Downward large drift stope structure with combined regular polygon cross section and stoping process

Abstract

According to the downward large drift stope structure with the combined regular polygon cross section and the downward large drift stope structure with the combined regular polygon cross section in the stoping process, an ore body is divided into a plurality of combined regular polygon units on the vertical height of a stope; according to the combined regular polygon units, the section structure of the downward large-drift stope in the downward drift method is set to be regular quadrangles and regular octagons which are staggered in order, the adjacent stopes are engaged with each other to form a seamless plane structure so as to achieve the spatial complementarity of the structure, medium-length holes are formed in the regular octagons so as to achieve ore breaking, and the large-drift stope is formed in the middle of the regular octagons. The regular quadrangle is the cross section of the rock drilling roadway, and the regular octagon is the arrangement area of upward fan-shaped medium-length holes, so that the space structure stability of the stope can be greatly improved, the stope production capacity of the drift method stope can be greatly improved, and safe, efficient and low-cost ore breaking is realized; the stoping process for the stope structure comprises four steps and conditions, and has the advantages that the problems that a traditional drift filling method is low in stope production capacity and poor in stope structure stability can be solved, and safe, efficient and low-cost mining can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a downward large-path stope structure and mining process with a combined regular polygonal cross section. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, numerous extremely fractured ore bodies exist in both domestic and international metal and non-metal mines. How to safely, efficiently, and cost-effectively mine such ore bodies is a global industry challenge. When these ore bodies are mined using conventional mining methods and stope structures, they continuously collapse once exposed. Furthermore, stope recovery faces high safety risks, low production capacity, high mining costs, and the risk of overall collapse of adjacent backfill bodies. Currently, for these extremely fractured and difficult-to-mine ore bodies, if the ore grade is low, conventional mining methods cannot achieve mining profits and are therefore considered unprofitable, leading to a significant waste of mineral resources. If the ore grade is high, the downward-entry cemented backfill mining method is commonly used both domestically and internationally. While this method has lower loss indicators, the costs of mining, support, and backfilling are extremely high.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, several publications have been made: CN114592868B "Ore Mining Structure and Method under Extremely Fragmented Ore Body Conditions," which focuses on the construction of artificial false roofs and employs a segmented mining method. However, due to the extreme fragmentation of the ore body, difficulties arise during stope mining, including drilling, charging, and high collapse rates, resulting in generally low stope production capacity and an inability to safely, efficiently, and cost-effectively mine extremely fragmented ore bodies under false roofs; CN 111997617B "A Sectional Upward Layered Filling Mining Method for Medium-Thick Steeply Inclined Extremely Fragmented Ore Bodies," which uses isolation walls to divide the stope into sections and employs long anchor cables for roof pre-support. However, the long anchor cable support is relatively ineffective in extremely fragmented ore bodies, failing to effectively control the roof. Workers operating under the roof face poor safety, and the isolation walls within the extremely fragmented ore body cannot effectively support the roof. Furthermore, segmented mining results in low production capacity and high mining costs; CN 102606159 B, "Frame-type Artificial False Roof Downward Segmented Cemented Backfilling Method for Medium-Thick Steeply Inclined Fractured Ore Bodies," describes a technique that constructs an artificial false roof and uses downward segmented cemented backfilling to mine extremely fractured ore bodies. This technique utilizes traditional cuboid stope structures, but the upper backfilling section poses a large-scale risk of landslides during downward segmented mining, resulting in poor spatial stability of the mining unit. CN117127978A, "A Staged Opening Subsequent Backfilling Mining Method Applicable to Extremely Fractured Ore Bodies," also describes a technique that constructs an artificial false roof and uses natural caving and induced caving techniques to mine extremely fractured ore bodies. However, the induced caving holes in this scheme cannot be precisely constructed, leading to potential side-hanging and overhanging ore in the stope. Furthermore, the backfilling at the top of the stope has poor stability, posing a risk of overall landslides, resulting in significant risks to personnel and equipment operations. The stope size cannot be controlled, leading to high stope loss and dilution rates, unreliable resource recovery, and numerous uncontrollable factors.

[0004] In summary, for extremely fragmented ore bodies, existing technologies cannot guarantee the stability of the stope roof and sidewalls. There are many uncontrollable factors, making it impossible to truly achieve safe, efficient, and low-cost mining.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a downward large-path mining structure and mining technology with a combined regular polygonal cross section. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The objective of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a downward large-path stope structure and mining process with a combination of regular polygonal cross sections. This can solve the problems of low production capacity and poor structural stability of traditional approach filling stopes, and can also achieve safe, efficient and low-cost mining.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] The downward-facing large-path stope structure with combined regular polygonal cross-sections divides the ore body into multiple combined regular polygonal units along the vertical height of the stope. These combined regular polygonal units set the cross-sectional structure of the downward-facing large-path stope as a series of alternating regular quadrilaterals and regular octagons, with adjacent stops interlocking to form a seamless planar structure, thereby achieving spatial complementarity of the structure. Medium-deep holes are opened in the regular octagons for ore extraction, the regular quadrilaterals serve as the cross-sections for rock drilling roadways, and the regular octagons are the areas for the arrangement of upward-facing fan-shaped medium-deep holes. This not only greatly improves the stability of the stope's spatial structure but also greatly enhances the stope's production capacity using the approach method, thus achieving safe, efficient, and low-cost ore extraction.

[0009] The mining process used for the aforementioned stope structure includes the following process steps and conditions:

[0010] S1. Spatial division of combined polygonal mining areas: The ore body is divided into multiple combined regular polygonal mining units in vertical height. The cross-section of the combined regular polygon is composed of two cross-sectional shapes: regular quadrilateral and regular octagon. The external layered transport roadway is connected to the drilling and ore extraction roadway of each mining unit through the layered connecting roadway.

[0011] S2. Construction of regular polygonal rock drilling tunnel: Construct upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes in a regular quadrilateral rock drilling and mining tunnel. The upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes are arranged in a regular octagonal structural unit.

[0012] S3. Ore extraction by drilling and blasting in a regular octagonal stope: blasting is carried out by charging explosives in an upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole. The loader transports the collapsed ore through the layered connecting roadway and the layered transport roadway and dumps it into the ore truck until all the ore in the entire stope unit is shoveled out of the stope.

[0013] S4. Combined regular polygonal stope filling: After the goaf is sealed, high-strength filling material is used to fill the combined regular polygonal stope unit to ensure that the filling is connected to the roof.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the innovative points, advantages or effects of this invention are as follows:

[0015] (1) By utilizing the interlocking property between the combined regular polygonal units, the spatial structure of the entire ore body mining is stabilized, ensuring the operational safety of the downward approach filling method.

[0016] (2) The application of the medium-deep hole ore-cutting technology to the down-pass backfilling mining industry has broken through the bottleneck of low production capacity of traditional access mining sites, and achieved efficient and low-cost mining of extremely broken ore bodies;

[0017] (3) Combining the stability of the combined regular polygonal unit structure and the medium-deep hole ore-cutting process, the downward approach method can give full play to the advantages of the segmented open field method, while retaining the high safety of the downward approach method, thus pioneering the application of the medium-deep hole ore-cutting process in downward approach filling mining. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A plan view of a downward large-path mining structure unit with a combined regular polygonal cross section is provided according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The above is a front view of the downward large-path mining area with a combined regular polygonal cross section.

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The image shows a side view of the downward-facing large-path mining area with a combined regular polygonal cross-section.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the ore extraction structure at the bottom of the downward-facing large-entry mining area, with a combined regular polygonal cross-section.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the middle part of the downward large-path mining area with the combined regular polygonal cross section shown.

[0023] Figure 6 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the mining process for a downward large-path mining structure with a combination of regular polygonal cross sections.

[0024] The symbols in the attached diagram represent:

[0025] A. Regular square B. Regular octagon 1. Layered transport roadway along the vein 2. Layered connecting roadway 3. Regular square drilling and ore extraction roadway 4. Regular octagonal stope 5. Upward fan-shaped medium-deep borehole 6. Collapsed ore 7. Filling body 8. Ore body

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0027] like Figures 1-6As shown, the downward-facing large-path stope structure with combined regular polygonal cross-sections divides the ore body into multiple combined regular polygonal units along the vertical height of the stope. These combined regular polygonal units set the downward-facing large-path stope cross-section structure as regular quadrilaterals A and regular octagons B interlocking in an orderly manner, with adjacent stops interlocking to form a seamless planar structure, thereby achieving spatial complementarity of the structure. Medium-deep holes are opened in regular octagon B for ore extraction. Regular quadrilateral A is the cross-section of the rock drilling roadway 3, and regular octagon B is the area for the arrangement of upward-facing fan-shaped medium-deep holes. This can greatly improve the stability of the stope spatial structure and greatly improve the stope production capacity of the approach method stope, thereby achieving safe, efficient, and low-cost ore extraction.

[0028] The mining structure of the present invention is further characterized by:

[0029] The cross-sectional structure of the mining area includes a layered transport roadway 1, a layered connecting roadway 2, a square-shaped rock drilling and ore extraction roadway 3, an octagonal mining area 4, an upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole 5, a collapsed ore 6, a backfill body 7, and an ore body 8.

[0030] The mining process for the aforementioned stope cross-section structure includes the following process steps and conditions:

[0031] S1. Spatial division of combined polygonal mining areas: The ore body 8 is divided into multiple combined regular polygonal mining units in vertical height. The combined regular polygonal cross section is composed of two cross section shapes: regular quadrilateral A and regular octagon B. The external layered transport roadway 1 is connected to the drilling and ore extraction roadway 3 of each mining unit through the layered connecting roadway 2.

[0032] S2. Construction of regular polygonal rock drilling tunnel: Construct upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes 5 in the regular quadrilateral rock drilling and mining tunnel 3. The upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes 5 are arranged in the regular octagonal B structural unit.

[0033] S3. Ore extraction by drilling and blasting in a regular octagonal stope: blasting is carried out by charging explosives in the upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes 5. The loader transports the collapsed ore 6 out through the layered connecting roadway 2 and the layered transport roadway 1 and dumps it into the ore truck until all the ore in the entire stope unit is shoveled out of the stope.

[0034] S4. Combined regular polygonal stope filling: After the goaf is sealed, high-strength filling body 7 is used to fill the combined regular polygonal stope unit to ensure that the filling is connected to the roof.

[0035] The process of the present invention can be further described as follows:

[0036] The mining area is mined in layers from top to bottom. The next layer of the access mining area must be filled and cured in the previous layer of the access mining area before it can be mined. After the access mining area is filled and cured, the strength of the filling body 7 after 14 days of curing shall not be less than 3.5 MPa.

[0037] The height of the mining area is 10~30m, and the side length of the regular quadrilateral A is equal to the side length of the regular octagon B, both of which are 3~8m.

[0038] Example

[0039] A mining company's metal mine, primarily producing gold and copper, plans to mine an ore body at an elevation of -830m to -890m. This ore-bearing fault fracture zone has a strike length of 200-300m, an average thickness of 15-20m, and a dip angle of 80°-90°. It is a steeply dipping, thick, and extremely fractured ore body. The challenge lies in addressing difficulties such as poor worker and equipment safety during mining, low stope productivity, high mining costs, and the risk of overall collapse of the overlying backfill. The solution involves utilizing the interlocking structure of regular polygonal blocks to achieve structural stability and applying medium-deep hole quarrying techniques to downward-entry backfilling mining.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figures 1-6 As shown, the downward-facing large-access stope structure and mining technology of the combined regular polygon cross-section are illustrated. The stope cross-section structure includes: layered haulage roadway 1, layered connecting roadway 2, regular quadrilateral drilling and ore extraction roadway 3, regular octagonal stope 4, upward-facing fan-shaped medium-deep borehole 5, caving ore 6, backfill 7, and ore body 8. The mining technology using the stope cross-section structure includes the following steps: Step 1: Dividing the ore body 8 vertically into multiple combined regular polygon stope units. The combined regular polygon cross-section is composed of two cross-sectional shapes: regular quadrilateral A and regular octagonal B. The layered haulage roadway 1 outside the vein is connected to the drilling and ore extraction roadway 3 of each stope unit through the layered connecting roadway 2; Step 2: In the regular quadrilateral... Step 3: Construct upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes 5 within the rock drilling and ore extraction roadway 3, which are arranged within a regular octagonal structural unit; Step 4: Detonate explosives within the upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes 5, and use a loader to transport the collapsed ore 6 through the layered connecting roadway 2 and the layered transport roadway 1, dumping it into ore trucks, until all the ore in the entire mining unit is shoveled out of the mining area; Step 5: After sealing the goaf, use high-strength backfill 7 to fill the combined regular polygonal mining unit, ensuring that the backfill reaches the roof, thus achieving safe, efficient, and low-cost ore extraction, providing technical support for the promotion and application of the large-advance downward backfill mining technology in extremely fractured and difficult-to-mine bodies.

[0041] As described above, the present invention can be well implemented. The above embodiments are only the best implementations of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be considered equivalent substitutions and are all included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downward-facing large-access mining structure with a combined regular polygonal cross-section, characterized in that... The ore body is divided into multiple combined regular polygon units along the vertical height of the mining area. These combined regular polygon units set the cross-sectional structure of the downward large-path mining area as regular quadrilaterals (A) and regular octagons (B) in an orderly alternation, with adjacent mining areas interlocking to form a seamless planar structure, so as to achieve the spatial complementarity of the structure. Medium-deep holes are opened in the regular octagons (B) for ore extraction. The regular quadrilaterals (A) are the cross-section of the rock drilling roadway (3), and the regular octagons (B) are the arrangement area of ​​the upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes. This can greatly improve the stability of the mining area spatial structure and greatly improve the mining production capacity of the approach mining area, thereby achieving safe, efficient and low-cost ore extraction.

2. The mining area structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional structure of the mining area includes layered transport roadways (1), layered connecting roadways (2), a square-shaped rock drilling and ore extraction roadway (3), an octagonal mining area (4), an upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole (5), collapsed ore (6), filling body (7), and ore body (8).

3. A mining process for the aforementioned mining structure, characterized in that... The process steps and conditions include the following: S1. Spatial division of combined polygonal mining areas: The ore body (8) is divided into multiple combined regular polygonal mining units in vertical height. The cross-section of the combined regular polygonal is composed of two cross-sectional shapes: a regular quadrilateral (A) and a regular octagon (B). The external layered transport roadway (1) is connected to the drilling and ore extraction roadway (3) of each mining unit through the layered connecting roadway (2). S2. Construction of regular polygonal rock drilling tunnel: Construct upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes (5) in the regular quadrilateral rock drilling and mining tunnel (3), and arrange the upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes (5) in the regular octagonal (B) structural unit; S3. Ore extraction by rock drilling and blasting in a regular octagonal stope: blasting is carried out in the upper fan-shaped medium-deep hole (5) with explosives. The shovel loader transports the collapsed ore (6) out through the layered connecting roadway (2) and the layered transport roadway (1) and dumps it into the ore truck until all the ore in the entire stope unit is shoveled out of the stope. S4. Filling of combined regular polygonal stopes: After the goaf is sealed, high-strength filling body (7) is used to fill the combined regular polygonal stope unit to ensure that the filling is connected to the roof.

4. The longwall mining process according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mining area is mined in layers from top to bottom. The next layer of the access mining area must be filled and cured in the previous layer of the access mining area before it can be mined. After the access mining area is filled and cured, the strength of the filling body (7) after 14 days of curing shall not be less than 3.5 MPa.

5. The mining process according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The height of the mining area is 10~30m. The side length of the regular quadrilateral (A) is equal to the side length of the regular octagon (B), both of which are 3~8m.

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