Method, device and equipment for determining runoff production in complex terrain area and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a runoff production determination method, device, equipment and medium for a complex terrain region, and relates to the technical field of watershed hydrological process simulation research, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining digital elevation data DEM of the region; acquiring gradient data of each grid unit of the region by using ArcGIS software, and converting the gradient data into integer; constructing a regional slope raster data attribute table by utilizing the integer slope data of each raster unit in ArcGIS software; obtaining a grid number corresponding to each gradient value in the gradient raster data attribute table, calculating a weight of the grid number corresponding to each gradient value to obtain a weight value, carrying out weighted average on the weight value corresponding to each gradient value to obtain a gradient value of the region, and obtaining a regional gradient factor according to the regional gradient value; and obtaining the regional water supply degree according to the gradient factor, and introducing the regional water supply degree into a double-excess runoff production model to obtain regional runoff production. According to the method, an ArcGIS tool is used for carrying out gradient analysis on digital elevation data DEM corresponding to a complex terrain of a region so as to obtain a gradient value of the region and a gradient factor of the region, and the regional water supply degree is obtained according to the gradient factor and introduced into a double-excess runoff production model to obtain regional runoff production. The method reasonably considers the influence of the gradient in the complex terrain area on the runoff production of the whole area, is high in prediction result precision, and is wide in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of watershed hydrological process simulation research technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and medium for determining runoff generation in complex terrain areas. Background Technology

[0002] A hydrological model is a generalized scientific model of complex hydrological phenomena and processes using simulation methods. Based on the simulation method, it can be divided into two basic types: hydrological physical models (physical models, scale models) and hydrological mathematical models. A hydrological physical model is a model that reflects the main physical properties of the prototype (i.e., the object of study), such as scaling down a watershed in the laboratory according to the principle of similarity, or conducting experiments by moving the original soil sample to the laboratory. A hydrological mathematical model, on the other hand, describes the physical processes of hydrological phenomena by following the principle of similar mathematical expressions, but does not consider the physical essence of the prototype. For example, in the case of confluence, it neither moves the river section to the laboratory nor replicates an artificial river section for experiments; instead, it uses an equation with a different physical essence but the same mathematical expression to represent the confluence, thus describing the actual physical process of confluence. These two types of models are closely related because the study of physical models is the foundation of mathematical models, while mathematical models are a powerful way to express physical models.

[0003] Hydrological models have gradually developed as people have continuously learned about and explored the hydrological patterns of watersheds. At present, the runoff patterns in various regions are complex and diverse. In semi-arid and semi-humid regions between humid and arid areas, the new runoff pattern (double super runoff model) can basically meet the requirements of practical applications in hydrological forecasting of some small and medium-sized watersheds. However, when conducting watershed hydrological forecasting in some areas with large hilly undulations, numerous gullies, and complex and diverse terrain, the accuracy of the forecast results is relatively low and it is difficult to meet the needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for determining runoff in complex terrain areas, which can solve the problem of low accuracy in forecast results in the prior art.

[0005] This invention provides a method for determining runoff generation in complex terrain areas, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Obtain the water supply level within the flat area;

[0007] Acquire digital elevation data (DEM) of complex terrain areas and divide the complex terrain areas into multiple identical raster cells; acquire the slope data of each raster cell in the complex terrain area and convert the slope data into integers; and construct a regional slope raster data attribute table using the integer slope data of each raster cell; wherein, the regional slope raster data attribute table includes each raster cell, its corresponding slope value, and the number of grids corresponding to the slope value;

[0008] Obtain the number of grids corresponding to each slope value in the slope raster data attribute table, and calculate the weight of the number of grids corresponding to each slope value using the entropy method; calculate the weighted average of the weight values ​​corresponding to each slope value to obtain the slope value of the complex terrain area, and obtain the slope factor of the complex terrain area based on the slope value of the complex terrain area.

[0009] The regional water supply is obtained based on the slope factor of the complex terrain area and the water supply in the flat area, and the regional water supply is introduced into the double super runoff model to obtain the runoff in the complex terrain area.

[0010] Preferably, obtaining the water supply level in the flat area includes the following steps:

[0011] The rainfall per unit time in the region is obtained, and the evaporation per unit time in the region is removed to obtain the effective rainfall per unit time in the region.

[0012] Obtain the infiltration rate per unit time in the region;

[0013] The water supply rate in a flat area is obtained based on the effective rainfall and infiltration rate per unit time in the region.

[0014] Preferably, the method for obtaining the water supply degree of a flat area from the effective rainfall and infiltration is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] Where: Δ′P is the effective rainfall per unit time in the region; ΔF m This represents the infiltration rate per unit time in the region; the infiltration rate is obtained using the following methods:

[0017]

[0018] Where: B0 is the soil moisture content before infiltration; S r For soil absorption rate; K s denoted as ρ, where ρ is the soil hydraulic conductivity; c is the soil pore size distribution parameter.

[0019] Preferably, the construction of the regional slope raster data attribute table includes the following steps:

[0020] Digital elevation data (DEM) of complex terrain areas are obtained from geospatial data clouds, and the complex terrain areas are divided into multiple identical raster cells.

[0021] Surface analysis was performed on DEM data of complex terrain areas using the Spatial Analyst toolset in ArcGIS software to obtain slope data for each raster cell in the complex terrain area, and the slope data was converted into integers.

[0022] Use the data management tools in ArcGIS software to construct a regional slope raster data attribute table using the integer slope data of each raster cell.

[0023] Preferably, obtaining the slope factor for complex terrain areas includes the following steps:

[0024] The number of grid cells corresponding to each slope value in the obtained slope raster data attribute table is used;

[0025] The entropy method is used to calculate the weight of the number of grids corresponding to each slope value and obtain the weight value corresponding to each slope value. The weight values ​​corresponding to each slope value are then weighted and averaged to obtain the slope value β of the region.

[0026] The slope factor for complex terrain areas is obtained by taking the cosine of the slope value of the region.

[0027] Preferably, the expression for the regional water supply degree is:

[0028] x = xcosβ

[0029] Where: 'x' represents the regional water supply degree; x represents the water supply degree in flat areas; and cosβ represents the slope factor.

[0030] Preferably, the process of obtaining the runoff within the region includes the following steps:

[0031] The obtained regional water supply is introduced into the dual super-runoff model to obtain surface runoff, interflow runoff and groundwater runoff in complex terrain areas;

[0032] The total outlet runoff within a complex terrain area is obtained by summing the surface runoff, interflow runoff, and groundwater runoff within the complex terrain area, i.e., the runoff generated within the complex terrain area.

[0033] This invention also provides a device for determining runoff in complex terrain areas, comprising:

[0034] The water supply information acquisition module is used to acquire the water supply information within a flat area.

[0035] The Digital Elevation Module is used to acquire Digital Elevation Data (DEM) of complex terrain areas and simultaneously divide the complex terrain areas into multiple identical raster cells.

[0036] The data attribute table construction module is used to obtain the slope data of each raster cell in a complex terrain area and convert the slope data into an integer; and to construct a regional slope raster data attribute table using the integer slope data of each raster cell; wherein, the regional slope raster data attribute table includes each raster cell, its corresponding slope value, and the number of grids corresponding to the slope value;

[0037] The slope factor acquisition module is used to obtain the number of grids corresponding to each slope value in the slope raster data attribute table, calculate the weight of the number of grids corresponding to each slope value using the entropy method, and obtain the slope value of the complex terrain area by weighted averaging of the weight values ​​corresponding to each slope value, and obtain the slope factor of the complex terrain area based on the slope value of the complex terrain area.

[0038] The runoff acquisition module is used to obtain the regional water supply based on the slope factor of the complex terrain area and the water supply in the flat area, and to introduce the regional water supply into the dual super runoff model to obtain the runoff in the complex terrain area.

[0039] This invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor;

[0040] The memory is used to store computer programs;

[0041] When the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory, it implements the steps of the method for determining runoff in a complex terrain area as described above.

[0042] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for determining runoff in a complex terrain area as described above.

[0043] This invention provides a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for determining runoff generation in complex terrain areas. Compared with the prior art, its advantages are as follows:

[0044] This invention acquires regional digital elevation data (DEM) and divides the region into multiple identical raster units. Using ArcGIS software, it acquires the slope data of each raster unit and converts it to integers to construct a regional slope raster data attribute table. Then, it obtains the number of grid cells corresponding to each slope value in the attribute table, calculates a weight for each slope value's corresponding grid cell number, and performs a weighted average to obtain the regional slope value. Based on the regional slope value, it obtains the regional slope factor, and based on the regional slope factor, it obtains the regional water supply degree and incorporates it into a dual-super-runoff model to obtain regional runoff. This invention emphasizes the impact of slope on water supply degree in complex terrain areas and incorporates the slope-affected water supply degree into the dual-super-runoff model to obtain regional runoff. The overall forecast accuracy is high, and its application range is wide.

[0045] Furthermore, the method proposed in this invention can provide reasonable water supply information for the region, help predict the probability of disasters such as floods and droughts, and take targeted measures to reduce disaster losses and scientifically regulate water resource utilization. It is also of great significance in protecting the ecological environment and maintaining regional ecological balance. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Fig. 1 A schematic diagram of the overall process for determining runoff generation in complex terrain areas, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of terrain slope on water supply in a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for determining runoff in complex terrain areas, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] See Figs. 1-2 This invention provides a method for determining runoff generation in complex terrain areas, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Based on the ratio of tail-end rainfall intensity to infiltration capacity, which are considered as controlling factors in the runoff generation model, the water supply ratio is determined by the runoff generation factor.

[0051] Step 2: Introduce the slope influence factor cosβ into the water supply of the double super-runoff model.

[0052] Step 3: Calculate the runoff based on the slope-improved double-super-runoff model calculation method.

[0053] In step one, based on the ratio of tail-end rainfall intensity to infiltration capacity, which are considered as controlling factors in the double-super-runoff model, the specific steps include:

[0054] The dual-superiority runoff model is proposed to address a third type of runoff generation besides reservoir-saturated runoff and infiltration-excess runoff. It posits that watershed runoff is not determined solely by rainfall, rainfall intensity, or soil water storage, but rather by the combined effects of rainfall intensity and watershed water storage. The water supply degree, which controls runoff generation in this model, is calculated using the following formula:

[0055] x = i / f

[0056] Where: i is the rainfall intensity; f is the infiltration rate.

[0057] In practical calculations, for the sake of simplicity, we take i as the effective rainfall Δ′P within a unit event, and f as the infiltration amount ΔF of a hypothetical unit per unit time. m The effective water supply degree is:

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Where: B0 is the soil moisture content before infiltration; S r For soil absorption rate; K s denoted as ρ, where ρ is the soil hydraulic conductivity; c is the soil pore size distribution parameter.

[0061] In step two, the slope influence factor cosβ is introduced into the water supply degree of the dual super-runoff model, specifically including:

[0062] The effect of terrain slope on infiltration is usually reflected by changing the degree of water supply to the ground surface; for example, a rainfall with a degree of water supply of x will have a degree of water supply of x if it falls on a slope of 0 degrees; if it falls on a slope with an angle of β, the degree of water supply will become xcosβ; therefore, the degree of water supply affected by terrain slope is:

[0063] x = xcosβ

[0064] Where: 'x' represents the slope topography water supply degree; β represents the degree of slope.

[0065] Specifically, the steps for obtaining the slope factor in complex terrain areas are as follows:

[0066] ① First, digital elevation data (DEM) is obtained from the geospatial data cloud.

[0067] ② Use the Surface Analysis (Slope) toolkit in ArcGIS to perform slope analysis on the DEM data of the study area.

[0068] ③ Use the mathematical analysis tool in ArcGIS's Spatial Analyst suite to convert the slope values ​​of the study area into integers.

[0069] ④ Use data management tools in ArcGIS to construct a slope raster data attribute table for the study area.

[0070] ⑤Weigh and calculate the number of grids corresponding to each slope value in the slope raster data attribute table.

[0071] ⑥ Calculate the slope-weighted average β of the study area based on the weight value of each slope.

[0072] ⑦ Introduce the slope factor cosβ into the original water supply in the double super-run model.

[0073] Step three specifically includes:

[0074] (1) Calculation of the infiltration function.

[0075] When a watershed experiences rainfall with an effective water supply of ′x, on the normalized infiltration capacity curve, all effective rainfall within the area (1-β)A is consumed by soil infiltration and does not generate surface runoff; within the area βA, a portion of the effective rainfall infiltrates into the vadose zone of the soil through surface infiltration, replenishing soil moisture, while the portion exceeding the infiltration capacity becomes surface runoff; at this time, integrating the normalized distribution curve on (0,′x) yields the infiltration function η(′x) reflecting the magnitude of infiltration:

[0076]

[0077] in:

[0078] (2) Calculation of surface runoff.

[0079] Watershed infiltration rate ΔF0 and surface runoff depth ΔR over time period s Calculated using the following formulas respectively:

[0080] ΔF0=η(′x)·ΔF m

[0081] ΔR s =Δ′P-ΔF0

[0082] ΔF m =F m (t0+Δt)-F m (t0)

[0083] Where: Δt is the length of the calculation period, and its dimension is T.

[0084] t0 represents the potential infiltration loss ΔF of the hypothetical cell. m The starting time for t0 differs from general methods for calculating surface runoff iterations. Its next time step is not determined by the previous time step, but rather by the actual infiltration rate of the watershed. The formula for calculating t0 is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] in: A0 = K s (1-B0 2c+1 ).

[0087] (3) Calculation of the flow in the soil.

[0088] The dual-supermodel divides the vadose zone from top to bottom into four layers based on the degree of moisture change: a rapidly changing layer, a gradually changing layer, a relatively stable layer, and a stable layer. These layers are simulated using four interconnected soil-filled containers (water tanks) with drainage holes at the bottom and sides. Soil moisture within the containers can exist in two forms: tension water and free water. Infiltration first replenishes the tension water in the upper container; once the medium's water-holding capacity (overholding) is met, free water appears, and simultaneously, drainage begins from the bottom and side holes. The outflow ΔF from the bottom hole... i The lower container is replenished with tension water, followed by free water, and the outflow from the side holes is the soil flow ΔR. i ; and so on up to the last container.

[0089]

[0090] Where: ΔS i The total drainage volume for the time period; i is the soil layer number, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; h 0，i ΔE represents the initial soil moisture content for that time period. i σ represents the evaporation rate of soil layer i over a given period; i ΔF is the drainage coefficient of soil layer i, which is an exponent reflecting the magnitude of the free water outflow from soil layer i; i-1 The amount of water seeping from layer i-1 to layer i.

[0091] Introducing the side-row coefficient δ i The drainage volumes for the side and bottom holes during the specified time periods are as follows:

[0092] ΔR i，i =δ i ·ΔS i .

[0093] ΔF i =(1-δ i )·ΔS i .

[0094] The sum of the drainage volumes from the four layers of containers is the soil flow.

[0095]

[0096] (4) Calculation of underground runoff.

[0097] ΔR g =ΔF4.

[0098] This invention also provides a device for determining runoff in complex terrain areas, comprising:

[0099] The water supply information acquisition module is used to obtain the water supply information within a flat area.

[0100] The Digital Elevation Module is used to acquire Digital Elevation Data (DEM) of complex terrain areas and simultaneously divide the complex terrain areas into multiple identical raster cells.

[0101] The data attribute table construction module is used to obtain the slope data of each raster cell in a complex terrain area and convert the slope data into an integer; and to construct a regional slope raster data attribute table using the integer slope data of each raster cell; wherein, the regional slope raster data attribute table includes each raster cell, its corresponding slope value, and the number of grids corresponding to the slope value.

[0102] The slope factor acquisition module is used to obtain the number of grids corresponding to each slope value in the slope raster data attribute table, calculate the weight of the number of grids corresponding to each slope value using the entropy method, and obtain the slope value of the complex terrain area by weighted averaging of the weight values ​​corresponding to each slope value, and obtain the slope factor of the complex terrain area based on the slope value of the complex terrain area.

[0103] The runoff acquisition module is used to obtain the regional water supply based on the slope factor of the complex terrain area and the water supply in the flat area, and to introduce the regional water supply into the dual super runoff model to obtain the runoff in the complex terrain area.

[0104] This invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor.

[0105] Memory is used to store computer programs.

[0106] When the processor executes a computer program stored in memory, it implements the steps of the above-described method for determining runoff in complex terrain areas.

[0107] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method for determining runoff in a complex terrain area.

[0108] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining runoff generation in complex terrain areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the water supply level within the flat area; Acquire digital elevation data (DEM) of complex terrain areas and divide the complex terrain areas into multiple identical raster cells; acquire the slope data of each raster cell in the complex terrain area and convert the slope data into integers; and construct a regional slope raster data attribute table using the integer slope data of each raster cell; wherein, the regional slope raster data attribute table includes each raster cell, its corresponding slope value, and the number of grids corresponding to the slope value; Obtain the number of grids corresponding to each slope value in the slope raster data attribute table, and calculate the weight of the number of grids corresponding to each slope value using the entropy method; calculate the weighted average of the weight values ​​corresponding to each slope value to obtain the slope value of the complex terrain area, and obtain the slope factor of the complex terrain area based on the slope value of the complex terrain area. The regional water supply is obtained based on the slope factor of the complex terrain area and the water supply in the flat area, and the regional water supply is introduced into the double super runoff model to obtain the runoff in the complex terrain area.

2. The method for determining runoff generation in a complex terrain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtaining the water supply level in the flat area includes the following steps: The rainfall per unit time in the region is obtained, and the evaporation per unit time in the region is removed to obtain the effective rainfall per unit time in the region. Obtain the infiltration rate per unit time in the region; The water supply rate in a flat area is obtained based on the effective rainfall and infiltration rate per unit time in the region.

3. The method for determining runoff generation in a complex terrain area according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the water supply degree of flat areas from effective rainfall and infiltration is as follows: Where: Δ′P is the effective rainfall per unit time in the region; ΔF m This represents the infiltration rate per unit time in the region; the infiltration rate is obtained using the following methods: Where: B0 is the soil moisture content before infiltration; S r For soil absorption rate; K s denoted as ρ, where ρ is the soil hydraulic conductivity; c is the soil pore size distribution parameter.

4. The method for determining runoff generation in a complex terrain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the regional slope raster data attribute table includes the following steps: Digital elevation data (DEM) of complex terrain areas are obtained from geospatial data clouds, and the complex terrain areas are divided into multiple identical raster cells. Surface analysis was performed on DEM data of complex terrain areas using the Spatial Analyst toolset in ArcGIS software to obtain slope data for each raster cell in the complex terrain area, and the slope data was converted into integers. Use the data management tools in ArcGIS software to construct a regional slope raster data attribute table using the integer slope data of each raster cell.

5. The method for determining runoff generation in a complex terrain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtaining the slope factor for complex terrain areas includes the following steps: The number of grid cells corresponding to each slope value in the obtained slope raster data attribute table is used; The entropy method is used to calculate the weight of the number of grids corresponding to each slope value and obtain the weight value corresponding to each slope value. The weight values ​​corresponding to each slope value are then weighted and averaged to obtain the slope value β of the region. The slope factor for complex terrain areas is obtained by taking the cosine of the slope value of the region.

6. The method for determining runoff generation in a complex terrain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for the regional water supply degree is: x = xcosβ Where: 'x' represents the regional water supply degree; x represents the water supply degree in flat areas; and cosβ represents the slope factor.

7. The method for determining runoff generation in a complex terrain area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the runoff within the region includes the following steps: The obtained regional water supply is introduced into the dual super-runoff model to obtain surface runoff, interflow runoff and groundwater runoff in complex terrain areas; The total outflow within a complex terrain area is obtained by summing the surface runoff, interflow runoff, and groundwater runoff within the complex terrain area; that is, the runoff generated within the complex terrain area.

8. A device for determining runoff generation in complex terrain areas, characterized in that, include: The water supply information acquisition module is used to acquire the water supply information within a flat area. The Digital Elevation Module is used to acquire Digital Elevation Data (DEM) of complex terrain areas and simultaneously divide the complex terrain areas into multiple identical raster cells. The data attribute table construction module is used to obtain the slope data of each raster cell in a complex terrain area and convert the slope data into an integer; and to construct a regional slope raster data attribute table using the integer slope data of each raster cell; wherein, the regional slope raster data attribute table includes each raster cell, its corresponding slope value, and the number of grids corresponding to the slope value; The slope factor acquisition module is used to obtain the number of grids corresponding to each slope value in the slope raster data attribute table, calculate the weight of the number of grids corresponding to each slope value using the entropy method, and obtain the slope value of the complex terrain area by weighted averaging of the weight values ​​corresponding to each slope value, and obtain the slope factor of the complex terrain area based on the slope value of the complex terrain area. The runoff acquisition module is used to obtain the regional water supply based on the slope factor of the complex terrain area and the water supply in the flat area, and to introduce the regional water supply into the dual super runoff model to obtain the runoff in the complex terrain area.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer programs; When the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory, it implements the steps of the method for determining runoff in a complex terrain area as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Used to store a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for determining runoff in a complex terrain area as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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