Method for rapidly judging sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosive

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly judging the sensitization effect of an on-site mixed emulsion explosive. The method comprises the following steps: S1, a laboratory calibration stage: simulating an on-site sensitization process to prepare a calibrated explosive sample; the sampling device collects and calibrates explosive samples, the millimeter graduated scale is arranged above the sampling device, and the camera shoots and counts the number of bubbles; detecting the density and the detonation velocity, and establishing an incidence relation of bubble number-density-detonation velocity in the specified millimeter scale and a qualified range; s2, an on-site detection stage: calibrating a millimeter graduated scale, camera equipment and a sampling device which are consistent in specification in a laboratory; the sampling device collects an on-site explosive sample, the graduated scale is arranged above the sampling device, the camera shoots and counts the number of bubbles, and the sensitization quality is judged by comparing with a laboratory calibration association relationship. According to the invention, the problems of long detection period of a traditional laboratory, strong subjectivity of existing field detection and high requirement on professional level of detection personnel can be solved, and real-time, accurate and low-cost detection of field sensitization quality is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of explosives quality testing, and in particular to a method for rapidly determining the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives. Background Technology

[0002] On-site mixed emulsion explosives have become the mainstream type of explosive in engineering blasting due to their advantages such as integrated production and blasting operations, low transportation risk, and high energy utilization. The sensitization process, as the core step in the production of emulsion explosives, directly determines the explosive's key explosive properties such as initiation sensitivity and detonation stability. The number, size, and uniformity of distribution of the microbubbles (0.05-0.5 mm in diameter) formed during the sensitization process are the core physical parameters characterizing the sensitization quality.

[0003] Currently, the industry's testing technology for the sensitization quality of mixed emulsion explosives at the site has significant shortcomings, making it difficult to meet the needs of real-time on-site control. 1. Outdated laboratory testing technology: Current mainstream methods, such as laser particle size analysis (GB / T19077) and scanning electron microscopy, require samples to be brought back to a professional laboratory for pretreatment and testing. The single testing cycle is usually 4-24 hours, which cannot provide timely feedback on the sensitization effect on site. As a result, substandard explosives may have already been put into use, posing a serious safety hazard.

[0004] 2. Large errors in on-site qualitative testing: The common practice is to use the empirical method of "visually observing the color and judging the viscosity by touch", such as considering "amber color and moderate viscosity" as qualified. However, this method has no quantitative standard, and the judgment results of different operators can vary by more than 40%, resulting in extremely poor repeatability.

[0005] 3. Poor applicability of specialized equipment: Some portable testing equipment, such as ultrasonic density meters, cost more than 80,000 yuan per unit and require professional personnel for data calibration. In harsh environments such as dusty mines and humid water conservancy projects, the equipment failure rate is as high as 30%, making it difficult to promote in small and medium-sized blasting enterprises.

[0006] Therefore, developing a simple, low-cost, rapid, and accurate sensitization quality assessment method is key to solving the problem of quality control of mixed emulsion explosives on site. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rapid method for determining the sensitization effect of mixed emulsion explosives on site. This method can solve the problems of long testing cycles in traditional laboratories, strong subjectivity in existing on-site testing, and high requirements for the professional level of testing personnel, and achieve real-time, accurate and low-cost testing of on-site sensitization quality.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives provided by this invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for rapidly determining the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives includes the following steps: S1. Laboratory calibration stage: Adjust the camera until it can clearly identify the specified millimeter scale and the specified millimeter bubble, and prepare a calibration explosive sample by simulating the on-site sensitization process; A sampling device was used to collect a sample of the calibrated explosive. A millimeter ruler was placed above the sampling device, and an image of the specified millimeter scale area was taken with a camera. The number of air bubbles in the image was counted. The density and detonation velocity of the calibrated explosive samples were tested, and the correlation and acceptable range of "number of bubbles within a specified millimeter scale - density - detonation velocity" were established, and a calibration database was created. S2. On-site testing phase: Prepare millimeter rulers, camera equipment and sampling tools that are consistent with the specifications calibrated in the laboratory; At the discharge port of the on-site mixing equipment, on-site explosive samples are collected using the sampling device. A millimeter ruler is placed above the sampling device, and an image of the designated millimeter scale area is captured by a camera. The number of bubbles within a specified millimeter scale in the statistical image is compared with the correlation established in the laboratory to determine the sensitization quality.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the sensitization process of emulsion explosives is essentially the generation of microbubbles through the reaction of sensitizers. The number of bubbles, which serve as the detonation center, directly determines the detonation transmission efficiency of the explosive: when the number of bubbles is insufficient, the detonation center is sparse, the detonation velocity decreases, or even mis-detonation occurs; when the number of bubbles is too large or too many, the explosive density is too low, and the detonation energy is dispersed.

[0010] Based on this, the present invention achieves rapid detection of the quality of mixed emulsion explosives in the field by combining laboratory calibration with on-site visual testing. First, in the laboratory, air bubbles within a specified millimeter scale of the calibrated explosive sample are counted, and the density and detonation velocity of the calibrated explosive sample are measured. Then, a quantitative correlation is established between the "number of air bubbles within a specified millimeter scale" and the key performance indicators (density, detonation velocity) of the explosive, forming a calibration database. During on-site testing, images of air bubbles in the on-site explosive sample are captured using a millimeter scale ruler and a camera. The number of air bubbles within the specified millimeter scale is counted, and compared with the previously established calibration database, the detonation velocity of the on-site explosive sample can be determined, thus enabling rapid assessment of the explosive sensitization quality.

[0011] The above method solves the problems of long cycle, strong subjectivity and high cost of existing detection methods. The detection process can be completed within 15 minutes, the results match the actual performance of explosives by more than 90%, the cost of core equipment is reduced by more than 70%, and it is suitable for real-time quality control at various blasting sites.

[0012] Optionally, in step S1, calibration samples with different numbers of bubbles are prepared by adjusting the amount of sensitizer added or the sensitization time, and the basic parameters of the laboratory simulated sensitization process are consistent with the field mixed emulsion explosive sensitization process.

[0013] Optionally, a target formulation of emulsion explosive can be selected, and samples with a gradient distribution of bubble number can be prepared by adjusting the amount of sensitizer added (0.1%-0.5%) or the sensitization time (5-20 min) at 20-25℃.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the amount of sensitizer added and the sensitization time within the above range can cover the sensitization effect of emulsion explosives. Optionally, the specified millimeter scale is 1-3mm.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the above scale range can include a complete bubble while avoiding the situation where the sampling range is too large, thereby avoiding the situation where information is lost due to the range being too narrow, and at the same time, it can filter out detection noise and irrelevant information.

[0016] Optionally, the specified millimeter scale is 1 mm.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, specifying the millimeter scale as 1mm can better avoid information loss caused by an excessively narrow range, while also filtering out detection noise and irrelevant information.

[0018] Optionally, in step S1, the millimeter scale is horizontally covered over the surface of the calibration explosive sample, and the vertical distance between the camera lens and the sampling cup is controlled at 8-12cm.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the vertical distance can ensure that the 1 mm scale area accounts for ≥20% of the image, and the bubble outline is clearly distinguishable, so as to display the bubble in the image more accurately and clearly.

[0020] Optionally, collecting calibration explosive samples using a sampling device means filling the sampling device with the calibration explosive sample and smoothing the sample so that it is flush with the edge of the opening of the sampling device.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, after smoothing the calibration explosive sample and aligning it with the opening edge of the sampling instrument, the millimeter scale can be stably placed on the calibration explosive sample and aligned with the surface of the calibration explosive sample, so as to perform more accurate scale measurement.

[0022] Optionally, three images are taken for each calibration explosive sample. Unobstructed images within a specified millimeter scale are selected, and the number of bubbles with a diameter ≥ 0.05 mm is counted. The average value is taken as the bubble count result for that sample.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution and the above statistical calculation method, the bubble situation of the calibrated explosive sample can be reflected more comprehensively and accurately.

[0024] Optionally, the camera may be a macro camera, which can meet the macro shooting requirements after the macro mode is turned on.

[0025] Optionally, during on-site testing, if the ambient light is insufficient, a portable LED fill light can be used to assist in shooting. The fill light angle should be 30-45° with the lens to avoid reflection.

[0026] Optionally, avoid collecting samples at the edge of the equipment's discharge port to prevent uneven distribution of air bubbles.

[0027] Optionally, when leveling the sample, the scraper should be moved horizontally in one stroke to avoid repeated operations that could cause air bubbles to escape.

[0028] Optionally, when counting bubbles, overlapping bubbles are counted using the contour separation method, and blurry bubbles are confirmed by multiple shooting comparisons, with the counting error controlled within ±1.

[0029] Optionally, the calibration database needs to be established separately for each target explosive formulation. When the formulation changes, the laboratory calibration phase needs to be repeated.

[0030] Optional, the pass / fail criterion is: the number of bubbles within 1 mm of the scale is ≥3, and the corresponding density is 1.0-1.25 g / cm³, and the detonation velocity is 4200-5000 m / s.

[0031] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The above method achieves rapid detection of the quality of mixed emulsion explosives in the field by combining laboratory calibration with on-site visual testing. First, in the laboratory, air bubbles within a specified millimeter scale of the calibrated explosive sample are counted, and the density and detonation velocity of the calibrated explosive sample are measured. Then, a quantitative correlation is established between the "number of air bubbles within a specified millimeter scale" and the key performance indicators (density, detonation velocity) of the explosive, forming a calibration database. During on-site testing, air bubble images of the on-site explosive sample are acquired using a millimeter scale ruler and a camera. The number of air bubbles within the specified millimeter scale is counted, and compared with the previously established calibration database, the detonation velocity of the on-site explosive sample can be determined, thus enabling rapid assessment of the explosive sensitization quality. 2. The above method solves the problems of long cycle, strong subjectivity and high cost of existing detection methods. The detection process can be completed within 12-15 minutes, thus improving detection efficiency. 3. Based on the quantitative correlation of laboratory calibration, the matching degree between the field test results and the actual performance of the explosives is over 92%, with a repeatability error of ≤2%, which is far superior to traditional experience judgment (error > 40%). The results are highly accurate and suitable for real-time quality control at various blasting sites, providing an immediate basis for on-site production adjustments and reducing the risk of using unqualified explosives. 4. Core equipment costs are reduced by more than 70%, resulting in a significant cost advantage, making it easily accessible to small and medium-sized blasting enterprises; 5. With simple protection (dust cover, waterproof cover), it can adapt to harsh sites such as mines and water conservancy projects. The equipment failure rate is less than 5%, and it has strong environmental adaptability. Operators can complete the test independently after 30 minutes of training, without the need for professional qualifications. 6. A calibration database can be established for different explosive formulations, which can be adapted to the on-site sensitization effect determination of more than 90% of existing on-site mixed emulsion explosive formulations, with wide adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is the first example diagram of the present invention used to demonstrate bubble imaging and counting during the on-site detection phase.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a second example diagram illustrating the bubble imaging and counting during the on-site detection phase of this invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the on-site detonation velocity test results of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The sensitization process of emulsion explosives essentially involves the generation of microbubbles through a reaction with a sensitizer. These bubbles act as initiation centers, and their number directly determines the detonation transmission efficiency of the explosive: insufficient bubble count results in few initiation centers, reduced detonation velocity, or even misdetonation; excessive or large bubble count leads to low explosive density and dispersed detonation energy. Based on this, this invention establishes a ternary correlation model of "number of bubbles (N) - density (ρ) - detonation velocity (v) within a 1 mm scale" through precise laboratory testing. On-site, the values ​​of ρ and v can be quickly deduced by counting the N value, enabling quality assessment.

[0036] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0037] This invention discloses a method for rapidly determining the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives. The method includes the following steps: (1) Laboratory calibration stage (establishing judgment criteria) This stage requires establishing a dedicated calibration database for the target explosive formulation to ensure accurate determination. Specific steps include: S1.1 Calibration Tool Preparation Tools list and technical requirements: ① Millimeter ruler: accuracy 0.01mm, scale line width ≤0.1mm, avoid obscuring air bubbles; ② Camera: pixel ≥12 million, supports digital zoom, equipped with detachable supplementary light; ③ Density testing cup: volume 50mL, smooth inner wall without scratches; ④ Burst velocity meter: accuracy ±0.5%, conforming to GB / T13228 standard; ⑤ Constant temperature chamber: temperature control accuracy ±1℃, used to simulate the field environment.

[0038] Tool Setup: With the camera in macro mode and the lens 10cm away from the ruler, ensure that the 1mm scale area occupies ≥20% of the image and that the bubble outline is clearly visible. In dusty environments, clean the ruler and camera lens before shooting; in humid environments, use stainless steel sampling cups to prevent rust from affecting sample quality.

[0039] S1.2 Gradient Sample Preparation The sensitizer was weighed using a high-precision electronic balance (accuracy 0.01g) and added according to the mass ratio of the explosive matrix. After addition, it was stirred evenly with a mixer. The temperature of the constant temperature chamber was set to the average operating temperature on site (e.g., 30℃ in summer and 15℃ in winter in a mine). The samples were placed in the constant temperature chamber for 10 minutes before testing to eliminate the influence of temperature on the bubble volume. Using the target formulation emulsion explosive matrix, 20 sets of calibration explosive samples with different sensitization levels were prepared under a constant temperature environment of 25℃, with sensitizer addition amounts of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% and sensitization times of 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, and 20 min. Each set of calibration explosive samples weighed 500g.

[0040] Sampling process: Take 50 mL of each group of calibration explosive samples using a density testing cup, and use a stainless steel scraper to scrape the sample horizontally along the rim of the cup to ensure that the sample surface is flat and to avoid air bubbles overflowing. Prepare 3 parallel samples for each calibration explosive sample.

[0041] S1.3 Bubble Image Acquisition and Counting Place the millimeter ruler horizontally above the sampling cup and cover the calibrated explosive sample, ensuring that the 1-millimeter scale segment completely covers the central area of ​​the sample surface (within a diameter of 1cm) without any offset or obstruction; align the camera lens vertically with the scale area, with the lens 10cm away from the sample surface, and manually focus until the scale lines and bubbles are clear, taking 3 images for each parallel sample.

[0042] Bubble counting: In image editing software, zoom in on the image until a 1mm scale segment fills the entire screen width. Count the number of bubbles with a diameter ≥ 0.05mm within this area. Overlapping bubbles are counted using the "contour separation method" (if the overlap area of ​​two bubbles is < 1 / 3, count them separately; if it is > 1 / 3, consider them as one bubble). Count each image 3 times. Take the average of all counts as the N value for this sample.

[0043] Import the captured images into image analysis software, set the scale bar to 1mm, and use the "particle analysis" function to automatically count the number of bubbles. Compare the count results with the manual count results to correct for counting errors.

[0044] S1.4 Performance Index Testing Density and detonation velocity testing: For the calibration explosive samples that have completed bubble counting, their density (ρ) and detonation velocity (v) are tested. Each calibration explosive sample is tested three times, and the average value is taken as the density and detonation velocity data of the calibration explosive sample. This verifies and confirms the correspondence between "number of bubbles, density, and detonation velocity within 1 mm scale".

[0045] S1.5 Calibration Database Establishment The N, ρ, and v data for each group of samples were processed, outliers (data deviating from the mean by ±5%) were removed, and a calibration database was established. Typical data are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1. Database for Calibration of Typical Explosive Formulations The judgment criteria are clear: when 3≤N≤9 and ρ∈[1.0,1.25]g / cm³, v∈[4200,5000]m / s, the sensitization quality is qualified; N<3 indicates oversensitization, and N>9 indicates undersensitization, both of which are judged as unqualified.

[0046] (2) On-site testing phase (rapid judgment implementation) This stage is based on a laboratory calibration database, and the testing is completed on-site through simple operations. The specific steps are as follows: S2.1 On-site tool preparation Bring a millimeter ruler of the same specifications as those used in the laboratory calibration phase, a camera, a 50mL density testing cup, a stainless steel scraper, and a portable LED supplementary light (power ≥ 5W). Tool check: Ensure the ruler is free from wear, the camera lens is clean, and the supplementary light is functioning properly.

[0047] S2.2 Sample Collection Timing and Methods The test should be completed within 10 minutes after the explosive sensitization is finished to reduce testing errors. During collection, the density testing cup is inserted directly into the discharge port of the mixing equipment, and the sample is collected until it overflows from the cup. A stainless steel scraper is used to scrape the sample horizontally along the cup rim to ensure that the sample surface is flush with the cup rim. After cleaning the outer wall of the cup, the collection time, equipment number and batch information are marked.

[0048] S2.3 Image Acquisition Operation Specifications Take photos in a sheltered, dark place on site: ① Place the ruler horizontally above the sampling cup, with the scale lines parallel to the sample surface, ensuring that the 1 mm scale segment covers the central area of ​​the calibrated explosive sample; ② Align the camera lens vertically with the scale area, keeping the distance between the lens and the sample at 10 ± 2 cm. If the ambient light is insufficient, turn on the supplementary light, illuminating the sample surface at a 30° angle to the lens to avoid glare; ③ Take 3 consecutive images of each sample to ensure that the 1 mm scale is clearly visible in the images.

[0049] S2.4 Bubble Counting and Quality Judgment The captured images were magnified to fill the screen with a 1mm scale mark. The number of bubbles was counted according to the laboratory-calibrated counting rules, and the average count from three images was taken as the final N value. The result was then compared to the calibration database for verification. ① Qualified: 3≤N≤9, corresponding to ρ=1.0-1.25g / cm³, v=4200-5000m / s, this batch of explosives is allowed to be used; ② Oversensitization: N < 3, corresponding to v < 4200m / s. The discharge must be stopped immediately, the amount of sensitizer added should be reduced, and the product can only be used after passing the retest. ③ Insufficient sensitization: N > 9, corresponding to ρ > 1.25 g / cm³, the discharge must be stopped immediately, the amount of sensitizer added must be increased, and the material can only be used after the test is passed again.

[0050] Example 1: Field application in a traffic tunnel project 1. Laboratory calibration: For the explosive formulation used in this tunnel project, calibration was completed according to the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention, a database was established, and N=3-9 was determined to be the qualified range.

[0051] 2. On-site testing conditions: Tunnel engineering operation, ambient temperature 30℃, dust concentration 0.5mg / m³, using a 20-megapixel digital camera with macro function as the testing camera, and a MicroTrap borehole explosion velocity meter.

[0052] 3. Testing process: (1) During the loading process, 50 mL of explosive sample was collected from the discharge port of the mixing equipment. After sensitization, the sample was scraped flat and marked as “Batch 20240618-01” 5 minutes later. (2) In a sheltered place, take 3 images using the camera's macro mode at a distance of 10cm; (3) Counting results: The number of bubbles in the three images are 4, 5 and 4 respectively, with an average value of N=4.3, which is rounded to 4; (4) Judgment: According to the database, N=4 corresponds to ρ=1.08g / cm³ and v=4632m / s, which is qualified and the batch of explosives is allowed to be used for blasting operations.

[0053] 4. On-site detonation velocity test verification: During the charging process, select any bottom hole in the surrounding area and simultaneously insert a detonation velocity test line. After detonation, download the detonation velocity data, which will show a detonation velocity of 4695 m / s (see...). Figure 3 The deviation from the judgment result is less than 2%, and the matching degree reaches 98%, which meets the requirements.

[0054] Example 2: Application of Humid Environment Monitoring in a Water Conservancy Project 1. Site conditions: Dam blasting operation, ambient humidity 85%, temperature 22℃, using a digital camera (15 megapixels) for inspection, with the lens fitted with a waterproof and dustproof cover.

[0055] 2. Testing process: (1) After collecting the sample, the sample photos were found to be dark and unclear. The fill light was turned on at an angle of 30° and three images were taken again. (2) Count results: N=2, indicating oversensitization; (3) Handling measures: Reduce the amount of sensitizer added by 0.1%, and then re-collect samples for testing. N=5, and it is judged to be qualified.

[0056] 3. Blasting effect: This batch of explosives was used for blasting the foundation of the dam. The utilization rate of the blast holes reached 95%, and there was no misfire, which met the design requirements.

[0057] Based on the above embodiments 1-2, field trials were conducted in mining enterprises and water conservancy engineering units. Based on the quantitative correlation calibrated in the laboratory, the matching degree between the field test results and the actual performance of the explosives reached over 92%, with a repeatability error of ≤2%. The test results were highly accurate, and the blasting efficiency was improved by 10%-15%, demonstrating significant economic and safety benefits and possessing industrial value for large-scale promotion and application.

[0058] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly determining the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Laboratory calibration stage: Adjust the camera until it can clearly identify the specified millimeter scale and the specified millimeter bubble, and prepare a calibration explosive sample by simulating the on-site sensitization process; The calibration explosive sample was collected using a sampling device. A millimeter ruler was placed above the sampling device, and an image of the specified millimeter scale area was taken with a camera. The number of air bubbles in the image was counted. The density and detonation velocity of the calibrated explosive samples were tested, and the correlation and acceptable range of "number of bubbles within a specified millimeter scale - density - detonation velocity" were established, and a calibration database was created. S2. On-site testing phase: Prepare millimeter rulers, camera equipment and sampling tools that are consistent with the specifications calibrated in the laboratory; At the discharge port of the on-site mixing equipment, on-site explosive samples are collected using the sampling device. The millimeter scale ruler is placed above the sampling device, and the camera is used to capture an image of the designated millimeter scale area. The number of bubbles within a specified millimeter scale in the statistical image is compared with the correlation established in the laboratory to determine the sensitization quality.

2. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, calibration samples with different numbers of bubbles are prepared by adjusting the amount of sensitizer added or the sensitization time, and the basic parameters of the laboratory simulated sensitization process are consistent with the field mixed emulsion explosive sensitization process.

3. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 2, characterized in that: Select the target formulation of emulsion explosive, and prepare samples with a gradient distribution of bubble number by adjusting the amount of sensitizer added (0.1%-0.5%) or the sensitization time (5-20 min) in an environment of 20-25℃.

4. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specified millimeter scale is 1-3mm.

5. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specified millimeter scale is 1mm.

6. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, the millimeter ruler is horizontally covered over the surface of the calibration explosive sample, and the vertical distance between the camera lens and the sampling cup is controlled at 8-12cm.

7. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that: Collecting calibration explosive samples using a sampling device means filling the sampling device with the calibration explosive sample and smoothing it so that it is flush with the edge of the opening of the sampling device.

8. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that: Take three images for each calibration explosive sample, select unobstructed images within a specified millimeter scale, count the number of bubbles with a diameter ≥ 0.05 mm, and take the average value as the bubble count result for that sample.

9. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camera can be a macro camera, which can meet the macro shooting needs after the macro mode is turned on.

10. The method for rapid determination of the sensitization effect of on-site mixed emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calibration database needs to be established separately for each target explosive formulation. When the formulation changes, the laboratory calibration phase must be repeated.

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