Communication-sensing-interference integrated signal transmission method based on AFDM waveform

Abstract

The invention provides a communication-perception-interference integrated signal transmission method based on an AFDM waveform, and the method comprises the steps: respectively mapping a communication symbol, a perception pilot frequency and an interference code element to a subcarrier of the AFDM waveform at a signal transmitting end, so as to obtain a modulation signal; and adding a guard interval into the modulation signal and then sending the modulation signal to a receiving end through a transmitting antenna. At a signal receiving end, receiving the modulation signal sent by the signal sending end and removing the guard interval to obtain a receiving signal; and performing multifunctional separation on the received signal according to a preset processing flow. According to the invention, aiming at 6G communication requirements, high communication speed, high sensing precision and high robustness of interference countermeasure can be considered at the same time, and a unified waveform of dynamic resource allocation and performance balance is realized among the three.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of 6G wireless communication and signal processing technology, and relates to an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal transmission method based on AFDM (Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform. Background Technology

[0002] As wireless communication technology evolves towards sixth generation (6G), communication systems are shifting from traditional "information transmission" to an integrated approach of "sensing-communication-computing." Against this backdrop, novel system architectures such as Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) and Integrated Communication and Jamming (ICAJ) have attracted widespread attention. These systems aim to achieve the coordinated operation of multiple functions, including communication, radar sensing, and interference suppression, through a unified hardware platform and signal waveform, thereby improving spectral efficiency, reducing equipment complexity, and enhancing the system's adaptability to complex electromagnetic environments.

[0003] In traditional systems, communication, radar, and jamming functions typically employ separate waveform designs and hardware platforms. For example, communication systems often use OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveforms, which have become a core technology of 4G / 5G due to their high spectral efficiency and ease of implementation. Radar systems tend to use chirp or phase-coded waveforms to achieve high range resolution and Doppler tolerance. Jamming systems rely on high-power narrowband or pulse signals to achieve suppression or deception. However, this separate design approach leads to intense competition for spectrum resources, equipment redundancy, and severe inter-system interference, making it difficult to adapt to future high-frequency, high-dynamic, and highly contested wireless scenarios.

[0004] Despite its superior performance in communications, OFDM exhibits significant performance bottlenecks in high-speed mobile or strong Doppler environments. For example, subcarrier orthogonality is easily compromised, leading to increased inter-carrier interference (ICI). Furthermore, its peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) also limits power efficiency. In sensing, OFDM waveforms have poor ambiguity characteristics, making it difficult to achieve high-precision target parameter estimation in cluttered or multipath environments. Regarding interference countermeasures, OFDM's highly concentrated spectrum makes it susceptible to localized disruption from narrowband or pulse interference, resulting in limited anti-interference capabilities.

[0005] Therefore, how to design a new unified waveform that can simultaneously achieve high communication speed, high sensing accuracy, and high robustness against interference, and achieve dynamic resource allocation and performance balance among these three aspects, has become a core problem and key technical challenge that urgently needs to be solved in 6G integrated communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal transmission method based on AFDM waveforms to solve the problem of achieving a unified waveform that simultaneously meets the requirements of 6G communication, including high communication speed, high sensing accuracy, and high robustness against interference, while dynamically allocating resources and balancing performance among these three aspects.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for transmitting an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal based on AFDM waveforms, for use at a signal transmitting end, the transmission method comprising:

[0008] The communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols are mapped onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform to obtain the modulated signal; the guard interval is added to the modulated signal and then transmitted to the receiving end via the transmitting antenna.

[0009] In this application, AFDM (Affine Radio Frequency Division Multiplexing), as a multi-carrier waveform modulated in the affine Fourier transform domain, introduces two adjustable chirp modulation parameters, giving the waveform greater freedom and adaptability. It not only possesses low PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) and good anti-Doppler performance, but its ambiguity function is also close to an ideal thumbtack shape, making it suitable for high-precision sensing. Furthermore, in this application, at the signal transmitting end, communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols are mapped onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform to form an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" modulation signal. Because AFDM has natural interference diffusion characteristics in the frequency domain, it can evenly distribute interference energy throughout the entire frequency band, thereby improving the system's interference suppression and anti-interference capabilities.

[0010] In one implementation of the first aspect, mapping the communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform to obtain a modulated signal comprises: mapping the communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform using an orthogonal mapping matrix to obtain a modulated signal. ;in, It is a frequency domain symbol vector; It is a discrete Fourier transform matrix of length L; and It consists of two modulated chirp diagonal arrays, where .

[0011] Secondly, this application provides a method for transmitting an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal based on AFDM waveforms, for use at a signal receiving end. The transmission method includes: receiving a modulated signal transmitted by a signal transmitting end and removing a guard interval to obtain a received signal; wherein the modulated signal is transmitted from the signal transmitting end to the signal receiving end by the transmission method described in the first aspect above; and performing multi-functional separation on the received signal according to a preset processing flow.

[0012] In this application, after the signal receiver receives the modulated signal transmitted by the signal transmitter, it first removes the cyclic guard interval to obtain the received signal. Then, it performs multi-functional separation on the received signal according to a preset processing procedure, that is, it processes the communication part, sensing part, and interference part of the integrated signal separately. Regarding the interference part, under the same interference intensity, the energy impact of the synthesized interference signal on OFDM will be concentrated on the interfered subcarrier. However, the AFDM used in this application spreads the interference across the entire frequency band through affine transformation, thereby diffusing the interference energy and avoiding interruption of communication or sensing functions due to interference.

[0013] In one implementation of the second aspect, the multi-functional separation of the received signal according to a preset processing procedure includes: demodulating the received signal using a discrete affine Fourier transform combined with a linear minimum mean square error algorithm to recover the original communication signal.

[0014] In one implementation of the second aspect, the multi-functional separation of the received signal according to a preset processing flow includes: mapping the affine domain symbols back to the time domain by performing an inverse discrete affine Fourier transform on the echo signal in the received signal; performing a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform on multiple consecutive affine domain symbols and projecting them onto the time delay-Doppler domain, and determining the velocity and distance information of each target object based on the energy peak distribution; and performing joint estimation of the velocity and distance of multiple target objects.

[0015] In one implementation of the second aspect, the multi-functional separation of the received signal according to a preset processing procedure includes: detecting the power spectral density on each subcarrier of the received signal to locate the interfered subcarrier; and suppressing interference by setting the sample value to zero, weighted masking, or intensity adaptive iteration method according to the interference type of the interfered subcarrier.

[0016] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic terminal, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the transmission method provided in the first aspect above.

[0017] Fourthly, this application provides an electronic terminal, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the transmission method provided in the second aspect above.

[0018] Fifthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by an electronic terminal, implements the transmission method provided in the first aspect above.

[0019] In a sixth aspect, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by an electronic terminal, implements the transmission method provided in the second aspect above.

[0020] As described above, the integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal transmission method based on AFDM waveforms described in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1) Embed communication, sensing and interference signals in the AFDM simulated radio frequency domain, and use time-frequency orthogonal multiplexing technology or power allocation coefficient to complete resource allocation and improve spectrum utilization.

[0022] 2) By using LMMSE (Linear Minimum Mean Squared Error) estimation and affine modulation structure to improve the BER (Bit Error Rate) performance of communication, it has strong resistance to Doppler spread and is suitable for high-speed mobile environments.

[0023] 3) Using IDAFT (inverse discrete affine Fourier transform) to extract distance and velocity information, the AFDM waveform still has high-precision estimation capability under multipath and high clutter conditions.

[0024] 4) When facing narrowband or pulse interference, the interference energy is evenly dispersed through frequency domain diffusion characteristics, thereby enhancing the anti-interference capability.

[0025] 5) Construct an optimization model with communication rate, sensing accuracy and interference entropy as objectives, and use weight adjustment and iterative solution to achieve a balance and synergistic improvement in the performance of the three functions. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal transmission method based on AFDM waveform (for signal transmitting end) as described in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 2The diagram shows a flowchart of an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal transmission method based on AFDM waveform (for signal receiving end) as described in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 3 The figure shown is a simulation diagram of the AFDM waveform with respect to the bit error rate (BER) performance in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a simulation of the AFDM waveform with respect to perception estimation in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 5 The parameters of AFDM in this application embodiment are shown. The set Cramerlow bound (CRLB) represents a trade-off between the communication bit error rate (BER).

[0031] Figure 6 The parameters of AFDM in this application embodiment are shown. The set Cramerlow bound (CRLB) represents a trade-off between the communication bit error rate (BER).

[0032] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic of AFDM in an electronic countermeasures jamming scenario in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the electronic terminal described in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0035] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal transmission method based on AFDM waveforms provided in this application. It should be noted that the transmission method described in this embodiment is used at the signal transmitting end.

[0039] refer to Figure 1 The transmission method includes the following steps:

[0040] Step S101: Map the communication symbols, sensing pilots and interference symbols onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform to obtain the modulated signal.

[0041] Step S102: After adding the guard interval to the modulation signal, it is transmitted to the receiving end via the transmitting antenna.

[0042] In this embodiment, step S101 specifically includes the following steps:

[0043] The communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols are mapped onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform using an orthogonal mapping matrix to obtain the modulated signal. .

[0044] in, It is a frequency domain symbol vector; It is a discrete Fourier transform matrix of length L; and It consists of two modulated chirp diagonal arrays, where .

[0045] Those skilled in the art will understand that AFDM is a multi-carrier modulation waveform based on Discrete Affine Fourier Transform (DAFT) designed for extreme time-varying channels (such as 6G communication scenarios such as ultra-high mobility, massive MIMO, and integrated sensing). By introducing chirp parameters to dynamically adjust subcarrier allocation, it solves the problem of inter-subcarrier interference (ICI) in high mobility scenarios of traditional OFDM and improves the anti-Doppler frequency shift capability through affine Fourier transform.

[0046] Specifically, as shown in the expression for the modulation signal above. ,in, It is a frequency domain symbol vector. In this embodiment, The frequency domain symbol vector is a volume vector that combines communication, sensing, and interference signals. At the signal transmitter, an orthogonal mapping matrix is ​​used to map the input symbols, which include communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols, to the output discrete-time linear frequency modulated signal.

[0047] Wherein, the orthogonal mapping matrix is ,in It is a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix of length L. and It consists of two modulated chirp diagonal arrays, where The AFDM waveform is dynamically adjusted. and Energy sparsity is achieved in the time-delay-Doppler domain to suppress interference caused by Doppler frequency shift.

[0048] In step S102, a guard interval (also known as an affine prefix in AFDM) needs to be introduced before the modulated signal is transmitted to the receiver via the transmit antenna.

[0049] Unlike OFDM, which adds a cyclic prefix, the synthesized AFDM integrated signal does not add a simple cyclic prefix, but rather a specially designed affine prefix.

[0050] The functions of introducing affine prefixes include:

[0051] 1) Implement channel circular convolution (to combat multipath delay spread). Multipath effects cause signals transmitted from the transmitter to reach the receiver via different paths and with different delays, resulting in overlapping symbols, i.e., inter-symbol interference. By adding a guard interval with a length greater than the maximum multipath delay, it can be ensured that multipath effects only affect the guard interval and do not intrude on the core data block. This makes linear convolution in the time domain equivalent to circular convolution within the data block.

[0052] 2) Absorbing the combined boundary effects of time delay and Doppler (counteracting Doppler spread): Under ultra-high mobility, the signal generates a large Doppler frequency offset. This not only leads to inter-carrier interference but also disrupts the "circular convolution" model that the guard interval aims to establish. By introducing the guard interval, not only multipath delay is absorbed but also the energy diffusion and phase discontinuity of the signal at the time-frequency boundary caused by the Doppler frequency offset are absorbed. This ensures that even in high-speed time-varying channels, after the transmitted signal is demodulated by DAFT at the receiver, the channel can still be diagonalized in the affine frequency domain.

[0053] 3) In an AFDM integrated communication and sensing system, for sensing functions (such as radar ranging), the transmitted signal needs to illuminate the target and receive the echo. Introducing a guard interval can ensure that the transmitted signal is continuous in time (without a gap), which is beneficial for the signal transmitter to fully sample its own signal and for the signal receiver (including the sensing receiver) to fully receive the echo from the distant target.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] like Figure 2The diagram shown is a schematic flowchart of an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal transmission method based on AFDM waveforms provided in this application embodiment. It should be noted that the transmission method described in this embodiment is used at the signal receiving end.

[0056] refer to Figure 2 The transmission method includes the following steps:

[0057] Step S201: Receive the modulated signal sent by the signal transmitting end and remove the guard interval to obtain the received signal; wherein the modulated signal is sent by the signal transmitting end to the signal receiving end through the transmission method described in Embodiment 1 above.

[0058] Step S202: Perform multi-functional separation on the received signal according to the preset processing flow.

[0059] In this embodiment, as described in step S201, the signal receiver receives the modulated signal (an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal based on the AFDM waveform) sent by the transmitter. First, the guard interval needs to be removed. The purpose is to accurately extract and reconstruct a complete AFDM symbol block that can be used for subsequent discrete affine Fourier transform demodulation, and at the same time lay the foundation for eliminating inter-symbol interference and inter-carrier interference.

[0060] As described in step S202, the signal receiver will perform multi-functional separation on the received signal according to a preset processing procedure. Specifically, the signal receiver will process the communication part, sensing part, and interference part of the received signal separately.

[0061] communication part

[0062] This step includes: demodulating the received signal using a discrete affine Fourier transform combined with a linear minimum mean square error algorithm to recover the original communication signal.

[0063] The modulated signal received by the signal receiver is:

[0064]

[0065] in, It is the normalized channel gain coefficient for the p-th path, and we have . It is additive white Gaussian noise. and These are the normalized time delay and Doppler frequency offset. After removing the guard interval (CPP) of the modulated signal and performing a DAFT transform, we obtain:

[0066]

[0067] in, The matrix after DAFT transformation can be represented as:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] So, for linear relations ,in The estimated data can be represented using the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) as follows:

[0072]

[0073] At the signal receiver, the guard interval (i.e., affine prefix) is removed, and a Discrete Affine Fourier Transform (DAFT) is performed to recover the communication signal. Demodulation of the received symbols using estimation algorithms such as Linear Least Mean Square Error (LMMSE) effectively improves the communication bit error rate performance, making it particularly suitable for high-speed motion scenarios with significant Doppler spread. Simulation results show that, compared with traditional OFDM, AFDM communication significantly reduces the bit error rate under the same signal-to-noise ratio conditions.

[0074] Perception part

[0075] This step includes:

[0076] The echo signal in the received signal is mapped back to the time domain by performing an inverse discrete affine Fourier transform.

[0077] A two-dimensional fast Fourier transform is performed on multiple consecutive affine domain symbols and projected onto the time-delay-Doppler domain. The velocity and distance information of each target object are determined based on the energy peak distribution.

[0078] Joint estimation of velocity and distance for multiple target objects.

[0079] Specifically, when considering a single-target perception scenario, the corresponding parameter to be estimated is: The noise-free received signal at this time can be expressed as:

[0080]

[0081] in, as well as The corresponding Fisher information matrix is:

[0082]

[0083] The Fisher information matrix is ​​a statistical matrix used to measure the amount of information about a sample of a random variable with respect to multiple parameters, where the unknown parameters are... The value of each element in the Fisher information matrix can be calculated as follows:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, the unknown parameter is It can calculate the value of each element in the Fisher information matrix.

[0086] When considering the statistical properties of small-scale fading, using and At this point, the Fisher information matrix can be simplified to:

[0087]

[0088] in,

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] as well as

[0092]

[0093] At this point, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the time delay and Doppler estimate of the perceived target object can be expressed as:

[0094] ,

[0095] The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is a theoretical lower bound proposed in statistics for parameter estimation problems. It is used to determine the minimum possible value of the variance of any unbiased estimator.

[0096] Leveraging the favorable ambiguity function characteristics of AFDM waveforms, sensing pulses are embedded in an affine domain modulation structure at the signal transmitter, utilizing channel reflection information for range and velocity estimation. After matched reception, the target echo signal first extracts time delay features through channel estimation, then performs IDAFT and two-dimensional FFT processing on multiple symbols to obtain the target's distribution characteristics in the delay-Doppler domain, further estimating its range and velocity. The synthesized AFDM waveform exhibits strong resolution in multipath clutter environments, significantly outperforming traditional OFDM waveforms, enabling high-precision sensing in complex scenarios.

[0097] Interference part

[0098] This step includes:

[0099] The power spectral density on each subcarrier of the received signal is detected in order to locate the interfered subcarrier.

[0100] Based on the type of interference of the affected subcarrier, interference suppression is achieved by setting the sampled value to zero, weighted masking, or intensity adaptive iteration.

[0101] The signal transmitter implements active electronic countermeasures by loading specific jamming symbols or modulation noise onto some subcarriers of the AFDM waveform. In this embodiment, two typical types of jamming (narrowband sinusoidal jamming and impulse jamming) are modeled, and a synthetic jamming signal is constructed and embedded in the affine modulation domain. After being modulated by AFDM in the spectrum, the jamming signal has natural diffusion, which can evenly distribute the jamming energy across the entire frequency band, making it difficult for the enemy system to accurately evade jamming. At the same time, the signal receiver can detect the location of the jamming through spectrum analysis and suppress the jamming by zeroing or filtering out the affected subcarriers, thereby ensuring the normal operation of communication and sensing.

[0102] Specifically, after removing the guard interval, the receiving end first performs DAFT conversion on the received signal to the DAFT domain and calculates the power spectral density on each subcarrier. By comparing the power spectral density of each subcarrier with a preset threshold in its energy domain or with the background noise level based on historical statistics, the system can identify frequency points with abnormal energy, thereby achieving accurate location of the interfered subcarrier.

[0103] Based on this, the signal receiver adaptively selects a suppression strategy according to the type and intensity of interference. For example, for bursty, high-energy pulse interference, its sampled value is directly set to zero in the DAFT domain. Even if some subcarrier data is discarded in the DAFT domain, the system can still recover the data using the remaining subcarrier information because the energy of the communication symbol has spread across the entire frequency band. Another example is for interference with low intensity or wide bandwidth, using weighted masking techniques to suppress interference by reducing the weight of the affected subcarriers. Yet another example is in scenarios where prior interference information is missing and pilot signal damage leads to channel estimation failure. The system utilizes specific statistical characteristics of the DAFT domain signal or interference (such as constant modulus) and employs an adaptive iterative process, such as the constant modulus algorithm, to achieve robust signal recovery and blind cancellation of interference components without relying on the pilot signal. Then, IDAFT transformation is performed for recovery, and the signals are then sent to the communication and sensing processing links respectively.

[0104] Under the same interference intensity, the energy impact of synthetic interference signals on OFDM will be concentrated on the interfered subcarriers, while AFDM will spread the interference across the entire frequency band through affine transformation, thus spreading the interference energy and avoiding interruption of communication or sensing functions due to interference.

[0105] Furthermore, after performing multi-function separation on the received signal, multi-function performance is then jointly optimized.

[0106] Specifically, based on the actual application requirements, the joint optimization objective function is defined as follows:

[0107]

[0108] in, Indicates communication rate. It's about perception accuracy. For the entropy of the interference signal, and These are the weighting coefficients. The modulation parameters are solved using numerical optimization algorithms (such as gradient descent or greedy iteration) or heuristic algorithms (such as genetic algorithms) to achieve a coordinated improvement in the overall system performance.

[0109] Furthermore, the anti-interference mechanism was designed and verified: common interference types (such as narrowband sinusoidal interference and impulse interference) were modeled, and typical interference scenarios were constructed for simulation. Utilizing the AFDM spectral diffusion characteristics, the interference energy was uniformly spread across the entire frequency band, significantly reducing interference efficiency and improving system robustness without disrupting communication and sensing information.

[0110] Furthermore, system simulation and performance comparison verification: Under the same channel and interference conditions, the AFDM waveform and the traditional OFDM waveform are compared in terms of bit error rate (BER), sensing accuracy and interference suppression capability to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention in a complex environment with high dynamics and high interference.

[0111] The technical effects of the embodiments of the present invention will be further illustrated below with simulation experiments.

[0112] like Figure 3 The figure shown is a simulation diagram of the AFDM waveform with respect to the bit error rate (BER) performance in an embodiment of this application.

[0113] refer to Figure 3 The OFDM waveform designed with the same bit rate configuration is significantly inferior to the AFDM waveform designed in this embodiment of the invention in terms of bit error rate (BER), thus verifying that waveform design can significantly improve communication quality. Since the BER curve does not change monotonically with parameters, selecting the optimal parameters to achieve the lowest BER becomes a key technical step in the application of AFDM waveforms in communication.

[0114] like Figure 4 The figure shown is a simulation diagram of the AFDM waveform with respect to sensing estimation in an embodiment of this application.

[0115] refer to Figure 4In sensing scenarios, OFDM waveforms suffer from severe clutter interference in the range-velocity domain, leading to significant errors in estimated range and velocity. AFDM waveforms, however, effectively suppress clutter interference due to their structural characteristics, thus achieving more accurate target parameter estimation and demonstrating their advantages in sensing performance.

[0116] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 The figure shown is an example of AFDM in this application with parameters. and The set Cramerlow bound (CRLB) represents a trade-off between the communication bit error rate (BER).

[0117] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,along with or The trade-off between changing CRLB and BER, from Figure 5 As can be observed in the diagram, the settings are as follows: Average The OFDM waveform has a lower BER, and the BER curve does not change with... And it changes monotonically. Therefore, identifying the optimal... Achieving BER is a crucial technical step for using AFDM waveforms in communication. Furthermore, with... or With the increase of , CRLB will decrease significantly, thereby greatly improving positioning accuracy. The trend of BER curve change is similar to... and The changes do not show a clear trend, but in larger... or The BER value will increase slightly when taking the value.

[0118] like Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic of AFDM in an electronic countermeasures jamming scenario according to an embodiment of this application.

[0119] refer to Figure 6 This further verifies the anti-interference capability of AFDM. In the presence of synthetic interference signals, the energy of the OFDM waveform is concentrated and damaged in specific subcarriers. In contrast, the AFDM waveform achieves the diffusion of interference energy across the entire frequency band through affine transformation, thereby effectively reducing the performance degradation of local subcarriers and improving the system's anti-interference robustness.

[0120] The scope of protection for the "communication-sensing-interference" integrated signal transmission method based on AFDM waveform described in this application is not limited to the execution order of the steps listed in this embodiment. Any solution implemented by adding, subtracting, or replacing steps in the prior art based on the principles of this application is included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0121] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, or methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules / units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or units may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of apparatuses or modules or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0122] The modules / units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules / units may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules / units can be selected to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of this application, depending on actual needs. For example, the functional modules / units in the various embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module / unit may exist physically separately, or two or more modules / units may be integrated into one module / unit.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0124] like Figure 8 The illustration shows an electronic terminal provided in an embodiment of this application, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory. The processor executes the computer program to implement any of the methods described above. The electronic terminal includes at least one processor 801, a memory 802, at least one network interface 803, and a user interface 805. The various components in the device are coupled together via a bus system 804. It is understood that the bus system 804 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. In addition to a data bus, the bus system 804 also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus.

[0125] The user interface 805 may include a monitor, keyboard, mouse, trackball, clicker, button, touchpad, or touch screen.

[0126] It is understood that memory 802 can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or both. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM) or programmable read-only memory (PROM), which serves as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM) and synchronous static random access memory (SSRAM). The memories described in the embodiments of this invention are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable categories of memory.

[0127] In this embodiment of the invention, the memory 802 is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the electronic terminal 800. Examples of this data include: any executable program for operation on the electronic terminal 800, such as the operating system 8021 and application programs 8022; the operating system 8021 contains various system programs, such as the framework layer, core library layer, driver layer, etc., for implementing various basic services and handling hardware-based tasks. The application program 8022 may contain various applications, such as a media player, browser, etc., for implementing various application services. The methods provided in this embodiment of the invention may be included in the application program 8022.

[0128] The methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention can be applied to or implemented by processor 801. Processor 801 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in processor 801 or by instructions in software form. The processor 801 may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. Processor 801 can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. General-purpose processor 801 may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the accessory optimization method provided in the embodiments of the present invention can be directly reflected as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in a storage medium, which is located in memory. The processor reads the information in the memory and combines it with its hardware to complete the steps of the aforementioned method.

[0129] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic terminal 800 may be used by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), DSPs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), or complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs) to perform the aforementioned method.

[0130] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing a processor. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which is a non-transitory medium, such as random access memory, read-only memory, flash memory, hard disk, solid-state drive, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical disk, and any combination thereof. The storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state drive (SSD)).

[0131] The descriptions of the processes or structures corresponding to the above figures each have their own emphasis. For parts of a process or structure that are not described in detail, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other processes or structures.

[0132] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal based on AFDM waveforms, used at a signal transmitting end, characterized in that, The transmission method includes: The communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols are respectively mapped onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform to obtain the modulated signal; The guard interval is added to the modulation signal and then transmitted to the receiving end via the transmitting antenna.

2. The transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of mapping communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform to obtain the modulated signal includes: The communication symbols, sensing pilots, and interference symbols are mapped onto the subcarriers of the AFDM waveform using an orthogonal mapping matrix to obtain the modulated signal. ; in, It is a frequency domain symbol vector; It is a discrete Fourier transform matrix of length L; and It consists of two modulated chirp diagonal arrays, where .

3. A method for transmitting an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal based on AFDM waveforms, used at a signal receiver, characterized in that... The transmission method includes: The signal is received by receiving a modulated signal transmitted by a signal transmitting end and removing the guard interval to obtain a received signal; wherein the modulated signal is transmitted from the signal transmitting end to the signal receiving end by the transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 2. The received signal is subjected to multi-functional separation according to a preset processing procedure.

4. The transmission method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing multi-functional separation on the received signal according to a preset processing procedure includes: The received signal is demodulated using a discrete affine Fourier transform combined with a linear minimum mean square error algorithm to recover the original communication signal.

5. The transmission method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing multi-functional separation on the received signal according to a preset processing procedure includes: The echo signal in the received signal is mapped back to the time domain by performing an inverse discrete affine Fourier transform. A two-dimensional fast Fourier transform is performed on multiple consecutive affine domain symbols and projected onto the time-delay-Doppler domain. The velocity and distance information of each target object are determined based on the energy peak distribution. Joint estimation of velocity and distance for multiple target objects.

6. The transmission method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing multi-functional separation on the received signal according to a preset processing procedure includes: The power spectral density on each subcarrier of the received signal is detected in order to locate the interfered subcarrier; Based on the type of interference of the affected subcarrier, interference suppression is achieved by setting the sampled value to zero, weighted masking, or intensity adaptive iteration.

7. An electronic terminal, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the transmission method of an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal based on an AFDM waveform as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

8. An electronic terminal, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the transmission method of an integrated "communication-sensing-interference" signal based on an AFDM waveform as described in any one of claims 3 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by an electronic terminal, the program implements the "communication-sensing-interference" integrated signal transmission method based on AFDM waveform as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by an electronic terminal, the program implements the "communication-sensing-interference" integrated signal transmission method based on AFDM waveform as described in any one of claims 3 to 6.

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