Sludge dewatering device and method based on siphon principle

Abstract

The invention discloses a sludge dewatering device and method based on a siphon principle, and relates to the technical field of soil dewatering. The device comprises a high-level water tank with a valve, a low-level water tank, a dehydration container and a three-dimensional drainage grid, wherein the high-level water tank is communicated with the low-level water tank through a vertical pipe; the top of the dehydration container is hermetically connected with a cover body with a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the vertical pipe through an elbow and a transverse pipe, the three-dimensional drainage grid comprises a vertical drainage rope and a water guide rope, and a top rope bundle head is inserted into the elbow. During working, water flow in the high-level water tank forms siphoning, and the transverse pipe generates negative pressure to drive sludge water to be discharged into the low-level water tank through the drainage grid and the pipeline. The device is free of power and chemical agents, simple and portable in structure, rapid to assemble, uniform and efficient in dehydration and suitable for engineering construction, disaster emergency and other scenes, and in-situ resource utilization of soil is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil dewatering technology, specifically to a sludge dewatering device and method based on the siphon principle. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering construction, disaster emergency response (such as post-earthquake and flood site cleanup), ecological restoration, and temporary construction site work, rapid dehydration of soil with high moisture content is a crucial step. High moisture content soil not only leads to muddy sites, hindering construction or rescue progress, but also risks secondary disasters if improperly dumped. Dehydrated soil, on the other hand, can be utilized on-site, offering both economic and environmental value.

[0003] Current soil dewatering technologies can be mainly categorized as follows, but each has certain limitations in practical applications: 1. Natural sun drying: As the most traditional dehydration method, it relies on natural evaporation and gravity drainage to separate water. It has the advantages of no additional power and extremely low equipment cost. However, the dehydration cycle is long, it depends on the weather and open space, it is difficult to meet the needs of rapid processing in emergency scenarios, and the soil is prone to compaction.

[0004] 2. Mechanical pressure dewatering: This includes equipment such as plate and frame filter presses, centrifugal dewatering machines, and screw extrusion dewatering machines. It uses mechanical pressure or centrifugal force to forcibly separate water from soil. It has the characteristics of high dewatering efficiency and large processing capacity. However, this type of technology has the following drawbacks: First, it relies on electric or fuel power, and cannot operate normally in environments with a lack of stable energy supply, such as mountainous areas or disaster sites. Second, the equipment is large and heavy, making transportation and on-site assembly difficult. Moreover, the manufacturing cost and subsequent maintenance cost are high, making it unsuitable for temporary emergency or small-scale processing needs.

[0005] 3. Chemical Conditioning Dehydration: By adding flocculants, solidifying agents, and other chemical agents to soil with high moisture content, the physicochemical properties of soil particles and the state of water binding are altered, promoting the separation of free water from soil particles and thus achieving rapid dehydration. The advantages of this technology are its fast dehydration speed and lack of complex equipment, but it also has significant drawbacks: First, the cost of chemical agents is high, making large-scale application economically unfeasible; second, agent residues can easily cause secondary soil pollution, damaging the soil ecosystem and limiting the resource utilization of the dehydrated soil; third, the formulation of the agents requires professional personnel, placing high demands on the technical skills of on-site workers.

[0006] Currently, sludge dewatering technology is developing towards being non-powered, portable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly. The demand is to break free from dependence on electricity, fuel, and chemical agents, while also adapting to the practical needs of rapid deployment, low maintenance, and on-site resource utilization in emergency scenarios. However, existing technologies have certain shortcomings in meeting these requirements and cannot effectively balance the comprehensive requirements of non-powered operation, simple structure, portability, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness.

[0007] Therefore, developing a non-powered device that does not rely on electricity or fuel, has a simple structure, low cost, is easy to assemble and transport, and can achieve rapid dewatering of sludge has important practical significance and promotional value. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, a silt dewatering device and method based on the siphon principle is proposed.

[0009] Firstly, this technical solution proposes a sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle, including a high-level water tank and a low-level water tank with valves, which are connected by a vertical pipe; it also includes a dewatering container for holding the sludge to be dewatered, the top of which is detachably and sealed with a cover, the cover having a through hole, the top of which is connected to one end of an elbow, the other end of which is sealed and connected to one end of a horizontal pipe, and the other end of the horizontal pipe is sealed and connected to a vertical pipe. The dehydration container contains a three-dimensional drainage grid for draining water from the sludge. The three-dimensional drainage grid includes several vertically spaced vertical drainage ropes. The tops of the vertical drainage ropes are gathered into a bundle to form a rope bundle head. The top of the rope bundle head is inserted into a bend to achieve communication between the three-dimensional drainage grid and the bend. When water flows from the high-level water tank to the low-level water tank, a siphon effect is created, generating negative pressure in the horizontal pipe and acting on the inside of the dewatering container containing sludge. Driven by the negative pressure, the water in the sludge in the dewatering container is sequentially guided into the horizontal pipe through the vertical drainage rope, rope bundle head, and elbow, and finally discharged into the low-level water tank with the water flow in the vertical pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the three-dimensional drainage grid includes a three-dimensional frame, which includes an upper frame and a lower frame. The upper frame and the lower frame are connected at the four corners by vertical ribs. Both the upper frame and the lower frame have several grids. The vertical drainage ropes are connected between the corresponding grid points of the upper frame and the lower frame. It also includes several water-guiding ropes. The bottom end of the water-guiding ropes is cross-shaped, forming four connection points. These four connection points are respectively connected to the four corresponding vertical drainage ropes. The tops of the multiple water-guiding ropes are gathered into a bundle to form the rope bundle head.

[0011] Preferably, the vertical drainage rope and the water guiding rope are bundles of hemp rope.

[0012] Preferably, the vertical drainage rope and the water guiding rope are composite rope bundles, which include hemp rope bundles and capillary fiber bundles, with the capillary fiber bundles wound around the surface of the hemp rope bundles.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom end of the capillary bundle located in the vertical drainage rope is divergent, forming a divergent end.

[0014] Preferably, a negative pressure gauge is installed on the horizontal tube.

[0015] Preferably, the device further includes a vibration assembly comprising an impeller disposed below the horizontal tube, the impeller being rotatably connected to the vertical tube via a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft extending through the vertical tube to the outside and connected to a cam; it also includes a bracket detachably connected to the horizontal tube, the bracket being connected to a guide cylinder, a guide shaft being slidably connected within the guide cylinder, a spring being fitted at one end of the guide shaft, one end of the spring being connected to the outer wall of the guide shaft, and the other end being connected to one end of the guide cylinder; the other end of the guide shaft is connected to a vibration plate for striking the outer wall of the elbow, and a flexible pad is connected to one side of the vibration plate.

[0016] Preferably, the support includes at least one set of clamps, which are bolted to the horizontal tube and fixedly connected to the guide cylinder via a connecting rod.

[0017] Secondly, this technical solution also proposes a sludge dewatering method based on the siphon principle, including the following steps: S1, Prefabricated three-dimensional drainage grid, remove the top cover of the dehydration container and place the three-dimensional drainage grid inside the dehydration container; S2. Slowly inject the sludge to be dewatered into the dewatering container equipped with a three-dimensional drainage grid, controlling the amount of sludge to avoid obstructing the rope head. S3. Align the lid with the top of the dehydration container, adjust the rope bundle head that converges at the top of the vertical drain rope and pass it through the through hole of the lid to seal the lid and dehydration container to ensure no air leakage gaps. S4. Seal one end of the elbow to the top of the through hole of the cover and insert the rope bundle end into the elbow; seal the other end of the elbow to one end of the horizontal pipe and seal the other end of the horizontal pipe to the vertical pipe. Check the pipeline to ensure that it is unobstructed and leak-free. S5. Pour sufficient clean water into the high-level water tank until the preset water level is reached to ensure that there is a sufficient water level difference between the high-level water tank and the low-level water tank to meet the conditions for the siphon effect. S6. Slowly open the valve on the high-level water tank to allow the clean water in the high-level water tank to flow along the vertical pipe to the low-level water tank, thereby generating negative pressure in the horizontal pipe. S7, under negative pressure, water in the sludge permeates to the vertical drainage rope, is guided by the vertical drainage rope to the rope bundle head, and then flows into the main water flow of the vertical pipe through the elbow and horizontal pipe in sequence, and flows into the low-level water tank with the clean water, completing the water separation and discharge. S8. When the sludge reaches the preset dewatering level, close the high-level water tank valve. The siphon effect disappears, the negative pressure is released, and the dewatering process ends.

[0018] Preferably, step S4 also includes installing a vibration assembly, as detailed below: S41, the impeller is pre-installed in the vertical pipe, the bracket, guide cylinder, guide shaft, spring, vibrating plate and flexible pad are pre-installed to form the driven mechanism, the cam is connected to the impeller rotating shaft, the driven mechanism is installed and fixed to the horizontal pipe, and the position is adjusted so that the cam and one end of the guide shaft are adapted. S6 also includes the clearing of drainage channels, the specific methods of which are as follows: When the clean water in the high-level water tank flows along the vertical pipe to the low-level water tank, the water flow drives the impeller to rotate and drives the cam to rotate synchronously. When the cam rotates, it drives the guide shaft to move to the left and the spring to compress, so that the vibrating plate moves away from the elbow. When the guide shaft enters the cam notch, the spring force pushes the guide shaft to move to the right quickly, causing the vibrating plate to strike the outer wall of the elbow to generate micro-vibration, so as to break the binding barrier of water and particles in the silt and unclog the drainage channel.

[0019] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: 1. This invention consists of components such as a high-level water tank, a low-level water tank, a dehydration container, a three-dimensional drainage grid, and simple pipelines. It has no complex mechanical structure, is easy to transport and assemble, and can be quickly deployed on site. It achieves negative pressure dehydration based on the siphon principle, without the need for external power or chemical agents. It is suitable for special environments such as mountainous areas and disaster sites, avoids soil pollution, and lowers the technical threshold for operation.

[0020] 2. The three-dimensional drainage grid designed in this invention relies on a three-dimensional frame consisting of an upper frame, a lower frame, and vertical ribs to form a supporting foundation. Vertical drainage ropes are arranged at intervals between corresponding grid points of the frame to form a three-dimensional water guiding network. This allows the vertical drainage ropes to penetrate into different locations inside the silt, rather than just guiding water on the surface of the silt. This significantly increases the contact range with water in the silt and effectively avoids the local unevenness problem of "fast surface dehydration and slow internal dehydration" that is prone to occur in traditional planar water guiding methods. It allows the siphon negative pressure to act on the entire silt, achieving uniform and rapid water removal.

[0021] 5. This invention connects adjacent vertical drainage ropes at their cross-shaped bottom ends to achieve the effect of dispersing water flow and concentrating it. First, the vertical drainage ropes absorb water from various locations in the silt, then the water-guiding ropes quickly gather the dispersed water, and finally, the water is concentrated and guided into the bend through the top rope bundle head, forming a multi-stage water-guiding path of "point-line-bundle". This avoids water stagnation in the drainage structure, ensures seamless connection between water and the siphon pipe, and maximizes the use of the driving force of the siphon negative pressure.

[0022] 3. This invention, by incorporating a vibration component that operates in conjunction with a siphon negative pressure dewatering system without requiring additional power input, specifically addresses the problem of "tight binding of water and particles, leading to easy clogging of water channels" during sludge dewatering, thereby improving overall dewatering efficiency and resolving the issue of poor separation of bound water by simple siphon negative pressure. Furthermore, the vibration component is detachable and easy to install, facilitating rapid on-site deployment and subsequent maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of the dehydration container assembled with the three-dimensional drainage grid.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Exploded view of the dehydration container and the three-dimensional drainage grid.

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the medium-sized drainage grid.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical drainage rope assembly in a three-dimensional drainage grid.

[0029] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Front view of the three-dimensional drainage grid.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical drainage rope in Example 2.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle in Example 3.

[0032] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure after the impeller and cam are connected.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Dehydration container; 2. Horizontal pipe; 201. Elbow; 3. Vertical pipe; 4. High-level water tank; 5. Low-level water tank; 6. Cover; 601. Sealing joint; 602. Through hole; 7. Three-dimensional drainage grid; 71. Upper frame; 72. Lower frame; 73. Vertical rib; 74. Vertical drainage rope; 741. Diverging end; 75. Water guide rope; 76. Rope bundle end; 8. Clamp; 9. Connecting rod; 10. Guide cylinder; 11. Guide shaft; 12. Spring; 13. Cam; 14. Rotating shaft; 141. Blade; 15. Vibrating plate; 16. Flexible pad. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0035] Example 1: like Figure 1 - Figure 6 As shown in the figure, this embodiment proposes a sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle. The device relies on the siphon principle to achieve dewatering without power and negative pressure. It mainly includes two parts: a water storage and diversion module and a sludge treatment module.

[0036] The water storage and diversion module includes a high-level water tank 4 and a low-level water tank 5 equipped with valves. The two tanks must be arranged according to a preset height difference to ensure the stable generation of the subsequent siphon effect. The high-level water tank 4 and the low-level water tank 5 are connected by a vertical pipe 3. The vertical pipe 3 is preferably made of corrosion-resistant pipe with a smooth inner wall, such as PVC pipe or stainless steel pipe, to reduce water flow resistance and extend service life.

[0037] The sludge treatment module mainly includes a dewatering container 1 for holding the sludge to be dewatered. This container can be designed in cylindrical, square, or other shapes depending on the processing capacity. It is made of lightweight and wear-resistant high-strength plastic or metal, facilitating on-site handling and reuse. The top of the dewatering container 1 is detachably and sealed with a cover 6. The detachable connection uses conventional methods such as snap-fits and bolts. A sealing gasket can be installed between the cover 6 and the container port to ensure no air leakage at the connection. The cover 6 has a through hole 602. The top of the through hole 602 connects to one end of an elbow 201. The other end of the elbow 201 is sealed to one end of a horizontal pipe 2, and the other end of the horizontal pipe 2 is sealed to a vertical pipe 3, ultimately forming a closed-loop pipeline system of "high-level water tank 4 - vertical pipe 3 - horizontal pipe 2 - elbow 201 - dewatering container 1".

[0038] It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the installation of elbow 201, a sealing joint 601 can be set at the through hole 602. The sealing joint 601 is fixedly connected to the top of the cover 6 and can be fixed by threaded connection, adhesive bonding or integral molding to ensure a firm connection and reliable sealing performance. In use, the sealing joint 601 is simply inserted and connected to one end of elbow 201. This design does not require complicated fastening procedures, which can greatly improve the assembly efficiency of elbow 201 and cover 6, while ensuring the sealing of the connection and avoiding negative pressure leakage.

[0039] The dewatering container 1 contains a three-dimensional drainage grid 7 for draining water from the sludge. It is a key component for achieving uniform dewatering of the sludge. Its design aims to solve the problem of fast surface dewatering and slow internal dewatering in traditional planar water guiding methods.

[0040] The three-dimensional drainage grid 7 includes several vertically spaced drainage ropes 74. The spacing of the vertical drainage ropes 74 needs to be adapted to the size of the dewatering container 1, the particle size of the sludge, and the moisture content to ensure that the vertical drainage ropes 74 can evenly cover the sludge area inside the container and penetrate deep into the sludge to achieve all-round water guidance. The tops of the vertical drainage ropes 74 are bundled together to form a rope bundle head 76. The top of the rope bundle head 76 is inserted into the elbow 201 to achieve communication between the three-dimensional drainage grid 7 and the elbow 201. Specifically, the tops of the vertical drainage ropes 74 can be bundled together by binding, weaving, etc., to form a tightly structured rope bundle head 76. The outer diameter of the rope bundle head 76 matches the inner diameter of the elbow 201, and its top can be inserted into the elbow 201 and fit tightly against the inner wall of the elbow 201. This achieves stable communication between the three-dimensional drainage grid 7 and the elbow 201 and prevents water from stagnating or leaking at the connection, ensuring the smooth flow of water.

[0041] Working principle: When the water in the high-level water tank 4 flows to the low-level water tank 5, a siphon effect is formed, generating negative pressure in the horizontal pipe 2 and acting on the inside of the dewatering container 1 containing sludge. Driven by the negative pressure, the water in the sludge in the dewatering container 1 is sequentially guided into the horizontal pipe 2 through the vertical drainage rope 74, rope bundle head 76, and elbow 201, and finally discharged into the low-level water tank 5 with the water flow in the vertical pipe 3.

[0042] The working principle is further explained as follows: After sufficient clean water is injected into the high-level water tank 4, the control valve is slowly opened. The clean water in the tank will flow continuously from the vertical pipe 3 to the low-level water tank 5 under the action of gravity. During this process, the water flow will drive the air at the connection between the horizontal pipe 2 and the vertical pipe 3 to be discharged quickly, thereby forming a stable siphon effect in the horizontal pipe 2. The negative pressure generated by the siphon effect will act directly on the inside of the dewatering container 1 containing sludge through the closed pipe. Driven by the pressure difference generated by the negative pressure, the water in the sludge in the dewatering container 1 will undergo directional migration: First, the free water and some bound water inside the sludge will permeate to the surrounding vertical drainage ropes 74 under the action of the pressure difference. Then, the water will flow upward along the vertical drainage ropes 74 and converge to the rope bundle head 76 at the top. Then, it will be guided into the elbow 201 through the rope bundle head 76, and then flow into the horizontal pipe 2 along the elbow 201. Finally, it will merge with the clean water flowing downward in the vertical pipe 3 in the horizontal pipe 2 and be discharged into the low-level water tank 5 with the mainstream water flow, completing the entire process of water separation and discharge. This process requires no additional power; it relies solely on the combined effect of siphon negative pressure and gravity to achieve efficient separation of water from sludge.

[0043] In some specific examples, the three-dimensional drainage grid 7 includes a three-dimensional frame that serves as a support and fixation mechanism. The three-dimensional frame includes an upper frame 71 and a lower frame 72, both of which are grid-like structures and can be designed as square or rectangular grids. The upper frame 71 and the lower frame 72 are connected at the four corners by vertical ribs 73. Both the upper frame 71 and the lower frame 72 have several grids, and the vertical drainage ropes 74 are connected between the corresponding grid points of the upper frame 71 and the lower frame 72. Specifically, the grid points on the upper frame 71 and the lower frame 72 correspond one-to-one, and the two ends of the vertical drainage ropes 74 are fixed to the corresponding grid points of the upper and lower frames 72, respectively, by means of binding, buckles, etc.

[0044] Application results: The three-dimensional drainage grid 7 adopts a three-dimensional grid structure to achieve full-dimensional water guidance inside the silt and solve the problem of uneven local dehydration: relying on the three-dimensional frame composed of the upper frame 71, lower frame 72 and vertical ribs 73 to form a supporting foundation, vertical drainage ropes 74 are arranged at intervals between the corresponding grid points of the frame to form a three-dimensional water guiding network. This allows the drainage ropes to penetrate into different positions inside the silt, rather than just guiding water on the surface of the silt. This greatly increases the contact range with the water in the silt and effectively avoids the local unevenness problem of "fast surface dehydration and slow internal dehydration" that is easy to occur in traditional planar water guiding methods. It allows the siphon negative pressure to act on the entire silt, so as to achieve uniform and rapid water removal.

[0045] In some specific examples, the three-dimensional drainage grid 7 also includes several water-guiding ropes 75. The bottom of each water-guiding rope 75 is cross-shaped, forming four connection points. These four connection points are respectively connected to four corresponding vertical drainage ropes 74. The tops of the multiple water-guiding ropes 75 are bundled together to form the rope bundle head 76. Through this cross-connection method, the water absorbed by the four surrounding vertical drainage ropes 74 can be quickly gathered into the water-guiding ropes 75. The tops of the multiple water-guiding ropes 75 are bundled together, ultimately forming the rope bundle head 76 that is compatible with the elbow 201, achieving the efficient water guiding purpose of "dispersed water guiding - concentrated flow", and greatly improving the water removal efficiency. Meanwhile, this design also specifically addresses the assembly challenge: if the tops of all the vertical drainage ropes 74 are directly gathered together, the large number of vertical drainage ropes 74 would result in an excessively large diameter of the rope bundle head 76, far exceeding the inner diameter of the elbow 201, thus causing problems with smooth insertion and assembly; however, by using the water guide rope 75 as an intermediate confluence carrier, each water guide rope 75 only collects the water from four adjacent vertical drainage ropes 74, and then multiple water guide ropes 75 are gathered into a bundle, which makes it easy to control the overall size of the rope bundle head 76, making it compatible with the inner diameter of the elbow 201, thus ensuring ease of assembly.

[0046] The water guide rope 75 is connected to the adjacent vertical drainage rope 74 at the cross-shaped bottom end, achieving the effect of dispersing water and concentrating flow. First, the vertical drainage rope 74 absorbs water from various locations in the silt, and then the water guide rope 75 quickly gathers the dispersed water. Finally, it is concentrated and guided into the elbow 201 through the top rope bundle head 76, forming a multi-stage water guiding path of "point-line-bundle". This avoids water stagnation in the drainage structure, ensures seamless connection between water and siphon pipe, and maximizes the use of the driving force of siphon negative pressure.

[0047] In some specific examples, the vertical drainage rope 74 and the water-guiding rope 75 are hemp rope bundles. As a natural plant fiber product, hemp rope bundles have multiple advantages suitable for this device: First, they have excellent hydrophilicity, and the capillary effect of natural fibers is significant, enabling them to quickly absorb water from the sludge and achieve longitudinal conduction; second, they have good mechanical strength and toughness, and are not easily broken or deformed under the pressure of sludge, maintaining the unobstructed water-guiding channel for a long time; third, they are inexpensive and widely available, requiring no complex processing technology, thus reducing the overall manufacturing cost of the device; fourth, they are environmentally friendly and pollution-free, as the natural material will not introduce harmful impurities into the sludge, nor will it damage the soil ecology, and will not affect the on-site resource utilization of the dehydrated soil. In practical applications, the appropriate number of strands and diameter of hemp rope bundles can be selected according to the water-guiding volume requirements. Before use, the hemp rope bundles can be cleaned and dried to remove surface impurities, further improving their water-guiding performance.

[0048] A negative pressure gauge is also installed on the horizontal pipe 2 to monitor the negative pressure value inside the horizontal pipe 2 in real time, allowing operators to intuitively judge whether the siphon effect is in a stable state. In addition, the horizontal pipe 2 is preferably made of transparent materials, such as transparent PVC pipe or acrylic pipe. These materials not only have good sealing performance and corrosion resistance, but also allow operators to observe the internal condition of the pipeline in real time. For example, they can intuitively see whether the water discharged from the sludge is flowing smoothly, whether the water flow rate is stable, and whether there are abnormalities such as sludge particle accumulation or blockage in the pipeline, so as to facilitate timely detection of problems.

[0049] Example 2: Based on Example 1, such as Figure 7 As shown, in some specific examples, to further improve water conduction efficiency, the vertical drainage rope 74 and the water-conducting rope 75 are composite rope bundles. These composite rope bundles include hemp rope bundles and capillary fiber bundles, with the capillary fiber bundles wound around the surface of the hemp rope bundle. The capillary fiber bundles can be made of fiber materials with extremely strong capillary effects, such as polyester fibers and microfibers. These fibers have a finer diameter and a larger specific surface area, significantly enhancing the water absorption capacity and water conduction speed of the rope bundle, making water transfer between fibers more efficient. The capillary fiber bundles can be tightly and uniformly wound onto the surface of the hemp rope bundle, ensuring no obvious exposed areas and maximizing the contact area between the rope bundle and water. Compared to a single hemp rope bundle, the composite rope bundle effectively improves water conduction efficiency, making it particularly suitable for dewatering sludge with high moisture content and strong adhesion.

[0050] In some specific examples, the bottom ends of the capillary fiber bundles located in the vertical drainage rope 74 are specially designed to be divergent, forming divergent ends 741. These divergent ends 741 have the following technical advantages: Firstly, the divergent fibers can spread outwards, forming a structure similar to a "brush" or "umbrella," significantly increasing the contact area between the bottom end of the vertical drainage rope 74 and the silt, absorbing water from multiple directions and avoiding the problem of localized water saturation and the inability of surrounding water to penetrate in time due to excessive concentration at the ends of the vertical drainage rope 74. Secondly, the divergent fiber ends can effectively break down the surface crust that may form in the early stages of silt dewatering, preventing the hardening of the surface water due to rapid evaporation and hindering the penetration of internal water into the vertical drainage rope 74, ensuring uniform dewatering of the silt from the inside out. The processing of the divergent ends 741 can be achieved by untying the ends of the capillary fiber bundles to allow them to naturally diverge, or by using a slight fixing method to maintain the divergent shape, which neither affects the overall structure of the vertical drainage rope 74 nor fails to fully utilize its water-conducting advantages.

[0051] The composite rope bundle combines the water absorption and conduction properties of hemp rope with the capillary effect of capillary fiber bundles. It can actively adsorb free water and even some bound water in the sludge through capillary action, thereby enhancing the water separation effect. In addition, the capillary fiber bundles at the bottom of the vertical drainage rope 74 are divergent, which further increases the contact area with the sludge, allowing the drainage rope to penetrate deep into the micropores of the sludge to adsorb water. This breaks through the limitation of ordinary water-conducting structures that can only drain surface free water, thus improving the overall dewatering efficiency.

[0052] Based on the apparatus in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, this embodiment also proposes a sludge dewatering method based on the siphon principle, including the following steps: S1, prefabricate the three-dimensional drainage grid 7, remove the top cover 6 of the dewatering container 1, place the three-dimensional drainage grid 7 inside the dewatering container 1, adjust the position so that the bottom of the three-dimensional drainage grid 7 fits the bottom of the dewatering container 1, and the vertical drainage ropes 74 are evenly distributed to avoid skewing or stacking, laying the foundation for subsequent sludge injection and water discharge.

[0053] S2. Slowly inject the sludge to be dewatered into the dewatering container 1 equipped with the three-dimensional drainage grid 7, controlling the amount of sludge to avoid obstructing the rope head 76; Note: It can be poured slowly along the inner wall of the dewatering container 1 to avoid impacting the three-dimensional drainage grid 7 due to excessive pouring, which may cause it to shift or be damaged.

[0054] S3. Align the cover 6 with the top of the dehydration container 1, adjust the rope bundle 76 at the top of the vertical drain rope 74 so that it passes through the through hole 602 on the cover 6, and seal the cover 6 with the dehydration container 1 to ensure no air leakage. Specifically, align the removed cover 6 with the top port of the dehydration container 1, gently place it on the container, and adjust the rope bundle 76 at the top of the vertical drain rope 74 so that it passes through the through hole 602 on the cover 6 in the center and protrudes slightly. Then, seal the cover 6 with the dehydration container 1 by tightening the buckles, bolts, etc. Rubber washers can be used to enhance the seal during connection. After connection, press the edge of the cover 6 by hand or gently pull the cover 6 to check whether it is firmly installed, and at the same time ensure that there are no air leakage gaps at the connection, which is a prerequisite for maintaining a negative pressure environment during dehydration.

[0055] S4, seal one end of elbow 201 to the top of through hole 602 of cover 6, and insert rope bundle head 76 into elbow 201; seal the other end of elbow 201 to one end of horizontal pipe 2, and seal the other end of horizontal pipe 2 to vertical pipe 3. Check the pipeline to ensure it is unobstructed and leak-free.

[0056] S5. Pour sufficient clean water into the high-level water tank 4 until the preset water level is reached, ensuring that there is a sufficient water level difference between the high-level water tank 4 and the low-level water tank 5 to meet the conditions for the siphon effect. It should be noted that the preset water level needs to be determined according to the device design specifications and dehydration requirements. Usually, it is necessary to ensure that there is a water level difference of 1-2 meters or more between the high-level water tank 4 and the low-level water tank 5. This water level difference is the key condition for generating a stable siphon effect.

[0057] S6. Slowly open the valve on the high-level water tank 4 to allow the clean water in the high-level water tank 4 to flow along the vertical pipe 3 to the low-level water tank 5, thereby generating negative pressure in the horizontal pipe 2. During operation, the value change can be observed through the negative pressure gauge on the horizontal pipe 2 to ensure that the negative pressure value is within the reasonable range designed by the device. If the negative pressure value is abnormal, it can be adjusted by fine-tuning the valve opening.

[0058] S7, under negative pressure, water in the sludge permeates to the vertical drainage rope 74, and is guided by the vertical drainage rope 74 to the rope head 76. It then flows through the elbow 201 and the horizontal pipe 2 into the main water flow of the vertical pipe 3, and flows into the low-level water tank 5 with the clean water, completing the water separation and discharge.

[0059] S8. When the sludge reaches the preset dewatering level, close the valve 4 of the high-level water tank. The siphon effect disappears, the negative pressure is released, and the dewatering process ends. The device can then be disassembled and the sludge cleaned after dewatering.

[0060] Example 3: like Figures 8-9 As shown, based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, the entire device further includes a vibration assembly to enhance the dehydration effect. This vibration assembly includes an impeller located below the horizontal tube 2, rotatably connected to the vertical tube 3 via a rotating shaft 14. Several blades 141 are connected to the rotating shaft 14, located within the vertical tube 3. One end of the rotating shaft 14 extends through the vertical tube 3 to the outside and is connected to a cam 13. It also includes a bracket detachably connected to the horizontal tube 2, whose detachable design facilitates on-site assembly and maintenance. The bracket is connected to a guide cylinder 10, the interior of which is a smooth cavity. A guide shaft 11 is slidably connected within the guide cylinder 10, and the guide shaft 11 can move along the guide cylinder 10. The guide shaft 11 slides along the axis. One end of the guide shaft 11 is fitted with a spring 12. One end of the spring 12 is connected to the outer wall of the guide shaft 11, and the other end is connected to one end of the guide cylinder 10, forming an elastic reset structure. The other end of the guide shaft 11 is connected to a vibration plate 15 for striking the outer wall of the elbow 201. A flexible pad 16 is connected to one side of the vibration plate 15 (the side facing the elbow 201). The flexible pad 16 is made of rubber or silicone, which can prevent damage to the outer wall of the elbow 201 during striking, and at the same time buffer the striking force, so that the vibration is transmitted more evenly to the elbow 201 and the internal rope bundle head 76.

[0061] In this embodiment, the support adopts a modular design. The support includes at least one set of clamps 8. The number of clamps 8 can be increased to two or more sets according to the weight of the guide cylinder 10 and the vibration stability requirements. The clamps 8 are bolted to the horizontal pipe 2 and are fixedly connected to the guide cylinder 10 through the connecting rod 9.

[0062] It should be noted that, in the above method, after the pipeline foundation connection is completed in S4, a vibration component can be added to improve the dewatering efficiency, depending on the actual conditions such as the sludge's adhesion and moisture content. The specific installation method is as follows: S41, the impeller is pre-installed in the vertical tube 3, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 14 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the vertical tube 3 through bearings to ensure that the impeller rotates smoothly without jamming; Subsequently, the bracket, guide cylinder 10, guide shaft 11, spring 12, vibrating plate 15 and flexible pad 16 are pre-assembled to form a driven mechanism. Then, the cam 13 is connected to the impeller rotating shaft 14. The cam 13 can be installed by key connection or bolt fastening. Finally, the driven mechanism is installed and fixed to the horizontal tube 2. The position is adjusted so that the cam 13 is adapted to one end of the guide shaft 11, ensuring that the cam 13 can smoothly push the guide shaft 11 to move when rotating, without jamming or offset.

[0063] S6 also includes unblocking drainage channels, the specific methods of which are as follows: After the valve of the high-level water tank 4 is opened in S6, the drainage channel is automatically cleared simultaneously: when the clean water in the high-level water tank 4 flows from the vertical pipe 3 to the low-level water tank 5, the water flow drives the impeller to rotate and drives the cam 13 to rotate synchronously; when the cam 13 rotates, it drives the guide shaft 11 to move to the left and the spring 12 to compress, so that the vibrating plate 15 moves away from the elbow 201; when the guide shaft 11 enters the notch of the cam 13, the spring 12 pushes the guide shaft 11 to move quickly to the right, causing the vibrating plate 15 to strike the outer wall of the elbow 201 to generate micro-vibration, so as to break the binding barrier of water and particles in the silt and clear the drainage channel; specifically, when the cam 13 rotates to the notch position corresponding to the guide shaft 11, the thrust of the cam 13 on the guide shaft 11 suddenly disappears, the compressed spring 12 quickly releases elastic potential energy, generates a reverse thrust to push the guide shaft 11 to move quickly to the right, causing the vibrating plate 15 to hit the outer wall of the elbow 201 instantly, generating high-frequency micro-vibration.

[0064] The vibration component, as an optimized design of this device, operates in conjunction with the siphon negative pressure dewatering system without additional power input. It specifically addresses the core issues of "tight binding of water and particles and easy clogging of water channels" during sludge dewatering, providing dual assurance for dewatering efficiency. Specific advantages are as follows: The power of the vibration component comes entirely from the impact of the siphon water flow in the vertical pipe 3. The water flow drives the impeller to rotate, which in turn drives the cam 13 to achieve vibration. The entire process requires no external power such as electricity or fuel, nor any additional control switches. It can be started synchronously with the siphon dehydration after the valve of the high-level water tank 4 is opened. This fits the overall design concept of the device as "powerless and suitable for emergency energy-free scenarios", without increasing the operating cost or operational complexity of the device.

[0065] The micro-vibrations generated by the vibration component can break down the water-particle binding barrier and improve the efficiency of bound water separation. This is because the water in the sludge does not exist only in the form of free water. A large amount of water and sludge particles form bound water through adsorption and capillary action. It is difficult to effectively separate this type of water by simply relying on the pulling force of the siphon negative pressure, resulting in incomplete dehydration and failure to meet the moisture content standard. However, the vibration component, through the cooperation of cam 13 and spring 12, drives the vibration plate 15 to generate micro-vibrations on the elbow 201. The vibration wave can be transmitted to the entire three-dimensional drainage grid 7 through the rope bundle head 76, forming a slight vibration disturbance on the sludge. This effectively breaks down the adsorption binding barrier between soil particles and water, allowing the bound water to be quickly converted into free water that can be adsorbed and extracted, significantly improving the overall dehydration efficiency and solving the problem of poor bound water separation effect of simple siphon negative pressure.

[0066] The vibration component can also clear the water channels in real time, preventing the vertical drainage ropes 74 from becoming clogged and ensuring continuous and stable water conduction efficiency. During the sludge dewatering process, fine soil particles easily accumulate on the surface of the vertical drainage ropes 74 with the water. If not cleared for a long time, they will clog the capillary pores of the vertical drainage ropes 74, causing the water conduction efficiency to gradually decrease. In particular, accumulation is likely to occur in the gaps between the capillary fibers of the composite rope bundle and at the diverging ends, gradually blocking the water channels and causing a continuous decrease in water removal efficiency. The micro-vibration generated by the vibration component can create a continuous "shaking" effect on the vertical drainage ropes 74, shaking off the soil particles attached to the surface and pores of the vertical drainage ropes 74, clearing the water channels in real time, ensuring the continuous and stable capillary adsorption and water conduction function of the vertical drainage ropes 74, and avoiding efficiency decay during the dewatering process due to clogging.

[0067] Furthermore, in practical applications, the viscosity and particle size of sludge vary considerably. Sludge with high viscosity and high water content is more prone to slow water conduction and clogging. The presence of the vibration component expands the device's adaptability beyond simply treating low-viscosity sludge: for highly viscosity sludge, vibration can break up particle agglomerations, reducing the probability of drainage ropes becoming entangled; for sludge containing fine particles, vibration can prevent particle deposition within the water-conducting structure. This allows the device to meet the dewatering needs of different types of sludge in engineering construction, disaster emergency response, and other scenarios, broadening its application scope.

[0068] It should be noted that this vibration component is designed for micro-vibration. The vibration energy is transmitted to the drainage grid only through the rope head 76, causing only slight local disturbance to the sludge around the vertical drainage rope 74. It will not cause strong vibration to the sludge in the dewatering container 1 as a whole, avoiding sludge stratification and compaction due to overall disturbance, and preventing a large amount of sludge particles from flowing into the siphon pipe and causing blockage. While improving dewatering efficiency, it ensures the stability of the entire siphon dewatering process. The vibration component is detachably connected to the horizontal pipe 2 via the clamp 8. The impeller is pre-installed in the vertical pipe 3. The driven mechanism is a prefabricated assembly structure, which can be quickly assembled with the pipeline on site without major modifications to the original siphon pipeline. At the same time, the components are modularly designed. If problems such as impeller wear or spring 12 failure occur, they can be disassembled and replaced individually, making later maintenance convenient and meeting the usage requirements of this device: "simple structure, adaptable to rapid emergency deployment".

[0069] In summary, this invention consists of components such as a high-level water tank 4, a low-level water tank 5, a dehydration container 1, a three-dimensional drainage grid 7, and simple pipelines. It has no complex mechanical structure, is easy to transport and assemble, and can be quickly deployed on site. It achieves negative pressure dehydration based on the siphon principle, without the need for external power or chemical agents. It is suitable for special environments such as mountainous areas and disaster sites, avoids soil pollution, and lowers the technical threshold for operation.

[0070] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is merely for ease of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0071] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0072] Although the specific embodiments of the invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Based on the technical solutions of the invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle, comprising a high-level water tank (4) and a low-level water tank (5) equipped with valves, wherein the high-level water tank (4) and the low-level water tank (5) are connected by a vertical pipe (3); characterized in that, It also includes a dewatering container (1) for holding sludge to be dewatered, the top of the dewatering container (1) is detachably and sealed with a cover (6), the cover (6) has a through hole (602), the top of the through hole (602) is connected to one end of an elbow (201), the other end of the elbow (201) is sealed and connected to one end of a horizontal pipe (2), and the other end of the horizontal pipe (2) is sealed and connected to a vertical pipe (3). The dehydration container (1) contains a three-dimensional drainage grid (7) for draining water from the sludge. The three-dimensional drainage grid (7) includes several vertically spaced vertical drainage ropes (74). The tops of the vertical drainage ropes (74) are gathered into a bundle to form a rope bundle head (76). The top of the rope bundle head (76) is inserted into the elbow (201) to achieve communication between the three-dimensional drainage grid (7) and the elbow (201). When the water in the high-level water tank (4) flows to the low-level water tank (5), a siphon effect is formed, generating negative pressure in the horizontal pipe (2) and acting on the inside of the dewatering container (1) containing sludge; driven by the negative pressure, the water in the sludge in the dewatering container (1) is sequentially introduced into the horizontal pipe (2) through the vertical drainage rope (74), rope bundle head (76), and elbow (201), and finally discharged into the low-level water tank (5) with the water flow in the vertical pipe (3).

2. The sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional drainage grid (7) includes a three-dimensional frame, which includes an upper frame (71) and a lower frame (72). The upper frame (71) and the lower frame (72) are connected at the four corners by vertical ribs (73). Both the upper frame (71) and the lower frame (72) have several grids. The vertical drainage ropes (74) are connected between the grid points of the upper frame (71) and the lower frame (72). It also includes several water guide ropes (75). The bottom of the water guide ropes (75) is cross-shaped, forming four connection points. The four connection points are respectively connected to the four vertical drainage ropes (74). The tops of the multiple water guide ropes (75) are gathered into a bundle to form the rope bundle head (76).

3. The sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical drainage rope (74) and the water guiding rope (75) are bundles of hemp rope.

4. The sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical drainage rope (74) and the water guiding rope (75) are a composite rope bundle, which includes a hemp rope bundle and a capillary fiber bundle, with the capillary fiber bundle wrapped around the surface of the hemp rope bundle.

5. The sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The capillary bundle located at the bottom of the vertical drainage rope (74) is divergent, forming a divergent end (741).

6. The sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, A negative pressure gauge is installed on the horizontal tube (2).

7. The sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a vibration assembly, which includes an impeller located below the horizontal tube (2), the impeller being rotatably connected to the vertical tube (3) via a rotating shaft (14), one end of the rotating shaft (14) extending through the vertical tube (3) to the outside and connected to a cam (13); it also includes a bracket detachably connected to the horizontal tube (2), the bracket being connected to a guide cylinder (10), a guide shaft (11) being slidably connected in the guide cylinder (10), one end of the guide shaft (11) being fitted with a spring (12), one end of the spring (12) being connected to the outer wall of the guide shaft (11), and the other end being connected to one end of the guide cylinder (10); the other end of the guide shaft (11) is connected to a vibration plate (15) for striking the outer wall of the elbow (201), and a flexible pad (16) is connected to one side of the vibration plate (15).

8. The sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The support includes at least one set of clamps (8), which are bolted to the horizontal tube (2) and are fixedly connected to the guide tube (10) by a connecting rod (9).

9. A sludge dewatering method based on the siphon principle, using the sludge dewatering device based on the siphon principle as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The steps include the following: S1, prefabricate a three-dimensional drainage grid (7), remove the top cover (6) of the dehydration container (1), and place the three-dimensional drainage grid (7) inside the dehydration container (1); S2, slowly inject the sludge to be dewatered into the dewatering container (1) equipped with a three-dimensional drainage grid (7), control the amount of sludge to avoid the sludge from blocking the rope head (76). S3, align the cover (6) with the top of the dehydration container (1), adjust the rope bundle head (76) that converges at the top of the vertical drainage rope (74) and pass through the through hole (602) of the cover (6), seal the cover (6) and the dehydration container (1) to ensure no air leakage gaps; S4, seal one end of the elbow (201) to the top of the through hole (602) of the cover (6), so that the rope bundle head (76) is inserted into the elbow (201); seal the other end of the elbow (201) to one end of the horizontal pipe (2), and seal the other end of the horizontal pipe (2) to the vertical pipe (3). Check the pipeline to ensure that it is unobstructed and leak-free. S5, inject sufficient clean water into the high-level water tank (4) until the preset water level is reached, to ensure that there is a sufficient water level difference between the high-level water tank (4) and the low-level water tank (5) to meet the conditions for the siphon effect to occur; S6, slowly open the valve on the high-level water tank (4) to allow the clean water in the high-level water tank (4) to flow along the vertical pipe (3) to the low-level water tank (5), thereby generating negative pressure in the horizontal pipe (2); S7, under negative pressure, water in the sludge permeates to the vertical drainage rope (74), and is guided by the vertical drainage rope (74) to the rope head (76), and then flows through the elbow (201) and horizontal pipe (2) into the main water flow of the vertical pipe (3), and flows into the low-level water tank (5) with the clean water, thus completing the water separation and discharge; S8. When the sludge reaches the preset dewatering level, close the valve of the high-level water tank (4), the siphon effect disappears, the negative pressure is released, and the dewatering process ends.

10. The sludge dewatering method based on the siphon principle according to claim 9, characterized in that, S4 also includes the installation of vibration components, the specific method of which is as follows: S41, pre-install the impeller in the vertical tube (3), pre-install the bracket, guide cylinder (10), guide shaft (11), spring (12), vibration plate (15) and flexible pad (16) to form a driven mechanism, then connect the cam (13) to the impeller rotating shaft (14), install and fix the driven mechanism to the horizontal tube (2), and adjust the position so that the cam (13) is matched with one end of the guide shaft (11); S6 also includes the clearing of drainage channels, the specific methods of which are as follows: When the clean water in the high-level water tank (4) flows along the vertical pipe (3) to the low-level water tank (5), the water flow drives the impeller to rotate and drives the cam (13) to rotate synchronously. When the cam (13) rotates, it drives the guide shaft (11) to move to the left and the spring (12) to compress, so that the vibrating plate (15) moves away from the elbow (201). When the guide shaft (11) enters the notch of the cam (13), the spring (12) pushes the guide shaft (11) to move quickly to the right, which drives the vibrating plate (15) to strike the outer wall of the elbow (201) to generate micro-vibration, so as to break the binding barrier between water and particles in the silt and clear the drainage channel.

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