Monitoring and regulation and control system for restoration of caragana microphylla artificial forest in high and cold sand area

Abstract

The invention discloses a monitoring and regulation system for restoration of a caragana microphylla artificial forest in a high and cold sand area, and relates to the technical field of artificial forest monitoring, the system comprises a monitoring module, a control analysis module and an execution module; the monitoring module is used for acquiring a plurality of underground ecological indexes of a measured area of the caragana microphylla artificial forest; the control analysis module is used for judging a system state based on the plurality of underground ecological indexes and a plurality of preset recovery stage thresholds, and generating a regulation and control instruction based on the system state; the execution module is used for executing the regulation and control instruction. According to the invention, in-situ, real-time and continuous monitoring of key physicochemical and biological indexes of forest underground soil can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of plantation monitoring technology, and in particular to a monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas. Background Technology

[0002] Establishing artificial forests, primarily composed of Caragana korshinskii, in high-altitude, sandy areas is a crucial means of combating desertification. Currently, the management of such ecological restoration projects largely relies on regular manual inspections and experience-based judgment, which has the following drawbacks: 1. Lagging and incomplete monitoring: Manual surveys are time-consuming and costly, making it impossible to obtain key underground ecological indicators such as soil moisture, nutrients, and microbial activity in real-time and continuously, thus hindering a comprehensive understanding of the system's state. 2. Extensive management: Maintenance measures such as watering and fertilization lack precise data support, often employing a "one-size-fits-all" approach that fails to meet the differentiated needs of different restoration stages (e.g., initial planting, rapid mid-term recovery, and late-term stabilization), easily leading to resource waste or ineffective measures. 3. Neglecting critical window periods: Studies have found that Caragana korshinskii artificial forests reach a critical turning point in community structure, soil function, and microbial activity after approximately 35 years of restoration. Traditional management methods cannot identify and respond to such dynamic "ecological windows," missing the optimal opportunity to consolidate restoration results and enhance system stability through fine-tuning measures. 4. Failure to coordinate regulation: Existing technologies are unable to simultaneously and synergistically intervene in the plant growth environment (soil water and fertilizer) and soil biological activity (such as through microbial agents), and cannot effectively drive the positive feedback loop of "plant-soil-microorganism".

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a specialized device that can achieve real-time monitoring, intelligent diagnosis, and precise coordinated control to improve the efficiency and sustainability of ecological restoration in high-altitude and cold desert areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas. This system can achieve in-situ, real-time, and continuous monitoring of key physicochemical and biological indicators of forest soil. Based on the built-in ecological model and algorithm, it can intelligently diagnose the restoration stage and health status of the ecosystem and automatically or semi-automatically trigger precise collaborative control measures during critical window periods, thereby optimizing the restoration process.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: This application provides a monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas, comprising: a monitoring module, a control and analysis module, and an execution module; The control analysis module is connected to both the monitoring module and the execution module. The monitoring module is used to acquire multiple underground ecological indicators of the tested area of ​​the Caragana plantation forest. The control and analysis module is used to determine the system status based on multiple underground ecological indicators and multiple preset recovery stage thresholds, and to generate control instructions based on the system status. The execution module is used to execute the control instructions.

[0006] Optionally, the underground ecological indicators include: soil parameters, soil nutrient parameters, and soil microbial metabolic activity parameters; the soil parameters include: soil volumetric water content, temperature, electrical conductivity, and pH value at different soil depths; the soil nutrient parameters include: the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil solution.

[0007] Optionally, the monitoring module specifically includes: Soil multi-parameter sensor array, soil nutrient monitoring unit, and microbial activity sensing unit; The soil multi-parameter sensor array, the soil nutrient monitoring unit, and the microbial activity sensing unit are all connected to the control and analysis module.

[0008] Optionally, the soil nutrient monitoring unit is a sensor based on spectral principles or ion-selective electrodes.

[0009] Optionally, the microbial activity sensing unit is a microcurrent sensor based on respiratory substrate induction or an enzyme substrate fluorescence sensor.

[0010] Optionally, the control and analysis module specifically includes: a microprocessor, a memory, and a wireless communication unit; The microprocessor is connected to the memory, the wireless communication unit, the monitoring module, and the execution module, respectively. The microprocessor is used to determine the system status based on multiple underground ecological indicators and multiple preset recovery stage thresholds, and to generate control instructions based on the system status; The memory is used to store system status, multiple underground ecological indicators, and multiple preset recovery stage thresholds; The wireless communication unit is connected to the remote management terminal; the wireless communication unit is used to transmit the system status and multiple underground ecological indicators to the remote management terminal.

[0011] Optionally, the execution module specifically includes: a precision irrigation unit, a liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit, and a microclimate regulation unit; The precision irrigation unit, the liquid fertilizer / bacterial agent injection unit, and the microclimate regulation unit are all connected to the control and analysis module; The precision irrigation unit is used to provide quantitative water replenishment to a specific area; The liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit is used to inject nutrient solution or microbial agent into the target soil layer. The microclimate regulation unit is used to provide shade or wind protection for the seedlings.

[0012] Optionally, the precision irrigation unit specifically includes an electric valve, a drip irrigation pipe, or a seepage irrigation pipe; The liquid fertilizer / bacterial agent injection unit specifically includes a storage tank, a metering pump, and an injection probe; The microclimate regulation unit specifically includes a shading net, a windbreak net, a shading net opening and closing actuator, and a windbreak net opening and closing actuator.

[0013] Optionally, the system further includes: an energy module; The energy module specifically includes a solar panel and a battery; The battery is connected to both the solar panel and the control and analysis module.

[0014] Optionally, the system further includes: a housing; The enclosure can be a movable enclosure or a fixed enclosure; The control analysis module, the monitoring module, the execution module, and the energy module are connected.

[0015] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed: This application provides a monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas. The monitoring module is used to acquire multiple underground ecological indicators of the measured area of ​​the Caragana korshinskii plantation; the control and analysis module is used to determine the system status based on multiple underground ecological indicators and multiple preset restoration stage thresholds, and generate control instructions based on the system status; the execution module is used to execute the control instructions. Achieving refined and intelligent management: Through multi-parameter in-situ real-time monitoring, it completely changes the traditional extensive and lagging management model, enabling management decisions to be based on precise data; Seizing key ecological windows: The built-in ecological model can automatically identify key stages such as "35-year restoration" and promptly trigger targeted maintenance measures (such as supplementing specific nutrients and inoculating functional microorganisms) to consolidate restoration results and prevent system degradation; Driving positive system succession: By synergistically regulating key factors such as soil water, fertilizer, and microorganisms, it simulates and accelerates the benign feedback process of "plant-soil-microorganisms" in natural restoration, fundamentally improving the ecosystem's self-sustaining capacity; Energy-efficient and widely applicable: Powered by solar energy, suitable for remote sandy areas without mains power; Modular design allows for adjustment of monitoring and control priorities according to the needs of different restoration stages, applicable to the mid-to-late stage precision maintenance of various artificial forest restoration sites in high-altitude sandy areas. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the overall structure and working principle of a monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas, as described in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a side view schematic diagram of the on-site deployment in a Caragana korshinskii plantation according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the monitoring and execution unit in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas is provided, comprising: a monitoring module, a control analysis module, and an execution module; the control analysis module is connected to the monitoring module and the execution module respectively; the monitoring module is used to acquire multiple underground ecological indicators of the measured area of ​​the Caragana korshinskii plantation; the control analysis module is used to determine the system status based on multiple underground ecological indicators and multiple preset restoration stage thresholds, and generate control instructions based on the system status; the execution module is used to execute the control instructions.

[0021] The underground ecological indicators include: soil parameters, soil nutrient parameters, and soil microbial metabolic activity parameters; soil parameters include: soil volumetric water content, temperature, electrical conductivity, and pH value at different soil depths; soil nutrient parameters include: the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil solution.

[0022] The monitoring module specifically includes: a soil multi-parameter sensor array, a soil nutrient monitoring unit, and a microbial activity sensing unit; all three are connected to the control and analysis module. The soil nutrient monitoring unit uses sensors based on spectral principles or ion-selective electrodes. The microbial activity sensing unit uses microcurrent sensors induced by respiratory substrates or enzyme substrate fluorescence sensors.

[0023] The control and analysis module specifically includes: a microprocessor, a memory, and a wireless communication unit; the microprocessor is connected to the memory, the wireless communication unit, the monitoring module, and the execution module respectively; the microprocessor is used to determine the system status based on multiple underground ecological indicators and multiple preset recovery stage thresholds, and to generate control commands based on the system status; the memory is used to store the system status, multiple underground ecological indicators, and multiple preset recovery stage thresholds; the wireless communication unit is connected to a remote management terminal; the wireless communication unit is used to transmit the system status and multiple underground ecological indicators to the remote management terminal.

[0024] The execution module specifically includes: a precision irrigation unit, a liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit, and a microclimate regulation unit; all three units are connected to the control and analysis module. The precision irrigation unit is used to quantitatively replenish water to a specific area; the liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit is used to inject nutrient solution or microbial agents into the target soil layer; the microclimate regulation unit is used to provide shading or wind protection for seedlings. The precision irrigation unit specifically includes an electric valve, drip irrigation pipes, or seepage irrigation pipes; the liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit specifically includes a storage tank, a metering pump, and an injection probe; the microclimate regulation unit specifically includes a shading net, a windbreak net, a shading net opening / closing actuator, and a windbreak net opening / closing actuator.

[0025] The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas also includes: an energy module and a housing; the energy module specifically includes solar panels and batteries; the batteries are connected to both the solar panels and the control and analysis module. The housing can be movable or fixed; the control and analysis module, monitoring module, execution module, and energy module are connected together.

[0026] Figure 1The four core modules of this application, their internal structure, and data / instruction flow are clearly illustrated in a block diagram. **Monitoring Module:** Includes a multi-parameter soil sensor, a nutrient monitoring unit, and a microbial activity sensing unit; the arrow points to the control and analysis module. **Control and Analysis Module:** The core module, containing a microprocessor, a memory (with a built-in ecological restoration stage diagnostic model), and a wireless communication unit. It receives monitoring data, processes it, and can then issue instructions to the execution module or upload data to a remote terminal via wireless communication. **Execution Module:** Includes a precision irrigation unit and a liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit, receiving instructions from the control and analysis module. **Energy Module:** Solar panels and batteries power all the above modules. **Remote Management Terminal:** Located in the cloud or at the user's end, it receives data and alarms.

[0027] Figure 2 This demonstration showcases the actual installation and application of this application in a typical Caragana korshinskii plantation plot in a high-altitude, sandy region. Background: Simplified sandy terrain with several Caragana korshinskii shrubs. Main equipment enclosure: Ground-mounted with a solar panel mounted on top. Monitoring and execution unit (A): Connected to the main enclosure via cable, buried near the rhizosphere of the target Caragana korshinskii plants; details of this part are provided by [details omitted]. Figure 3 Demonstration. Wireless signal waveform: symbolizing data communication between the control analysis module and the remote management terminal. Figure 3 This section details the structure of a multi-functional probe that penetrates deep into the soil. Structure: A slender protective tube or probe rod. Sensor Area: Soil moisture / temperature / EC sensors, nutrient monitoring sensors, and microbial activity sensors are integrated or encapsulated at different depths on the probe rod. Execution Outlet: Drip irrigation micro-holes and liquid fertilizer / bacterial agent injection holes are located at specific positions on the probe rod, connected to the execution module inside the main housing via internal capillaries or microtubes. The soil depth corresponding to different sensors and execution outlets is clearly indicated (e.g., 0-30cm, 30-60cm).

[0028] In a newly restored artificial forest of Caragana korshinskii in a high-altitude sandy area, which has been restored for approximately 30 years, one set of this system is deployed per 5-10 acres. It includes: a monitoring module, a control and analysis module, an execution module, and an energy module, all integrated into a mobile or fixed deployment enclosure.

[0029] The monitoring module includes: a soil multi-parameter sensor array for in-situ monitoring of soil volumetric water content, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH at different soil depths (e.g., 0-30cm, 30-60cm); a soil nutrient monitoring unit employing sensors based on spectral principles or ion-selective electrodes for periodically monitoring the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil solution; and a microbial activity sensing unit integrating a microcurrent sensor based on respiratory substrate induction or an enzyme substrate fluorescence sensor for indirectly assessing soil microbial metabolic activity.

[0030] The control and analysis module is the core processing unit, comprising a microprocessor, memory, and wireless communication unit. The memory pre-stores an ecological restoration stage diagnostic model, which includes at least several stages divided according to restoration timeframes (0-5 years, 5-25 years, 25-35 years, and over 35 years). Each stage corresponds to different soil moisture, nutrient threshold ranges, and expected microbial activity intervals. The microprocessor is configured to perform the following operations: receive and process real-time data from the monitoring module; compare the real-time data with the currently preset restoration stage thresholds and determine the system status; generate control commands when data deviates from preset thresholds or the model determines that a specific stage, such as the "35-year critical window period," has been entered; and send the data, diagnostic results, and alarm information to a remote management terminal via the wireless communication unit.

[0031] The system compares real-time data with the current preset recovery stage threshold to determine the system status. The specific determination process is as follows: Step 1: Data preprocessing and dimensional splitting.

[0032] The microprocessor first cleans and standardizes the real-time data transmitted by the monitoring module, removing abnormal and distorted data (such as extreme values ​​caused by sensor malfunctions or blank values ​​due to signal interruption). Then, it breaks down the data according to three core dimensions: soil physicochemical parameters, soil nutrient parameters, and soil microbial metabolic activity parameters, ensuring the matching of single-dimensional indicators with corresponding preset thresholds. Soil physicochemical parameters include volumetric water content, temperature, electrical conductivity, and pH at different soil depths (0-30cm / 30-60cm / 60-90cm); soil nutrient parameters include the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil solution; and soil microbial metabolic activity parameters are the microbial metabolic activity values ​​detected by microcurrent / fluorescence sensors and the results of enzyme substrate fluorescence detection.

[0033] Step 2: Retrieve the matching preset recovery phase threshold range.

[0034] The microprocessor retrieves the threshold system for the current basic restoration stage of the Caragana plantation from the memory. The thresholds pre-stored in the memory are divided into four core stages according to the restoration years: 0-5 years (initial establishment), 5-25 years (mid-term rapid restoration), 25-35 years (critical transition before later stabilization), and 35 years and above (later stabilization). For each stage, a reasonable threshold range (upper limit / lower limit) and an optimal threshold range are set for the single indicators of the above three dimensions. At the same time, a transitional threshold warning range is set separately for the critical window period of 35 years (between the 25-35 year and 35 years and above stages).

[0035] Step 3: Compare each indicator one by one to determine the indicator status level.

[0036] The microprocessor compares the real-time value of each preprocessed single indicator with the reasonable threshold range and optimal threshold range of the corresponding recovery stage one by one, and determines an independent state level for each indicator. The core is divided into three levels, and at the same time records the indicator deviation (the proportion of values ​​exceeding / below the threshold). 1. Normal state: The real-time value of the indicator falls within the optimal threshold range without deviation, which is the ideal ecological state in the current recovery phase; 2. Warning status: The real-time value of the indicator falls within a reasonable threshold range but exceeds the optimal range, or is within the warning range of the 35-year window period, showing a slight deviation. It is necessary to pay attention to the subsequent trend. 3. Abnormal state: The real-time value of the indicator exceeds the reasonable threshold range (below the lower limit / above the upper limit), showing a significant deviation, which has affected the soil ecological balance in the current recovery stage.

[0037] Step 4: Perform a comprehensive weighted analysis of multiple indicators to determine the overall system status. The microprocessor performs a comprehensive weighted judgment based on a single-index state level, combined with the index weight ratio of different recovery stages of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas, to obtain the overall system state of the tested area of ​​Caragana korshinskii plantations. At the same time, it distinguishes between the state of the conventional stage and the special state of the 35-year critical window period. The core weight principle is as follows: the initial planting stage focuses on soil physicochemical parameters (water and fertilizer foundation), the mid-term rapid recovery stage focuses on soil nutrient parameters (growth supply), the 25-35 year transition stage / 35-year window period focuses on microbial activity parameters + nutrient balance parameters (system stability), and the stable stage above 35 years focuses on the steady-state maintenance of all indicators.

[0038] The overall system status is divided into four categories, and the specific judgment logic is as follows: State 1: Healthy homeostasis.

[0039] Key findings: 80% or more of the core indicators are in normal condition, the remaining indicators are in warning condition and there is no significant deviation, and there is no reverse trend in any dimension of indicators (such as nutrient increase and simultaneous increase in microbial activity), which is consistent with the ecological characteristics of the current recovery stage, and the system has a good self-sustaining ability.

[0040] Status 2: Mild imbalance (to be regulated).

[0041] Key criteria: 10%-20% of the core indicators are in an abnormal state, or 30% or more of the core indicators are in a warning state, and some indicators show a continuous deviation trend (such as soil moisture content being in the warning range for 3 consecutive times and continuing to decline). If the ecological tolerance threshold of the current recovery stage has not been exceeded, mild and precise regulation is required to return to a steady state.

[0042] Status 3: Moderate imbalance (requires immediate intervention).

[0043] Key criteria: 20%-50% of core indicators are in an abnormal state, or key weight indicators show significant abnormalities, which have affected the basic feedback between "plant-soil-microorganisms". If timely regulation is not implemented, the recovery process will be delayed. Targeted regulatory instructions such as watering, fertilization, and injection of microbial agents need to be triggered.

[0044] Status 4: Severe imbalance (urgent intervention).

[0045] Key criteria: If 50% or more of the core indicators are in an abnormal state, or multiple key indicators simultaneously exceed the threshold (such as soil moisture content below the lower limit, nitrate nitrogen concentration dropping sharply, and microbial activity being 0), the soil ecological structure in the current restoration stage has been damaged, and there is a risk of plantation degradation. In such cases, a full set of emergency control instructions must be triggered and the highest level alarm must be sent to the remote terminal.

[0046] Step 5: Special assessment of critical window periods, marking special system states.

[0047] If the current basic restoration stage of the Caragana plantation is 25-35 years, the microprocessor will add a specific assessment of the critical 35-year window period based on the above comprehensive judgment: 1. When the three core window period indicators—microbial activity parameters, soil nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, and organic matter accumulation trend—fall into the window period warning range multiple times consecutively, and the overall system state is in a healthy steady state / slightly unbalanced state, the system state is directly marked as a 35-year critical window period (to be coordinated and regulated). 2. This special state will be recorded synchronously with the regular system state, and the microprocessor will trigger the window-specific coordinated control logic based on this.

[0048] Step 6: Store the status results and trigger the associated control commands.

[0049] The microprocessor stores the final overall system state, single indicator state level, and special markers for the window period into memory. At the same time, based on the system state level, it initiates the subsequent control instruction generation logic: no control instructions are generated for a healthy steady state, only data is synchronized to the remote terminal; for mild / moderate / severe imbalances and the 35-year critical window period, control instruction templates corresponding to the corresponding level and scenario are matched respectively, providing the core basis for subsequent instruction generation.

[0050] The execution module receives instructions from the control and analysis module, including: 1. Precision irrigation unit: composed of an electric valve, drip irrigation pipe, or seepage irrigation pipe, which can quantitatively replenish water to a specific area based on moisture sensor data. 2. Liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit: composed of a small storage tank, metering pump, and injection probe, which can precisely inject prepared nutrient solution or specific microbial agents (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) into the target soil layer based on nutrient monitoring results or model instructions. 3. Microclimate regulation unit: includes an automatically deployable shade net or windbreak net actuator for protecting seedlings in extreme weather conditions.

[0051] Energy module: A combination of solar panels and batteries to provide continuous power for the entire system in the field. Soil multi-parameter sensor arrays and microbial activity sensing units are buried in the rhizosphere zone of representative Caragana korshinskii plants and in forest clearings.

[0052] The initial parameters of the control and analysis module were set to the "25-35 year recovery phase" mode, focusing on the soil organic matter accumulation trend and nitrogen-phosphorus ratio balance. When the system had been running for 34 years, monitoring data and model analysis jointly indicated that it was about to enter the "35-year critical window period." At this time, the control and analysis module sent an early warning report to the remote administrator and automatically instructed the execution module to: 1. Activate the precision irrigation unit to maintain soil moisture content within the optimal range for nutrient activation; 2. Activate the liquid fertilizer injection unit to inject a low-concentration, slow-release NPK compound nutrient solution based on the monitored decreasing trend of nitrate nitrogen; 3. Simultaneously, inject an inoculant containing mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy local Caragana korshinskii trees to enhance plant nutrient absorption and stress resistance. Through the synergistic regulation implemented during the critical window period, the succession of the Caragana korshinskii forest to a more complex and stable community stage was effectively promoted, achieving precise ecological management under scientific research guidance.

[0053] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas, characterized in that, include: Monitoring module, control analysis module, and execution module; The control analysis module is connected to both the monitoring module and the execution module. The monitoring module is used to acquire multiple underground ecological indicators of the tested area of ​​the Caragana plantation forest. The control and analysis module is used to determine the system status based on multiple underground ecological indicators and multiple preset recovery stage thresholds, and to generate control instructions based on the system status. The execution module is used to execute the control instructions.

2. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The underground ecological indicators include: soil parameters, soil nutrient parameters, and soil microbial metabolic activity parameters; the soil parameters include: soil volumetric water content, temperature, electrical conductivity, and pH value at different soil depths; the soil nutrient parameters include: the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil solution.

3. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring module specifically includes: Soil multi-parameter sensor array, soil nutrient monitoring unit, and microbial activity sensing unit; The soil multi-parameter sensor array, the soil nutrient monitoring unit, and the microbial activity sensing unit are all connected to the control and analysis module.

4. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The soil nutrient monitoring unit is a sensor based on spectral principles or ion-selective electrodes.

5. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The microbial activity sensing unit is a microcurrent sensor or an enzyme substrate fluorescence sensor based on respiratory substrate induction.

6. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and analysis module specifically includes: a microprocessor, a memory, and a wireless communication unit; The microprocessor is connected to the memory, the wireless communication unit, the monitoring module, and the execution module, respectively. The microprocessor is used to determine the system status based on multiple underground ecological indicators and multiple preset recovery stage thresholds, and to generate control instructions based on the system status; The memory is used to store system status, multiple underground ecological indicators, and multiple preset recovery stage thresholds; The wireless communication unit is connected to the remote management terminal; the wireless communication unit is used to transmit the system status and multiple underground ecological indicators to the remote management terminal.

7. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution module specifically includes: a precision irrigation unit, a liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit, and a microclimate regulation unit; The precision irrigation unit, the liquid fertilizer / bacterial agent injection unit, and the microclimate regulation unit are all connected to the control and analysis module; The precision irrigation unit is used to provide quantitative water replenishment to a specific area; The liquid fertilizer / microbial agent injection unit is used to inject nutrient solution or microbial agent into the target soil layer. The microclimate regulation unit is used to provide shade or wind protection for the seedlings.

8. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The precision irrigation unit specifically includes an electric valve, a drip irrigation pipe, or a seepage irrigation pipe; The liquid fertilizer / bacterial agent injection unit specifically includes a storage tank, a metering pump, and an injection probe; The microclimate regulation unit specifically includes a shading net, a windbreak net, a shading net opening and closing actuator, and a windbreak net opening and closing actuator.

9. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: an energy module; The energy module specifically includes a solar panel and a battery; The battery is connected to both the solar panel and the control and analysis module.

10. The monitoring and control system for the restoration of Caragana korshinskii plantations in high-altitude sandy areas according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system also includes: a housing; The enclosure can be a movable enclosure or a fixed enclosure; The control analysis module, the monitoring module, the execution module, and the energy module are connected.

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