Integrally-formed long-distance cold plasma conveying catheter device based on bronchoscope

Abstract

An integrally-formed long-distance cold plasma conveying catheter device based on a bronchoscope comprises a suspension electrode, a dielectric tube, a ring electrode and a support. The invention provides an integrally-formed cold plasma catheter device used based on a bronchoscope. The catheter adopts an integrally formed long-distance plasma conveying structure based on a suspension electrode, has the characteristics of single interface, no additional electrode connection, excellent bending resistance, reliable insulation and the like, and can smoothly enter a deep airway under the navigation of a bronchoscope. Working gas is ionized in an inner cavity of the guide pipe, the device can generate and stably convey cold plasma active species, long-distance and directional delivery is achieved through flow field guiding, and central and deep branch focuses are effectively covered. The design breaks through the bottleneck that an existing device is short in jet flow propagation distance and prone to instability in a bent channel, and a new technical approach is provided for minimally invasive precise treatment of the lung cancer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tumor treatment technology, specifically to a one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope. Background Technology

[0002] Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity among malignant tumors worldwide. Central squamous cell carcinoma of the lung often occurs near the hilum and main trachea, with large lesions that easily obstruct the airway, leading to respiratory distress and even massive hemoptysis. Hundreds of thousands of people die from central lung cancer each year. Due to the proximity of large blood vessels and mediastinal tissues to the central airway, traditional surgical resection, radiotherapy, and thermal ablation methods have significant limitations: surgery has limited applicability, radiotherapy has long-term side effects, and thermal ablation is difficult to achieve effective ablation in the central lung region due to heat dissipation from large blood vessels and the central heat sink effect, and may also cause airway damage and serious complications. Therefore, a safe and precise new treatment method is urgently needed. In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has attracted widespread attention in the field of tumor treatment due to its low-temperature characteristics and highly reactive chemical effects. The reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species contained in the plasma (such as singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, ozone, etc.) can induce tumor cell apoptosis through oxidative stress and have the potential to selectively kill tumor cells. Compared to thermal ablation, cold plasma does not damage surrounding blood vessels and airway structures, making it more suitable for treating central lung cancer and other diseases located near important anatomical areas.

[0003] However, existing cold plasma devices are mostly used on the skin or superficial tissues. The jet of direct-exposure discharge has a limited propagation distance in the air, and active species are prone to attenuation, making it difficult to penetrate deep into the bronchial tree to cover lesions. The bronchial structure of the lungs is complex, with 23 levels of bifurcation, making it difficult to achieve precise treatment of deep and multi-branched lesions with existing devices alone. To realize the unique advantages of plasma therapy in lung cancer, the key issue of stable long-distance delivery of plasma in narrow, moist, and tortuous bronchi must be solved.

[0004] The existing technology has the following drawbacks:

[0005] 1. Insufficient remote discharge capability

[0006] Traditional needle-shaped or ring-shaped electrode jet devices and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) structures typically have a discharge location limited to the nozzle end, resulting in a limited jet length and an inability to achieve stable distal discharge over long distances or in curved channels. This restricts the application of plasma in deep cavities or distal target tissues, such as the lungs and digestive tract.

[0007] 2. Long-distance potential transfer poses safety hazards.

[0008] Existing long-distance conductor extension structures often use bare conductors or simple insulation layers for protection. The conductors are directly coupled to the discharge area, which can easily lead to leakage, dielectric breakdown, or electric shock risks under high voltage conditions, posing potential harm to operators and biological tissues. Furthermore, the conductors lack stable support, making them prone to shifting or deformation during long-distance transmission, resulting in unstable discharge.

[0009] 3. The effect of wet-phase active product enhancement and ozone control is limited.

[0010] Existing technologies typically enhance the generation of active substances or reduce ozone concentration through downstream atomization, liquid electrodes, or gas humidity regulation. However, these measures are mostly modular designs with complex structures, large space requirements, and are not suitable for application in human cavities or narrow environments. They are also difficult to integrate with distal flexible jet tubes, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve the goals of distal discharge, active product enhancement, and biosafety. Furthermore, the wet phase enhancement effect is sensitive to flow rate, humidity, and pulse parameters, has high operating requirements, and lacks versatility.

[0011] 4. Insufficient equipment flexibility and biocompatibility

[0012] Most existing jet tubes use rigid media or bare metal wire structures, lacking flexible arrangement capabilities, which is not conducive to deep penetration into curved or narrow biological cavities; at the same time, they lack comprehensive consideration of wire insulation and biological tissue compatibility, which limits their clinical or biological cavity applications.

[0013] 5. The overall system is complex and has poor operability.

[0014] Existing technologies require the addition of external atomizers, catalytic beds, liquid electrodes, and other modules to reduce ozone or enhance active products, making the system complex, costly, and difficult to guarantee stability and reliability under long-distance flexible delivery conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0015] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, comprising: a suspending electrode, a dielectric tube, a ring electrode, and a support.

[0016] The suspended electrode is fixed inside the dielectric tube by a bracket.

[0017] The length of the suspended electrode is equal to the length of the dielectric tube.

[0018] One end of the medium tube is connected to an external gas generating device as the gas input end, and the other end is the output end.

[0019] The ring electrode is tightly attached to the outer wall of the gas inlet end of the medium tube.

[0020] The ring electrode is electrically connected to an external pulse power supply.

[0021] When using the device for cold plasma transport, the output end of the dielectric tube is placed in front of the object to be sprayed. The external gas generating device inputs the working gas, and the external pulse power supply applies a pulse signal to the ring electrode, thereby generating electromagnetic induction coupling between the ring electrode and the levitation electrode. The levitation electrode generates an induced potential at the output end. The working gas undergoes primary ionization in the dielectric tube and secondary ionization as it flows through the output end, generating a non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet that acts on the object to be sprayed.

[0022] Furthermore, the materials used in the dielectric tube include polytetrafluoroethylene, quartz glass, polyetheretherketone, and polycarbonate.

[0023] Furthermore, the materials used in the support include polytetrafluoroethylene, quartz glass, polyetheretherketone, and polycarbonate.

[0024] Furthermore, the material used for the levitation electrode includes copper.

[0025] Furthermore, the ring electrode includes a copper foil winding structure and a film-coated electrode structure.

[0026] Furthermore, the pulse signal includes a square wave pulse.

[0027] The peak voltage range of the square wave pulse is 5 kV–10 kV.

[0028] Furthermore, the external pulse power supply is electrically connected to the ring electrode via a shielded cable.

[0029] The external pulse power supply adopts a current limiting and overvoltage protection design, with a leakage current of less than 10 µA and a discharge temperature of less than 40 ℃.

[0030] Furthermore, the connection between the external pulse power supply and the ring electrode is provided with several metal mesh shielding layers and polytetrafluoroethylene insulating sleeves to suppress electromagnetic interference.

[0031] The metal mesh shielding layer is made of copper.

[0032] Furthermore, the working gas includes at least one of helium, argon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

[0033] Furthermore, the components of the non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet include .

[0034] The technical advantages of this invention are undeniable. This invention proposes an integrated, molded cold plasma catheter device for use with a bronchoscope. This catheter employs an integrated, long-distance plasma delivery structure based on a suspended electrode, featuring a single interface, no additional electrode connections, no need for an original discharge chamber, an integrated dielectric tube requiring no additional connections, excellent bending resistance, and reliable insulation. It can smoothly enter deep airways under bronchoscope guidance. By ionizing the working gas within the catheter lumen, the device can generate and stably deliver cold plasma active species, achieving long-distance, directional delivery guided by a flow field, effectively covering central and deep branch lesions. This design overcomes the bottlenecks of existing devices, such as short jet propagation distance and instability in curved channels, providing a new technical approach for minimally invasive and precise treatment of lung cancer.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention include:

[0036] 1. Achieve stable discharge over long distances

[0037] This invention, by setting a suspended needle electrode inside the dielectric tube and configuring an annular high-voltage electrode on the outer wall, allows the discharge electric field to be conducted step by step along the tube axis, maintaining a stable and visible discharge plume even after a delivery distance of more than two meters. Compared with traditional needle-shaped plasma jets, this structure breaks through the bottleneck of limited discharge distance and realizes integrated output of "near-end excitation - far-end discharge".

[0038] 2. Possesses excellent insulation and bending resistance properties.

[0039] The main body of the device is integrally molded from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a material with high dielectric strength and good chemical inertness. This effectively prevents arc breakdown and allows for flexible operation in narrow passages such as those used in bronchoscopes. Even in 90° bends or complex bifurcation environments, the discharge remains uniform and stable, significantly improving the safety and adaptability of clinical operations.

[0040] 3. Simplify clinical and engineering procedures

[0041] This invention achieves autonomous discharge in the target area without requiring a remote grounding electrode or relying on external conductive contact, thus avoiding the complex wiring and positioning process of traditional multi-electrode systems. The device is lightweight and can be inserted into the bronchoscope channel in a single operation, reducing medical procedures and lowering the risk of contamination.

[0042] 4. Improve the delivery efficiency of active products

[0043] Using high-purity helium as the carrier gas and utilizing a PTFE inert tube wall structure effectively reduces the adsorption and attenuation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) during transport, ensuring that a high concentration of RONS remains in the distal gas plume. , , NO and Active components, combined with secondary discharge at the outlet, can significantly enhance the generation and delivery efficiency of active substances in the target area.

[0044] 5. It combines security with the potential for application in multiple scenarios.

[0045] The power supply of this invention employs current limiting and overvoltage protection design, with leakage current below 10 µA and discharge temperature below 40°C, ensuring safety and no damage to biological tissues. This structure is not only suitable for clinical non-thermal plasma therapy such as bronchoscopy, but can also be extended to applications in multiple fields such as catheter inner wall modification, microchannel disinfection, and surface functionalization, demonstrating good versatility and promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrally molded long-distance plasma transport device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a discharge diagram of the integrally molded long-distance plasma transport device of the present invention; Figure 2 (a) is a photograph of the actual discharge of the cold plasma conduit device; Figure 2 (b) is an enlarged view of the tip discharge of the cold plasma conduit device;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical parameter diagnosis results of the discharge device in this invention; Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the discharge voltage and current of this device; Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the floating voltage diagnosis results of this device;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spectral analysis of the active substances generated by the discharge device in this invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of active materials generated by the discharge device in this invention; Figure 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of O; Figure 5 (b) is Spatial distribution diagram; Figure 5 (c) is Spatial distribution diagram; Figure 5 (d) is Spatial distribution diagram; Figure 5 (e) is Spatial distribution diagram;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the device proposed in this invention, which is used to penetrate a human bronchial model with a bronchoscope and generate an electric discharge.

[0052] In the diagram: 1. Floating electrode; 2. Dielectric tube; 3. Ring electrode; 4. Support. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Various substitutions and modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] See Figures 1 to 6 A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery conduit device based on a bronchoscope includes: a suspending electrode 1, a dielectric tube 2, a ring electrode 3, and a support 4.

[0056] The suspended electrode 1 is fixed inside the dielectric tube 2 by the bracket 4.

[0057] The length of the suspended electrode 1 is equal to the length of the dielectric tube 2.

[0058] One end of the medium tube 2 is connected to an external gas generating device as a gas input end, and the other end is an output end.

[0059] The ring electrode 3 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the gas inlet end of the medium tube 2.

[0060] The ring electrode 3 is electrically connected to an external pulse power supply.

[0061] When using the device for cold plasma transport, the output end of the dielectric tube 2 is placed in front of the object to be sprayed. The external gas generating device inputs working gas, and the external pulse power supply applies a pulse signal to the ring electrode 3, thereby generating electromagnetic induction coupling with the levitation electrode 1. The levitation electrode 1 generates an induced potential at the output end. The working gas undergoes primary ionization in the dielectric tube 2 and secondary ionization as it flows through the output end, generating a non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet that acts on the object to be sprayed.

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope is described in Example 1. Further, the materials used for the medium tube 2 include polytetrafluoroethylene, quartz glass, polyetheretherketone, and polycarbonate.

[0064] Example 3:

[0065] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Examples 1 to 2, further wherein the materials used for the support 4 include polytetrafluoroethylene, quartz glass, polyetheretherketone, and polycarbonate.

[0066] Example 4:

[0067] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, and further, the material used for the suspending electrode 1 includes copper.

[0068] Example 5:

[0069] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, further wherein the ring electrode 3 includes a copper foil winding structure and a coated electrode structure.

[0070] Example 6:

[0071] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, further wherein the pulse signal includes a square wave pulse.

[0072] The peak voltage range of the square wave pulse is 5 kV–10 kV.

[0073] Example 7:

[0074] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, further wherein the external pulse power supply and the ring electrode 3 are electrically connected through a shielded cable.

[0075] The external pulse power supply adopts a current limiting and overvoltage protection design, with a leakage current of less than 10 µA and a discharge temperature of less than 40 ℃.

[0076] Example 8:

[0077] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 7. Furthermore, the connection between the external pulse power supply and the ring electrode 3 is provided with several metal mesh shielding layers and polytetrafluoroethylene insulating sheaths to suppress electromagnetic interference.

[0078] The metal mesh shielding layer is made of copper.

[0079] Example 9:

[0080] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery conduit device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, further wherein the working gas includes at least one of helium, argon, nitrogen and oxygen.

[0081] Example 10:

[0082] A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 9, further wherein the components of the non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet include .

[0083] The air contains a small amount of water molecules, and the resulting non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet includes .

[0084] The non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet generated by mixing water vapor into the working gas also includes... .

[0085] Example 11:

[0086] See Figures 1 to 6 A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery conduit device based on a bronchoscope includes: a suspending electrode 1, a dielectric tube 2, a ring electrode 3, and a support 4.

[0087] The suspended electrode 1 is fixed inside the dielectric tube 2 by the bracket 4.

[0088] The length of the suspended electrode 1 is equal to the length of the dielectric tube 2.

[0089] One end of the medium tube 2 is connected to an external gas generating device as a gas input end, and the other end is an output end.

[0090] The ring electrode 3 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the gas inlet end of the medium tube 2.

[0091] The ring electrode 3 is electrically connected to an external pulse power supply.

[0092] When using the device for cold plasma transport, the output end of the dielectric tube 2 is placed in front of the object to be sprayed. The external gas generating device inputs working gas, and the external pulse power supply applies a pulse signal to the ring electrode 3, thereby generating electromagnetic induction coupling with the levitation electrode 1. The levitation electrode 1 generates an induced potential at the output end. The working gas undergoes primary ionization in the dielectric tube 2 and secondary ionization as it flows through the output end, generating a non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet that acts on the object to be sprayed.

[0093] Example 12:

[0094] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope is described in Example 11. Further, the materials used for the medium tube 2 include polytetrafluoroethylene, quartz glass, polyetheretherketone, and polycarbonate.

[0095] Example 13:

[0096] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Examples 11 to 12, further wherein the materials used for the stent 4 include polytetrafluoroethylene, quartz glass, polyetheretherketone, and polycarbonate.

[0097] Example 14:

[0098] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 11 to 13, and further, the material used for the suspending electrode 1 includes copper.

[0099] Example 15:

[0100] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Examples 11 to 14, further wherein the ring electrode 3 includes a copper foil winding structure and a coated electrode structure.

[0101] Example 16:

[0102] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 11 to 15, further wherein the pulse signal includes a square wave pulse.

[0103] The peak voltage range of the square wave pulse is 5 kV–10 kV.

[0104] Example 17:

[0105] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 11 to 16, further wherein the external pulse power supply and the ring electrode 3 are electrically connected through a shielded cable.

[0106] The external pulse power supply adopts a current limiting and overvoltage protection design, with a leakage current of less than 10 µA and a discharge temperature of less than 40 ℃.

[0107] Example 18:

[0108] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of embodiments 11 to 17. Furthermore, the connection between the external pulse power supply and the ring electrode 3 is provided with several metal mesh shielding layers and polytetrafluoroethylene insulating sheaths to suppress electromagnetic interference.

[0109] The metal mesh shielding layer is made of copper.

[0110] Example 19:

[0111] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery conduit device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Examples 11 to 18, further wherein the working gas includes at least one of helium, argon, nitrogen and oxygen.

[0112] Example 20:

[0113] A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Embodiments 11 to 19, further wherein the components of the non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet include .

[0114] Example 21:

[0115] See Figures 1 to 6 A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which include:

[0116] Structural composition:

[0117] 1. Mechanical connection

[0118] The integrated long-distance plasma delivery device described in this invention features a unibody design. Its main body is made of highly insulating polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material through extrusion molding or compression molding, ensuring excellent dielectric strength and chemical stability under high-voltage discharge conditions. The device comprises three parts from the inside out: a needle electrode, a dielectric layer, and an external ring electrode. The ring electrode is tightly fitted to the proximal outer wall of the dielectric tube and uses a copper foil-wound or coated electrode structure, connected to the pulse power supply via a high-voltage port. The needle electrode is precisely positioned within the tube by a six-hole PTFE support, ensuring a centered, uniform, and stable discharge gap, preventing electric field shift due to airflow disturbances. The entire structure can withstand the bending stress during clinical bronchoscope insertion while maintaining excellent mechanical stability and electrical insulation in confined spaces. The front end of the device can interface with a standard medical connector or flow control module to achieve a sealed connection with the carrier gas system. Through this integrated mechanical design, the device maintains flexibility while possessing high pressure resistance (≥15 kV), bending resistance (bending radius ≤50 mm) and leakage resistance, providing a stable foundation for subsequent electronic discharge and gas transport.

[0119] 2. Circuit connection

[0120] This invention includes a high-frequency, high-voltage pulse drive module designed to excite dielectric barrier discharge between the needle and ring electrodes. The pulse power supply outputs a square wave signal with a peak voltage continuously adjustable within the range of 5–10 kV, a rise time of approximately 50 ns, and a repetition frequency of 10 kHz. The power supply employs current-limiting protection and overvoltage suppression circuits to ensure the integrity of the output waveform even under long conductor conditions. The high-voltage output terminal is connected to the ring electrode via a shielded cable, while the needle electrode remains floating, participating in the discharge process through spatial electric field coupling, thereby achieving self-excited secondary discharge at the output end. To suppress electromagnetic interference, the connection between the power supply and the delivery pipe is equipped with multi-layer metal mesh shielding and a PTFE insulating sheath, keeping the leakage current below 100 µA.

[0121] Working principle and working method:

[0122] This invention uses high-purity helium as the working gas, whose low breakdown voltage and high diffusion coefficient ensure the stability of the discharge and the effective transport of active species. The gas is injected into the discharge chamber at a flow rate of 2 L / min via a mass flow controller, forming a non-thermal equilibrium plasma between the needle-ring electrodes. Depending on the application requirements, 0.1% to 2% oxygen or nitrogen can be added to the helium to adjust the type and concentration of reactive oxygen species (RONS) generated during the discharge. The main chemical components within the discharge region include... , NO , These substances can maintain high reactivity under low temperature conditions.

[0123] Example 22:

[0124] See Figures 1 to 6 A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which include:

[0125] Please see the appendix Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the integrally molded long-distance plasma delivery device of the present invention. The main body of the device is integrally molded from PTFE material and adopts a dielectric barrier needle-ring discharge structure. A pulsed high voltage is applied to the ring electrode, and the needle electrode acts as a suspending electrode, extending to the outlet of the tube. A copper wire with a radius of 0.25 mm is wrapped inside a dielectric tube with an inner diameter of 2 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. An insulating sleeve serves as a carrier gas channel connecting the working gas, and the copper wire is fixed to the center of the discharge chamber by a PTFE support (6 holes). The applied high-voltage square wave pulse has a rise time of 50 ns and a repetition frequency of 10 kHz. The working gas is pure helium, which enters the discharge structure at a flow rate of 2 L / min. This structure ensures secondary discharge of helium gas two meters away from the bronchoscope. This structure not only simplifies clinical operation but also provides good insulation and bending resistance when inserted into the bronchoscope channel, avoiding the influence of complex bronchial bifurcation and bending environments on discharge stability.

[0126] Figure 2 This paper demonstrates an actual discharge diagram of a long-distance plasma delivery device that penetrates deep into the bronchi, based on a bronchoscope-guided navigation system. The working gas can include at least one of helium, argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The gas mixture varies in the range of 0.5 L / min to 10 L / min, and the oxygen and nitrogen doping ratio is typically set to 1000 ppm.

[0127] Figure 3 The macroscopic electrical parameters of the discharge device in this invention are shown. Excitation discharge voltage-current curves were obtained with an applied voltage of 5kV and a pulse width of 500ns. The results show that the peak discharge current is close to 40mA, and the discharge duration is approximately 60ns, which falls within the safe operating current range for the human body. The single-pulse discharge power is approximately 22.7W.

[0128] Figure 4 The figure shows the radiation spectrum in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 900 nm collected during the discharge process of the device of the present invention. express The second positive band structure can be observed to be primarily in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 500 nm. and The molecular bands, covering the wavelength range of 500 nm to 800 nm, include the spectral lines of He excited state and O atoms (at 777 nm and 866 nm), indicating that He produces sufficient oxygen molecule excitation after mixing with air.

[0129] Figure 5 The spatial distribution of active substances calculated based on a self-consistent fluid model is shown, with the horizontal and vertical axes representing the r-axis and z-axis in an axisymmetric coordinate system, respectively. O and Primarily generated by the collision-excited reaction of electrons and oxygen molecules, it is distributed along the boundary layer between the helium flow and air, with peak number densities of [missing information]. and It is suitable for biomedical applications. It is mainly produced through electron adsorption reactions, and its quantity is one order of magnitude smaller than that of excited-state oxygen atoms. Similarly, It is generated by the collision ionization of electrons with nitrogen molecules and the ionization of Hes with nitrogen molecules in Penning, with a peak density of . The main source of the ionization is generated by the collision of electrons with helium gas in the discharge head, so it is less distributed in the streamer body.

[0130] Figure 6 This study demonstrates how a mixed gas is ionized by a 10 kV square wave pulse with a pulse width of 500 ns and a repetition frequency of 10 kHz to generate active particles. The plasma propagates into the bronchial network under the drive of flow and electric fields. The bronchial network was 3D reconstructed from CT data and obtained through 3D printing. The blue-violet glow indicates that the plasma can cover a large portion of the bronchial network. Emission spectroscopy diagnostics revealed sufficient plasma-active substances, such as hydroxyl radicals and oxygen atoms, at each level of bifurcation.

[0131] Example 23:

[0132] An integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery conduit device based on a bronchoscope is disclosed in Embodiment 22. Further simplification of the electrode structure: In the basic scheme of this invention, the needle-ring electrode system adopts a combination of a suspended needle electrode and an external ring electrode. This structure can be further simplified to a single-ring electrode structure, omitting the internal suspended needle electrode and only setting a single high-voltage ring electrode on the outer wall of the PTFE tube. In this case, the discharge relies on the electric field distribution between the ring electrode and the gas outlet end to form a self-excited discharge zone, thereby reducing the internal wire arrangement and support installation process. This simplified scheme can significantly reduce manufacturing process complexity and cost, and is suitable for scenarios with short discharge distance requirements (≤0.5 m) or for surface treatment applications.

[0133] Example 24:

[0134] A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of Examples 22 to 23, further, regarding the replacement of the medium material: In the original design, the medium tube material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In some applications, PTFE can be replaced with a material with a similar dielectric constant but higher mechanical strength or lower cost, such as quartz glass (…). Materials used include polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polycarbonate (PC). Using quartz tubing improves temperature resistance and optical transparency, making it suitable for use with spectral diagnostic systems. Using PEEK or PC further enhances the tube's flexibility and malleability, facilitating the molding of disposable medical catheters. Good insulation properties are maintained even after material replacement, while structural optimization and cost-effectiveness are achieved for different application environments.

[0135] Example 25:

[0136] A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery conduit device based on a bronchoscope, the main technical contents of which are described in any one of embodiments 22 to 24, further, the replacement and simplification of the working gas: In the standard configuration, the working gas is pure helium (2 L / min). In cost or resource-constrained scenarios, helium can be replaced with argon or a helium / oxygen mixture. When using argon, the discharge initiation voltage is slightly higher, but a stronger visible discharge plume can be generated, which is convenient for visual positioning; when using a helium / oxygen mixture ( At a volume fraction of 0.5–1%, it can increase the number of reactive oxygen species (such as...) , The concentration of [a specific component] is adjusted to enhance chemical reactivity. This replacement method allows for flexible adjustment of reaction intensity and active component composition according to application objectives without altering the main structure.

[0137] Example 26:

[0138] A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery conduit device based on a bronchoscope is disclosed, with key technical details described in any one of Examples 22 to 25. Further, the support and fixing methods are simplified: in some short-tube structures or rigid-reinforced tubes, the PTFE porous support for the needle electrode can be omitted, and the needle electrode can be fixed using a tube wall microporous press-fit or metal ring clamp positioning method. This improvement reduces the number of components and assembly steps while maintaining electrode coaxiality. It is suitable for applications such as industrial surface treatment equipment that require high structural strength but have relatively low requirements for internal flow field uniformity.

Claims

1. A one-piece molded long-distance cold plasma delivery catheter device based on a bronchoscope, characterized in that, include: Suspended electrode (1), dielectric tube (2), ring electrode (3), support (4); The suspended electrode (1) is fixed inside the dielectric tube (2) by a bracket (4); The length of the suspended electrode (1) is equal to the length of the dielectric tube (2); One end of the medium tube (2) is connected to an external gas generating device as a gas input end, and the other end is used as an output end; The ring electrode (3) is tightly attached to the outer wall of the gas input end of the medium tube (2); The ring electrode (3) is electrically connected to an external pulse power supply; When using the device to transport cold plasma, the output end of the medium tube (2) is placed in front of the object to be sprayed. The external gas generating device inputs working gas, and the external pulse power supply applies a pulse signal to the ring electrode (3), thereby generating electromagnetic induction coupling between the external pulse power supply and the levitation electrode (1). The levitation electrode (1) generates an induced potential at the output end. The working gas is ionized once in the medium tube (2) and ionized twice as it flows through the output end, generating a non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet, which acts on the object to be sprayed.

2. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The materials used in the medium tube (2) include polytetrafluoroethylene, quartz glass, polyether ether ketone, and polycarbonate.

3. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The materials used in the support (4) include polytetrafluoroethylene, quartz glass, polyetheretherketone, and polycarbonate.

4. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material used for the suspended electrode (1) includes copper.

5. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ring electrode (3) includes a copper foil winding structure and a film-coated electrode structure.

6. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse signal includes a square wave pulse; The peak voltage range of the square wave pulse is 5 kV–10 kV.

7. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external pulse power supply is electrically connected to the ring electrode (3) via a shielded cable; The external pulse power supply adopts a current limiting and overvoltage protection design, with a leakage current of less than 10 µA and a discharge temperature of less than 40℃.

8. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the external pulse power supply and the ring electrode (3) is also provided with several metal mesh shielding layers and polytetrafluoroethylene insulating sleeves to suppress electromagnetic interference; The metal mesh shielding layer is made of copper.

9. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working gas includes at least one of helium, argon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

10. The integrated long-distance cold plasma delivery duct device based on a bronchoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The components of the non-thermal equilibrium plasma jet include .

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