Method for industrially cultivating gastrodia elata by using sawdust as substrate

Abstract

The invention provides a method for industrially cultivating gastrodia elata by using sawdust as a substrate. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing materials; (2) sowing: sowing indoors, sleeving a plastic bag in a plastic basket, paving a layer of weed tree sawdust at the bottom of the plastic bag, cutting weed tree branches into branch sections, paving the branch sections in the plastic basket, and filling gaps of the branch sections with weed tree sawdust; cutting the armillaria mellea bag into small sections, planting the small sections on the branch sections, and filling weed tree sawdust in gaps of the armillaria mellea bag; planting the gastrodia elata seedlings on the armillaria mellea bags, covering a layer of weed tree sawdust on the gastrodia elata seedlings, watering sufficiently, and covering a shading film on the surface of the gastrodia elata seedlings; after the treatment, a plurality of plastic baskets are stacked and placed in rows in multiple layers; and (3) performing temperature control and humidity control management in the greenhouse, and harvesting the gastrodia elata in 105-130 days. The wood chip culture medium has the technical effects that the wood chip culture medium is low in raw material cost, easy to store, convenient to use and good in effect, the gastrodia elata production cost is reduced, and gastrodia elata planting factorization is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Gastrodia elata cultivation, and in particular to a method for industrialized cultivation of Gastrodia elata using sawdust as a substrate. Background Technology

[0002] China is a major producer of Gastrodia elata. Based on the growing environment, Gastrodia elata can be cultivated or wild. Its growth habits include: it thrives in loose, moist sandy loam soil, with an optimal growth temperature of 15-28 degrees Celsius. Growth ceases when the local temperature is below 8 degrees Celsius or above 30 degrees Celsius. Gastrodia elata relies on Armillaria mellea for nutrients to grow and develop.

[0003] The traditional cultivation method for Gastrodia elata is as follows: The specific steps for soilless, three-dimensional cultivation of Gastrodia elata are as follows: (1) Preparation of materials: Broad-leaved tree leaves or crushed agricultural waste are used as materials for cultivating Armillaria mellea; prepare broad-leaved tree segments, gravel, baskets, and plastic film. The length of the broad-leaved tree segments is determined according to the size of the plastic baskets, and the gravel is 10-20 mesh. (2). The amount in each plastic basket: 27-29 kg of gravel, 5-6 kg of broad-leaved tree segments, 1.5-2 kg of broad-leaved tree leaves or crushed agricultural by-products, 1-1.2 kg of Armillaria mellea, 0.5-0.7 kg of germination fungus, and 0.2-0.3 kg of Gastrodia elata seeds; (3). Planting: (3.1). Before planting, mix the seeds of Gastrodia elata, gravel, leaves of broad-leaved trees or crushed agricultural waste with 10-50 times diluted New High-Lipid Film to prevent disease invasion. (3.2) Line a plastic basket with a layer of plastic film, then a layer of gravel, and then a layer of broadleaf tree leaves or crushed crop scraps. Place the prepared broadleaf tree segments evenly on top, with a spacing of 1-3 cm between the segments, and 3-4 segments per layer. Place the Armillaria mellea close to both sides of the broadleaf tree segments, and then place the Gastrodia elata seeds between the segments to quickly establish a symbiotic relationship. After that, sprinkle a layer of germination fungus, then a layer of broadleaf tree leaves, broadleaf tree leaves, or crushed crop scraps. Then, add another layer of gravel. Repeat this process, and 2-3 layers can be planted in one plastic basket. The plastic film inside the basket should be folded up on all four sides and wrapped around the top of the basket, leaving only a few gaps for ventilation. (3.3) Three-dimensional placement: Stack the planted plastic baskets in multiple layers; they can be placed both outdoors and indoors; (4) Post-planting management: Keep the moisture content in the plastic basket at 40-50% and the temperature at 15-28°; in the hot summer season, use shade nets or tree branches to shade and cool down or place it indoors; (5) Pest control: The plastic film inside the plastic basket is turned up on all four sides and wrapped around the top of the basket, with only a few gaps exposed. There is no need to drain water or spray pesticides to control pests.

[0004] Current methods for cultivating Gastrodia elata rely on selecting moist, well-aerated, and well-drained loam or sandy loam rich in humus, which not only consumes land resources but also makes post-planting management quite troublesome.

[0005] The concept of industrialized production of Gastrodia elata using substitute materials: Industrialized production of Gastrodia elata using substitute materials is a technology that uses modern equipment and intelligent management to cultivate Gastrodia elata year-round in a greenhouse, based on the technology of cultivating Gastrodia elata using substitute materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention proposes a method for industrialized cultivation of Gastrodia elata using sawdust as a substrate, which does not occupy land resources and is easy to manage after cultivation.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is: a method for industrialized cultivation of Gastrodia elata using sawdust as a substrate, comprising the following steps: (1) Material preparation: Gastrodia elata is cultivated in plastic baskets. The plastic baskets are closed on all four sides and have drainage holes on the bottom. Prepare hardwood sawdust, Armillaria mellea bags, and hardwood branches. The amount used in each plastic basket is: 18-20 kg of hardwood sawdust, 12-15 kg of Armillaria mellea bags, 18-20 kg of hardwood branches, and 0.3-0.5 kg of Gastrodia elata seeds. (2) Sowing method: Sow indoors, put plastic bags inside plastic baskets, the bottom of the plastic bags has multiple drainage holes, and lay a 3-5cm thick layer of miscellaneous wood chips at the bottom of the plastic bags. Cut miscellaneous wood branches into branches and place the branches in the plastic baskets until the baskets are full. Fill the gaps between the branches with miscellaneous wood chips. Cut the Armillaria mellea bags into small sections and plant them on the branches. Fill the gaps between the Armillaria mellea bags with miscellaneous wood chips. Then plant the Gastrodia elata seedlings on the Armillaria mellea bags, and then cover them with another layer of wood chips. After watering them thoroughly, cover the surface with a light-blocking film. After this treatment, stack multiple plastic baskets in multiple layers and place them in rows, leaving a walkway between the two rows. (3) Management methods during the growth period: After sowing, manage the growth period of Gastrodia elata for 105-130 days; specifically: Water management: After sowing, keep the moisture content of the sawdust between 50-85% for 80-90 days. After 90 days, stop adding water until the gastrodia elata matures. Indoor ventilation management: Do not ventilate for the first 10 days after sowing, and ventilate 2-3 times a day thereafter; Temperature management: During the growing season, maintain an indoor temperature of 18-25℃.

[0008] Furthermore, in the sowing method of step (2), the branches of miscellaneous trees are cut into 18-20cm long sections, and the Armillaria mellea is cut into 8-10cm long sections; this specification setting is conducive to tidying up the branches and to sowing Gastrodia elata.

[0009] Furthermore, in the growth period management method in step (3), the indoor temperature is maintained at 23-25℃ for the first 90 days of the growth period; after 90 days, the indoor temperature is maintained at 18-20℃; the low temperature control during the maturity period is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in Gastrodia elata.

[0010] The technical effects of this invention are: 1) The successfully tested sawdust culture medium is loose and breathable, has good water retention, promotes rapid and vigorous growth of Armillaria mellea, allows for early and rapid inoculation of Gastrodia elata seedlings with a 100% inoculation rate, and results in high yield of Gastrodia elata; 2) The substrate has high purity, promotes robust and vigorous growth of Gastrodia elata, prevents pests and diseases, and results in high-quality Gastrodia elata; 3) The raw materials are inexpensive, easy to store, convenient to use, and effective, reducing the production cost of Gastrodia elata and realizing the industrialization of Gastrodia elata cultivation. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The present invention will be further described below through embodiments.

[0012] Example 1: A method for industrialized cultivation of Gastrodia elata using sawdust as a substrate, comprising the following steps: (1) Material preparation: Gastrodia elata is cultivated in plastic baskets. The specifications of the plastic baskets are 635cm*440cm*400cm. The four sides of the plastic baskets are closed and the bottom of the plastic baskets has drainage holes. Prepare hardwood sawdust, Armillaria mellea bags, and hardwood branches. The amount used in each plastic basket is: 18-20kg of hardwood sawdust, 12-15kg of Armillaria mellea bags, 18-20kg of hardwood branches, and 0.3-0.5kg of Gastrodia elata seeds. (2) Sowing method: Sow indoors, put a plastic bag inside a plastic basket, the bottom of the plastic bag has multiple drainage holes, and lay a 3-5cm thick layer of miscellaneous wood chips at the bottom of the plastic bag. Cut miscellaneous wood branches into 18-20cm long segments, lay the segments flat in the plastic basket, fill the plastic basket, and fill the gaps between the segments with miscellaneous wood chips; cut the Armillaria mellea bags into 8-10cm long segments, distribute them on the segments, and fill the gaps between the segments with miscellaneous wood chips; then plant the Gastrodia elata seedlings on the Armillaria mellea bags, and then cover them with another layer of wood chips. After watering, cover the surface with a light-blocking film; after this treatment, stack multiple plastic baskets in multiple layers and place them in rows, leaving a walkway between the two rows; (3) Management methods during the growth period: After sowing, manage the growth period of Gastrodia elata for 105-130 days; specifically: (3.1) Moisture management: After sowing, keep the moisture content of the sawdust in the range of 50-85% for 80-90 days. After 90 days, do not add water until the gastrodia elata matures. Indoor ventilation management: Do not ventilate for the first 10 days after sowing, and ventilate 2-3 times a day thereafter; Temperature management: During the growing season, maintain an indoor temperature of 18-25℃.

[0013] In this invention, the length of the branch segment is not limited to 18-20cm; the length of the branch segment is sufficient to ensure that it can be laid flat in the plastic basket.

[0014] In this invention, the Armillaria mellea package is not limited to a short segment of 8-10cm in length, but can also be of other lengths.

[0015] In this invention, the method of artificial water replenishment is as follows: remove the light-blocking film, spray water directly onto the surface with the moving water pipe nozzle until the surface is saturated with water, and then cover it with the light-blocking film.

[0016] In the above embodiment 1, the inner volume of the plastic basket changes, and the corresponding amount of plastic used in the basket is also adjusted accordingly.

[0017] Three materials were used as substrates in a trial for the industrial production of Gastrodia elata. The results showed: 1) Rice husks: lightweight, breathable, water-absorbing, heat-insulating, and antibacterial; however, they have poor water retention, cannot be sourced locally, and have high transportation costs. 2) Peat moss: possessing antibacterial, breathable, water-absorbing, lightweight, and slightly better water retention properties; however, it is expensive to produce and use. 3) Hardwood sawdust: combining all the advantages of the above materials, it is low-cost, can be sourced locally, and has a wide range of raw material sources. Comparative studies have shown that these materials are suitable as a substrate for the industrial production of Gastrodia elata.

[0018] The above embodiments and specific parameters are only for clearly illustrating the invention verification process and are not intended to limit the patent protection scope of this invention. The patent protection scope of this invention shall still be determined by its claims. Similarly, any equivalent structural changes made based on the content of this specification shall also be included within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for the industrialized cultivation of Gastrodia elata using sawdust as a substrate, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Material preparation: Gastrodia elata is cultivated in plastic baskets. The plastic baskets are closed on all four sides and have drainage holes on the bottom. Prepare hardwood sawdust, Armillaria mellea bags, and hardwood branches. The amount used in each plastic basket is: 18-20 kg of hardwood sawdust, 12-15 kg of Armillaria mellea bags, 18-20 kg of hardwood branches, and 0.3-0.5 kg of Gastrodia elata seeds. (2) Sowing method: Sow indoors, put a plastic bag inside a plastic basket, the bottom of the plastic bag is provided with multiple drainage holes, and lay a 3-5cm thick layer of miscellaneous wood chips at the bottom of the plastic bag. Cut the miscellaneous wood branches into branches, lay the branches flat in the plastic basket, fill the plastic basket, and fill the gaps between the branches with miscellaneous wood chips. Cut the Armillaria mellea bags into small sections and plant them on the tree branch sections. Fill the gaps in the Armillaria mellea bags with miscellaneous sawdust. Then plant the Gastrodia elata seedlings on the Armillaria mellea bags, cover them with another layer of miscellaneous sawdust, water them thoroughly, and then cover the surface with a light-blocking film. After this treatment, stack multiple plastic baskets in multiple layers and place them in rows, leaving a walkway between the two rows. (3) Management methods during the growth period: After sowing, manage the growth period of Gastrodia elata for 105-130 days; specifically: (3.1) Moisture management: After sowing, keep the moisture content of the sawdust in the range of 50-85% for 80-90 days. After 90 days, do not add water until the gastrodia elata matures. Indoor ventilation management: Do not ventilate for the first 10 days after sowing, and ventilate 2-3 times a day thereafter; Temperature management: During the growing season, maintain an indoor temperature of 18-25℃.

2. The method for industrialized cultivation of Gastrodia elata using sawdust as a substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2) of the sowing method, the branches of the miscellaneous trees are cut into 18-20cm long sections, and the Armillaria mellea package is cut into 8-10cm long sections.

3. A method for the industrialized cultivation of Gastrodia elata using sawdust as a substrate, as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... In step (3) of the growth period management method, the indoor temperature is maintained at 23-25℃ for the first 90 days of the growth period; after 90 days, the indoor temperature is maintained at 18-20℃.