Cloth net type microorganism synergistic degradation remediation method for pesticide residue soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of a cloth net type microorganism synergistic degradation remediation method for pesticide residue soil, in particular to a cloth net type microorganism synergistic degradation remediation method for pesticide residue soil, which comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out early-stage investigation and physical and chemical property analysis on polluted soil: firstly, investigating a target pesticide residue polluted soil area, and analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the polluted soil; determining the pollution range, the pollution degree and the types of pesticide residues; step 2, screening functional flora and constructing a synergistic degradation system; wherein the early investigation in the step 1 is accurate and clear in pollution information, a targeted basis is provided for subsequent repair, blindness of traditional repair is avoided, and the problem of microbial agent waste caused by extensive repair is solved. According to the multi-flora synergistic system constructed in the step 2, the environmental adaptability is improved through indigenous bacterium screening, the degradation spectrum is widened through flora metabolism complementation, and the defects that the degradation range of a single strain is narrow, and combined pollution is difficult to deal with are overcome.

Description

A mesh-based microbial synergistic degradation and remediation method for pesticide residue soil Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of a mesh-based microbial synergistic degradation and remediation method for pesticide residue soil, and in particular to a mesh-based microbial synergistic degradation and remediation method for pesticide residue soil. Background Technology

[0002] Pesticide residues in soil not only alter soil microbial community structure, inhibit soil enzyme activity, and reduce soil fertility, but also enter the food chain through crop absorption, groundwater infiltration, and surface runoff, posing a serious threat to plant and animal growth and human health. For example, organophosphorus pesticide residues can cause damage to the human central nervous system, pyrethroid pesticides have potential endocrine-disrupting effects, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pesticides have been proven to be highly carcinogenic. Therefore, the remediation of soil pesticide residues has become a research hotspot and focus in the field of ecological and environmental protection.

[0003] Currently, soil pesticide residue remediation technologies mainly fall into three categories: physical remediation, chemical remediation, and bioremediation. Physical remediation methods (such as soil washing, thermal desorption, and solidification stabilization) can quickly remove some pesticide residues, but they suffer from drawbacks such as high cost, potential damage to soil structure, and possible secondary pollution, making them unsuitable for large-scale contaminated soil remediation. Chemical remediation methods (such as redox reactions and photocatalytic degradation) have high remediation efficiency, but the introduction of chemical agents may further disrupt the soil's ecological balance. Bioremediation mainly involves inoculating contaminated soil with degrading microbial agents (single or combined species), utilizing the metabolic activity of microorganisms to convert pesticide residues into harmless carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts. However, this type of method still faces several bottlenecks in practical applications: primarily, the degrading bacteria have poor colonization ability in the soil and are easily affected by environmental factors such as soil pH, organic matter content, and competition from indigenous microorganisms, making it difficult for them to survive long-term and exert their degradation effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems of the three mainstream remediation methods in the prior art mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a network-based microbial synergistic degradation and remediation method for pesticide residue soil.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a network-based microbial synergistic degradation and remediation method for pesticide residue soil, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Preliminary investigation and physicochemical property analysis of contaminated soil. First, the area of ​​soil contaminated with target pesticide residues is investigated to clarify the scope, degree of contamination, and types of pesticide residues; Step 2: Screening of functional microbial communities and construction of a synergistic degradation system. Based on the types of pesticide residues detected in Step 1, a multi-microbial community synergistic degradation system is constructed using methods such as enrichment of indigenous bacteria, isolation of target bacteria, functional verification, and synergistic compatibility; Step 3: Construction and preparation of a biodegradable network carrier. An environmentally friendly biodegradable network carrier is constructed; 4. Construction and Deployment of the Networked Remediation System: Based on the polluted soil survey results from Step 1, and considering the soil pollution level and topographical characteristics, a networked remediation system is constructed to deploy functional mesh-like carriers. Step 5. Dynamic Control of the Remediation Process: Dynamic control is implemented during the remediation process. Step 6. Monitoring and Data Acquisition of the Remediation Process: Monitoring modules are embedded in the networked remediation system for real-time monitoring and data acquisition. Step 7. Remediation Effectiveness Evaluation and Compliance Verification: After the remediation period reaches the expected timeframe, the remediation effectiveness is evaluated and compliance is verified. Step 8. Post-Remediation Soil Maintenance and Long-Term Monitoring: The soil after compliance is maintained, and long-term monitoring is conducted.

[0006] In one embodiment, step 1 is specifically as follows: A grid sampling method is used to sample the contaminated area. Two soil samples are collected at each sampling point, one from 0-20cm and the other from 20-40cm, with each sample weighing no less than 1kg. After removing stones and plant debris, the collected soil samples are divided into two parts: one part is used for pesticide residue type and concentration detection, employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect the specific content of various pesticide residues such as organophosphorus, pyrethroids, and carbamates in the soil; the other part is used for soil physicochemical property analysis, detecting indicators including pH value, organic matter content, water content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium content, soil particle composition, and indigenous microbial community structure. Based on the detection results, a contaminated soil information database is constructed, pollution levels are classified, and the remediation priorities for different contaminated areas are clarified. Simultaneously, the characteristics of the indigenous microbial community structure are analyzed to identify potential pesticide degradation-related microorganisms in the soil.

[0007] In one embodiment, step 2 specifically includes the following: Enrichment and isolation of indigenous degrading bacteria: Soil samples from lightly polluted areas are added to selective culture medium containing the corresponding pesticide residues and cultured at 30°C and 150 rpm for 7-10 days to enrich the indigenous degrading bacteria; after enrichment, the bacterial solution is inoculated onto solid selective culture medium using the dilution plating method and cultured at 30°C for 3-5 days. Single colonies with different morphologies and colors are selected and subjected to multiple streak purifications to obtain a single strain; Functional verification of the target degrading bacteria: The purified single strain is inoculated into liquid culture medium containing the target pesticide residues and cultured at 30°C and 150 rpm for 7-10 days. The pesticide residue concentration in the culture medium is detected using GC-MS / LC-MS, and the degradation rate of the strain is calculated; strains with a degradation rate greater than 50% are selected as candidate strains. Degrading bacteria were selected, and strains were identified and their taxonomic positions clarified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Synergistic bacterial community compatibility and optimization: Based on the degradation characteristics of candidate degrading bacteria, 3-5 different types of degrading bacteria were selected for synergistic degradation experiments in pairs and multiple combinations. Different combinations of bacteria were inoculated into a culture medium containing compound pesticide residues, and the pesticide residue degradation rate was measured after 7-10 days of cultivation. The bacterial community combination with the best synergistic degradation effect was screened out. Simultaneously, 2-3 auxiliary functional bacteria were introduced: one is enzyme-producing bacteria, which promote the decomposition of recalcitrant pesticides by secreting extracellular enzymes; the other is growth-promoting bacteria, which improve soil nutrient status and promote the growth and reproduction of degrading bacteria. The inoculation ratio of each bacterial community was optimized through orthogonal experiments, ultimately constructing a multi-community synergistic degradation system. Community expansion culture: The constructed synergistic degrading bacterial community was inoculated into a fermentation medium and expanded using batch fermentation.

[0008] In one embodiment, step 3 specifically includes the following preparation steps: Carrier substrate selection: Corn stalk cellulose, polylactic acid, and chitosan are selected as the main substrates, with corn stalk cellulose and PLA providing the network structure support for the carrier; the substrate ratio is corn stalk cellulose: PLA: chitosan = 5:3:2 by mass; Functional additive formulation: The following functional additives are added to the substrate: Nutrient regulators: including glucose, peptone, and yeast extract; Environmentally responsive materials: pH-sensitive sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are selected, which can dynamically release nutrients and regulatory factors according to changes in soil pH and temperature; Water-retaining agent: Sodium polyacrylate is selected to improve the water-retaining capacity of the carrier; Antibacterial agent: 2% by mass of tea polyphenols are added to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria; Network carrier preparation: The above substrates and functional additives are mixed evenly, and then... Add an appropriate amount of deionized water and stir to make a paste-like slurry; use electrospinning technology to spin the slurry into fibers with a diameter of 50-100μm, and then weave them into a mesh structure with a mesh size of 1-2cm using a weaving machine; place the woven mesh carrier in a vacuum drying oven and dry it at 60℃ for 12h, and then sterilize it to obtain a biodegradable mesh carrier; this carrier can be naturally degraded in soil, and the degradation products are carbon dioxide, water and organic matter; bacterial agent loading treatment: dilute the highly active synergistic degrading bacterial agent prepared in step 2 with sterile water at a ratio of 1:10, and then immerse the biodegradable mesh carrier in the diluted bacterial solution, soaking it at 30℃ under sterile conditions for 24h, so that the degrading bacteria can be fully adsorbed on the fiber surface and internal pores of the carrier. After soaking, remove the mesh carrier and place it in a sterile environment to air dry naturally to obtain a functional mesh carrier loaded with synergistic degrading bacterial agent.

[0009] In one embodiment, step 4 specifically includes the following: Dividing the polluted area into lightly polluted, moderately polluted, and heavily polluted areas according to pollution level. Different netting densities are used for different areas: the netting density for lightly polluted areas is 2-3 sheets / m². 2 The moderately polluted area has 4-5 sheets / m². 2 The heavily polluted area has 6-8 sheets / m² 2Netting Design: A horizontally laid and vertically interwoven netting method is adopted. Horizontally, the functional mesh carriers are laid parallel to the ground, with the edges of adjacent carriers overlapping by 5-10cm to ensure no blind spots. Vertically, a longitudinal carrier strip is placed every 50cm, inserted vertically into the soil to a depth of 40cm, achieving interconnection between the topsoil and sub-topsoil layers and preventing pesticide residues from seeping downwards. Precise Application: A small netting machine is used to apply the functional mesh carriers. For large, flat contaminated areas, mechanized netting is used; for areas with complex terrain, manual netting is used. During application, the netting location, density, and number of carriers are recorded in real time to establish a netting archive and ensure the traceability of the remediation process. After application, a rotary tiller is used to till the soil surface to the same depth as the netting, ensuring thorough mixing of the functional mesh carriers with the soil.

[0010] In one embodiment, step 5 specifically includes the following: Soil environment regulation: Based on the soil physicochemical property analysis results in step 1, the soil pH, moisture content, and organic matter content are regulated; if the soil pH is too acidic, an appropriate amount of lime is applied to the soil; if the pH is too alkaline, humic acid is applied to adjust the soil pH to a suitable range of 6.5-7.5; the soil moisture content is controlled at 60%-70% of field capacity, and water is replenished through a drip irrigation system; for soils with excessively low organic matter content, well-rotted organic fertilizer is applied; Nutrient supplementation: In the initial stage of remediation, water is applied to the soil through a drip irrigation system. Apply an appropriate amount of nutrient supplement solution to the soil to replenish the nutrients needed for the growth of degrading bacteria. During the mid-remediation period, if the bacterial activity decreases according to the microbial activity monitoring results, apply the nutrient supplement solution every 10-15 days, using 50% of the initial amount. In the late remediation period, stop applying the nutrient supplement solution and rely on the nutrients released by the soil's own organic matter and carrier to maintain microbial growth. Add exogenous regulatory factors: For recalcitrant pesticide residues, add an appropriate amount of degradation promoter during the mid-remediation period to enhance the degradation efficiency of recalcitrant pesticides by promoting the enzyme activity of degrading bacteria. At the same time, loosen the soil regularly.

[0011] In one embodiment, step 6 specifically includes the following: Microbial activity monitoring: Monitoring points are set up in the network area, with a microbial activity sensor embedded in each point to monitor the activity of degrading bacteria in real time; sensor data is collected weekly, and if the relative activity of microorganisms is below 60%, nutrient supplementation or environmental control measures are initiated promptly; simultaneously, soil samples are collected every two weeks, and the plate count method is used to detect changes in the number of degrading bacteria in the soil; Pesticide residue concentration monitoring: Pesticide residue detection probes are placed at the monitoring points to monitor changes in the pesticide residue concentration in the soil in real time, probe detection data is collected weekly, and GC-MS / LC-MS is used to simultaneously verify the soil samples and calculate the pesticide residue degradation rate. If the degradation rate is lower than expected, analyze the reasons and adjust the remediation strategy; monitor soil physicochemical properties and ecological indicators: test soil pH, moisture content, organic matter content and soil enzyme activity every 3 weeks to assess the improvement of the soil environment. At the same time, use high-throughput sequencing to analyze changes in the structure of the soil indigenous microbial community; in addition, monitor the content of heavy metals in the soil and groundwater quality indicators to investigate the risk of secondary pollution; data management and analysis: establish a remediation process database, enter the monitoring data into the database in real time, use SPSS and Origin software for data statistics and analysis, draw remediation curves, predict the remediation cycle, and develop a mobile monitoring platform to realize remote viewing and management of remediation data.

[0012] In one embodiment, step 7 involves evaluating the remediation effect and verifying compliance. The specific steps are as follows: Sampling and Testing: Soil samples are collected in the remediation area using a diagonal sampling method, with three replicate samples at each sampling point. A control sample is also set up in the unremediated contaminated soil area. Testing indicators include: pesticide residue concentration, number of degrading bacteria, soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial community structure, and groundwater quality. Remediation effect evaluation indicators: Pesticide residue removal rate: The pesticide residue removal rate at each sampling point is calculated, requiring a removal rate ≥90% for lightly polluted areas, ≥85% for moderately polluted areas, and ≥80% for heavily polluted areas. Soil quality recovery: Soil pH value recovers to 6.5-7.5, organic matter content ≥2%, and soil enzyme activity increases by more than 30% compared to before remediation. Ecological safety: The number of degrading bacteria remains above 10^5 CFU / g, and the soil indigenous microbial community structure recovers to the level of uncontaminated soil. Compliance Verification and Rectification: If all evaluation indicators meet the requirements, the remediation area is deemed compliant, and remediation work is stopped. If some indicators fail to meet the requirements, the reasons are analyzed, and a rectification plan is formulated.

[0013] In one embodiment, step 8 specifically includes the following: Soil maintenance measures: After remediation reaches the standard, an appropriate amount of biochar is applied to the soil to adsorb trace amounts of pesticide residues and improve soil structure. Plants with purification functions are then planted, and through the absorption and secretion of plant roots, trace pesticide residues are further removed, while increasing soil organic matter content. Long-term monitoring plan: A long-term monitoring mechanism is established. In the first year after remediation, soil pesticide residue concentration, degradation bacteria count, and soil enzyme activity are monitored every 3 months; in the second year, they are monitored every 6 months; and in the third year, they are monitored annually. The monitoring points are set in the same way as in step 7. At the same time, the pesticide residue content of crops planted in the soil is monitored. If a rebound in pesticide residue concentration is found, emergency remediation measures are initiated in a timely manner. Summary and optimization of remediation technology: The entire remediation process is summarized, and the influence of factors such as net density, microbial community compatibility, and control measures on the remediation effect is analyzed. A database of remediation parameters for different types of contaminated soil is established.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, in this invention, the preliminary investigation in step 1 accurately identifies pollution information, providing a targeted basis for subsequent remediation, avoiding the blindness of traditional remediation, and solving the problem of waste of microbial agents caused by extensive remediation. The multi-microbial synergistic system constructed in step 2 relies on the screening of indigenous bacteria to improve environmental adaptability, and broadens the degradation spectrum through complementary microbial metabolism, overcoming the shortcomings of single-species degradation having a narrow range and difficulty in dealing with complex pollution. The biodegradable mesh carrier in step 3 provides a stable growth microenvironment, significantly improving the colonization ability and survival time of degrading bacteria, solving the problems of easy loss and poor colonization of degrading bacteria. The mesh-based application in step 4, combined with pollution level and terrain characteristics, achieves precise and uniform distribution of microbial agents, further improving the utilization rate of microbial agents. The dynamic control in step 5 and the real-time monitoring module in step 6 are linked, allowing for dynamic adjustment of strategies based on changes in the soil environment and microbial activity, solving the problems of lack of control, unstable efficiency, and difficulty in quantifying the effect during the remediation process. The compliance verification in step 7 ensures the quality of remediation, while the maintenance and long-term monitoring in step 8 consolidate the effect and prevent rebound. The entire technology system requires no harmful chemical agents, the carrier can be naturally degraded without secondary pollution, it balances remediation efficiency and eco-friendliness, is applicable to a variety of pollution scenarios, and is easy to scale up. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "front", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0017] To address the problems existing in the background technology, this application proposes the following technical solution: a grid-based microbial synergistic degradation and remediation method for pesticide residue soil, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Preliminary investigation and physicochemical property analysis of contaminated soil; First, a comprehensive investigation is conducted on the target pesticide residue contaminated soil area to clarify the contamination range, contamination degree, and pesticide residue types. A grid-based sampling method is used to sample the contaminated area, collecting soil samples from two layers at each sampling point: 0-20cm (topsoil layer) and 20-40cm (subtopsoil layer), with each sample weighing no less than 1kg. After removing impurities such as stones and plant debris, the collected soil samples were divided into two parts: one part was used for pesticide residue type and concentration detection, employing techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to accurately detect the specific content of various pesticide residues such as organophosphorus, pyrethroids, and carbamates in the soil; the other part was used for soil physicochemical property analysis, with detection indicators including pH value (potentiometric method), organic matter content (potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method), moisture content (oven drying method), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content (elemental analyzer method), soil particle composition (laser particle size analyzer method), and indigenous microbial community structure (high-throughput sequencing method).

[0018] Based on the test results, a contaminated soil information database was constructed, and pollution levels were classified (mild pollution: pesticide residue concentration 0.1-1 mg / kg; moderate pollution: 1-10 mg / kg; severe pollution: >10 mg / kg), clarifying the remediation priorities for different polluted areas. Simultaneously, the structural characteristics of indigenous microbial communities were analyzed to identify potential pesticide degradation-related microorganisms in the soil, providing a basis for the subsequent screening and compatibility of functional microbial communities. Furthermore, preliminary improvement plans were developed to address deficiencies in soil physicochemical properties (such as acidic or alkaline pH, and excessively low organic matter content), creating suitable environmental conditions for subsequent microbial remediation.

[0019] The aforementioned technical solution lays a solid foundation for subsequent remediation work through comprehensive surveys and physicochemical analysis of contaminated soil. This step clarifies the scope, extent, and types of pesticides involved in the contamination, and identifies key soil physicochemical indicators and the structure of indigenous microbial communities, avoiding blind spots in remediation efforts. Classifying pollution levels and developing preliminary remediation plans based on survey data allows for precise matching of remediation needs, enhancing the targeted nature of subsequent remediation measures. Simultaneously, it identifies potential degrading microorganisms in the soil, providing a scientific basis for functional microbial community screening and effectively mitigating the problem of inappropriate remediation plans due to information gaps.

[0020] Step 2: Screening of Functional Microbial Communities and Construction of Synergistic Degradation System; Based on the pesticide residue types detected in Step 1, a multi-microbial synergistic degradation system was constructed using the approach of indigenous microbial enrichment, target microbial isolation, functional verification, and synergistic compatibility. Specific operations are as follows: Enrichment and isolation of indigenous degrading bacteria: Soil samples from lightly polluted areas were added to selective culture media containing the corresponding pesticide residues (concentration 1-2 times the actual residue concentration in the soil). The samples were incubated at 30℃ and 150 r / min for 7-10 days to enrich the indigenous degrading bacteria. After enrichment, the bacterial solution was inoculated onto solid selective culture media using the dilution plating method and incubated at 30℃ for 3-5 days. Single colonies with different morphologies and colors were selected and subjected to multiple streak purification processes to obtain single bacterial strains.

[0021] Functional validation of the target degrading bacteria: The purified single strain was inoculated into liquid culture medium containing the target pesticide residue and cultured at 30℃ and 150 rpm for 7-10 days with shaking. The pesticide residue concentration in the culture medium was detected by GC-MS / LC-MS, and the degradation rate of the strain was calculated. Strains with a degradation rate greater than 50% were screened as candidate degrading bacteria. The strain species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to clarify their taxonomic position (e.g., Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Sphingosporium, etc.).

[0022] Synergistic Microbial Community Compatibility and Optimization: Based on the degradation characteristics of candidate degrading bacteria (pesticide types, degradation efficiency, growth rate, etc.), 3-5 different types of degrading bacteria were selected for synergistic degradation experiments in pairs and multiple combinations. Different combinations of bacteria were inoculated into culture media containing compound pesticide residues. After culturing for 7-10 days, the pesticide residue degradation rate was measured, and the bacterial community combination with the best synergistic degradation effect was screened (synergistic degradation rate increased by more than 30% compared to a single strain). Simultaneously, 2-3 auxiliary functional bacteria were introduced: firstly, enzyme-producing bacteria (such as white-rot fungi producing peroxidase and laccase) to promote the decomposition of recalcitrant pesticides by secreting extracellular enzymes; secondly, growth-promoting bacteria (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) to improve soil nutrient status and promote the growth and reproduction of degrading bacteria. The inoculation ratio of each bacterial community was optimized through orthogonal experiments, ultimately constructing a multi-microbial synergistic degradation system of "degrading bacteria + enzyme-producing bacteria + growth-promoting bacteria" to ensure its efficient degradation capability for multiple pesticide residues in the target area.

[0023] Microbial community expansion culture: The constructed synergistic degradative bacterial community was inoculated into the fermentation medium and expanded using a batch fermentation method. Fermentation conditions were: temperature 30℃, pH 6.5-7.5, dissolved oxygen 5-8 mg / L, and fermentation time 48-72 h. During fermentation, the bacterial concentration (OD600), pH, and metabolite content were monitored in real time. Fermentation was stopped when the bacterial concentration reached 10^9 CFU / mL or higher, yielding a highly active synergistic degradative bacterial agent.

[0024] The aforementioned technical solution utilizes a multi-microbial synergistic degradation system, overcoming the limitations of traditional single or simple composite microbial strains with narrow degradation spectra. Through enrichment, functional verification, and synergistic formulation of indigenous bacteria, highly efficient degradation strains are screened and combined with enzyme-producing and growth-promoting bacteria. The complementary metabolism of the microbial community enables the simultaneous degradation of multiple pesticide residues. The highly active microbial agents obtained through expanded cultivation ensure the supply of microbial communities during the remediation process, solving the problem of poor remediation effects of existing technologies for complex pollution. This provides core biological resources for subsequent efficient degradation, while the screening of indigenous bacteria enhances the adaptability of the microbial community to the local soil environment.

[0025] Step 3: Design and Preparation of a Biodegradable Mesh Carrier; To achieve efficient colonization and precise distribution of synergistic degrading microbial agents, an environmentally friendly biodegradable mesh carrier was designed. This carrier combines the functions of microbial agent fixation, nutrient supply, and environmental response. The specific preparation steps are as follows: Carrier substrate selection: Corn straw cellulose, polylactic acid (PLA), and chitosan were selected as the main substrates. Corn straw cellulose and PLA provide the mesh structure support of the carrier, while chitosan has good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, which can promote the adsorption and colonization of degrading bacteria. The substrate ratio is corn straw cellulose: PLA: chitosan = 5:3:2 (mass ratio).

[0026] Functional Additives: The following functional additives are added to the substrate: Nutrient regulators: including glucose, peptone, and yeast extract (mass ratio 3:2:1), providing initial nutrition for the growth and metabolism of degrading bacteria; Environmentally responsive materials: pH-sensitive sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) and temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are selected, which can dynamically release nutrients and regulatory factors according to changes in soil pH (5.5-8.5) and temperature (15-35℃); Water-retaining agent: Sodium polyacrylate (mass fraction 5%) is selected to improve the water retention capacity of the carrier and provide a suitable humidity environment for microbial growth; Antibacterial agent: 2% tea polyphenols are added to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria and ensure the dominant position of degrading bacteria.

[0027] Preparation of the mesh carrier: The above-mentioned substrate and functional additives are mixed evenly, and an appropriate amount of deionized water is added and stirred to form a paste. The paste is spun into fibers with a diameter of 50-100 μm using electrospinning technology, and then woven into a mesh structure with a mesh size of 1-2 cm (adjusted according to soil particle size to ensure full contact between the carrier and the soil). The woven mesh carrier is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 60℃ for 12 hours, followed by sterilization (121℃ high-pressure steam sterilization for 20 minutes) to obtain a biodegradable mesh carrier. This carrier can naturally degrade in soil (degradation period is 3-6 months), and the degradation products are carbon dioxide, water, and organic matter, without producing secondary pollution.

[0028] Microbial loading treatment: The highly active synergistic degrading microbial agent prepared in step 2 was diluted with sterile water at a ratio of 1:10. The degradable mesh carrier was then immersed in the diluted microbial solution and soaked at 30°C under sterile conditions for 24 hours to allow the degrading bacteria to fully adsorb onto the fiber surface and internal pores of the carrier. After soaking, the mesh carrier was removed and allowed to air dry naturally in a sterile environment, yielding a functional mesh carrier loaded with the synergistic degrading microbial agent. The bacterial count on the carrier could reach over 10^7 CFU / g.

[0029] In the above technical solution: the prepared biodegradable mesh carrier achieves efficient immobilization and environmentally friendly delivery of the degrading bacterial agent. The carrier is made of biocompatible materials, possessing both nutrient supply and environmental response functions, providing a stable microenvironment for the degrading bacteria and significantly improving their colonization ability and survival time. The carrier is biodegradable and causes no secondary pollution, avoiding the shortcomings of traditional immobilized carriers such as poor dispersibility and susceptibility to contamination. The bacterial agent loading treatment ensures the activity of the bacterial community on the carrier, providing a highly efficient functional carrier for subsequent mesh remediation and improving the utilization efficiency of the bacterial agent.

[0030] Step 4: Construction and Precise Deployment of the Network-Based Remediation System; Based on the results of the contaminated soil survey in Step 1, and considering the soil pollution level and topographical characteristics, a network-based remediation system is constructed to achieve precise deployment of functional mesh carriers. Specific operations are as follows: Network Area Division: The contaminated area is divided into lightly polluted, moderately polluted, and heavily polluted areas according to pollution level. Different network densities are used in different areas: the network density in lightly polluted areas is 2-3 sheets / m². 2 The moderately polluted area has 4-5 sheets / m². 2 The heavily polluted area has 6-8 sheets / m² 2 At the same time, based on the thickness of the soil tillage layer (0-20cm), the netting depth is determined to be 15-20cm (to ensure that the carrier is located in the main distribution area of ​​pesticide residues).

[0031] Netting design: The netting method adopts a "horizontal flat laying + vertical interlacing" method. In the horizontal direction, the functional mesh carrier is laid parallel to the ground, with the edges of two adjacent carriers overlapping by 5-10cm to ensure no dead corners are covered. In the vertical direction, a vertical carrier strip (cut from a 10cm wide functional mesh carrier) is set every 50cm and inserted vertically into the soil to a depth of 40cm to achieve the connection and repair between the topsoil and sub-topsoil layers and prevent pesticide residues from penetrating downwards.

[0032] Precise application: A small netting machine (suitable for different scenarios such as farmland and orchards) is used to apply the functional mesh carriers. For large, flat contaminated areas, mechanized netting is used; for areas with complex terrain (such as mountains and hills), manual netting is used. During application, the netting location, density, and number of carriers are recorded in real time to establish a netting record and ensure the traceability of the remediation process. After application, a rotary tiller is used to till the top 0-20cm of soil to the same depth as the netting, ensuring thorough mixing of the functional mesh carriers with the soil and improving the contact efficiency between degrading bacteria and pesticide residues.

[0033] The aforementioned technical solution utilizes a network-based remediation system, enabling precise and comprehensive application of remediation measures. Network areas are divided according to pollution levels, and differentiated network densities are designed. A combination of horizontal spreading and vertical interleaving ensures thorough coverage of the remediation substrate, addressing both the topsoil and sub-topsoil layers and preventing pesticide residues from penetrating downwards. Precise application combines mechanized and manual assistance, adapting to different terrains. A network archive ensures remediation traceability, and rotary tillage improves the contact efficiency between the substrate and the soil, resolving the waste and uneven remediation issues caused by the extensive application of traditional microbial agents.

[0034] Step 5: Dynamic Regulation of the Remediation Process; To ensure the growth, metabolism, and degradation efficiency of the synergistic degrading microbial community, dynamic regulation is implemented during the remediation process. Specific measures are as follows: Soil Environment Regulation: Based on the soil physicochemical property analysis results in Step 1, soil pH, moisture content, and organic matter content are regulated. If the soil pH is acidic (<6.0), apply an appropriate amount of lime (50-100 kg / mu); if the pH is alkaline (>8.0), apply an appropriate amount of humic acid (100-150 kg / mu) to adjust the soil pH to a suitable range of 6.5-7.5. Soil moisture content is controlled at 60%-70% of field capacity, supplemented by drip irrigation to avoid drought or waterlogging affecting microbial growth. For soils with excessively low organic matter content (<2%), apply well-rotted organic fertilizer (2000-3000 kg / mu) to improve soil fertility and microbial activity.

[0035] Nutrient supplementation: In the early stage of remediation (1-2 weeks), spray an appropriate amount of nutrient supplement solution (containing glucose, amino acids, trace elements, etc.) into the soil through the drip irrigation system to supplement the nutrients required for the growth of degrading bacteria; in the middle stage of remediation (3-6 weeks), according to the microbial activity monitoring results (step 6), if the bacterial activity decreases, spray the nutrient supplement solution once every 10-15 days, with the amount being 50% of the initial amount; in the late stage of remediation (7-12 weeks), stop spraying the nutrient supplement solution, and rely on the soil's own organic matter and the nutrients released by the carrier to maintain microbial growth.

[0036] Addition of exogenous regulatory factors: For recalcitrant pesticide residues (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides), add appropriate degradation promoters (such as vitamin B12 and iron humate, at a rate of 5-10 kg / mu) during the mid-stage of remediation. This promotes the enzyme activity of degrading bacteria and enhances the degradation efficiency of recalcitrant pesticides. Simultaneously, regularly loosen the soil (every 20 days) to increase soil aeration, improve dissolved oxygen content, and promote the metabolic activity of aerobic degrading bacteria.

[0037] In the above technical solution: dynamic regulation of the remediation process ensures the stable activity and degradation efficiency of the synergistic degrading microbial community. Soil environmental regulation optimizes pH, moisture content, and organic matter content to create suitable conditions for microbial growth; phased nutrient supplementation precisely matches the growth needs of the microbial community, avoiding nutrient over- or under-nutrient intake; and the addition of exogenous regulatory factors and regular soil loosening further enhance the degradation effect of recalcitrant pesticides and soil permeability. This step effectively avoids the problem of decreased degradation efficiency due to environmental fluctuations, ensuring the stable progress of the remediation process.

[0038] Step 6: Remediation Process Monitoring and Data Acquisition; To achieve visualization and precision in the remediation process, a monitoring module is embedded in the network-based remediation system for real-time monitoring and data acquisition. Specific monitoring content and methods are as follows: Microbial Activity Monitoring: Monitoring points are set up in the network area (each point corresponds to a different pollution level). Each monitoring point is embedded with a microbial activity sensor (based on electrochemical principles, detecting electronic signals generated by microbial metabolism) to monitor the activity of degrading bacteria in real time (expressed as relative activity values, ranging from 0-100%). Sensor data is collected weekly. If the relative microbial activity is below 60%, nutrient supplementation or environmental control measures are initiated promptly (Step 5). Simultaneously, soil samples are collected every two weeks, and the plate count method is used to detect changes in the number of degrading bacteria in the soil, ensuring that the concentration of degrading bacteria is maintained above 10^6 CFU / g.

[0039] Pesticide residue concentration monitoring: Pesticide residue detection probes (based on immunosensing technology, specifically identifying target pesticide residues) are placed at monitoring points to monitor changes in pesticide residue concentrations in the soil in real time. Probe detection data are collected weekly, and soil samples are simultaneously validated using GC-MS / LC-MS to calculate pesticide residue degradation rates. If the degradation rate is lower than expected (expected degradation rate ≥80% for lightly polluted areas, ≥70% for moderately polluted areas, and ≥60% for heavily polluted areas), the causes are analyzed and remediation strategies are adjusted (e.g., increasing netting density, supplementing with microbial agents, etc.).

[0040] Soil physicochemical properties and ecological indicators monitoring: Soil pH, moisture content, organic matter content, and soil enzyme activities (urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase) are tested every three weeks to assess the improvement of the soil environment. Simultaneously, high-throughput sequencing is used to analyze changes in the structure of the soil's indigenous microbial community to ensure that the remediation process does not disrupt the soil's ecological balance. In addition, indicators such as heavy metal content in the soil and groundwater quality are monitored to identify the risk of secondary pollution.

[0041] Data Management and Analysis: A remediation process database is established, and monitoring data (microbial activity, pesticide residue concentration, soil physicochemical properties, etc.) are entered into the database in real time. Software such as SPSS and Origin are used for data statistics and analysis, remediation curves are plotted, and the remediation cycle is predicted. Simultaneously, a mobile monitoring platform is developed to enable remote viewing and management of remediation data, facilitating timely adjustments to the remediation plan by staff.

[0042] The above technical solutions achieve visualized and precise control of remediation work. The embedding of microbial activity sensors and pesticide residue detection probes enables real-time capture of changes in microbial activity and pesticide residue concentration, providing data support for dynamic regulation. Monitoring of soil physicochemical properties and ecological indicators allows for timely assessment of soil environmental improvement and ecological safety, and the identification of secondary pollution risks. The establishment of a database and the development of a mobile monitoring platform facilitate remote management and data traceability, avoiding blind remediation and improving the scientific rigor of remediation decisions.

[0043] Step 7: Remediation Effectiveness Assessment and Compliance Verification; After the remediation period reaches the expected cycle (3-4 months for lightly polluted areas, 5-6 months for moderately polluted areas, and 7-8 months for heavily polluted areas), the remediation effectiveness assessment and compliance verification are conducted. The specific steps are as follows: Sampling and Testing: Soil samples are collected in the remediation area using a diagonal sampling method (two layers: 0-20cm and 20-40cm). Three replicate samples are set up at each sampling point. Control samples are also set up in the unremediated polluted soil area. Detection indicators include: pesticide residue concentration (GC-MS / LC-MS method, detection limit ≤0.01mg / kg), number of degrading bacteria (plate count method), soil physicochemical properties (pH value, organic matter content, soil enzyme activity), soil microbial community structure (high-throughput sequencing method), and groundwater quality (pH value, COD, pesticide residue content).

[0044] Remediation effectiveness evaluation indicators: Pesticide residue removal rate: Calculate the pesticide residue removal rate at each sampling point, requiring a removal rate of ≥90% for lightly polluted areas, ≥85% for moderately polluted areas, and ≥80% for heavily polluted areas; Soil quality restoration: Soil pH value restored to 6.5-7.5, organic matter content ≥2%, and soil enzyme activity increased by more than 30% compared to before remediation; Ecological safety: The number of degrading bacteria maintained above 10^5 CFU / g, the structure of the soil indigenous microbial community restored to the level of unpolluted soil, and the groundwater quality meets the Class III standard of the "Groundwater Quality Standard" (GB / T14848-2017), with no secondary pollution generated.

[0045] Compliance verification and rectification: If all assessment indicators meet the requirements, the remediation area is deemed to have met the standards, and the remediation work is stopped; if some indicators fail to meet the standards (such as pesticide residue removal rate not meeting expectations), the reasons are analyzed (such as insufficient mesh density, decreased microbial activity, unsuitable soil environment, etc.), and a rectification plan is formulated, such as supplementing functional mesh carriers, strengthening nutrient regulation, optimizing the soil environment, etc. Remediation continues for 1-2 months, and compliance verification is carried out again until all indicators meet the requirements.

[0046] In the aforementioned technical solution, the remediation effect assessment and compliance verification ensure the quality and safety of the remediation work. Scientific sampling site selection and comprehensive testing indicators objectively reflect the remediation effect, covering core dimensions such as pesticide residue removal, soil quality restoration, and ecological safety. The compliance verification mechanism strictly controls the remediation quality; rectification plans for cases where standards are not met can address specific problems, avoiding pollution rebound caused by incomplete remediation. This step provides clear standards for the completion of the remediation work, ensuring that the remediated soil meets the requirements for agricultural production and ecological safety.

[0047] Step 8: Post-Remediation Soil Maintenance and Long-Term Monitoring; To consolidate the remediation effect and prevent pesticide residue rebound, the soil after reaching the standard will be maintained and long-term monitoring will be carried out. Specific measures are as follows: Soil Maintenance Measures: After the remediation reaches the standard, apply an appropriate amount of biochar to the soil (application rate of 500-1000 kg / mu). Biochar has a large specific surface area and adsorption capacity, which can adsorb trace amounts of pesticide residues in the soil, while improving soil structure and promoting microbial growth. Plant plants with purification functions (such as ryegrass and alfalfa). Through the absorption and secretion of plant roots, trace amounts of pesticide residues will be further removed, while increasing the soil organic matter content. Rationally regulate soil moisture content and tillage methods to avoid excessive tillage that damages soil structure and maintain soil ecological balance.

[0048] Long-term monitoring plan: Establish a long-term monitoring mechanism. In the first year after remediation, monitor soil pesticide residue concentration, degrading bacteria quantity, and soil enzyme activity every 3 months; in the second year, monitor every 6 months; and in the third year, monitor annually. The monitoring points are set up in the same manner as in step 7, and simultaneously monitor the pesticide residue content of crops grown in the soil (meeting the requirements of the National Food Safety Standard for Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB2763-2021)). If a rebound in pesticide residue concentration is found (exceeding the standard limit), emergency remediation measures should be initiated promptly (such as supplementing functional mesh carriers, spraying degrading bacteria agents, etc.) to ensure long-term stability of soil quality.

[0049] Remediation Technology Summary and Optimization: A technical summary of the entire remediation process is conducted, analyzing the impact of factors such as mesh density, microbial community compatibility, and control measures on remediation effectiveness. A database of remediation parameters for different types of contaminated soil is established. Based on the summary results, carrier materials, microbial community combinations, and mesh placement methods are optimized to improve the applicability and economy of the remediation technology, providing technical support for the remediation of similar contaminated soils in the future.

[0050] In the above technical solution: post-remediation soil maintenance and long-term monitoring consolidate the remediation effect and ensure long-term stability of soil quality. Soil maintenance measures, through biochar application and the planting of purifying plants, further remove trace pesticide residues and improve soil structure; the long-term monitoring mechanism can promptly detect pesticide residue rebound issues, and emergency remediation measures can respond and handle them quickly. The technical summary and optimization work sorted out the key parameters of remediation, providing technical support for the remediation of similar contaminated soils, improving the applicability and promotion value of this remediation method, and achieving the durability of remediation effects and the iterability of the technology.

[0051] In summary, Step 1, the preliminary investigation, accurately identifies pollution information, providing a targeted basis for subsequent remediation, avoiding the blindness of traditional remediation, and solving the problem of waste of microbial agents caused by extensive remediation. Step 2, the construction of a multi-microbial synergistic system, relies on the screening of indigenous bacteria to improve environmental adaptability and broadens the degradation spectrum through complementary microbial metabolism, overcoming the shortcomings of single-species degradation with narrow range and inability to cope with complex pollution. Step 3, the biodegradable mesh carrier, provides a stable growth microenvironment, significantly improving the colonization ability and survival time of degrading bacteria, solving the problems of easy loss and poor colonization of degrading bacteria. Step 4, the mesh-based application combined with pollution level and terrain characteristics, achieves precise and uniform distribution of microbial agents, further improving the utilization rate of microbial agents. Step 5, the dynamic control, and Step 6, the real-time monitoring module are linked, allowing for dynamic adjustment of strategies based on changes in soil environment and microbial activity, solving the problems of lack of control, unstable efficiency, and difficulty in quantifying effects during the remediation process. Step 7, the compliance verification, ensures the quality of remediation, while Step 8, the maintenance and long-term monitoring, consolidates the effects and prevents rebound. The entire technology system requires no harmful chemical agents, the carrier can be naturally degraded without secondary pollution, it balances remediation efficiency and eco-friendliness, is applicable to a variety of pollution scenarios, and is easy to scale up.

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, the scope of the invention will be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a network-based microbial system, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Preliminary investigation and physicochemical analysis of contaminated soil. First, investigate the areas of soil contaminated with target pesticide residues to clarify the scope, degree of contamination, and types of pesticide residues. Step 2: Screening of functional microbial communities and construction of a synergistic degradation system. Based on the pesticide residue types detected in Step 1, construct a multi-microbial community synergistic degradation system using methods such as native bacteria enrichment, target bacteria isolation, functional verification, and synergistic formulation. Step 3: Construction and preparation of a biodegradable mesh carrier. Construct an environmentally friendly biodegradable mesh carrier. Step 4: Construction and deployment of a mesh-based remediation system. Based on the pollution findings in Step 1... Based on the soil survey results, combined with the soil pollution level and topographic characteristics, a network-based remediation system was constructed to deploy functional network carriers; Step 5: Dynamic control of the remediation process; Step 6: Monitoring and data collection of the remediation process, embedding monitoring modules into the network-based remediation system for real-time monitoring and data collection; Step 7: Remediation effect evaluation and compliance verification, conducting remediation effect evaluation and compliance verification after the expected remediation period; Step 8: Post-remediation soil maintenance and long-term monitoring, maintaining the soil after compliance and conducting long-term monitoring.

2. The method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a network-based microbial system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 is as follows: A grid sampling method is used to sample the contaminated area. Two soil layers, 0-20cm and 20-40cm, are collected at each sampling point, with each sample weighing at least 1kg. After removing stones and plant debris, the collected soil samples are divided into two parts: one part is used for pesticide residue type and concentration detection, employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect the specific content of various pesticide residues, including organophosphorus, pyrethroids, and carbamates; the other part is used for soil physicochemical property analysis, including pH value, organic matter content, water content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium content, soil particle composition, and indigenous microbial community structure. Based on the test results, a contaminated soil information database is constructed, pollution levels are classified, and remediation priorities for different contaminated areas are determined. Simultaneously, the characteristics of the indigenous microbial community structure are analyzed to identify potential pesticide degradation-related microorganisms in the soil.

3. The method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a network-based microbial system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 2 is as follows: Enrichment and isolation of indigenous degrading bacteria: Soil samples from lightly polluted areas are added to selective culture media containing the corresponding pesticide residues and cultured at 30℃ and 150 rpm for 7-10 days with constant temperature shaking to enrich the indigenous degrading bacteria. After enrichment, the bacterial solution is inoculated onto solid selective culture media using the dilution plating method and cultured at 30℃ for 3-5 days. Single colonies with different morphologies and colors are selected and subjected to multiple streak purifications to obtain a single strain. Functional verification of the target degrading bacteria: The purified single strain is inoculated into liquid culture media containing the target pesticide residues and cultured at 30℃ and 150 rpm for 7-10 days with shaking. The pesticide residue concentration in the culture medium is detected using GC-MS / LC-MS, and the degradation rate of the strain is calculated. Strains with a degradation rate greater than 50% are selected as candidate degrading bacteria. The strain species were identified and their taxonomic status was clarified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Synergistic microbial community compatibility and optimization: Based on the degradation characteristics of candidate degrading bacteria, 3-5 different types of degrading bacteria were selected for synergistic degradation experiments in pairs and multiple combinations. Different combinations of microbial communities were inoculated into a culture medium containing compound pesticide residues, and the pesticide residue degradation rate was detected after 7-10 days of cultivation. The microbial community combination with the best synergistic degradation effect was screened. Simultaneously, 2-3 auxiliary functional bacteria were introduced: one is enzyme-producing bacteria, which promote the decomposition of recalcitrant pesticides by secreting extracellular enzymes; the other is growth-promoting bacteria, which improve soil nutrient status and promote the growth and reproduction of degrading bacteria. The inoculation ratio of each microbial community was optimized through orthogonal experiments, and finally, a multi-microbial community synergistic degradation system was constructed. Microbial community expansion culture: The constructed synergistic degradation microbial community was inoculated into a fermentation medium and expanded using batch fermentation.

4. The method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a mesh-based microbial network, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that... In step 3, the specific preparation steps are as follows: Carrier substrate selection: Corn straw cellulose, polylactic acid, and chitosan are selected as the main substrates, with corn straw cellulose and PLA providing the network structure support for the carrier; the substrate ratio is corn straw cellulose: PLA: chitosan = 5:3:2 by mass; Functional additive compatibility: The following functional additives are added to the substrate: Nutrient regulators: including glucose, peptone, and yeast extract; Environmentally responsive materials: pH-sensitive sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are selected, which can dynamically release nutrients and regulatory factors according to changes in soil pH and temperature; Water-retaining agent: Sodium polyacrylate is selected to improve the water-retaining capacity of the carrier; Antibacterial agent: 2% (w / w) of tea polyphenols is added to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria; Preparation of the mesh carrier: The above-mentioned substrate and functional additives are mixed evenly, and an appropriate amount of deionized water is added and stirred to form a paste; the paste is spun into fibers with a diameter of 50-100μm using electrospinning technology, and then woven into a mesh structure with a mesh size of 1-2cm using a weaving machine; the woven mesh carrier is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 60℃ for 12h, and then sterilized. The process involves obtaining a biodegradable mesh carrier. This carrier can naturally degrade in soil, and the degradation products are carbon dioxide, water, and organic matter. The microbial agent loading treatment involves diluting the highly active synergistic degrading microbial agent prepared in step 2 with sterile water at a ratio of 1:

10. The biodegradable mesh carrier is then immersed in the diluted microbial solution and soaked at 30°C under sterile conditions for 24 hours to allow the degrading bacteria to fully adsorb onto the fiber surface and internal pores of the carrier. After soaking, the mesh carrier is removed and placed in a sterile environment to air dry naturally, thus obtaining a functional mesh carrier loaded with the synergistic degrading microbial agent.

5. The method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a network-based microbial system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step 4 involves the following: Dividing the polluted area into lightly polluted, moderately polluted, and heavily polluted zones according to their pollution levels. Different netting densities are used for different zones: the netting density for lightly polluted zones is 2-3 sheets / m². 2 The moderately polluted area has 4-5 sheets / m². 2 The heavily polluted area has 6-8 sheets / m² 2 Netting Design: A horizontally laid and vertically interwoven netting method is adopted. Horizontally, the functional mesh carriers are laid parallel to the ground, with the edges of adjacent carriers overlapping by 5-10cm to ensure no blind spots. Vertically, a longitudinal carrier strip is set every 50cm, inserted vertically into the soil to a depth of 40cm, achieving interconnection and remediation between the topsoil and sub-topsoil layers and preventing pesticide residues from seeping downwards. Precise Application: A small netting machine is used to apply the functional mesh carriers. For large, flat contaminated areas, mechanized netting is used; for areas with complex terrain, manual netting is used. During deployment, the location, density, and number of carriers of the net are recorded in real time to establish a net deployment archive and ensure the traceability of the restoration process. After placement, use a rotary tiller to till the soil surface once, with the tilling depth matching the netting depth, so that the functional mesh carrier is fully mixed with the soil.

6. The method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a network-based microbial system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 5, the specific steps are as follows: Soil environment regulation: Based on the soil physicochemical property analysis results in step 1, regulate the soil pH, water content, and organic matter content; if the soil pH is too acidic, apply an appropriate amount of lime to the soil. If the pH is too alkaline, apply humic acid to adjust the soil pH to a suitable range of 6.5-7.5; control the soil moisture content to 60%-70% of field capacity and supplement water through a drip irrigation system; for soils with low organic matter content, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer; nutrient supplementation: in the early stage of remediation, spray an appropriate amount of nutrient supplement solution into the soil through a drip irrigation system to supplement the nutrients needed for the growth of degrading bacteria. During the mid-stage of the restoration process, based on the results of microbial activity monitoring, if bacterial activity declines, a nutrient supplement solution should be sprayed every 10-15 days, with the dosage being 50% of that used in the initial stage. In the later stages of restoration, stop spraying nutrient supplement solution and rely on the soil's own organic matter and nutrients released by the carrier to maintain microbial growth. Addition of exogenous regulatory factors: In the mid-stage of remediation, an appropriate amount of degradation promoter is added to target the recalcitrant pesticide residues. This promotes the enzyme activity of the degrading bacteria and improves the degradation efficiency of the recalcitrant pesticides. At the same time, the soil is loosened regularly.

7. The method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a network-based microbial system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 6 specifically includes the following: Microbial activity monitoring: Monitoring points are set up in the network area, with each monitoring point embedding a microbial activity sensor to monitor the activity of degrading bacteria in real time; sensor data is collected weekly, and if the relative activity of microorganisms is below 60%, nutrient supplementation or environmental control measures are initiated promptly; simultaneously, soil samples are collected every two weeks, and the plate count method is used to detect changes in the number of degrading bacteria in the soil; Pesticide residue concentration monitoring: Pesticide residue detection probes are placed at the monitoring points to monitor changes in pesticide residue concentration in the soil in real time, and probe detection data is collected weekly. GC-MS / LC-MS is used to simultaneously validate the soil samples, and the pesticide residue degradation rate is calculated. If the degradation rate is low... As expected, the causes were analyzed and remediation strategies were adjusted. Soil physicochemical properties and ecological indicators were monitored: soil pH, moisture content, organic matter content, and soil enzyme activity were tested every three weeks to assess the improvement of the soil environment. Simultaneously, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze changes in the structure of the soil's indigenous microbial community. In addition, heavy metal content in the soil and groundwater quality indicators were monitored to investigate the risk of secondary pollution. Data management and analysis: a remediation process database was established, and monitoring data was entered into the database in real time. SPSS and Origin software were used for data statistics and analysis, remediation curves were plotted, and the remediation cycle was predicted. Furthermore, a mobile monitoring platform was developed to enable remote viewing and management of remediation data.

8. The method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a mesh-based microbial network, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... Step 7 involves assessing the remediation effect and verifying compliance. The specific steps are as follows: Sampling and Testing: Soil samples are collected in the remediation area using a diagonal sampling method, with three replicate samples at each sampling point. A control sample is also set up in the unremediated contaminated soil area. Testing indicators include: pesticide residue concentration, number of degrading bacteria, soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial community structure, and groundwater quality. Remediation effect assessment indicators: Pesticide residue removal rate: The pesticide residue removal rate at each sampling point is calculated, requiring a removal rate ≥90% for lightly contaminated areas, ≥85% for moderately contaminated areas, and ≥80% for heavily contaminated areas. Soil quality recovery: Soil pH value recovers to 6.5-7.5, organic matter content ≥2%, and soil enzyme activity increases by more than 30% compared to before remediation. Ecological safety: The number of degrading bacteria remains above 10^5 CFU / g, and the soil indigenous microbial community structure recovers to the level of uncontaminated soil. Compliance Verification and Rectification: If all assessment indicators meet the requirements, the remediation area is deemed compliant, and remediation work is stopped. If some indicators fail to meet the requirements, the reasons are analyzed, and a rectification plan is formulated.

9. The method for the coordinated degradation and remediation of pesticide residues in soil using a network-based microbial system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step 8 includes the following: Soil maintenance measures: After remediation reaches the standard, apply an appropriate amount of biochar to the soil to adsorb trace pesticide residues and improve soil structure. Plant plants with purifying functions to further remove trace pesticide residues through the absorption and secretion of plant roots, while increasing soil organic matter content. Long-term monitoring plan: Establish a long-term monitoring mechanism. In the first year after remediation, monitor soil pesticide residue concentration, degradation bacteria count, and soil enzyme activity every 3 months; in the second year, monitor every 6 months; and in the third year, monitor annually. The monitoring points are set up in the same way as in step 7. At the same time, monitor the pesticide residue content of crops planted in the soil. If a rebound in pesticide residue concentration is found, emergency remediation measures should be initiated in a timely manner. Summary and optimization of remediation technology: Summarize the entire remediation process, analyze the impact of factors such as net density, microbial community compatibility, and control measures on the remediation effect, and establish a database of remediation parameters for different types of contaminated soil.

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