Method for high-yield cultivation of cattle-heart cabbages under mountain tea garden conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbages by using mountain tea garden conditions, relates to the technical field of cabbage planting, and aims to solve the problems of low resource utilization rate of northern-Sichuan mountain special tea gardens, poor cultivation suitability of spring-stubble oxheart cabbages and insufficient comprehensive benefits in the prior art. By combining the growth characteristics that the white-leaf No.1 tea tree variety and the middle-yellow No.1 tea tree variety grow slowly and grow weakly (plants are relatively short) in the North Sichuan tea area relative to general green tea and the actual construction of the white-leaf No.1 tea garden and the middle-yellow No.1 tea garden, the high-yield cultivation system of the oxheart cabbage adaptive to the white-leaf No.1 tea garden and the middle-yellow No.1 tea garden is constructed, and multiple beneficial effects are achieved. According to the method, the growth rhythm of'spring harvesting and summer cultivation 'of tea trees is accurately matched, relay intercropping is conducted after spring tea is harvested and pruned, the influence on spring tea core output is completely avoided, and the tea garden land and the light energy utilization rate are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cabbage cultivation technology, specifically to a method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Chinese cabbage is a core vegetable category for ensuring supply during the spring and summer seasons in my country. The spring crop, harvested between May Day and the Dragon Boat Festival, coincides with the off-season, resulting in significant profits for growers. However, the mountainous terrain of northern Sichuan is predominantly mountainous, with scarce contiguous high-quality arable land. Conventional open-field monoculture of Chinese cabbage leads to low land and light resource utilization rates. Furthermore, it generally suffers from insufficient seedling resilience, high weed control costs, poor alignment between harvest time and peak market prices, and difficulty in balancing yield and product quality, thus limiting the industry's large-scale development.

[0003] The mountainous area of ​​northern Sichuan is the core planting area for tea trees with special leaf color mutations, such as Baiye No. 1 and Zhonghuang No. 1. These tea trees rely on spring tea for economic output. After the spring tea is harvested and pruned, there is a large amount of idle land and abundant light and heat resources between the rows for more than 70% of the year, resulting in extremely low overall yield of tea gardens. At the same time, as temperatures rise after spring, weeds grow rapidly between the rows, which not only inhibits the growth of tea trees, but also requires high costs for prevention and control, and poses risks of ecological damage and excessive pesticide residues.

[0004] Existing intercropping techniques in tea gardens still have many technical gaps and shortcomings, failing to meet the cultivation needs of characteristic tea gardens in the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan and spring-planted oxheart cabbage: First, the intercropping model is poorly adapted to the growth rhythm of the characteristic tea trees, often conflicting with the spring tea harvesting period. There is no spring-specific intercropping plan matching its "spring harvesting and summer nurturing" characteristics, nor is the intercropping space and tillage depth scientifically defined based on the root distribution characteristics of tea trees and oxheart cabbage, easily damaging the tea tree roots and failing to achieve ecological suppression of weeds and mutual promotion of tea and vegetable growth; Second, the cultivation model lacks differentiated scientific design, failing to develop adaptation plans based on the age of tea trees and topography, and planting... The problems stem from several issues: First, unreasonable density design leads to either insufficient space utilization and low total yield, or shading between plants and poor head formation and marketability. Second, the lack of precise phenological management in the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan makes it impossible to consistently achieve high-price harvesting periods. Third, seedling technology has not yet realized the resource utilization of agricultural waste in mountainous areas. Conventional seedling cultivation relies on non-renewable peat substrate, which is costly and has limited effect on improving seedling resistance. Meanwhile, a large amount of oak and linden wood residue from the fungus is discarded and burned indiscriminately in northern Sichuan, wasting resources and polluting the environment. Existing technology has not yet applied this resource utilization to the cultivation of oxheart cabbage seedlings, making it impossible to achieve cost reduction, quality improvement, and green circular development.

[0005] In summary, there is currently no systematic high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology system for the Baiye No. 1 and Zhonghuang No. 1 tea gardens in the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan. It is difficult to simultaneously solve the core pain points such as low utilization rate of tea garden resources, high cost of weed control, mutual promotion of tea and vegetable growth, precise harvesting during high-price periods, and recycling of agricultural waste, which restricts the improvement of the overall benefits of mountain tea gardens and the increase of farmers' income. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A method for high-yield cultivation of Brussels sprouts using mountain tea garden conditions is provided, comprising the following steps: S1: When the tea tree leaves sprout fresh buds in spring, prepare a cauliflower seedling substrate, sterilize it, and fill it into the seedling tray, maintaining the substrate moisture at 80-90%; S2: Between the solar terms Rain Water and Awakening of Insects, sow early-maturing Brussels sprouts into seedling trays filled with substrate, cultivate seedlings that are 10-15cm tall, and harden off the seedlings for 3-5 days. S3: Turn over the planting strip between the tea tree rows, fertilize the planting strip, cover it with mulch, and dig planting holes; S4: After hardening off, transplant the seedlings with soil to the planting holes, compact the soil and water them. Harvest the cabbage after it has matured.

[0008] Furthermore, the seedling substrate for oxheart cabbage is prepared by mixing peat moss, vermiculite, and linden wood chips in a mass ratio of 6:2:3.

[0009] Furthermore, the linden wood chips are obtained by crushing linden wood from oak trees after black fungus cultivation.

[0010] After being decomposed by black fungus mycelium, the lignocellulose in oak wood is effectively degraded and transformed into organic matter and nutrients that are more easily utilized by plants. The oak wood residue contains a large amount of incompletely utilized mycelial protein, polysaccharides, and lignocellulose decomposition products. After slow decomposition by microorganisms, it can continuously provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various trace elements to cabbage, promoting stronger cabbage seedlings and improving the stress resistance and cold resistance of crisp and sweet cabbage plants. At the same time, as oak wood is a major raw material for black fungus cultivation in mountainous areas, using its waste residue for cabbage seedling cultivation not only provides an excellent organic substrate for the growth of crisp and sweet cabbage and supplements various nutrients, but also reduces costs and improves the soil.

[0011] Furthermore, the row spacing of tea trees is 1.5~2.0m.

[0012] Furthermore, the width of the planting strip is 0.4~1.2m.

[0013] Furthermore, the plant spacing for oxheart cabbage is 30cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the cabbage is planted in 1 to 3 rows in the planting strip. When planting row 2, the distance between the two rows is 50 cm, and when planting row 3, the distance between the two rows is 40 cm.

[0015] By rationally setting small row spacing to determine the width of the planting strip and the reasonable distance between tea trees and the planting strip, the space of the tea garden is scientifically utilized, and the density of the oxheart cabbage plants is rationally designed to effectively increase the amount of light received by each heading plant, ensure the yield of each plant, increase the total yield of oxheart cabbage, exchange space for yield, promote harvesting from May Day to around the Dragon Boat Festival, ensure good prices, and increase income.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, during the turning process, the turning depth is 10~20cm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S2, during seedling cultivation, the substrate humidity is maintained at 80-90%, the air humidity at 70-80%, and the air temperature at 15℃-25℃.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, the seedling hardening process specifically involves placing the seedlings at an altitude of 400-600 meters, ensuring daily exposure to diffused light, and maintaining a substrate moisture content of 70-90% and an air humidity of 70-80%.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as low utilization of resources in characteristic tea gardens in the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan, poor adaptability of spring-planted oxheart cabbage cultivation, and insufficient overall benefits. Combining the growth characteristics of Baiye No. 1 and Zhonghuang No. 1 tea varieties in the northern Sichuan tea-growing region—slower growth and weaker growth vigor (relatively shorter plants) compared to general green tea—and the practicalities of Baiye No. 1 and Zhonghuang No. 1 tea garden construction, this invention constructs a high-yield cultivation system for oxheart cabbage adapted to Baiye No. 1 and Zhonghuang No. 1 tea gardens, achieving multiple beneficial effects. This invention precisely matches the "spring harvest, summer nurture" growth rhythm of tea trees, intercropping after spring tea harvesting and pruning completely avoids impacting the core output of spring tea, significantly improving the utilization rate of land and light energy in tea gardens. By scientifically setting planting space boundaries and shallow tillage depth, damage to the tea tree root system is avoided, while simultaneously achieving ecological suppression of weeds between tea rows, reducing management costs, and realizing a symbiotic and mutually beneficial relationship between tea and vegetables. This invention utilizes differentiated strip cultivation models adapted to varying tree ages and terrains to ensure adequate light exposure and head formation rate for individual cabbage plants, significantly increasing yield per unit area. Combined with precise phenological management, it ensures a stable market presence during the peak price window from May Day to the Dragon Boat Festival, substantially improving overall planting profitability. Furthermore, this invention innovatively uses oak linden wood residue from mushroom cultivation to prepare seedling substrate, achieving resource utilization of agricultural waste. This reduces seedling costs, enhances seedling resilience and cabbage quality, and the soil-in-planting method can also improve tea garden soil, resulting in significant economic, ecological, and social benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0021] Example This embodiment uses the early-maturing oxheart cabbage variety "Niuniu" and is implemented in a tea garden at an altitude of 400-800m in northern Sichuan. The tea garden also grows tea trees with leaf color mutations such as Baiye No. 1 and Zhonghuang No. 1. The tea tree rows are 1.5-2.0m wide and the plant spacing is 30cm.

[0022] A method for high-yield cultivation of Brussels sprouts using mountain tea garden conditions includes the following steps: S1: When the fresh leaves of tea trees sprout in spring, prepare the seedling substrate for oxheart cabbage, sterilize it, and fill it into the seedling trays, keeping the substrate moisture at 80-90%. The seedling substrate for oxheart cabbage is made by mixing peat moss, vermiculite and linden wood chips in a mass ratio of 6:2:3. The linden wood chips are made by crushing oak linden wood after black fungus cultivation.

[0023] S2: Between the solar terms Rain Water and Awakening of Insects, i.e., from mid-February to early March, sow early-maturing Brussels sprouts into seedling trays filled with substrate. Maintain substrate humidity of 80-90%, air humidity of 70-80%, and air temperature of 15℃-25℃. Cultivate seedlings that are 10-15cm tall. Place the seedlings at an altitude of 400-600 meters for hardening off for 3-5 days, ensuring daily exposure to diffused light and maintaining substrate humidity of 70-90% and air humidity of 70-80%. After the hardening-off period, the tea garden has just finished picking spring tea and pruning the tea trees. At this time, the distance between the rows of tea trees is relatively large and there are many gaps. S3: Turn over the planting strip between the tea tree rows, turning it 10-20cm deep. Apply 1 ton of organic fertilizer per acre to the planting strip on the main rows and mix it evenly until the planting rows are filled. Then cover with mulch and dig planting holes. The width of the planting strip is 0.4-1.2m. When digging the planting holes, the spacing between the cabbages should be 30cm. Plant 1-3 rows of cabbages in the planting strip. When planting row 1, the width of the planting strip is 1.2m. When planting row 2, the width of the planting strip is 0.8m and the spacing between the two rows is 50cm. When planting row 3, the width of the planting strip is 0.4m and the spacing between the two rows is 40cm.

[0024] S4: Transplant the hardened seedlings with soil to planting holes one week before the vernal equinox, compact the soil, and water. Strengthen pest and disease management during the cultivation process. Early spring sees fewer diseases; prevention and control of cabbage caterpillars are key, using manual removal or free-range chickens for control. Pay close attention to potential low temperatures in valleys and higher altitude areas; strengthen water and fertilizer management before the onset of cold weather to maintain moisture and warmth. Harvest after the cabbage has matured.

[0025] To verify the effectiveness of this invention, conventional spring ridging methods were used to plant Brussels sprouts. The sowing density and post-transplanting management were the same. The yield per acre was compared between the two methods. The results showed that the method of this invention yielded 3656 kg / acre, while the conventional spring ridging method yielded 3122 kg / acre. Therefore, this invention effectively increases the yield of Brussels sprouts, and the harvest time is one week before or after the start of summer (around the time of Grain Buds), allowing for sale during the peak market season.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: When the tea tree leaves sprout fresh buds in spring, prepare a cauliflower seedling substrate, sterilize it, and fill it into the seedling tray, maintaining the substrate moisture at 80-90%; S2: Between the solar terms Rain Water and Awakening of Insects, sow early-maturing Brussels sprouts into seedling trays filled with substrate, cultivate seedlings that are 10-15cm tall, and harden off the seedlings for 3-5 days. S3: Turn over the planting strip between the tea tree rows, fertilize the planting strip, cover it with mulch, and dig planting holes; S4: After hardening off, transplant the seedlings with soil to the planting holes, compact the soil and water them. Harvest the cabbage after it has matured.

2. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling substrate for oxheart cabbage is prepared by mixing peat moss, vermiculite, and linden wood chips in a mass ratio of 6:2:

3.

3. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linden wood residue is obtained by crushing oak linden wood after black fungus cultivation.

4. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The row spacing of the tea trees is 1.5~2.0m.

5. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the planting strip is 0.4~1.2m.

6. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the cabbages was 30cm.

7. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Plant 1 to 3 rows of cabbage in the planting strip. When planting row 2, the distance between the two rows is 50cm. When planting row 3, the distance between the two rows is 40cm.

8. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3, during the turning process, the turning depth is 10~20cm.

9. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, during seedling cultivation, maintain substrate humidity at 80-90%, air humidity at 70-80%, and air temperature at 15-25℃.

10. The method for high-yield cultivation of oxheart cabbage using mountain tea garden conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the seedling hardening process specifically involves placing the seedlings at an altitude of 400-600 meters, ensuring daily exposure to diffused light, and maintaining a substrate moisture content of 70-90% and an air humidity of 70-80%.