second fluid connection portion specifically formed as a first outlet, or between the first fluid connection portion and a third fluid connection portion specifically formed as a second outlet.

[0020] The valve element can be arranged in an intermediate position between the two end positions, such that the passage for fluid is at least partially opened between the first fluid connection and the second and third fluid connections.

[0021] Furthermore, according to the present invention, the valve element is generally formed as a hollow cylindrical member having at least two sections. These sections represent the valve needle of a needle valve, and in particular the hollow needle of a hollow needle valve.

[0022] According to another improvement of the invention, the wall of the valve element has flow openings, which are preferably arranged around the entire circumference of the valve element. The center of the flow opening, having an advantageous circular flow cross-section, is preferably arranged on a plane, which is specifically oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the valve element. The flow openings can be evenly distributed on the circumference of the wall, and in particular, can be formed with the same diameter.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and second segments of the valve element are arranged spaced apart from each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis and connected to each other by a third segment. The third segment is arranged between the first and second segments along the longitudinal direction of the valve element. Each segment of the valve element is oriented along the longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis of the valve element is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the device, such that the longitudinal axis of the valve element and the longitudinal axis of the device are the same.

[0024] The second section of the valve element is preferably formed as a hollow cylindrical portion, particularly a hollow circular cylindrical portion, which is substantially rotationally symmetrical about a longitudinal axis and has a base open on both sides. The second section is connected to the first section of the valve element at the first end via a third section. The axis of symmetry of the hollow circular cylindrical portion extends coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the valve element. In particular, the wall of the second section of the valve element has a flow opening in the region of the first end.

[0025] The second section of the valve element preferably has a larger diameter than the first section of the valve element.

[0026] The third segment of the valve element is advantageously rotate symmetrical about a longitudinal axis, forming a bell shape whose cross-section tapers in the direction of the longitudinal axis and has two open bases. Specifically, the edge of the first open base of the third segment, having the largest diameter, connects to the edge of the second segment of the valve element, which extends around the entire circumference at the first end of the second segment. The largest diameter of the first open base of the third segment corresponds to the diameter of the edge extending around the first end of the second segment.

[0027] The edge of the open second base of the third segment of the valve element, having a small diameter, is advantageously connected to the edge of the first segment of the valve element, the edge of the first segment of the valve element extending around the entire circumference at the second end. The small diameter of the open second base of the third segment of the valve element corresponds to the diameter of the edge extending around the second end of the first segment.

[0028] Another advantage of the invention is that the open base of the hollow cylindrical valve element is oriented toward the through opening of the first fluid connection portion of the housing, wherein the open base corresponds to the second end of the second segment of the valve element located distal to the first end. The diameter of the open base at the second end of the second segment of the valve element particularly corresponds approximately to the diameter of the through opening of the first fluid connection portion of the housing.

[0029] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one through opening of the second fluid connection or at least one through opening of the third fluid connection each leads to a flow channel. The corresponding flow channel is formed to extend around the valve element between the outer side of the valve element and the housing, and is particularly formed as an annular channel.

[0030] When the valve element is positioned at the first end, the flow opening of the valve element is advantageously positioned entirely within the flow passage of the second fluid connection, such that the flow path between the first and second fluid connections is opened by the valve element. The valve element is arranged such that there is no fluid connection between the internal volume of the valve element and, consequently, between the flow passages of the first and third fluid connections.

[0031] When the valve element is positioned at the second end, the flow opening of the valve element is preferably completely located within the flow channel region of the third fluid connection, such that the flow path between the first and third fluid connections is opened by the valve element. The valve element is arranged such that there is no fluid connection between the internal volume of the valve element and, consequently, between the flow channels of the first and second fluid connections.

[0032] According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one through-opening of the first fluid connection is oriented along the axial direction of the valve element, while at least one through-opening of the second fluid connection or at least one through-opening of the third fluid connection is preferably oriented radially relative to the valve element. The through-openings of the second and third fluid connections are preferably arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the axial direction.

[0033] According to another improvement of the invention, at least two sealing regions are formed between the housing and the valve element. The valve element is supported directly against the housing in each sealing region around its entire circumference. The sealing regions are therefore advantageously formed as metallic seals in their respective cases. The first sealing region is arranged axially, particularly between the first fluid connection and the third fluid connection, while the second sealing region is arranged between the first fluid connection and the second fluid connection.

[0034] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, a sealing element is provided between the housing and the valve element, the sealing element being specifically formed as a sealing ring and supported against the valve element around its entire circumference. The sealing element is arranged axially, particularly between the second fluid connection and the third fluid connection, thereby sealing the fluid connections relative to each other.

[0035] The device can be configured such that the fluid expands as it flows through it. Additionally, the device can be configured such that the fluid can flow bidirectionally.

[0036] According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one valve element is connected via an actuating element to a drive element disposed outside the housing.

[0037] The actuating element is preferably formed as a drive shaft oriented in the axial direction. The actuating element is specifically arranged to be firmly connected to the drive element at a first end and to protrude into the housing and connect to the valve element at a second end located distal to the first end.

[0038] The drive element can be configured as a linear motor or a rotary motor with a transmission arrangement, particularly threads and anti-slip elements, for transmitting the rotational motion of the drive element about a longitudinal axis into linear motion of the valve element relative to the housing in the longitudinal axis direction. The transmission arrangement, combined with the anti-slip elements, is used to transmit the rotational motion of the drive element or actuating element about its longitudinal axis into translational lifting motion of the valve element, wherein the translational lifting motion corresponds to linear motion.

[0039] The drive element configured as a rotary motor is preferably formed as an electric servo motor, particularly a stepper motor or servo motor, which advantageously allows for, for example, angular position control. The motor may be equipped with a sensor for determining the position. The rotational position of the connecting element determined by the sensor can be continuously transmitted to an electronic control system, which adjusts the motor's movement in the control circuit according to an adjustable desired value, such as the desired angular position of the connecting element.

[0040] The transmission arrangement is advantageously configured as a threaded pair between the actuating element and the valve element. The actuating element is arranged to be inserted into the opening of the valve element, particularly the opening of the first section of the valve element. The actuating element preferably has external threads on its outer side, while an internal thread corresponding to the external threads is formed inside the opening of the valve element.

[0041] As a 3 / 2-way valve, particularly a 3 / 2-way valve having a hollow needle and actuator as valve elements for fluid passage, this device advantageously represents a combination of two valves, particularly a combination of two shut-off valves. Fluid, particularly refrigerant, is guided from the inlet to the first outlet or main outlet and / or the second outlet or secondary outlet.

[0042] Therefore, the mass flow of fluid into the device can pass through one of the two outlets in each case, while the other outlet is sealed and thus closed. Between the end positions of the valve element, the flow cross-sections of the outlets are proportional to each other, and the mass flow exits the device through both outlets in the end positions at a ratio of 100% / 0% or 0% / 100%.

[0043] Such a device, used in air conditioning systems with refrigerant circuits using carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, particularly in motor vehicle air conditioning systems, typically requires bidirectional flow through at least some components because the refrigerant flows in opposite directions within the refrigerant circuit, for example, the flow direction is opposite between the operating mode of a refrigeration system and the operating mode of a heat pump, also known as heating operation. This device can also achieve this function, allowing flow in both directions or bidirectionally.

[0044] The device according to the invention is configured as a highly integrated component, particularly a refrigerant valve, to perform multiple functions. The functions of individual valves are combined within the device.

[0045] Advantageous embodiments of the invention enable the use of devices for regulating and distributing fluid flow in the refrigerant circuit of a motor vehicle's thermal system, particularly a thermal management system, for example, to regulate the mass flow of air to be supplied to components of the passenger compartment or drivetrain. This device then also functions as an adaptive multi-port refrigerant valve for the vehicle's air conditioning system.

[0046] The refrigerant circuit of the device used therein can be operated with any desired refrigerant, particularly R1234yf, R1234a, R134a, R744, R404a, R600 or R600a, R290, R152a, R32 and mixtures thereof.

[0047] The device according to the invention—which is preferably configured as an electrically driven 3 / 2-way needle valve for refrigerant carbon dioxide, and particularly as a highly variable refrigerant valve having multiple possible flow paths for the refrigerant—has various advantages in general:

[0048] The 3 / 2-way valve combines different valve functions, specifically the functions of two valves, namely, a shut-off valve.

[0049] Reducing component complexity leads to simpler controls and a lower probability of errors and failures, which lowers expected warranty costs.

[0050] Operation is facilitated by reducing the actuating force required to move the valve element, particularly through pressure compensation on the valve element. The valve element is in a state of near isostatic pressure, and no combined pressure acts specifically on the valve element in the axial direction.

[0051] Furthermore, since only one actuator is required and connecting pipes are eliminated, the weight is minimized.

[0052] By minimizing refrigerant leakage through the elimination of connecting pipes and sealing points, costs for the end customer are reduced during maintenance.

[0053] It has a long service life because the valve elements are predominantly metal-sealed, resulting in low wear, and the soft-seal elements may not move along or beyond the sealing edge.

[0054] Lowest production, maintenance and operating costs and minimum required installation space. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Further details, features, and advantages of embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0056] Figure 1a The first device is shown in a side cross-sectional view. This first device is configured as a dual-valve system consisting of two separate valves for regulating fluid flow in a fluid circuit. It has a housing with one inlet and two outlets, and two valve elements according to the prior art, each of which is arranged in a valve chamber within a shared housing.

[0057] Figure 1b The following is a side cross-sectional view illustrating a second device for regulating fluid flow in a fluid circuit. The device has a housing with one inlet and two outlets, and valve elements arranged in a valve chamber according to prior art.

[0058] Figure 2 The following is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view illustrating an apparatus according to the invention for regulating the flow of a fluid in a fluid circuit, particularly a refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit of an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle. The apparatus has a housing and a valve element disposed within the housing.

[0059] Figure 3a and Figure 3b The side cross-sectional view shows the device in the open state of the first outlet and the closed state of the second outlet. Figure 2 The device, and in the closed state of the first outlet of the device and the open state of the second outlet of the device. Figure 2 The device,

[0060] Figure 4a and Figure 4b Shown in detailed view Figure 3a and Figure 3b The device, and

[0061] Figure 5a and Figure 5b Shown in detailed view Figure 4a and Figure 4b The device was described, and pressure compensation was indicated. Detailed Implementation

[0062] exist Figure 1a The first device 1' is shown in a side cross-section. The first device 1' is formed as a double valve consisting of two separate valves for regulating the flow of fluid in a fluid circuit, having a housing 2' with one inlet and two outlets, and two valve elements 4' according to the prior art, each valve element being arranged in a valve chamber 3' of the common housing 2'.

[0063] The housing 2' of device 1' has a first fluid connection 2a', a second fluid connection 2b', and a third fluid connection 2c' for connection to a fluid pipeline, respectively. The through-opening to the first fluid connection 2a' is oriented axially along the valve element 4', while the through-openings of the second fluid connection 2b' and the third fluid connection 2c' are each oriented radially along the valve element 4'. Device 1' can operate as a 3 / 2-way valve.

[0064] Specifically, the device 1' formed by two electrically driven valves has a drive element 5' for each valve, and the drive element 5' in each case sets the drive shaft, which is set as an actuator element 6', to perform rotational motion. The drive element 5' in each case is formed, for example, an electric servo motor for driving the actuator element 6'.

[0065] By means of a transmission arrangement structure 7' disposed on an actuating element 6' oriented in the axial direction, the rotational motion of the actuating element 6' is transmitted about its longitudinal axis as a translational lifting motion of the valve element 4', which is preferably formed as a valve needle. The translational lifting motion corresponds in each case to a linear motion 8' of the valve element 4' in the axial direction, that is, in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the actuating element 6' and the direction of the longitudinal axis of the valve element 4'.

[0066] The transmission arrangement 7' is, in its respective case, positioned between the actuating element 6' and the valve element 4'. The actuating element 6' is inserted through its free end into the opening formed in the valve element 4'. The actuating element 6' is, in its respective case, generally in the shape of a cylindrical rod, particularly a circular rod with sections of varying diameters. The free end of the actuating element 6' is, in its respective case, located at the distal end of the end connected to the drive element 5'.

[0067] Each valve element 4' is arranged in a valve seat element 9'. The valve elements 4', which move linearly in the axial direction and extend approximately in the axial direction, are each held by an anti-slip element 10' in their respective cases. The anti-slip element 10' prevents the valve elements 4' from rotating about the axial direction or the longitudinal axis of the valve elements 4', and allows the valve elements 4' to move linearly in the axial direction 8'.

[0068] Each valve element 4' is arranged in a sealing manner via two sealing elements 11', 12', particularly relative to the housing 2' or relative to the valve seat element 9'. The first sealing element 11' is formed as a seat seal, particularly a valve seat seal, and is arranged between the housing 2', the valve element 4', and the valve seat element 9', while the second sealing element 12' is formed as a sliding seal, particularly a rod seal, in the shape of an axial seal or an annular seal.

[0069] Due to the size of the electric actuator, only a limited force can be used to move the valve element 4', i.e., the valve needle. Furthermore, in the unenergized state of the electric actuator 5' and at temperatures ranging from -40°C to +120°C, particularly up to +165°C, it is essential to ensure tight contact of the valve element 4' within the valve seat element 9' under its respective conditions. By generating a force acting on the valve element 4' and thus pressing it into the valve seat element 9', the valve element 4' can be held by the transmission arrangement structure 7', which is formed as a self-locking moving thread. However, the combination of the force pressing the valve element 4' into the valve seat element 9' with temperature changes and the varying degrees of expansion of the components can cause the components to jam, particularly the valve element 4' within the first sealing element 11'.

[0070] Figure 1b A second device 1” for regulating the flow of fluid in a fluid circuit is shown in a lateral cross-sectional view. The second device 1” has a valve element 4” arranged in a common housing 2” according to the prior art. Device 1” is formed as a replacement according to Figure 1a The device 1” has two separate valves, specifically in order to reduce the number of two valves to one component.

[0071] The device 1” has a housing 2”, which has a first fluid connection 2a” as an inlet for fluid, a second fluid connection 2b” as a first outlet for fluid, and a third fluid connection 2c” as a second outlet for fluid. The fluid connections 2a”, 2b”, and 2c” for connecting lines to other components of the fluid circuit are each connected to the internal volume of the housing 2” via through openings. The through openings of the fluid connections 2a”, 2b”, and 2c” each lead to a valve chamber 3”. A valve element 4” is arranged within the valve chamber 3”.

[0072] The valve element 4”, generally composed of three segments 4a”, 4b”, and 4c”, has a cylindrical shape with a circular cross-section. Two outer segments 4a” and 4b”, spaced apart from each other in the direction of the axis of symmetry and therefore in the longitudinal direction of the valve element 4, are fixedly connected to each other via a segment 4c” called a connecting element. The first segment 4a” and the second segment 4b” are also referred to as the first valve needle and the second valve needle. A third segment 4c”, formed as a connecting element, is disposed between the outer segments 4a” and 4b” in the longitudinal direction of the valve element 4”. The segments 4a”, 4b”, and 4c” are arranged along a common axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis.

[0073] Valve element 4” is arranged such that, in each case, it can be displaced longitudinally in both the region of the first section 4a” and the region of the second section 4b”. Valve seat elements 9a” and 9b”, which are arranged in a sealing manner relative to housing 2” or relative to valve element 4” via sealing elements 11” and 12” respectively, allow valve element 4” to move linearly in the direction of the longitudinal axis.

[0074] The valve element 4” is connected to the drive element 5 disposed outside the housing 2” via an actuator element 6”, also referred to as the actuator. The longitudinal axis of the valve element 4” and the longitudinal axis of the actuator element 6” are coaxially oriented relative to each other. The actuator element 6”, for example, is formed as a shaft and is fixedly connected to the drive element 5 at its first end. The actuator element 6” is arranged such that a second end formed at the distal end of the first end passes through the wall of the housing 2”, thereby protruding into the housing 2” in a sealing manner relative to the housing 2” at its end face. The drive element 5” is formed, for example, as an electric servo motor for driving the actuator element 6”. The cylindrical valve element 4”, which extends generally in the axial direction, is guided in terms of linear movement 8” in the axial direction, i.e., in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the actuator element 6”.

[0075] Through the linear movement of valve element 4", the first fluid connection 2a" serving as the fluid inlet is fluidly connected to either the second fluid connection 2b" serving as the fluid's first outlet or the third fluid connection 2c" serving as the fluid's second outlet. Through a specific arrangement of valve element 4", the first fluid connection 2a" can be fluidly connected to both the second fluid connection 2b" and the third fluid connection 2c".

[0076] The existing devices 1', 1" have at least two rapidly wearing sealing elements 11', 11" , 12' , 12" , two housings 2 or housing 2" designed in a complex manner, and multiple components. Ensuring the required sealing performance of devices 1', 1" requires extremely high precision in the production of each component and its assembly with devices 1', 1" . Due to the movement of the corresponding valve elements 4', 4" and the sealing edges formed thereon along the sealing elements 11', 11" , 12' , 12" , the sealing elements 11', 11" , 12' , 12" are damaged, rendering them unable to perform their sealing function.

[0077] exist Figure 2 The image shows a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a device 1 for regulating the flow of fluid in a fluid circuit according to the invention, the fluid being, in particular, the refrigerant circuit of an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle, the device having a housing 2 and a valve element 4 arranged within a valve chamber 3 enclosed by the housing 2. Figure 3aThe side cross-sectional view shows the first fluid connection 2a (serving as the fluid inlet) and the second fluid connection 2b (serving as the first fluid outlet) in the open state, and the third fluid connection 2c (serving as the second fluid outlet) in the closed state. Figure 2 Device 1, and Figure 3b The side cross-sectional view shows the first fluid connection 2a and the third fluid connection 2c in the open state and the second fluid connection 2b in the closed state. Figure 2 Device 1. In Figure 4a and Figure 4b middle, Figure 3a and Figure 3b The apparatus 1 is shown in detailed views.

[0078] In particular, the housing 2 of the device 1, which is configured as a 3 / 2-way valve, has a first fluid connection 2a, a second fluid connection 2b, and a third fluid connection 2c, which are respectively used for connecting to fluid lines in a fluid circuit. The through opening of the first fluid connection 2a is oriented along the axial direction of the valve element 4, while the through openings of the second fluid connection 2b and the third fluid connection 2c are oriented approximately radially relative to the valve element 4. The second fluid connection 2b and the third fluid connection 2c on the housing 2 each have circumferentially distributed through openings. The through openings of each fluid connection 2b and 2c are connected to each other via flow channels. The flow channels are respectively formed as annular channels between the outer side of the wall of the valve element 4 and the housing 2.

[0079] Valve element 4—which is arranged within valve chamber 3 enclosed by housing 2 and is generally rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis and formed as a hollow valve needle—has three sections 4a, 4b, and 4c along the longitudinal axis. The first section 4a and the second section 4b are formed as hollow cylindrical parts, and the second section is specifically formed as a hollow circular cylindrical part, each section having a circular open cross-section.

[0080] The first and second segments 4a and 4b, which are spaced apart from each other in the direction of the axis of symmetry and therefore in the longitudinal direction of the valve element 4, are connected to each other by means of a third segment 4c, which is formed as a transition. The segments 4a, 4b, and 4c of the valve element 4 are arranged to be oriented along a common axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis. The third segment 4c is arranged between the outer segments 4a and 4b in the longitudinal direction of the valve element 4.

[0081] The device 1, specifically configured as an electrically driven valve, has an electric motor as a drive element 5, which sets the drive shaft, which serves as the actuating element 6, to perform a rotational motion 6a. By means of a transmission arrangement structure 7, particularly a threaded portion, especially a so-called moving threaded portion, provided on the actuating element 6, which is oriented in the axial direction, the rotational motion 6a of the actuating element 6 about its longitudinal axis is transmitted as a translational lifting motion of the valve element 4, which is formed as a hollow valve needle. This translational lifting motion corresponds to a linear motion 8 of the valve element 4 in the axial direction and therefore in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the actuating element 6, which serves as the drive shaft.

[0082] The threaded pair of the transmission arrangement structure 7 is provided between the valve element 4 and the actuating element 6. In this case, the actuating element 6 is inserted through its free end into the opening 4-1 formed in the valve element 4, particularly in the first segment 4a of the valve element 4, wherein the actuating element 6 is generally cylindrical in shape, particularly a circular rod with segments of different diameters. The free end of the actuating element 6 is located at the distal end of the end connected to the drive element 5.

[0083] Therefore, the actuating element 6 has an external thread at its free end to serve as the first element of the threaded pair in the transmission arrangement structure 7, while an internal thread is formed within the opening 4-1 of the valve element 4 to serve as the second element of the threaded pair in the transmission arrangement structure 7. The opening 4-1 is arranged within the first section 4a of the valve element 4 at its first end, oriented in the axial direction, thereby penetrating the first section 4a in the direction of the longitudinal axis. Depending on the arrangement of the actuating element 6 within the opening 4-1 of the valve element 4, the actuating element 6 can protrude into the third section 4c of the valve element 4, and thus protrude through the first section 4a of the valve element 4.

[0084] The valve element 4, which moves linearly in the axial direction and extends substantially in the axial direction, is held by an anti-slip element 10, which prevents the valve element 4 from rotating about the axial direction or the longitudinal axis of the valve element 4, and allows linear movement 8 in the axial direction.

[0085] The valve element 4 is generally formed as rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis in the first section 4a and therefore has a shaped portion 4-2 at the first end oriented in the axial direction that is off-symmetrical and points in the radial direction. The shaped portions 4-2 provided at the first end of the valve element 4 in the first section 4a protrude oppositely from the valve element 4 in a pair and extend along the longitudinal axis, wherein the ends of the shaped portions 4-2 face the drive element 5.

[0086] The anti-slip element 10, which is fixed in rotation within the housing 2 and is particularly disc-shaped, has a passage opening with recessed or grooved portions. These recesses are arranged opposite to each other relative to the longitudinal axis of the valve element 4 and correspond in shape and size to the shape and size of the formed portion 4-2 of the valve element 4. The shape of the recesses in the passage opening of the anti-slip element 10 corresponds, in each case, to the external shape of the formed portion 4-2 of the valve element 4 plus clearance for the valve element 4 to slide axially within the passage opening of the anti-slip element 10.

[0087] By forming a shaped portion 4-2 on the outer side of the first region 4a of the valve element 4 and arranging the shaped portion 4-2 within the notch or groove of the anti-slip element 10 fixed in the housing 2, rotational movement of the valve element 4 driven by the actuating element 6 rotating around the longitudinal axis is prevented. Therefore, the valve element 4 is guided to linear movement 8 by the rotational movement 6a of the actuating element 6, without its own rotation around the longitudinal axis.

[0088] The 3 / 2-way valve is achieved by the linear movement 8 of the valve element 4, which is formed as a hollow needle, along the longitudinal axis of the device 1. In particular, the second section 4b of the valve element 4 is used to regulate the corresponding flow path of the fluid through the device 1.

[0089] The second section 4b of the valve element 4 is formed into a hollow cylindrical shape and has a base that is open on both sides. The axis of symmetry of the hollow cylindrical section is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the device 1. The second section 4b is connected to the first section 4a of the valve element 4 at its first end via a third section 4c. The diameter of the second section 4b is larger than the diameter of the first section 4a of the valve element 4.

[0090] To connect the first segment 4a and the second segment 4b of valve element 4 to each other, the third segment 4c is formed into a bell shape with a reduced cross-section along the longitudinal axis, resembling a calyx or hemisphere, and having two open bases. The edge of the open base of the third segment 4c with the largest diameter connects to the edge of the second segment 4b, the edge of the second segment 4b extending around the entire circumference at the first end. The largest diameter of the open base of the third segment 4c corresponds to the diameter of the edge extending around the first end of the second segment 4b.

[0091] Furthermore, the edge of the open base of the third segment 4c, which has a small diameter, connects to the edge of the first segment 4a, the edge of the first segment 4a extending around the entire circumference at the second end. The small diameter of the open base of the third segment 4c corresponds to the diameter of the edge extending around the second end of the first segment 4a.

[0092] The open base of the second end of the second segment 4b of the valve element 4 is arranged to be oriented toward the through opening of the first fluid connection 2a, wherein the second end is located at the far end of the first end and also corresponds to the second end of the valve element 4.

[0093] The wall of the second section 4b of valve element 4 preferably has a constant wall thickness, and has flow openings 4-3 in the region at the first end and in the transition to the third section 4c of valve element 4. The flow openings 4-3 are particularly evenly distributed on the circumference of the wall and preferably have the same diameter.

[0094] according to Figure 2 , Figure 3a and Figure 4a When valve element 4 is positioned at the first end, the flow opening 4-3 is completely disposed within the flow channel region of the second fluid connection 2b, thereby opening the flow path between the first fluid connection 2a, which serves as the inlet for fluid in device 1, and the second fluid connection 2b, which serves as the first outlet for fluid in device 1. Valve element 4 is arranged through the wall of the second section 4b such that no fluid connection is opened between the internal volume of valve element 4 and the flow channel of the third fluid connection 2c. The flow path between the first fluid connection 2a, which serves as the inlet for fluid in device 1, and the third fluid connection 2c, which serves as the second outlet for fluid in device 1, is closed. Fluid flows into device 1 through the first fluid connection 2a and out of device 1 through the second fluid connection 2b.

[0095] according to Figure 3b and Figure 4b In the second end position of valve element 4, valve element 4 is arranged such that the flow passage of the third fluid connection 2c and the associated through opening of the first fluid connection 2a are fully opened, thus opening the flow path between the first fluid connection 2a, which serves as the inlet for fluid in device 1, and the third fluid connection 2c, which serves as the second outlet for fluid in device 1. Valve element 4 is arranged through the wall of the second section 4b such that no fluid connection is opened between the internal volume of valve element 4 and the flow passage of the second fluid connection 2b. The flow path between the first fluid connection 2a, which serves as the inlet for fluid in device 1, and the second fluid connection 2b, which serves as the first outlet for fluid in device 1, is closed. Fluid flows into device 1 through the first fluid connection 2a and out of device 1 through the third fluid connection 2c.

[0096] Valve element 4 is sealed relative to housing 2 in two different sealing regions 11, 12, and by means of... Figure 4a and Figure 4bThe sealing element 13, specifically shown, provides a seal, with each sealing region in the sealing area forming a sealing edge. The valve element 4 is directly supported against the housing 2 in the sealing regions 11 and 12, while the sealing element 13 is arranged between the housing 2 and the valve element 4, particularly the second section 4b of the sealing element 4, thereby providing support around the entire circumference. The sealing element 13 is preferably formed as a sealing ring.

[0097] Since both the housing 2 and the valve element 4 are made of metal, the valve element 4 seals to the housing 2 in the metal aspect within the sealing regions 11 and 12. Both the housing 2 and the valve element 4 are made of stainless steel. Figure 4a A first sealing region 11 is formed axially between a first fluid connection 2a, which serves as an inlet for fluid entering the device 1, and a third fluid connection 2c, which serves as a second outlet for fluid flowing out of the device 1. The valve element 4 rests against the housing 2 in a sealing manner around the entire circumference in the region of its second end, and therefore also in the region of the second end of the second section 4b of the valve element 4. Figure 4b A second sealing region 12 is formed between a first fluid connection 2a, which serves as an inlet for fluid to enter the device 1, and a second fluid connection 2b, which serves as a first outlet for fluid to flow out of the device 1. In the region of the second section 4b, the valve element 4 is supported against the housing 2 in a sealing manner around the entire circumference. Furthermore, since the sealing element 13 is arranged axially between the second fluid connection 2b, which serves as the first outlet for fluid to flow out of the device 1, and the third fluid connection 2c, which serves as the second outlet for fluid to leave the device 2, the fluid connections 2b and 2c, each serving as fluid outlets, are sealed relative to each other. This ensures that, in the end position of the valve element 4, the mass flow of fluid entering the device exits the device 1 to a 100% extent through one of the outlets in each case.

[0098] Even during the movement of valve element 4, sealing element 13 is always in contact with valve element 4, especially the outer side of the second section 4b of valve element 4, and in particular in flat contact, so that sealing element 13 is not swept by the sealing edge of valve element 4.

[0099] In the corresponding arrangement of valve element 4 at one of its end positions in any end position, on the one hand, according to Figure 2 , Figure 3a and Figure 4a And on the other hand, according to Figure 3b and Figure 4bThe mass flow passing through the first fluid connection 2a, which serves as the inlet of device 1, is discharged in each case through one of the two fluid connections 2b and 2c, which are open and serve as the fluid outlets of device 1. Simultaneously, the corresponding other of the two fluid connections 2c and 2b, which serve as the fluid outlets of device 1, is closed or sealed by valve element 4. The mass flow of fluid into device 1 is then 100% discharged from device 1 again in each case through one of the fluid connections 2b and 2c, which serve as the fluid outlets.

[0100] When valve element 4 is arranged between the two unpresented end positions, the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path opening and thus the partial mass flow of fluid through the second fluid connection 2b and the third fluid connection 2c are proportional to each other.

[0101] For example, specifically from Figure 4a and Figure 4b as well as Figure 5a and Figure 5b As can be seen, valve element 4 is subjected to a fluid with a first pressure p1 through the through opening of the first fluid connection 2a, such that pressure p1 acts on valve element 4 approximately in the axial direction. The through openings of the second fluid connection 2b and the third fluid connection 2c are both subjected to a fluid with a second pressure p2, such that pressure p2 acts on valve element 4 approximately in the radial direction. All pressurized surfaces of valve element 4 are designed such that valve element 4 is arranged in a nearly isostatic state. The compressive forces acting on valve element 4 are balanced, such that no combined compressive force is applied to valve element 4, especially in the axial direction. Valve element 4 completely releases pressure, which allows for low-torque operation even at high operating pressures and eliminates the need for, for example, expensive pressure compensation springs.

[0102] The device 1 preferably has a flow cross-section with a diameter ranging from 3 mm to 9 mm from the first fluid connection 2a to the second fluid connection 2b, and a flow cross-section with a diameter ranging from 3 mm to 10 mm from the first fluid connection 2a to the third fluid connection 2c. The maximum flow cross-section through the second fluid connection 2b is relatively small due to the flow passing through the valve element 4. Figure 4b The valve element 4 has a stroke range of 8.5 mm in the linear motion direction, and the installation length L is approximately 41 mm, specifically 41.2 mm.

[0103] Specifically, at the two end positions of the valve element 4 within the housing 2, fluid can flow bidirectionally through the device 1, allowing the second fluid connection 2b and the third fluid connection 2c to each serve as fluid inlets, while the first fluid connection 2a serves as a fluid outlet. Similarly, the second fluid connection 2b or the third fluid connection 2c can serve as a fluid inlet, while the corresponding other fluid connection 2b or 2c serves as a fluid outlet.

[0104] Device 1 can be configured as a so-called insertion valve, also known as an "embedded valve". Device 1 or multiple devices 1 are each inserted into a block, particularly a block made of aluminum, which is also specifically designed for use in refrigerant circuits that use carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.

[0105] List of reference numerals

[0106] 1,1',1” device

[0107] 2, 2', 2” shell

[0108] 2a, 2a', 2a” First fluid connection section

[0109] 2b, 2b', 2b” Second fluid connection section

[0110] 2c, 2c', 2c” Third fluid connection part

[0111] 3, 3', 3” Valve chamber

[0112] 4, 4', 4” valve elements

[0113] 4-1 Opening of valve element 4

[0114] 4-2 Formed part of valve element 4

[0115] 4-3 Flow opening of valve core 4

[0116] 4a, 4a” Valve element 4, 4” first section

[0117] 4b, 4b” The second section of valve element 4, 4”

[0118] 4c, 4c” valve element 4, 4” third section”

[0119] 5, 5', 5” drive elements

[0120] 6, 6', 6” Actuating elements

[0121] 6a Rotational motion

[0122] 7.7' Transmission Arrangement Structure

[0123] 8, 8', 8” linear motion

[0124] 9', 9a", 9b" valve seat elements

[0125] 10' Anti-slip elements

[0126] 11 First Sealing Area

[0127] 11', 11” First sealing element

[0128] 12 Second sealing area

[0129] 12', 12" Second sealing element

[0130] 13 Sealing elements

[0131] p1, p2 pressure

[0132] L length

Claims

1. An apparatus (1) for regulating flow and distributing fluid in a fluid circuit, the fluid being, in particular, a refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit, the apparatus (1) having a housing (2) and a valve element (4), the housing (2) having fluid connections (2a, 2b, 2c) for connection to a fluid line, each of the fluid connections (2a, 2b, 2c) being connected via at least one through opening to an internal volume of the housing (2) formed as a valve chamber (3), the valve element (4) being arranged in the valve chamber (3) and having a drive element (5) for moving the valve element (4) relative to the housing (2), characterized in that, The valve element (4) is mounted to be linearly displaced along the longitudinal axis between a first end position and a second end position, such that a passage for the fluid is opened between the first fluid connection (2a) and the second fluid connection (2b) and / or between the first fluid connection (2a) and the third fluid connection (2c), and the valve element (4) is generally formed as a hollow cylindrical member having at least two sections (4a, 4b).

2. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wall of the valve element (4) has flow openings (4-3).

3. The apparatus (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow opening (4-3) of the valve element (4) is arranged around the entire circumference of the valve element (4).

4. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first section (4a) and the second section (4b) of the valve element (4) are arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis and connected to each other via the third section (4c).

5. The apparatus (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second section (4b) of the valve element (4) is formed in the shape of a hollow cylindrical part, particularly a hollow circular cylindrical part, which is generally rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis and has a base open on both sides, wherein the second section (4b) is connected at the first end to the first section (4a) of the valve element (4) via the third section (4c).

6. The apparatus (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wall of the second section (4b) of the valve element (4) has the flow opening (4-3) in the region of the first end.

7. The apparatus (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The diameter of the second section (4b) of the valve element (4) is greater than the diameter of the first section (4a) of the valve element (4).

8. The apparatus (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The third segment (4c) of the valve element (4) is rotate symmetrical about the longitudinal axis and is formed into a bell shape with a cross section tapering in the direction of the longitudinal axis, and has two open bases, wherein the edge of the open base with the largest diameter of the third segment (4c) is connected to the edge of the second segment (4b) of the valve element (4), the edge of the second segment (4b) extending around the entire circumference at the first end.

9. The apparatus (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that, The edge of the open base with a small diameter of the third segment (4c) is connected to the edge of the first segment (4a) of the valve element (4), the edge of the first segment (4a) extending around the entire circumference at the second end.

10. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The open base of the hollow cylindrical valve element (4) is arranged to be oriented toward the through opening of the first fluid connection (2a).

11. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that, The at least one through opening of the second fluid connection (2b) and / or the at least one through opening of the third fluid connection (2c) are respectively formed as a flow passage, wherein the corresponding flow passage is formed to extend around the valve element (4) between the outside of the valve element (4) and the housing (2).

12. The apparatus (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that, When the valve element (4) is arranged at the first end position, the flow opening (4-3) of the valve element (4) is completely arranged in the region of the flow channel of the second fluid connection (2b), so that a flow path is formed between the first fluid connection (2a) and the second fluid connection (2b).

13. The apparatus (1) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, When the valve element (4) is arranged at the second end position, the flow opening (4-3) of the valve element (4) is completely arranged in the region of the flow channel of the third fluid connection (2c), so that a flow path is formed between the first fluid connection (2a) and the third fluid connection (2c).

14. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The at least one through opening of the first fluid connection (2a) is arranged to be oriented along the axial direction of the valve element (4).

15. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The at least one through opening of the second fluid connection (2b) and / or the at least one through opening of the third fluid connection (2c) are arranged to be oriented radially relative to the valve element (4).

16. The apparatus (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that, The through opening of the second fluid connection (2b) and the through opening of the third fluid connection (2c) are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction.

17. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, At least two sealing regions (11, 12) are formed between the housing (2) and the valve element (4), wherein the valve element (4) is supported directly against the housing (2) around the entire circumference in the sealing regions (11, 12), and the sealing regions (11, 12) are each formed as metal seals.

18. The apparatus (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that, A first sealing region (11) is arranged in the axial direction between the first fluid connection (2a) and the third fluid connection (2c).

19. The apparatus (1) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, A second sealing region (12) is arranged between the first fluid connection (2a) and the second fluid connection (2b).

20. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that, A sealing element (13) is arranged between the housing (2) and the valve element (4), and the sealing element (13) is supported against the valve element (4) around the entire circumference.

21. The apparatus (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that, The sealing element (13) is arranged in the axial direction between the second fluid connection (2b) and the third fluid connection (2c), thereby sealing the fluid connections (2b, 2c) relative to each other.

22. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, The device (1) is configured such that bidirectional flow can pass through it.

23. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The valve element (4) is connected to the drive element (5) arranged outside the housing (2) via the actuating element (6).

24. The apparatus (1) according to claim 23, characterized in that, The actuating element (6) is formed as a drive shaft oriented along the axial direction.

25. The apparatus (1) according to claim 24, characterized in that, The actuating element (6) is arranged to be securely connected to the driving element (5) at a first end and to protrude into the housing (2) and connect to the valve element (4) at a second end formed at the distal end of the first end.

26. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that, The driving element (5) is formed as a servo motor.

27. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that, The actuating element (6), the transmission arrangement structure (7), and the anti-slip element (10) are configured to transmit the rotational motion (6a) of the drive element (5) about the longitudinal axis as a linear motion (8) of the valve element (4) relative to the housing (2) in the direction of the longitudinal axis.

28. The apparatus (1) according to claim 27, characterized in that, The transmission arrangement structure (7) is formed as a threaded pair between the actuating element (6) and the valve element (4), wherein the actuating element (6) is arranged to be inserted into the opening (4-1) of the valve element (4).

29. Use of an apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 28, the apparatus (1) being used to regulate flow and distribute fluid in the refrigerant circuit of a thermal system, particularly a thermal management system, of a motor vehicle.

Images