Subway deep foundation rock-soil interface construction drainage device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of deep foundation pit construction drainage and provides a subway deep foundation pit rock-soil interface construction drainage device, which comprises a connecting pipe, one end of the connecting pipe is connected with a water pump through a hose, and the other end of the connecting pipe is rotationally connected with a filter cylinder; a driving assembly for driving the filter cylinder to rotate is arranged on the connecting pipe, a plurality of connecting sleeves are equidistantly arranged at a position close to the top of the filter cylinder, the connecting sleeves are all connected with water pumping mechanisms and flow guiding assemblies, one end of the water pumping mechanism vertically slides and is elastically connected in the connecting sleeve, the other end of the water pumping mechanism is used for filtering and pumping out water in the foundation pit, and the flow guiding assembly is fixedly connected with the connecting sleeve. The water pumping mechanism has the characteristics of vertical sliding and elastic connection, can adaptively avoid obstacles, and effectively avoids mechanical damage and cleaning during shutdown.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of deep foundation pit construction drainage technology, and particularly relates to a construction drainage device for the rock-soil interface of a subway deep foundation pit. Background Technology

[0002] Deep foundation pit engineering for subways, as a core component of urban rail transit construction, faces severe challenges when constructing in the soil-rock interface area. The soil-rock interface refers to the transitional zone between different geological structures such as soft soil layers, sand layers, and weathered rock layers. Its physical properties differ significantly, groundwater activity is frequent, and it is often accompanied by the seepage of a mixture of high concentrations of fine sand, clay particles, and gravel. These complex hydrogeological conditions make foundation pit dewatering and drainage operations a key challenge during construction. Existing drainage technologies mainly rely on open ditch drainage, deep well dewatering, and vacuum wellpoint dewatering, but these methods have systemic shortcomings when applied to soil-rock interfaces.

[0003] The existing pumping pipes and filtration structures are mostly designed with rigid fixation, lacking dynamic adaptability. When encountering large-diameter sand or foreign objects, they cannot achieve adaptive avoidance and often experience mechanical jamming. For example, gravel with a diameter larger than the filter mesh size gets stuck at the pumping port, forcing the system to stop. Manual intervention is required to clean or replace parts, which not only prolongs the construction period but also increases the exposure time of workers in the high-risk environment of deep foundation pits.

[0004] In addition, the mud and sand impurities separated during the filtration process continue to accumulate inside the device, forming a difficult-to-treat sediment layer. Traditional sludge discharge methods rely on manual operation or simple gravity discharge, which cannot achieve continuous and controllable automatic sludge discharge. The long-term accumulation of impurities leads to hardening of the internal structure, further exacerbating the decline in drainage efficiency and even triggering a vicious cycle of secondary blockage.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a drainage device for the construction of a deep foundation pit in a subway, which aims to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] The present invention is implemented as follows: a drainage device for construction of deep foundation pit in subway with soil-rock interface, including a connecting pipe, one end of which can be connected to a water pump through a hose, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to a filter cylinder.

[0008] The connecting pipe is equipped with a drive assembly that drives the filter cylinder to rotate. Several connecting sleeves are evenly spaced near the top of the filter cylinder. Each connecting sleeve is connected to a pumping mechanism and a flow guiding assembly. One end of the pumping mechanism slides vertically and is elastically connected to the inside of the connecting sleeve. The other end of the pumping mechanism is used to filter and pump out the water in the pit. The flow guiding assembly is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve and is connected between the pumping mechanism and the filter cylinder.

[0009] The bottom of the connecting pipe is connected to a filter screen sleeve. When the filter cylinder drives the flow guiding component to rotate, the flow guiding component can clean the filter screen sleeve. The bottom of the filter cylinder is conical, and several discharge holes communicating with the outside are provided in the bottom side wall of the filter cylinder. The discharge holes are provided with a one-way discharge valve that leads to the outside of the filter cylinder. The bottom of the filter screen sleeve is provided with a pressure component for squeezing impurities.

[0010] The control system can adjust the downward pressure frequency of the pressure component based on the pressure difference between the inside of the hose and the outside of the pumping mechanism, the turbidity of the pit water, and the pumping power of the pump.

[0011] In a further embodiment, the pumping mechanism includes a pumping pipe, a sliding seat is fixedly connected to the pumping pipe, a guide hole is vertically opened on the side wall of the connecting sleeve, the sliding seat slides and is sealed to the guide hole, a spring is connected between the sliding seat and the interior of the connecting sleeve, and a sliding plate is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding seat.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the water pumping pipe is horizontally positioned near the bottom, and multiple filter holes are provided on the horizontal section of the water pumping pipe. An elastic scraper is fixedly installed on the horizontal section of the water pumping pipe, and the end of the elastic scraper near the filter cylinder maintains an angle of 0-30 degrees with the water pumping pipe.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the flow guiding assembly includes a conduit, which is fixedly connected to a connecting sleeve. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to one end of the conduit, and the connecting plate is in contact with a sliding plate. The sliding plate can slide vertically relative to the connecting plate, and the connecting plate and the sliding plate are in communication with each other. A brush head is fixedly connected to the other end of the conduit, and the brush head is in contact with a filter screen sleeve and extends into the filter cartridge.

[0014] In a further embodiment, the pressure assembly includes an electric push rod and a pressure seat. The electric push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filter screen sleeve, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the pressure seat. The lower end of the pressure seat is tapered.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the drive assembly includes a motor, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting pipe, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to a gear, which meshes with the outer wall of the filter cartridge.

[0016] In a further embodiment, the control system includes:

[0017] Data acquisition module: It is used to collect data including the pressure difference between the inside of the hose and the outside of the pumping pipe, the turbidity of the pit water, the pumping power of the pumping pump, and the preset pressing frequency of the electric push rod.

[0018] Data processing module: It is used to normalize the parameters collected by the data acquisition module, input them into the data processing model for calculation, and output the optimized value of the down-voltage frequency.

[0019] Control module: It is used to adjust the electric actuator according to the optimized pressing frequency value output by the data processing module.

[0020] A further proposed solution is a data processing model:

[0021] The basic risk index is obtained by multiplying the square of the differential pressure index, the square of the turbidity index, and the square of the power index by their respective preset positive influence coefficients, summing them, and then taking the square root of the summation result, where the sum of each influence coefficient is 1.

[0022] Calculate the product of the basic risk index and the preset scour efficiency compensation factor, compare the product with 1 and take the smaller value to obtain the adjustment coefficient;

[0023] Multiply the adjustment coefficient by the difference between the upper and lower limits of the preset down-voltage frequency, and add the preset lower limit of the down-voltage frequency to obtain the optimized down-voltage frequency value.

[0024] The differential pressure index is obtained by subtracting the baseline differential pressure from the actual measured differential pressure value and then dividing by the difference between the maximum safe differential pressure and the baseline differential pressure; the turbidity index is obtained by dividing the measured turbidity reading by the upper limit of the maximum range; and the power index is obtained by limiting the difference between the actual power and the minimum power of the water pump to between zero and the difference between the rated power and the minimum power, and then dividing by the difference between the rated power and the minimum power.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] This application achieves dynamic anti-clogging by using the rotation of the filter cylinder to drive the flow guiding component to clean the filter screen, significantly reducing the risk of blockage. The pumping mechanism of this application features vertical sliding and elastic connection, enabling it to adaptively avoid obstacles, effectively preventing mechanical damage and downtime for cleaning. Furthermore, through the synergistic action of the filter cylinder's conical bottom, one-way discharge valve, and pressure component, continuous and controllable automatic slag discharge is achieved, improving slag discharge efficiency and preventing secondary blockage. Most importantly, the control system introduced in this application can intelligently adjust the downward pressure frequency of the pressure component based on real-time parameters such as pressure difference, turbidity, and pumping power. This contrasts sharply with the extensive management methods of existing devices that rely on manual experience, greatly enhancing the adaptability and operational efficiency of the device under complex geological conditions. Therefore, the drainage device of this application demonstrates significant technological progress and innovation in dealing with the complex working conditions of the rock-soil interface in deep subway foundation pits.

[0027] The data processing model provided in this application can accurately quantify the complexity of the foundation pit water environment and intelligently adjust the pressure component's pressing frequency accordingly. This model comprehensively considers multiple parameters, including the pressure difference between the inside of the hose and the outside of the pumping mechanism, the turbidity of the foundation pit water, and the pumping power of the pump. It generates a basic risk index through scientific weighted calculations, thus avoiding the limitations of judging based on a single parameter. This dynamic and adaptive frequency control mechanism allows the pressure component to promptly and effectively squeeze and discharge impurities at the bottom of the filter screen according to changes in actual working conditions, significantly improving slag removal efficiency and effectively preventing filter screen clogging. Simultaneously, by optimizing the pressing frequency, unnecessary frequent actions are avoided, reducing energy consumption and mechanical wear, and extending equipment lifespan. This solution overcomes the problems of untimely slag removal and low efficiency caused by the lack of accurate models in traditional drainage devices under complex conditions at the soil-rock interface, ensuring the continuity and reliability of drainage during deep foundation pit construction in subways.

[0028] This application effectively solves the problems of mechanical jamming, blockage, and poor flushing effect caused by large sand and gravel obstructions in drainage devices during the construction of deep foundation pits in subways at the soil-rock interface. The elastic sliding connection design of the flow guiding component allows the pumping pipe to adaptively move upward when encountering obstructions, avoiding hard collisions and mechanical damage, and significantly improving the operational reliability and service life of the device. At the same time, the dynamic change of the flow area between the pumping pipe and the guide pipe can automatically adjust the flushing pressure on the filter screen according to the actual working conditions, achieving adaptive optimization of the flushing effect. Combined with the active cleaning of the filter screen by the brush head, this solution can continuously and efficiently remove mud and sand impurities from the filter screen, fundamentally preventing blockage and ensuring continuous and stable operation and efficient drainage of the drainage device under complex geological conditions, reducing the frequency and cost of manual cleaning and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter cartridge;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pumping mechanism.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between the pumping mechanism and the flow guiding components;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure assembly.

[0035] In the attached diagram: 1. Connecting pipe; 2. Hose; 3. Filter cartridge; 4. Drive assembly; 41. Motor; 42. Gear; 5. Connecting sleeve; 6. Pumping mechanism; 61. Pumping pipe; 62. Sliding seat; 63. Spring; 64. Slide plate; 65. Elastic scraper; 7. Flow guiding assembly; 71. Guide tube; 72. Connecting plate; 73. Brush head; 8. Filter screen sleeve; 9. Pressure assembly; 91. Electric push rod; 92. Pressure seat; 10. Discharge hole; 11. One-way discharge valve. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0037] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0038] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a construction drainage device for the soil-rock interface of a deep foundation pit in a subway provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a connecting pipe 1. One end of the connecting pipe 1 can be connected to a water pump through a flexible hose 2, and the other end of the connecting pipe 1 is rotatably connected to a filter cylinder 3.

[0039] The connecting pipe 1 is equipped with a drive assembly 4 that drives the filter cylinder 3 to rotate. Several connecting sleeves 5 are evenly spaced near the top of the filter cylinder 3. Each connecting sleeve 5 is connected to a pumping mechanism 6 and a flow guiding assembly 7. One end of the pumping mechanism 6 slides vertically and is elastically connected to the inside of the connecting sleeve 5. The other end of the pumping mechanism 6 is used to filter and pump out the water in the pit. The flow guiding assembly 7 is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 5 and is connected between the pumping mechanism 6 and the filter cylinder 3.

[0040] The bottom of the connecting pipe 1 is connected to a filter screen sleeve 8. When the filter cylinder 3 drives the flow guiding component 7 to rotate, the flow guiding component 7 can clean the filter screen sleeve 8. The bottom of the filter cylinder 3 is conical, and several discharge holes 10 communicating with the outside are provided in the bottom side wall of the filter cylinder 3. The discharge holes 10 are provided with a one-way discharge valve 11 that leads to the outside of the filter cylinder 3. The bottom of the filter screen sleeve 8 is provided with a pressure component 9 for squeezing impurities.

[0041] The control system can adjust the downward pressure frequency of the pressure component 9 based on the pressure difference between the inside of the hose 2 and the outside of the pumping mechanism 6, the turbidity of the pit water, and the pumping power of the pump.

[0042] In this embodiment, the connecting pipe 1 serves as the main channel for water flow, and its connection to the water pump ensures continuous water extraction. The rotating connection of the filter cylinder 3 allows it to rotate around the connecting pipe 1, laying the foundation for subsequent dynamic filtration and cleaning functions. A drive assembly 4 is installed on the connecting pipe 1 to rotate the filter cylinder 3. The function of this drive assembly 4 is to provide rotational power to the filter cylinder 3, enabling its continuous movement. These connecting sleeves 5 provide standardized installation interfaces for the pumping mechanism 6 and the flow guiding assembly 7, ensuring that multiple pumping and cleaning units can be evenly distributed on the circumference of the filter cylinder 3.

[0043] Each connecting sleeve 5 is connected to a pumping mechanism 6 and a flow guiding component 7. This design enables each connecting sleeve 5 to have independent pumping and flow guiding functions, improving the overall drainage efficiency and coverage.

[0044] One end of the pumping mechanism 6 slides vertically and is elastically connected inside the connecting sleeve 5. This design allows the pumping mechanism 6 to move upwards when encountering larger particles of impurities, thus avoiding mechanical jamming or damage, and it can elastically return to its initial position. The other end of the pumping mechanism 6 is used to filter and extract water from the pit. This is the core function of the pumping mechanism 6, ensuring that the water extracted from the pit enters the device after preliminary filtration. The flow guiding assembly 7 not only provides a channel for water flow from the pumping mechanism 6 to the filter cylinder 3, but its fixed connection also allows it to rotate with the filter cylinder 3, thereby cleaning the filter screen sleeve 8.

[0045] The filter sleeve 8 serves as the second filtration barrier in the device, providing a finer filtration of the pre-filtered water flow and preventing fine particles from entering the water pump. When the filter cylinder 3 drives the flow guiding component 7 to rotate, the flow guiding component 7 can clean the filter sleeve 8. This linked cleaning mechanism effectively solves the problem of easy clogging of the filter sleeve 8 and ensures continuous drainage efficiency.

[0046] The bottom of the filter cylinder 3 is conical. This conical bottom structure helps impurities concentrate at the bottom under gravity, facilitating subsequent discharge. The discharge hole 10 provides a discharge channel for the impurities, and the one-way discharge valve 11 ensures that impurities can only be discharged outwards, effectively preventing backflow of external water or discharged impurities and maintaining the cleanliness of the device. The pressure assembly 9 periodically applies pressure to the impurities accumulated at the bottom of the filter screen sleeve 8, compacting and forcibly discharging them to prevent impurities from caking.

[0047] This control system is key to the intelligent operation of the unit. It can dynamically adjust the slag discharge strategy according to real-time operating conditions, improving the adaptability and operational efficiency of the unit. For example, the control system can be a microcontroller-based control unit that collects differential pressure, turbidity, and power data in real time through connected sensors, and adjusts the downward pressure frequency of pressure component 9 according to a preset logic algorithm. As another implementation, the control system can be a programmable logic controller (PLC) that monitors and controls various parameters through programming and outputs control commands based on real-time data.

[0048] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pumping mechanism 6 includes a pumping pipe 61, the pumping pipe 61 is fixedly connected to a sliding seat 62, the side wall of the connecting sleeve 5 is provided with a guide hole along the vertical direction, the sliding seat 62 is slidably and sealedly connected to the guide hole, a spring 63 is connected between the sliding seat 62 and the interior of the connecting sleeve 5, and a sliding plate 64 is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding seat 62.

[0049] In this embodiment, the structure of the pumping mechanism 6 is optimized to enable it to achieve stable, reliable elastic sliding and effective sealing under complex working conditions.

[0050] Specifically, the pumping pipe 61 in the pumping mechanism 6 serves as a water flow channel, and its fixedly connected sliding seat 62 forms a precise sliding fit with the guide hole on the side wall of the connecting sleeve 5. This fit not only ensures the stability of the pumping pipe 61 during vertical movement and prevents lateral swaying, but also effectively prevents impurities such as mud, sand, and fine particles in the pit from seeping into the connecting sleeve 5 through the sliding and sealing connection design, while avoiding water leakage, thereby ensuring the clean operation and pumping efficiency of the pumping mechanism 6.

[0051] When the pumping pipe 61 encounters large sand or foreign objects during the pumping process, the spring 63 connected between the sliding seat 62 and the connecting sleeve 5 provides elastic cushioning. Under the action of external resistance, the pumping pipe 61, together with the sliding seat 62, can slide elastically upward along the guide hole, thereby avoiding damage to the pumping pipe 61 or the filter screen sleeve 8 caused by hard impact. Once the obstruction is removed, the restoring force of the spring 63 will cause the pumping mechanism 6 to automatically return to the preset position, ensuring the continuity of the pumping process.

[0052] Furthermore, the sliding plate 64, fixedly connected to one end of the sliding seat 62, provides a reliable mechanical connection and fluid conduction interface for the pumping mechanism 6 and other components such as the flow guiding assembly 7. This allows the various functional modules of the entire drainage device to work closely together to form an efficient and adaptive drainage system. This structural design enables the pumping mechanism 6 to maintain pumping efficiency while significantly improving its anti-clogging and adaptive avoidance capabilities in complex rock-soil interface environments, effectively solving the problems of insufficient guidance, poor sealing, and easy jamming when encountering large-diameter sand and gravel in traditional devices.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the section of the water pumping pipe 61 near the bottom is horizontally arranged, and the horizontal section of the water pumping pipe 61 is provided with a plurality of filter holes. An elastic scraper 65 is fixedly arranged on the horizontal section of the water pumping pipe 61, and the end of the elastic scraper 65 near the filter cylinder 3 maintains an angle of 0-30 degrees with the water pumping pipe 61.

[0054] In this embodiment, by designing the bottom of the pumping pipe 61 as a horizontal section and setting filter holes and an elastic scraper 65 on this horizontal section, a highly efficient and self-cleaning pumping structure is formed. When the pump is working, water in the pit enters the pumping pipe 61 through the filter holes. Due to the horizontal setting of the pumping pipe 61, the water flow passes through a relatively stable area before entering the filter holes, which is conducive to the initial settling of impurities and reduces the burden on the filter holes. At the same time, the elastic scraper 65 on the horizontal section of the pumping pipe 61 can continuously clean the settled impurities away from the filter cylinder 3 with the water flow or slight vibration of the device, preventing the horizontal section of the pumping pipe 61 from being blocked by accumulated mud and sand. The specific angle maintained between the elastic scraper 65 and the pumping pipe 61 allows the scraper to effectively push the mud and sand impurities outward during the scraping process. This synergistic effect allows the pumping pipe 61 to maintain a highly efficient filtration state for a long time, significantly reducing the risk of clogging.

[0055] like Figure 5As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow guiding component 7 includes a conduit 71, which is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 5. One end of the conduit 71 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 72, which is in contact with a sliding plate 64 and can slide vertically relative to the connecting plate 72. The connecting plate 72 and the sliding plate 64 are in communication with each other. The other end of the conduit 71 is fixedly connected to a brush head 73, which is in contact with the filter screen sleeve 8 and extends into the filter cylinder 3.

[0056] In this embodiment, the flow guiding component 7 is a structure used to guide the fluid path. The fixed connection between the conduit 71 and the connecting sleeve 5 ensures the stability of the positional relationship between the two and the fluid sealing. The mutual conduction between the connecting plate 72 and the sliding plate 64 ensures the continuous transmission of fluid between the pumping mechanism 6 and the flow guiding component 7. This conduction is achieved through the fluid channels opened on the mating surfaces of the connecting plate 72 and the sliding plate 64. When the connecting plate 72 and the sliding plate 64 are mated, these channels can be aligned and form a continuous fluid path.

[0057] The brush head 73 is an actuator used to clean the filter screen sleeve 8. The contact between the brush head 73 and the filter screen sleeve 8 ensures the effectiveness of the cleaning, while its flow into the filter cylinder 3 ensures the effective action of the flushing fluid. The contact between the brush head 73 and the filter screen sleeve can be achieved through the elastic deformation or pre-tightening force of the brush head 73, ensuring that it always maintains contact with the surface of the filter screen sleeve 8.

[0058] The solution proposed in this application achieves adaptive obstacle avoidance and efficient cleaning functions of the pumping mechanism 6 under complex geological conditions through the ingenious design of the flow guiding component 7. Specifically, the guide pipe 71 in the flow guiding component 7 is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 5, ensuring that it rotates synchronously with the filter cartridge 3. One end of the guide pipe 71 forms a vertically sliding conductive connection with the sliding plate 64 of the pumping mechanism 6 through the connecting plate 72. When the pumping pipe 61 encounters large obstacles such as sand and gravel during rotation, it can slide upward elastically under the action of the spring 63, thereby avoiding mechanical jamming or damage caused by hard collision.

[0059] This elastic upward movement not only protects the pumping pipe 61, but more importantly, it alters the fluid flow area between the pumping pipe 61 and the guide pipe 71. This dynamic change in the fluid flow area causes corresponding changes in the fluid pressure and velocity flowing through the guide component 7. When the pumping pipe 61 moves upward, reducing the flow area, the fluid velocity increases, and the scouring pressure on the filter screen 8 increases accordingly; conversely, when the pumping pipe 61 moves downward or is unobstructed, the flow area recovers, and the scouring pressure decreases. This adaptive scouring pressure regulation mechanism allows the device to dynamically adjust the scouring intensity on the filter screen 8 according to actual operating conditions, thus maintaining optimal cleaning performance under varying degrees of clogging risk.

[0060] Meanwhile, a brush head 73 is fixedly connected to the other end of the conduit 71. This brush head 73 fits tightly against the filter screen sleeve 8 and extends into the filter cylinder 3. When the filter cylinder 3 rotates under the drive of the drive component 4, the brush head 73 also rotates, continuously mechanically scraping and cleaning the surface of the filter screen sleeve 8. This combination of active cleaning and adaptive flushing pressure enables the filter screen sleeve 8 to effectively remove attached mud and sand impurities, significantly reducing the risk of clogging and ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the pumping mechanism 6. This solution, combined with the basic pumping mechanism 6 and filter cylinder 3, not only solves the problem of easy clogging and damage at the rock-soil interface of traditional devices, but also significantly improves the adaptability, reliability, and drainage efficiency of the entire drainage device under complex geological conditions through its unique elastic avoidance, dynamic flushing, and active cleaning mechanism.

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure assembly 9 includes an electric push rod 91 and a pressure seat 92. The electric push rod 91 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filter screen sleeve 8, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod 91 is fixedly connected to the pressure seat 92. The lower end of the pressure seat 92 is tapered.

[0062] In this embodiment, the present application constructs an automated and efficient impurity compression mechanism by introducing an electric push rod 91 and a conical pressure seat 92. When impurities accumulate at the bottom of the filter screen sleeve 8, the electric push rod 91 receives a control signal, and its telescopic end drives the pressure seat 92 to move downward. Since the lower end of the pressure seat 92 is conical, it can concentrate the compression force at a point or a small area during the downward pressing process, applying high pressure to the accumulated impurities, thereby effectively breaking and compacting these impurities. This concentrated pressure design allows even larger or harder impurities to be effectively processed.

[0063] The electric push rod 91 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filter screen sleeve 8, ensuring that the squeezing action directly acts on the core area where impurities accumulate, preventing impurities from caking at the bottom of the filter screen sleeve 8. The telescopic movement of the pressure seat 92 not only provides adjustable pressure application, making it adaptable to different types and quantities of impurities, but its conical structure also acts as a guide during squeezing, directing the crushed impurities to the discharge hole 10 at the bottom of the filter cylinder 3.

[0064] In combination with the above scheme, when the bottom of the filter cylinder 3 is equipped with a discharge hole 10 and a one-way discharge valve 11, the compacted and crushed impurities can be pushed more smoothly through the discharge hole 10 by the pressure seat 92 and discharged outside the filter cylinder 3 through the one-way discharge valve 11. The one-way discharge valve 11 ensures that external water will not flow back after the impurities are discharged. This automated and controllable extrusion slag discharge mechanism significantly improves the anti-clogging ability and continuous operation efficiency of the drainage device under complex rock and soil interface conditions, and effectively solves the problems of low efficiency and difficulty in adapting to dynamic working conditions of traditional slag discharge methods.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drive assembly 4 includes a motor 41, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting pipe 1. The output shaft of the motor 41 is fixedly connected to a gear 42, which meshes with the outer wall of the filter cartridge 3.

[0066] In this embodiment, the solution of this application ensures the stable installation of the drive source by fixing the motor 41 to the outer wall of the connecting pipe 1. The output shaft of the motor 41 is directly fixedly connected to the gear 42, forming a compact and efficient power transmission unit. The gear 42 meshes with the outer wall of the filter cylinder 3, thereby directly and reliably transmitting the rotational power generated by the motor 41 to the filter cylinder 3. Compared with friction transmission or indirect linkage transmission, this direct gear meshing transmission method can effectively avoid slippage, jamming, or efficiency loss during power transmission, ensuring that the filter cylinder 3 can rotate continuously and stably. The stable rotation of the filter cylinder 3 further ensures that the above-mentioned flow guiding component 7 can effectively clean the filter screen sleeve 8, preventing it from clogging, and also facilitates the smooth discharge of impurities by the one-way discharge valve 11 at the bottom of the filter cylinder 3 during rotation. Therefore, this drive mechanism provides a solid and reliable power foundation for the anti-clogging and slag discharge functions of the entire drainage device.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control system includes:

[0068] Data acquisition module: It is used to collect data including the pressure difference between the inside of the hose 2 and the outside of the pumping mechanism 6, the turbidity of the pit water, the pumping power of the pump, and the preset pressing frequency of the electric push rod 91.

[0069] Data processing module: It is used to normalize the parameters collected by the data acquisition module, input them into the data processing model for calculation, and output the optimized value of the down-voltage frequency.

[0070] Control module: It is used to adjust the electric actuator 91 according to the optimized pressing frequency output by the data processing module.

[0071] In this embodiment, the data acquisition module is a unit used to acquire system operating status parameters. This module can consist of a series of sensors, such as a differential pressure sensor for measuring the pressure difference between the inside of the hose 2 and the outside of the pumping mechanism 6, a turbidity sensor for detecting the turbidity of the pit water, and a power sensor for monitoring the pumping power of the pump. These sensors convert physical quantities into electrical signals, and then convert the analog signals into digital signals via an analog-to-digital converter for subsequent processing. Furthermore, the data acquisition module can also acquire parameters such as the preset pressing frequency of the electric push rod 91 through a communication interface.

[0072] The data processing module is a unit used for analyzing, calculating, and making decisions based on the acquired data. This module can be an embedded microcontroller, a digital signal processor, or an industrial-grade programmable logic controller (PLC). Its core function is to normalize the raw data acquired by the data acquisition module to eliminate the influence of different dimensions and ranges on the calculation results, ensuring data consistency and comparability. Subsequently, the normalized parameters are substituted into a preset data processing model for calculation, thereby obtaining the optimized value of the pressing frequency of the pressure component 9 (specifically, the electric push rod 91).

[0073] The control module is a unit that issues commands based on the calculation results of the data processing module to drive the actuator to perform actions. This module can be a motor driver, a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller, or a relay control circuit. It receives the optimized pressure frequency value output by the data processing module and converts it into a control signal that the electric actuator 91 can recognize and execute, thereby precisely adjusting the extension and retraction frequency of the electric actuator 91 and realizing dynamic control of the pressure component 9.

[0074] This application's solution, through modular design, achieves intelligent control of the pressure component 9's pressing frequency in the drainage device for the soil-rock interface construction of deep foundation pits in subways. The data acquisition module acquires key operating parameters in real-time and comprehensively, including the pressure difference between the inside of the hose 2 and the outside of the pumping mechanism 6, the turbidity of the foundation pit water, the pumping power of the pump, and the preset pressing frequency of the electric actuator 91, providing an accurate data foundation for subsequent intelligent decision-making. The data processing module normalizes these multi-dimensional parameters and substitutes them into a preset data processing model for calculation, thereby scientifically and objectively generating optimized pressing frequency values, avoiding the subjectivity and lag of traditional manual experience-based judgment. The control module then precisely adjusts the pressing frequency of the electric actuator 91 based on the optimized values, enabling the pressure component 9 to dynamically adjust the squeezing frequency of impurities at the bottom of the filter screen 8 according to real-time operating conditions such as foundation pit water quality and drainage load. This intelligent dynamic control mechanism enables the pressure component 9 to more effectively remove mud and sand impurities from the filter screen 8, preventing blockage and thus significantly improving the adaptability and drainage efficiency of the entire drainage device under complex rock and soil interface conditions, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the pumping mechanism 6.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data processing model is as follows:

[0076] ,

[0077] in This is the pressure difference influence coefficient. The turbidity influence coefficient is... The power influence coefficient, ,and , as well as All are positive numbers. The differential pressure index, Turbidity index Power index, Basic risk index, The lower limit of the set down-voltage frequency, As a flushing efficiency compensation factor, 0 , The upper limit of the set down-voltage frequency, This is the optimized value for the down-voltage frequency.

[0078] The differential pressure index is obtained by measuring the pressure difference between the inside of the hose 2 and the outside of the pumping pipe 61, subtracting the base differential pressure from the actual measured differential pressure value, and then dividing by the difference between the maximum safe differential pressure and the base differential pressure to obtain a preliminary ratio. If the ratio is greater than one, it is uniformly set to one; if the ratio is less than zero, it is uniformly set to zero.

[0079] The turbidity index is obtained by: real-time detection of the suspended particulate matter concentration in the foundation pit water to obtain the actual turbidity reading, dividing the actual turbidity reading directly by the upper limit of the maximum range to obtain a ratio; similarly, if the ratio is greater than one, it is set to one; the final value obtained is between zero and one.

[0080] The power index is obtained by subtracting the minimum power from the actual power of the water pump, and then dividing by the difference between the rated power and the minimum power to get a ratio. If the ratio is greater than one, it is set to one; the final value is between zero and one.

[0081] In this embodiment, the data processing model aims to intelligently calculate the optimized pressing frequency value of pressure component 9 by quantifying the impact of multiple key operating parameters on system performance. Its function is to transform complex environmental factors and equipment status into operable control commands to achieve precise control over impurity compression and discharge. This model can be constructed based on mathematical formulas, algorithms, or machine learning methods; for example, a multiple linear regression model, a neural network model, or a fuzzy logic control model can be used to process input data and output control parameters. Basic Risk Index The calculation formula is used to comprehensively assess the risk level of the current working condition.

[0082] in , as well as These are the pressure difference influence coefficient, turbidity influence coefficient, and power influence coefficient, respectively. They reflect the relative importance of each parameter to system blockage or operational abnormalities. , as well as The sum is 1, and all values ​​are positive, ensuring the comprehensiveness and rationality of the risk assessment. , as well as The initial values ​​can be preset based on production experience or using regression analysis based on experimental data. Specifically, before actual construction, multiple sets of pressure differential, turbidity, and power data, along with corresponding blockage event records, are obtained through on-site tests. The probability of blockage occurrence or cleaning frequency is used as the dependent variable, and pressure differential, turbidity, and power are used as independent variables. Multiple linear regression or logistic regression analysis is then performed, and the normalized results of the regression coefficients are used as the... , as well as The values ​​of these parameters are determined. Furthermore, during device operation, the control system can record the correlation between changes in each parameter and the effects of pressure component 9 after depressurization (such as the magnitude of pressure differential reduction and the rate of turbidity decrease). Online optimization is achieved through machine learning algorithms (such as gradient descent). , as well as The value of .

[0083] The differential pressure index, Turbidity index These are power indices, which, through standardization, unify physical quantities with different dimensions into a range of 0 to 1, facilitating comprehensive calculations in the model. The formula can be constructed using various methods such as weighted average, principal component analysis, or analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to ensure accurate quantification of risk.

[0084] Optimized down-voltage frequency value The calculation formula is used based on the basic risk index. The downward pressure frequency of pressure component 9 is dynamically adjusted. and Minimum and maximum limits for the down-pressure frequency were set to ensure that the equipment operates within a safe and effective operating range.

[0085] It is a flushing efficiency compensation factor used to fine-tune the impact of the risk index on the frequency, in order to adapt to different slag discharge requirements or equipment characteristics. The value of η can be determined based on production experience or by looking up tables based on mud characteristics. Specifically, the table-lookup method based on mud characteristics involves pre-determining the slag discharge efficiency under different pressure differentials through laboratory tests, based on mud characteristics under different geological conditions (such as clay content, sand particle size distribution, and water content), and establishing a table corresponding to the formation type and pressure differential level. The control system initially determines the formation type based on real-time collected turbidity data and then determines the value by looking up the pressure differential index in a table. Furthermore, after the device is officially put into operation, the control system continuously collects operating data and periodically (such as weekly) reviews and optimizes the parameters. When conditions permit, an adaptive algorithm can be used to achieve dynamic updates of the parameters.

[0086] The function ensures that the calculated frequency will not exceed the set upper limit, while guaranteeing the dynamic adjustability of the frequency. This formula can be implemented using linear interpolation, piecewise functions, or nonlinear mapping to provide flexible frequency adjustment strategies.

[0087] Differential pressure index The method of obtaining the differential pressure is designed to convert the actual differential pressure change into a standardized, dimensionless index to reflect the potential risk of blockage in the pumping system. The base differential pressure can be set as the average differential pressure during normal system operation, and the maximum safe differential pressure can be set as the maximum allowable differential pressure value of the system. Differential pressure measurement can be achieved using pressure sensors installed inside the hose 2 and outside the pumping pipe 61, for example, piezoresistive or capacitive pressure sensors can be used for real-time monitoring.

[0088] Turbidity Index The method of obtaining the turbidity data aims to convert water turbidity into a standardized index to reflect the impact of impurities in the pit water on the clogging of the filtration system. The maximum range can be set to the maximum value that the turbidity sensor can measure. Turbidity can be detected using optical or ultrasonic turbidity sensors; for example, sensors based on the principles of transmitted light or scattered light can be used for real-time measurement.

[0089] Power Index The method for obtaining this data aims to convert the operating load of the water pump into a standardized index to reflect the pump's operating status and potential overload risk. The minimum power can be set to the power of the pump under no-load or light-load conditions, while the rated power is the design power of the pump during normal operation. The actual power of the water pump can be calculated by measuring it with current and voltage sensors; for example, a Hall effect current sensor and a voltage divider resistor-type voltage sensor can be used for real-time monitoring.

[0090] This application's solution achieves intelligent control of the pressure component 9's downward pressure frequency in the drainage device for the soil-rock interface construction of a deep foundation pit in a subway system by establishing a refined data processing model. The model first acquires real-time operating parameters such as the pressure difference between the inside of the hose 2 and the outside of the pumping mechanism 6, the turbidity of the foundation pit water, and the pumping power of the pump through a data acquisition module. These raw data are then sent to the data processing module for standardization, generating pressure difference index, turbidity index, and power index.

[0091] Specifically, the pressure difference index is obtained by measuring the pressure difference between the inside of hose 2 and the outside of pumping pipe 61 and then normalizing it, reflecting the resistance changes within the pumping system; the turbidity index is obtained by real-time monitoring of the suspended particulate matter concentration in the pit water and then normalizing it, characterizing the impurity content in the water; and the power index is obtained by monitoring the actual power of the pump and then normalizing it, reflecting the pump's workload. After obtaining these standardized indices, the data processing model calculates the basic risk index using a pre-defined weighted sum of squares formula. This formula comprehensively considers the contributions of pressure difference, turbidity, and power to the system's blockage risk, using influence coefficients. , as well as By assigning appropriate weights to different parameters, the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the risk assessment are ensured. For example, when the pressure difference increases significantly, the turbidity of the water increases, or the power of the water pump is too high, the basic risk index... This will increase accordingly, indicating a higher risk of congestion in the system. Subsequently, the model uses the calculated baseline risk index... Combined with the set lower limit value of the down-voltage frequency Upper limit and flushing efficiency compensation factor The optimized value of the downward pressure frequency of pressure component 9 is calculated using a specific formula. This optimized value can dynamically respond to the risk level of the current operating condition; for example, when the risk index... At higher levels, the calculated downward frequency This will correspondingly increase the pressure, causing the pressure component 9 to more frequently squeeze the impurities at the bottom of the filter screen 8, thereby enhancing the slag removal effect and effectively alleviating clogging. Conversely, when the risk index... At lower frequencies This will reduce energy consumption and mechanical wear. Ultimately, the control module optimizes the voltage reduction frequency based on the output of the data processing module. The precise control of the downward pressure frequency of the electric actuator 91 allows it to intelligently adjust the squeezing and discharge of impurities based on real-time changes in the pit's water environment. This effectively solves the problems of inaccurate calculations, inability to adapt to dynamic changes, and reduced slag removal and anti-clogging capabilities caused by the lack of specific model definition in traditional drainage devices under complex conditions at the soil-rock interface. This intelligent control mechanism enables the entire drainage system to adaptively cope with complex construction environments, significantly improving drainage efficiency and system reliability.

[0092] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drainage device for construction at the interface of soil and rock in a deep foundation pit of a subway, comprising a connecting pipe (1), one end of which is connected to a water pump via a flexible hose (2), characterized in that, The other end of the connecting pipe (1) is rotatably connected to a filter cylinder (3); The connecting pipe (1) is provided with a drive assembly (4) that drives the filter cylinder (3) to rotate. The filter cylinder (3) is provided with several connecting sleeves (5) at equal intervals near the top. Each connecting sleeve (5) is connected to a pumping mechanism (6) and a flow guiding assembly (7). One end of the pumping mechanism (6) slides vertically and is elastically connected to the inside of the connecting sleeve (5). The other end of the pumping mechanism (6) is used to filter and pump out the water in the pit. The flow guiding assembly (7) is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve (5) and the flow guiding assembly (7) is connected between the pumping mechanism (6) and the filter cylinder (3). The bottom of the connecting pipe (1) is connected to a filter screen sleeve (8). When the filter cylinder (3) drives the flow guiding component (7) to rotate, the flow guiding component (7) can clean the filter screen sleeve (8). The bottom of the filter cylinder (3) is conical, and several discharge holes (10) communicating with the outside are provided in the bottom side wall of the filter cylinder (3). The discharge holes (10) are provided with a one-way discharge valve (11) that unidirectionally guides the filter cylinder (3) to the outside. The bottom of the filter screen sleeve (8) is provided with a pressure component (9) for squeezing impurities. The pumping mechanism (6) includes a pumping pipe (61), a sliding seat (62) is fixedly connected to the pumping pipe (61), a guide hole is provided on the side wall of the connecting sleeve (5) in the vertical direction, the sliding seat (62) slides and seals with the guide hole, a spring (63) is connected between the sliding seat (62) and the inside of the connecting sleeve (5), and a sliding plate (64) is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding seat (62). The control system can adjust the pressure component (9) down-pressure frequency according to the pressure difference between the inside of the hose (2) and the outside of the pumping pipe (61), the turbidity of the pit water, and the pumping power of the pumping pump.

2. The drainage device for the construction of a deep foundation pit in a subway system at the interface of soil and rock as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water pumping pipe (61) is horizontally positioned near the bottom, and the horizontal section of the water pumping pipe (61) is provided with multiple filter holes. An elastic scraper (65) is fixedly installed on the horizontal section of the water pumping pipe (61), and the end of the elastic scraper (65) near the filter cylinder (3) maintains an angle of 0-30 degrees with the water pumping pipe (61).

3. The drainage device for the construction of a deep foundation pit in a subway system at the interface of soil and rock, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... The flow guiding assembly (7) includes a conduit (71), which is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve (5). One end of the conduit (71) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (72), which is in contact with a sliding plate (64) and the sliding plate (64) can slide vertically relative to the connecting plate (72). The connecting plate (72) and the sliding plate (64) are in communication with each other. The other end of the conduit (71) is fixedly connected to a brush head (73), which is in contact with the filter screen sleeve (8) and the brush head (73) is in communication with the inside of the filter cylinder (3).

4. The drainage device for the construction of a deep foundation pit in a subway system at the interface of soil and rock as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure assembly (9) includes an electric push rod (91) and a pressure seat (92). The electric push rod (91) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filter screen sleeve (8). The telescopic end of the electric push rod (91) is fixedly connected to the pressure seat (92). The lower end of the pressure seat (92) is tapered.

5. The drainage device for the construction of a deep foundation pit in a subway system at the interface of soil and rock, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The drive assembly (4) includes a motor (41), which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting pipe (1). The output shaft of the motor (41) is fixedly connected to a gear (42), which meshes with the outer wall of the filter cartridge (3).

6. The drainage device for the construction of a deep foundation pit in a subway system at the interface of soil and rock, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The control system includes: Data acquisition module: It is used to collect the pressure difference between the inside of the hose (2) and the outside of the pumping pipe (61), the turbidity of the pit water, the pumping power of the pumping pump, and the preset pressing frequency of the electric push rod (91). Data processing module: It is used to normalize the parameters collected by the data acquisition module, input them into the data processing model for calculation, and output the optimized value of the down-voltage frequency. Control module: It is used to adjust the electric push rod (91) according to the pressure frequency optimization value output by the data processing module.

7. The drainage device for the construction of a deep foundation pit in a subway system at the interface of soil and rock as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The data processing model is as follows: The basic risk index is obtained by multiplying the square of the differential pressure index, the square of the turbidity index, and the square of the power index by their respective preset positive influence coefficients, summing them, and then taking the square root of the summation result, where the sum of each influence coefficient is 1. Calculate the product of the basic risk index and the preset scour efficiency compensation factor, compare the product with 1 and take the smaller value to obtain the adjustment coefficient; Multiply the adjustment coefficient by the difference between the upper and lower limits of the preset down-voltage frequency, and add the preset lower limit of the down-voltage frequency to obtain the optimized down-voltage frequency value. Among them, the differential pressure index is obtained by subtracting the baseline differential pressure from the actual measured differential pressure value and then dividing by the difference between the maximum safe differential pressure and the baseline differential pressure; the turbidity index is obtained by dividing the measured turbidity reading by the upper limit of the maximum range. The power index is obtained by limiting the difference between the actual power and the minimum power of the water pump to between zero and the difference between the rated power and the minimum power, and then dividing by the difference between the rated power and the minimum power.

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