Water guide laser head and water guide laser processing device

Abstract

The application discloses a water guide laser head and a water guide laser processing device, relates to the technical field of laser processing, and aims to solve the problem that the existing water guide laser head cannot cool the lens and cannot internally dry. The water guide laser head is provided with a vortex separation structure on the shell, can separate the input high-pressure gas into cold gas flow and hot gas flow, wherein the cold gas flow can flow into the lens cavity from the cold gas outlet of the vortex separation channel through the cooling channel, directly contact the lens assembly and exchange heat, and then be discharged from the cold gas discharge hole, effectively reducing the lens temperature and drying and cleaning the lens cavity; the hot gas flow can flow into the drying chamber and the nozzle cooperation gap from the hot gas outlet of the vortex separation channel, dry the inside of the water guide laser head, take away the internal moisture and impurities, and then be discharged through the hot gas discharge structure, forming a positive pressure gas flow blown outward, and further ensuring that the inside of the water guide laser head is dry and clean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser processing technology, specifically relating to a water-guided laser head and a water-guided laser processing device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of laser processing technology, water-guided laser technology, with its advantages of using water jets to guide laser light for efficient transmission and precise processing, has been widely used in precision cutting and other fields. As the core component of a water-guided laser processing device, the performance of the water-guided laser head directly determines the processing effect. However, existing water-guided laser heads still face significant challenges in practical applications, with the main problems including:

[0003] 1) The water flow field control is singular and lacks stability. Poor water flow stability leads to low total internal reflection efficiency of the laser in the water flow, and the presence of tiny bubbles in the water flow can easily cause flow interruption. At the same time, phenomena such as swirling and turbulence can cause jet jitter, causing laser head polarization and seriously affecting processing accuracy. Although existing technologies attempt to improve the flow field through rectification structures, for example, the water-guided laser coupling device disclosed in Chinese invention patent application CN120551553A, which improves the stability of the jet to a certain extent by setting a rectification net between the light-transmitting window and the nozzle, using the narrow water passage gap to break up large-scale eddies, and using viscous dissipation to reduce turbulence, the improvement effect of the rectification net is relatively singular. Existing water-guided laser heads lack a multi-stage collaborative processing structure that integrates "buffering-de-swirl-debubbling-flow stabilization" functions.

[0004] 2) Lack of thermal management and protection mechanisms, resulting in short lifespan of core components. Focusing lenses and plane mirrors absorb some energy under high-power laser irradiation. If heat dissipation is insufficient, the lenses are prone to overheating, deformation, or ablation due to heat accumulation. Simultaneously, the water-guided laser head operates in a high-humidity environment, easily leading to rust on metal parts and mold growth on optical components. While existing technologies include moisture-proof designs, such as the water-guided laser processing head disclosed in Chinese invention patent application CN119387812A, which uses a sealed groove to isolate external dust and moisture, ensuring internal airtightness, and injects clean, dry compressed air to further dry the internal space, thus protecting internal components and ensuring stable laser output, this design is flawed. It cannot actively cool the lenses, making it difficult to address heat accumulation issues, nor can it actively dry the interior of the water-guided laser head.

[0005] 3) Severe water mist interference limits processing efficiency and reduces quality. Diffuse water mist causes diffuse reflection and attenuation of the laser beam, significantly reducing the energy density reaching the workpiece surface and thus affecting cutting efficiency; spatter can also contaminate the nozzle. Although existing technologies have spatter suppression designs, such as the active adsorption type water-guided laser jet spatter suppression device disclosed in Chinese invention patent application CN119973350A, which uses a negative pressure adsorption disk in conjunction with a vacuum generator to generate negative pressure, it can actively and effectively absorb the spatter backflow after the high-pressure jet contacts the workpiece, preventing water droplets from accumulating at the lower end of the nozzle and secondary ejection, while continuously absorbing water mist generated in the processing area, protecting the morphological stability of the water jet fiber from multiple aspects and significantly improving processing accuracy and material removal consistency. However, the above device cannot form a defogging mechanism that combines active blocking and efficient adsorption; at the same time, it cannot use coaxial airflow to disperse water mist while assisting in constraining the water column, and water mist can easily interfere with laser transmission, limiting the improvement of the processing efficiency of the water-guided laser head. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a water-guided laser head that can both cool the lens and perform internal drying.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a water-guided laser head, including a housing, a lens assembly and a nozzle assembly;

[0008] The shell has a cavity;

[0009] The lens assembly is disposed in the housing cavity, and a mirror cavity is formed inside it;

[0010] The nozzle assembly is disposed in the housing cavity and located downstream of the optical path of the lens assembly, and a nozzle mating gap is defined between the outer wall of the nozzle assembly and the inner wall of the housing.

[0011] It also includes a vortex separation structure disposed on the housing, the vortex separation structure including a vortex separation channel, the two ends of the vortex separation channel being a cold air outlet and a hot air outlet, respectively;

[0012] The cold air outlet is connected to the mirror cavity through a cooling channel, and the mirror cavity has a cold air exhaust hole on its cavity wall.

[0013] The end of the housing away from the lens assembly forms a drying chamber that is in fluid communication with the nozzle through a gap. The hot air outlet is connected to the drying chamber, and the housing is provided with a hot air exhaust structure that is connected to the drying chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the housing is provided with a gas inlet and an air intake buffer chamber;

[0015] The air intake buffer chamber is an annular chamber that surrounds the shell cavity and is connected to the gas inlet;

[0016] The eddy current separation channels are at least three and are evenly distributed around the circumference of the shell cavity;

[0017] The vortex separation channel is equipped with a vortex-generating structure, which is connected to the intake buffer chamber.

[0018] Furthermore, the vortex-generating structure includes a convergent nozzle disposed in the vortex separation channel;

[0019] An air intake chamber is formed between the outer wall of the converging nozzle and the inner wall of the vortex separation channel. The air intake chamber is connected to the air intake buffer chamber. A cold air overflow channel is provided in the center of the converging nozzle and extends through it axially. An inlet guide groove is provided on the end face of the converging nozzle away from the cold air outlet.

[0020] The inlet guide grooves are at least three in number and are evenly distributed around the cold air overflow channel. The inlet of the inlet guide groove is connected to the air intake chamber, and the outlet of the inlet guide groove is parallel to the first direction.

[0021] The first direction is the tangential direction of the cold air overflow channel.

[0022] Furthermore, a flow damper for adjusting the proportion of hot air flow is provided at the hot air outlet.

[0023] Furthermore, the flow obstructor includes a flow obstruction seat that cooperates with the vortex separation channel. The flow obstruction seat has a flow splitting cone on its end face near the cold air outlet. The flow splitting cone extends axially along the vortex separation channel and its tip faces the cold air outlet. The flow obstruction seat has at least three hot air passages that are evenly distributed around the flow splitting cone.

[0024] Furthermore, the nozzle assembly has a water guide nozzle for ejecting a water jet;

[0025] The hot gas exhaust structure includes a vortex nozzle disposed on the shell. The vortex nozzle is connected to the drying chamber. The vortex nozzle has at least three hot gas exhaust outlets arranged in a ring array around the central axis of the water guide nozzle. The vortex nozzle is provided with a swirling flow channel that corresponds to and is connected to the hot gas exhaust outlet. Both the hot gas exhaust outlet and the water guide nozzle face downwards from the shell.

[0026] Furthermore, the water-guided laser head also includes a vortex suction head, which includes a suction ring and a bracket disposed on the suction ring;

[0027] The housing is provided with a negative pressure suction port;

[0028] The vortex suction head is connected to the housing via a bracket, and the suction ring is positioned to surround the fluid output from the hot gas outlet and the water nozzle.

[0029] The suction ring is provided with a suction chamber, which is connected to the negative pressure suction port;

[0030] The inner ring surface of the suction ring has at least three evenly distributed first suction holes, which are inclined relative to the radial direction of the suction ring.

[0031] At least three evenly distributed second suction holes are provided on the bottom surface of the suction ring;

[0032] Both the first and second suction holes are connected to the suction chamber.

[0033] Furthermore, the suction chamber is connected to the negative pressure suction port through a suction channel opened in the bracket.

[0034] Furthermore, the shell is provided with a water inlet;

[0035] The nozzle assembly includes a nozzle body with a multi-stage water inlet treatment structure. The nozzle body is disposed in the shell cavity and forms a flow stabilizing cavity between it and the lens assembly. The nozzle body has a water guide inlet communicating with the flow stabilizing cavity.

[0036] The multi-stage water inlet treatment structure includes an inlet buffer chamber, a deswirl plate, a transition chamber, a bubble absorber, and a diversion channel that are arranged sequentially and interconnected along the second direction within the nozzle body.

[0037] The water inlet buffer chamber is connected to the water inlet.

[0038] The anti-swirl plate has a honeycomb structure;

[0039] The bubble absorber is a plate made of porous material;

[0040] The flow channel includes at least three branch channels that connect the bubble absorber and the flow stabilizing chamber. Each branch channel is arranged along the axial direction of the nozzle body and distributed in a ring array around the central axis of the nozzle body.

[0041] The second direction is the opposite direction of the liquid sprayed from the nozzle body.

[0042] The present invention also provides a water-guided laser processing apparatus, which includes the above-described water-guided laser head.

[0043] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0044] 1) This water-guided laser head, through an eddy current separation structure on its housing, can separate the input high-pressure gas into cold and hot air streams, achieving graded utilization of gas source energy. The cold air stream flows into the mirror cavity through the cooling channel from the cold air outlet of the eddy current separation channel, directly contacts the lens assembly, exchanges heat, and then exits through the cold air exhaust port. This effectively reduces the lens temperature, preventing overheating, deformation, or ablation caused by heat accumulation. Simultaneously, the cold air stream flowing into the mirror cavity ensures a positive pressure and dry environment, preventing fogging, mold, and rust on the lens assembly. The hot air stream flows into the drying chamber and nozzle mating gap from the hot air outlet of the eddy current separation channel, drying the interior of the water-guided laser head. While removing internal moisture and impurities, it is also discharged through the hot air exhaust structure, forming a positive pressure airflow that effectively ensures the interior of the water-guided laser head is dry and clean, further preventing mold, rust on metal parts, and external moisture recirculation, thus extending the service life of the water-guided laser head.

[0045] 2) The water-guided laser head also includes a vortex suction head. The suction ring of the vortex suction head is positioned to surround the hot gas outlet and the fluid output from the water-guided nozzle. Therefore, the vortex suction head can suck up the spiral airflow discharged from the vortex nozzle to further enhance the vortex effect of the gas sheath. At the same time, it can suck up the water mist and splashes generated during processing to avoid diffuse reflection of the laser in the water mist and splashes, thus ensuring cutting efficiency.

[0046] 3) Through the multi-stage water inlet treatment structure set in the nozzle body, the input water flow can be processed in sequence as “buffering → deswirl → defoaming → flow stabilization”, which can greatly improve the stability of the water flow and avoid flow interruption, prevent the laser head from being polarized, and improve the total reflection efficiency of the laser in the water flow.

[0047] The technical effects brought about or directly generated by other technical features of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the water-guided laser head of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the water-guided laser head of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is an isometric sectional view of the water-guided laser head of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the flow restrictor in the water-guided laser head of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the inverted convergence nozzle in the water-guided laser head of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the inverted vortex nozzle in the water-guided laser head of the present invention;

[0054] The diagram is labeled as follows: 100-Shell, 101-Nozzle fit clearance, 102-Drying chamber, 103-Gas inlet, 104-Inlet buffer chamber, 105-Negative pressure suction port, 106-Water inlet, 110-Edge separation channel, 120-Converging nozzle, 121-Cold air overflow channel, 122-Inlet guide groove, 130-Flow baffle, 131-Flow baffle seat, 132-Flow divider cone, 133-Hot air passage, 140-Edge nozzle, 141-Hot air outlet, 200-Lens assembly, 20 1-Mirror cavity, 202-Cold air exhaust hole, 210-Focusing lens, 220-Planar mirror, 310-Nozzle body, 311-Water guide nozzle, 312-Water guide inlet, 320-Flow stabilizing chamber, 331-Water inlet buffer chamber, 332-Swirl desiccant plate, 333-Transition chamber, 334-Bubble absorber, 335-Branch channel, 400-Vortex suction head, 410-Suction ring, 411-Suction chamber, 412-First suction hole, 413-Second suction hole, 420-Support, 421-Suction channel. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote components with the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0056] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "head," "tail," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or position and dimensional relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0057] When the term "many" indicates a quantity, it usually refers to three or more; for example, "multiple" typically means three or more. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0058] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the water-guided laser head includes a housing 100, a lens assembly 200, and a nozzle assembly;

[0059] The housing 100 is the outer shell of the water-guided laser head, mainly used to install and protect other components; the housing 100 has a cavity.

[0060] The lens assembly 200 is disposed in the housing cavity, and a mirror cavity 201 is formed inside it. The lens assembly 200 generally includes a lens mount, and a focusing mirror 210 and a plane mirror 220 disposed on the lens mount in optical path communication. The space between the focusing mirror 210 and the plane mirror 220 is the mirror cavity 201.

[0061] The nozzle assembly is disposed in the housing cavity and located downstream of the optical path of the lens assembly 200. The outer wall of the nozzle assembly and the inner wall of the housing 100 define a nozzle mating gap 101. The nozzle assembly is a component used to spray water at a certain flow rate and angle to guide the laser. The nozzle assembly generally includes a nozzle body 310, one end of which is provided with a water guide inlet 312 and the other end is provided with a water guide nozzle 311.

[0062] The water-guided laser head also includes an eddy current separation structure disposed on the housing 100. The eddy current separation structure can use the eddy current effect to separate the input high-pressure gas into cold gas and hot gas. The eddy current separation structure can generally form a swirling flow of the input high-pressure gas through tangential inlet channels, swirling blades, spiral guide grooves and other swirling structures, thereby separating the gas. The eddy current separation structure includes an eddy current separation channel 110, with cold gas outlet and hot gas outlet at its two ends, respectively.

[0063] The cold air outlet is connected to the lens cavity 201 through a cooling channel, and a cold air exhaust hole 202 is provided on the cavity wall of the lens cavity 201. In this way, the cold air can flow into the lens cavity 201 from the cold air outlet of the vortex separation channel 110 through the cooling channel, directly contact the lens assembly 200 and exchange heat, and then be discharged from the cold air exhaust hole 202. This effectively reduces the lens temperature, ensures the stability of the lens operating temperature, and maintains the beam quality and focusing accuracy. At the same time, the cold air flowing into the lens cavity 201 can ensure that the lens cavity 201 forms a positive pressure and dry environment, avoiding problems such as fogging, mold, and rusting of the lens assembly 200.

[0064] A drying chamber 102 is formed at the end of the housing cavity away from the lens assembly 200, which is in fluid communication with the nozzle mating gap 101. The hot air outlet is connected to the drying chamber 102, and the housing 100 is provided with a hot air exhaust structure connected to the drying chamber 102. In this way, the hot air flow can flow into the drying chamber 102 and the nozzle mating gap 101 from the hot air outlet of the eddy current separation channel 110 to dry the inside of the water-guided laser head. While removing internal moisture and impurities, it is discharged outward through the hot air exhaust structure, forming a positive pressure airflow blown outward. This effectively ensures that the inside of the water-guided laser head is dry and clean, and further prevents problems such as mold, rust of metal parts, and external water vapor backflow.

[0065] For example Figure 2 As shown, in order to improve the drying effect, in some embodiments, the drying chamber 102 is configured as an annular structure coaxial with the nozzle mating gap 101.

[0066] Combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, to improve cooling and drying effects, in some embodiments, the housing 100 is provided with a gas inlet 103 and an air intake buffer chamber 104; the air intake buffer chamber 104 is an annular chamber surrounding the housing cavity and is connected to the gas inlet 103; there are at least three eddy current separation channels 110, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the housing cavity; the eddy current separation channels 110 are provided with a vortex-generating structure and are connected to the air intake buffer chamber 104 through the vortex-generating structure. The air intake buffer chamber 104 can buffer the high-pressure gas supplied from the gas inlet 103 and evenly distribute it to the multiple eddy current separation channels 110. Preferably, the eddy current separation channels 110 are arranged along the axial direction of the housing 100, and the number is eight.

[0067] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the vortex-generating structure includes a converging nozzle 120 disposed in the vortex separation channel 110. An air intake chamber is formed between the outer wall of the converging nozzle 120 and the inner wall of the vortex separation channel 110. The air intake chamber is connected to the air intake buffer chamber 104. A cold air overflow channel 121 is provided at the center of the converging nozzle 120, through which the cold air overflow channel 121 is axially extended. An inlet guide groove 122 is provided on the end face of the converging nozzle 120 away from the cold air outlet. There are at least three inlet guide grooves 122 evenly distributed around the cold air overflow channel 121 in the circumference. The inlet of the inlet guide groove 122 is connected to the air intake chamber, and the orientation of its outlet is parallel to a first direction; wherein, the first direction is the tangential direction of the cold air overflow channel 121. The air intake chamber can have various structures. In order to uniformly deliver air to multiple inlet guide grooves 122, it is preferable to make the air intake chamber annular. For example, an upper flange and a lower flange are provided on the converging nozzle 120 to cooperate with the vortex separation channel 110 respectively. The upper flange, the lower flange, the outer wall of the converging nozzle 120 and the inner wall of the vortex separation channel 110 together form an annular air intake chamber. Through multiple inlet guide grooves 122 on the end face of the converging nozzle 120, the gas can be guided and accelerated into the vortex separation channel 110 to form a stable vortex flow field. According to the vortex effect of the gas: the outer vortex is close to the channel wall of the vortex separation channel 110 and its speed is reduced due to the friction of the channel wall, while the inner gas flows in the opposite direction, forming a bidirectional vortex structure. Under the action of gas viscosity and turbulent diffusion effect, the kinetic energy and thermal energy of the airflow are transferred from the inner layer to the outer layer, so that the outer gas gains energy and its temperature rises and becomes a hot gas flow towards the hot gas outlet, while the inner gas loses energy and its temperature drops and becomes a cold gas flow and overflows from the cold gas overflow channel 121.

[0068] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a flow damper 130 is provided at the hot air outlet to adjust the proportion of hot air flow, so as to ensure that both the cooling and drying effects reach a superior level.

[0069] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, based on the previous embodiment, the flow obstructor 130 includes a flow obstruction seat 131 that cooperates with the eddy current separation channel 110. A flow diverting cone 132 is provided on the end face of the flow obstruction seat 131 near the cold gas outlet. The flow diverting cone 132 extends axially along the eddy current separation channel 110 with its tip facing the cold gas outlet. At least three hot gas through holes 133 are evenly distributed around the flow diverting cone 132 on the flow obstruction seat 131. By providing the flow diverting cone 132, the flow obstructor 130 can smoothly guide the outer layer of hot gas flow to the multiple evenly distributed hot gas through holes 133, while simultaneously blocking the inner layer of cold gas flow from reaching the hot gas outlet, further improving the separation efficiency of the hot and cold gas flows. Combined with the multiple evenly distributed hot gas through holes 133, the uniformity and stability of the output hot gas flow are ensured, further enhancing the cooling effect and drying capability of the water-guided laser head.

[0070] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the nozzle assembly has a water guide nozzle 311 for ejecting a water jet; the hot air discharge structure includes a vortex nozzle 140 disposed on the housing 100, the vortex nozzle 140 communicating with the drying chamber 102, the vortex nozzle 140 having at least three hot air discharge outlets 141 arranged in a ring array around the central axis of the water guide nozzle 311, the vortex nozzle 140 having a swirling flow channel that corresponds to and communicates with the hot air discharge outlets 141, and both the hot air discharge outlets 141 and the water guide nozzle 311 facing downwards from the housing 100. The vortex nozzle 140 accelerates the discharge of hot air from the drying chamber 102 through the swirling flow channel. Combined with the arrangement of multiple hot air outlets 141, the discharged airflow forms a protective sheath around the water jet ejected from the water guide nozzle 311. This sheath has four functions: first, it surrounds the water jet to create a stable airflow environment, further improving the stability of the water flow; second, the hot airflow can reduce the refractive index of air, enhancing the total internal reflection effect of the laser in the water jet; third, it blows away the water mist and splashes generated during water flow transmission, and can work with components such as the vortex suction head 400 to extract the water mist and splashes, preventing splashes from adversely affecting the water jet and reducing diffuse reflection of the laser during transmission, thus improving cutting efficiency.

[0071] Combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the water-guided laser head further includes a vortex suction head 400, which includes a suction ring 410 and a support 420 disposed on the suction ring 410; a negative pressure suction port 105 is provided on the housing 100; the vortex suction head 400 is connected to the housing 100 through the support 420, and the suction ring 410 is positioned to surround the fluid output from the hot gas outlet 141 and the water guide nozzle 311; a suction chamber 411 is provided inside the suction ring 410, and the suction chamber 411 communicates with the negative pressure suction port 105; at least three uniformly distributed first suction holes 412 are opened on the inner ring surface of the suction ring 410, and the first suction holes 412 are arranged radially inclined relative to the suction ring 410; at least three uniformly distributed second suction holes 413 are opened on the bottom surface of the suction ring 410; the first suction holes 412 and the second suction holes 413 are both communicated with the suction chamber 411. The suction ring 410 of the vortex suction head 400 is positioned to surround the fluid output from the hot gas outlet 141 and the water guide nozzle 311. Therefore, the vortex suction head 400 can suck up the spiral airflow discharged from the vortex nozzle 140 to further enhance the vortex effect of the air sheath. At the same time, it can suck up the water mist and splashes generated during processing, avoiding diffuse reflection of the laser in the water mist and splashes, and ensuring cutting efficiency.

[0072] Combined Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in order to optimize the structure and improve the compactness of the water-guided laser head, in some embodiments, the suction chamber 411 is connected to the negative pressure suction port 105 through a suction channel 421 formed in the bracket 420. Preferably, there are at least three brackets 420, which are distributed in a ring array around the central axis of the housing 100.

[0073] Combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the housing 100 is provided with a water inlet 106; the nozzle assembly includes a nozzle body 310 with a multi-stage water inlet treatment structure, the nozzle body 310 is disposed in the housing cavity and forms a flow stabilizing cavity 320 between it and the lens assembly 200, and the nozzle body 310 has a water guide inlet 312 communicating with the flow stabilizing cavity 320; the multi-stage water inlet treatment structure includes a water inlet buffer chamber 331, a deswirl plate 332, and a transition chamber 332 arranged sequentially along the second direction and communicating with each other within the nozzle body 310. 33. Bubble absorber 334 and diversion channel; inlet buffer chamber 331 is connected to water inlet 106; anti-swirl plate 332 has a honeycomb structure; bubble absorber 334 is a plate made of porous material; diversion channel includes at least three branch channels 335 connecting bubble absorber 334 and flow stabilizing chamber 320, each branch channel 335 is arranged along the axial direction of nozzle body 310 and distributed in a ring array around the central axis of nozzle body 310; wherein, the second direction is the opposite direction of liquid spraying from nozzle body 310. The multi-stage water inlet treatment structure within the nozzle body 310 buffers the water flow into the inlet buffer chamber 331, slowing its speed and preventing laser head polarization at its source, thus laying the foundation for stable laser transmission in the water flow. Next, the water flows through the deswirl plate 332, whose multiple evenly distributed hexagonal honeycomb holes break up eddies in the water flow, converging the water flow velocity profile, reducing local turbulence, and further enhancing water flow stability. Subsequently, the water flows through the bubble absorber 334, which utilizes porous materials... The material's own adsorption properties adsorb and remove tiny air bubbles mixed in the water flow, preventing air bubbles from entering the nozzle body 310 and causing the guide water stream to be interrupted, thus ensuring the continuity of water flow transmission. Then, the water flow with the air bubbles removed is split into multiple streams by the branch channel 335 of the diversion channel, and finally re-merges in the upper stabilizing cavity 320. By dispersing the high kinetic energy flow into multiple small streams and then converging them, the inertial coupling average transient is utilized to further eliminate eddies in the water flow, greatly improve the stability of the water flow, and enhance the total reflection efficiency of the laser in the water flow.

[0074] Combined Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the inlet buffer chamber 331 is provided with a stepped buffer structure to further buffer the incoming flow.

[0075] The water-guided laser head provided by this invention has a high degree of functional integration and can realize multiple functions such as water flow control, lens cooling, moisture and rust prevention, and defogging and efficiency improvement. It does not require the addition of additional complex components, has a compact structure, and is highly practical.

[0076] The present invention also provides a water-guided laser processing device, which includes the above-mentioned water-guided laser head, and is advantageous for application in the field of precision cutting.

[0077] This document presents a description of various embodiments of the invention for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A water-guided laser head, comprising a housing (100), a lens assembly (200), and a nozzle assembly; The housing (100) has a cavity; The lens assembly (200) is disposed in the housing cavity, and a mirror cavity (201) is formed inside it. The nozzle assembly is disposed in the housing cavity and downstream of the optical path of the lens assembly (200), and a nozzle mating gap (101) is defined between the outer wall of the nozzle assembly and the inner wall of the housing (100); the nozzle assembly has a water guide nozzle (311) for ejecting a water jet. Its features are: The housing (100) is provided with a gas inlet (103), an air intake buffer chamber (104), and a negative pressure suction port (105). The air intake buffer chamber (104) is an annular chamber surrounding the shell cavity, and it is connected to the gas inlet (103); The water-guided laser head also includes an eddy current separation structure disposed on the housing (100), the eddy current separation structure including an eddy current separation channel (110), the eddy current separation channel (110) being at least three and evenly distributed around the circumference of the housing cavity; The vortex separation channel (110) is provided with a swirl-generating structure, which includes a converging nozzle (120) disposed in the vortex separation channel (110). An air intake chamber is formed between the outer wall of the converging nozzle (120) and the inner wall of the vortex separation channel (110), and the air intake chamber is connected to the air intake buffer chamber (104). The two ends of the vortex separation channel (110) are a cold air outlet and a hot air outlet, respectively. The converging nozzle (120) has a cold air overflow channel (121) that extends through it axially at its center, and an inlet guide groove (122) is provided on the end face of the converging nozzle (120) away from the cold air outlet. The inlet guide groove (122) is at least three and is evenly distributed around the cold air overflow channel (121) in the circumference. The groove inlet of the inlet guide groove (122) is connected to the air intake chamber, and the groove outlet is parallel to the first direction. The first direction is the tangential direction of the cold air overflow channel (121). The cold air outlet is connected to the mirror cavity (201) through a cooling channel, and a cold air exhaust hole (202) is provided on the cavity wall of the mirror cavity (201). The end of the shell cavity away from the lens assembly (200) is formed with a drying chamber (102) that is fluidly connected with the nozzle mating gap (101). The hot air outlet is connected to the drying chamber (102). The shell (100) is provided with a hot air discharge structure that is connected to the drying chamber (102). The hot gas exhaust structure includes a vortex nozzle (140) disposed on the housing (100), the vortex nozzle (140) being connected to the drying chamber (102), the vortex nozzle (140) having at least three hot gas exhaust outlets (141) arranged in a ring array around the central axis of the water guide nozzle (311), the vortex nozzle (140) having a swirling channel that corresponds to and is connected to the hot gas exhaust outlet (141), and both the hot gas exhaust outlet (141) and the water guide nozzle (311) facing downwards from the housing (100); The water-guided laser head also includes a vortex suction head (400), which includes a suction ring (410) and a bracket (420) disposed on the suction ring (410). The vortex suction head (400) is connected to the housing (100) via a bracket (420) and positions the suction ring (410) around the fluid output from the hot gas outlet (141) and the water nozzle (311); The suction ring (410) is provided with a suction chamber (411), which is connected to the negative pressure suction port (105); The inner ring surface of the suction ring (410) is provided with at least three evenly distributed first suction holes (412), and the first suction holes (412) are arranged radially inclined relative to the suction ring (410). At least three evenly distributed second suction holes (413) are provided on the bottom surface of the suction ring (410). The first suction hole (412) and the second suction hole (413) are both connected to the suction chamber (411).

2. The water-guided laser head according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow damper (130) for adjusting the proportion of hot air flow is provided at the hot air outlet.

3. The water-guided laser head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow obstructor (130) includes a flow obstruction seat (131) that cooperates with the vortex separation channel (110). The flow obstruction seat (131) has a flow divider cone (132) on its end face near the cold air outlet. The flow divider cone (132) extends along the axial direction of the vortex separation channel (110) and its tip faces the cold air outlet. The flow obstruction seat (131) has at least three hot air passages (133) that are evenly distributed around the flow divider cone (132).

4. The water-guided laser head according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The suction chamber (411) is connected to the negative pressure suction port (105) through the suction channel (421) opened in the bracket (420).

5. The water-guided laser head according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The shell (100) is provided with a water inlet (106). The nozzle assembly includes a nozzle body (310) with a multi-stage water inlet treatment structure. The nozzle body (310) is disposed in the housing cavity and forms a flow stabilizing cavity (320) between it and the lens assembly (200). The nozzle body (310) has a water inlet (312) communicating with the flow stabilizing cavity (320). The multi-stage water inlet treatment structure includes an inlet buffer chamber (331), a deswirl plate (332), a transition chamber (333), a bubble absorber (334), and a diversion channel, which are arranged sequentially and interconnected in the second direction within the nozzle body (310). The water inlet buffer chamber (331) is connected to the water inlet (106); The anti-swirl plate (332) has a honeycomb structure; The bubble absorber (334) is a plate made of porous material; The flow channel includes at least three branch channels (335) that connect the bubble absorber (334) and the flow stabilizing chamber (320). Each branch channel (335) is arranged along the axial direction of the nozzle body (310) and distributed in a ring array around the central axis of the nozzle body (310). The second direction is the opposite direction of the liquid sprayed by the nozzle body (310).

6. A water-guided laser processing device, characterized in that: Includes the water-guided laser head as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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