Ore removal system of underground carry-scraper

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground carry-scraper ore removal system, and relates to the technical field of mining engineering. The system aims at solving the problems of low efficiency and potential safety hazards caused by inaccurate path parameters and imperfect safety facilities in the traditional design. The system adopts a set of parameter refined design method and comprises the following steps: S1, designing a shoveling and transporting path: quantitatively designing parameters such as roadway width (B), roadway height (H), curve plane size, shoveling point plane size and path longitudinal gradient through a series of formulas based on a safety gap between equipment and a fixed facility; s2, designing unloading safety facilities: systematically arranging the safety facilities including an unloading horse head door, a wheel stopper, a draw shaft screen, a wellhead lighting and warning device and a safety protection rope at an unloading point, and proposing qualitative and quantitative requirements on key parameters of the safety facilities. The system can remarkably improve the shoveling, loading and transporting work efficiency, reduce the mechanical accident rate and strengthen the safety of ore unloading sites, has good reproducibility and is suitable for various underground mine projects.

Description

An underground shovel ore extraction system Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining engineering technology, specifically to an underground shovel loader ore extraction system, applicable to the path design and safety facility design of trackless ore extraction equipment in underground mining, providing a safe, efficient, and user-friendly design method for underground shovel loader ore extraction systems. Background Technology

[0002] Loaders are one of the main integrated loading and unloading equipment in underground mining engineering. Traditional design standards lack specific design parameters for their paths and unloading point safety facilities. In actual production, this has exposed a series of problems such as excessively large or small loading paths, mud and water accumulation on the road surface, and large blocks getting stuck, resulting in numerous safety hazards and low production efficiency. A new underground loader ore extraction system, through an integrated design of "equipment-environment-safety-operation," optimizes and quantifies path parameters and qualitatively and quantitatively defines unloading point safety facilities. This can improve the loader's operating conditions, enhance loading and unloading efficiency, ensure the safety of the unloading and sluice box system, and reduce mining costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an underground shovel loader ore extraction system. This invention aims to fill the gap in the design parameters of underground shovel loaders under shovel loading and transportation conditions, and solve the problems of low efficiency and safety hazards caused by inaccurate path parameters and imperfect safety facilities in traditional designs, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: an underground loader ore extraction system, including a refined design of the parameters of the path consisting of roadways, bends, loading points, and unloading points, as well as unloading safety facilities, comprising the following steps: S1, Loading and transporting path design: Based on the space required by the underground loader in each stage of loading, transporting, and unloading, design the technical parameters of each path, including the overall path cross-sectional layout, loading point planar layout, bend planar layout, and longitudinal flow slope of each path; wherein, the overall path cross-sectional layout includes roadway width (B), roadway height (H), power and communication cable installation height (H2), ventilation and water pipe installation height (H3), and water ditch; S2, Unloading safety facility design: Safety facilities are set at the unloading points, including unloading gates, wheel stops, chute screens, wellhead lighting, wellhead warning lights, wellhead warning signs, and safety ropes.

[0005] Preferably, in step S1, the width of the tunnel (B) is calculated using formula ①: B ≥ B1 + 2△x + B2, where B1 is the maximum width of the equipment, △x is the minimum effective safe distance between the outer contour of the machine and the side wall or the fixed facilities on the side wall (△x ≥ 0.6m), and B2 is the maximum width occupied by the cable support and pipelines laid on the side wall of the path.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the tunnel height (H) is calculated using formula ②: H ≥ H1 + △y + △h, where H1 is the maximum height of the equipment, i.e., the height of the cab roof from the ground (m), △y is the cosine height converted from the minimum effective safe distance between the cab roof and the tunnel roof (△y ≈ 0.6m), and △h is the arch height, which meets the requirements for fixed facilities such as cable supports, lighting fixtures, and ventilation ducts laid on the roof (△h ≥ 0.3~0.8m).

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the planar dimensions of the curve include the turning radius R of the roadway centerline and the curve width B. w Calculated using formula ③: R ≥ r0 + 0.5B + ​​Δx, simultaneously satisfying R ≥ R0 + Δx + B² - 0.5B; B w ≥ B + △b, where r0 is the minimum turning radius of the equipment, R0 is the maximum turning radius of the equipment, △b is the widening value on the outside of the curve (determined based on the driving trajectory of the rear frame), and B w Let B be the width of the curve in the path, and △x be the same as above.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the planar dimensions of the shovel loading point include the intersection angle β of the main path and the branch path, the branch path length Lz, and the branch path width Bz, calculated using formula ④: 150° ≥ β ≥ 135°, L z ≥ L0 + Hcotθ, B ≤ Bz ≤ B; where L0 is the total length of the loader under the condition of the bucket landing, θ is the angle of repose of the ore and rock, and H and B are the same as above.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the longitudinal slope of the path includes the slope i of the level lane. 1~3 The slope of the ramp (i4) and the slope of the mining area (i5) are calculated using formula ⑤: 4‰ ≤ i 1~3 < 50‰, 125‰ ≤ i4≤ 150‰, 50‰ ≤ i5≤ 125‰.

[0010] Preferably, the slope of the level roadway includes the slope i1 of the loading point path, the slope i2 of the main path, and the slope i3 of the unloading point path, all of which should be greater than the natural flow slope, and the loading point and the unloading point should be uphill points.

[0011] Preferably, the slope i4 of the ramp should be less than the limit of 200‰ in the safety regulations, and the recommended value based on the climbing ability of the equipment is 150‰.

[0012] Preferably, the slope i5 of the uphill and downhill sections should be determined based on the ore body occurrence conditions, the climbing ability of the loader, and the design of the mining area structure. If it is too large, it will affect tire slippage, and if it is too small, it will increase the amount of preparation work and production transportation distance.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the minimum height of the lower end of the power and communication cable installation height (H2) should not be less than 2.2m to ensure that the trackless equipment does not scrape during operation.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the minimum height of the lower end of the ventilator installation height (H3) should not be less than 1.8m to ensure that pedestrians do not bump their heads; preferably, it is arranged on the opposite side of the power and communication cables, and if arranged on the same side, the safe distance from the power and communication cables should be greater than 0.3m.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the ditch generally only needs to be arranged in the connecting alley and on the same side as the ventilation and water pipe. If necessary, a submersible pump can be added to assist the drainage system.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the unloading point is provided with an unloading gate, the height, width and centerline deviation of which meet specific requirements: the height should be greater than or equal to the maximum lifting height of the loader by 0.2-0.3m; the width should be greater than or equal to the maximum width of the bucket by 1.0-1.2m; the axial centerline should be consistent with the unloading center, and the deviation should be less than or equal to 0.2m.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with a wheel stop, the height, length and strength of which meet specific requirements: the height of the wheel stop should be greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the front wheel of the loader; the length should be greater than or equal to the diameter of the chute; and the strength should be greater than or equal to 3-5 times the impact energy (or impact force) of the loader when it is running at high speed in third gear under full load.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with a chute screen, the top surface elevation, mesh size, and strength of which meet specific requirements: the top surface elevation of the screen should be 50-100mm lower than the bottom plate elevation of the unloading point path; the mesh size should be 1.15-1.2 times the design size of the chute and crushing system; and the screen strength should be greater than or equal to 1.5-3 times the impact energy (or impact force) of the loader when it is running at full load in three gears at high speed.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with wellhead lighting lights, the number of which, the installation position, the protection level, and the illuminance meet specific requirements: at least 2 lights, which should be installed on both sides above the wellhead, preferably energy-saving, long-life, and shock-resistant LED explosion-proof lights, and the illuminance of the working face should not be less than 50 lux.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with a wellhead warning light, the number of which, the installation position, the protection level, and the color meet specific requirements: at least one light should be installed directly above the wellhead in the direction of oncoming vehicles, and energy-saving, long-life, and shock-resistant LED warning lights should be preferred, with the color being red.

[0021] Preferably, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with a wellhead warning sign, the installation location, material, warning content, and color of which meet specific requirements: it is installed in an unobstructed, conspicuous position on the side wall of both sides of the passage, the material should be reflective, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant metal (such as aluminum plate) or engineering plastic, the warning content must include the internationally recognized danger symbol "skull" or "exclamation mark" and the warning phrase "prevent falling", and the color should be "yellow and black" or "red and white" safety colors (specifically referring to the new standard GB2894-2025 "Safety Colors and Safety Signs").

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with a safety rope, the laying position, fixing method, material, warning content, color, and strength of which meet specific requirements: the laying position is around the wellhead (leaving only the necessary unloading operation opening, which must be securely hung after the unloading operation stops), and a safe distance of at least 1.0m should be maintained from the edge of the chute, with a height of 1.2-1.5m; the rope hanging point is fixed by anchor bolts on the side of the chute; the material is nylon or polyester woven tape with eye-catching red and white stripes, and a warning sign is hung; the strength should be able to withstand a thrust of at least 1500N.

[0023] On the one hand, an underground shovel loader ore removal system is provided, which must meet the basic principles of clauses 6.2.5.7 and 6.3.4.4 of GB16423-2020 "Safety Regulations for Metal and Non-metal Mines" and the requirements of the "Shovel Loader Equipment Manual" to ensure safety, energy conservation and emission reduction and high production efficiency, and to refine and quantify the path design parameters and specific requirements for unloading points (see claims 1 to 19 for details).

[0024] On the other hand, its core lies in: (1) Quantification of path design mode: Based on the safety gap between trackless mobile equipment and fixed facilities, taking the required working space of the loader in different working conditions of loading, transporting and unloading as the basic condition, taking into account the space occupation of auxiliary facilities such as wind, water and electricity, and logically deriving the calculation formula of path design parameters. (2) Specific requirements for safety facilities at unloading points: Taking the ore pass in the mining area as the unloading object, adopting safety threshold constraint quantification and specific requirement qualitative design.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) Improve the efficiency of shovel loading and transportation: The shovel loader ore discharge system provided by the present invention can ensure the compliance of the shovel loader working conditions in a limited space and improve production efficiency.

[0026] (2) Reduce mechanical accident rate: The ore extraction system of the shovel provided by the present invention can reduce the probability of mechanical accidents such as collisions between trackless mobile equipment and the roof, side walls and auxiliary facilities in the mining area.

[0027] (3) Enhance safety at unloading points: The safety facility system design at unloading points provided by this invention can limit the fall of personnel and machinery into the well, control the large blocks going down into the ore pass, and ensure the safety of the unloading process.

[0028] (4) Reproducible: The shovel loader ore extraction system provided by this invention is widely applicable to the engineering design and application of shovel loaders for ore extraction and gangue extraction in underground mining, and can also be used as a reference for other trackless shovel loading and unloading equipment in underground mining. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the design of the underground shovel loader ore extraction system of the present invention, showing the overall architecture of the path layout and safety facilities; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the application design of the underground shovel loader ore extraction system of an iron mine, showing the implementation effect of specific parameters. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The invention will be described in detail below with reference to application examples, but the implementation of the invention is not limited thereto.

[0032] Application Background: A large underground iron ore mine has moderately stable rock and ore, with an allowable exposure area of ​​1600~2200m². 2 The primary mining method employed is staged open-stope followed by backfilling. The stope ore pass diameter is 3.0m, with a grid distribution of 126×90m. The stope production capacity is 1200~2000t / d. Sandvik LH514 diesel loaders are generally used for stope preparation, cutting, and loosening for ore extraction. For large-volume ore extraction, Sandvik LH514E electric loaders are preferred.

[0033] Diesel-powered loader for ore extraction: Overall dimensions (L×B1×H1) = 10.585×2.84×2.54m; wheel diameter D = 1.65~1.78m; outer swing diameter R0 = 8.792m; inner swing diameter r0 = 3.346m; diesel engine power 243kw; bucket stacking volume 6.2m³. 3 It has an effective load capacity of 14 tons.

[0034] Electric loader: The overall dimensions are L1×B1×H1=10.95×2.88×2.55m, the wheel diameter is D=1.65~1.78m, the outer diameter of the swing is R0=7m, the inner diameter of the swing is r0=3.3m, and the main motor power is 132kw.

[0035] The ore extraction system design takes into account the maximum working space conditions of the two types of loaders: external dimensions L1×B1×H1=10.95×2.88×2.55m, wheel diameter D=1.78m, outer slewing diameter R0=8.792m, inner slewing diameter r0=3.346m, and maximum lifting height 3.5m. The auxiliary system is considered based on the maximum working conditions. Specific parameters are as follows: roadway width: B≥4.33m, taken as B=4.8m.

[0036] Tunnel height: H≥3.45~3.95m, take value H=3.8m.

[0037] Turning radius: R≥8.202m, take value R=9m.

[0038] Curve width: B w ≥5.446m, value B w =5.5m.

[0039] Level lane structure: adopts a three-center arch shape.

[0040] The included angle of the ore-exiting oblique passage is β=150°.

[0041] Water flow slope: i1=8.08‰, i2=5‰, i3=4‰, i4=125‰, i5=50~125‰.

[0042] Safety facilities include well pass screens, wheel stops, wellhead lighting, etc., with specific parameters as specified in the claims.

Claims

1. An underground ore extraction system for a loader, characterized in that, The detailed design of the parameters of the path and unloading safety facilities, which consists of tunnels, bends, loading points, and unloading points, includes the following steps: S1, Loading and transport path design: Based on the space required by the underground loader in each stage of loading, transporting, and unloading, design the technical parameters of each path, including the overall path cross-sectional layout, loading point plan layout, bend plan layout, and longitudinal flow slope of each path; wherein, the overall path cross-sectional layout includes tunnel width (B), tunnel height (H), power and communication cable installation height (H2), ventilation and water pipe installation height (H3), and water ditch; S2, Unloading safety facility design: Set up safety facilities at the unloading points, including unloading gate, wheel stop, chute screen, wellhead lighting, wellhead warning light, wellhead warning sign, and safety rope.

2. In the underground shovel loader ore extraction system according to claim 1, in step S1, the path design parameters include the calculation of the roadway width (B), roadway height (H), curve plane dimensions, and shovel loading point plane dimensions: the roadway width (B) is calculated using formula ①: B≥B1+2△x+B2, where B1 is the maximum width of the equipment, △x is the minimum effective safe distance between the machine's outer contour and the sidewall or sidewall fixed facilities (△x≥0.6m), and B2 is the maximum width occupied by the cable support and pipelines laid on the sidewall of the path; the roadway height (H) is calculated using formula ②: H≥H1+△y+△h, where H1 is the maximum height of the equipment, i.e., the height of the cab roof from the ground (m), △y is the cosine height calculated from the minimum effective safe distance between the cab roof and the roadway roof (△y≈0.6m), and △h is the residual arch height, which meets the requirements for fixed facilities such as cable supports, lighting fixtures, and ventilation ducts laid on the roof (△h≥0.3~0.8m); the curve's planar dimensions include the turning radius R of the roadway centerline and the curve width Bw, calculated using formula ③: R≥r0+0.5B+△x, while also satisfying R≥R0+△x+B²-0.5B; B w ≥B+△b, where r0 is the minimum turning radius of the equipment, R0 is the maximum turning radius of the equipment, and △b is the widening value on the outside of the curve (determined based on the travel trajectory of the rear frame); the planar dimensions of the loading point include the intersection angle β of the main path and the branch path, and the length L of the branch path. z Branch path width B z Calculated using formula ④: 150°≥β≥135°, L z ≥L0+Hcotθ,B≤B z ≤B, where L0 is the total length of the loader bucket when it is on the ground, and θ is the angle of repose of the ore.

3. The underground shovel loader ore extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the longitudinal slope of the path includes the level lane slope i 1~3 The slope of the ramp (i4) and the slope of the mining area (i5) are calculated using formula ⑤: 4‰≤i 1~3 <50‰, 125‰≤i4≤150‰, 50‰≤i5≤125‰; where: the slope of the horizontal roadway, including the slope of the loading point path i1, the slope of the main path i2, and the slope of the unloading point path i3, should all be greater than the natural flow slope, and the loading point and unloading point should be uphill points; the slope of the inclined roadway i4 should be less than the limit of 200‰ in the safety regulations, and the recommended value is 150‰ based on the climbing capacity of the equipment; the slope of the uphill and downhill slope i5 should be determined according to the ore body occurrence conditions, the climbing capacity of the loader, and the design of the mining area structure.

4. The underground shovel loader ore extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the installation requirements for the auxiliary facilities include: the minimum height of the lower end of the power and communication cable installation height (H2) should not be less than 2.2m to ensure that the trackless equipment does not scrape against it during operation; the minimum height of the lower end of the ventilation and water pipe installation height (H3) should not be less than 1.8m to ensure that pedestrians do not bump their heads, and it is preferred to be arranged on the opposite side of the power and communication cable. If arranged on the same side, the safe distance from the power and communication cable should be greater than 0.3m; the water ditch generally only needs to be arranged in the connecting alley and on the same side as the ventilation and water pipe. If necessary, a submersible pump auxiliary drainage system can be added.

5. The underground shovel loader ore extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the unloading point is equipped with an unloading gate, the height, width and centerline deviation of which meet specific requirements: the height should be greater than or equal to the maximum lifting height of the loader by 0.2-0.3m; the width should be greater than or equal to the maximum width of the bucket by 1.0-1.2m; the axial centerline should be consistent with the unloading center, and the deviation should be less than or equal to 0.2m.

6. In the underground shovel loader ore extraction system according to claim 1, in step S2, the unloading point is provided with a wheel stop, the height, length and strength of which meet specific requirements: the height of the wheel stop should be greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the diameter of the front wheel of the shovel loader; the length should be greater than or equal to the diameter of the chute; and the strength should be greater than or equal to 3-5 times the impact energy (or impact force) of the shovel loader when it is running at high speed in three gears under full load.

7. In the underground shovel loader ore extraction system according to claim 1, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with a chute screen, the top surface elevation, mesh size, and strength of which meet specific requirements: the top surface elevation of the screen should be 50-100mm lower than the bottom plate elevation of the unloading point path; the mesh size should be 1.15-1.2 times the design block size of the chute and sluice crushing system; and the screen strength should be greater than or equal to 1.5-3 times the impact energy (or impact force) of the shovel loader running at full load in three high-speed mode.

8. In the underground shovel loader ore extraction system according to claim 1, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with wellhead lighting and wellhead warning lights, the quantity, installation position, protection level and performance of which meet specific requirements: at least 2 wellhead lighting lights should be installed on both sides above the chute opening, and energy-saving, long-life and shock-resistant LED explosion-proof lights should be preferred, and the illuminance of the working face should not be less than 50 lux; at least 1 wellhead warning light should be installed directly above the chute opening in the direction of oncoming vehicles, and energy-saving, long-life and shock-resistant LED warning lights should be preferred, and the color should be red.

9. The underground shovel loader ore extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the unloading point is equipped with a wellhead warning sign, the installation location, material, warning content, and color of which meet specific requirements: it is installed in an unobstructed and conspicuous position on the side wall of both sides of the passage, the material should be reflective, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant metal (such as aluminum plate) or engineering plastic, the warning content must include the internationally recognized danger symbol "skull" or "exclamation mark" and the warning phrase "prevent falling", and the color should be "yellow and black" or "red and white" safety colors (specifically refer to the new standard GB2894-2025 "Safety Colors and Safety Signs").

10. In the underground shovel loader ore unloading system according to claim 1, in step S2, the unloading point is equipped with a safety rope, the laying position, fixing method, material, warning content, color, and strength of which meet specific requirements: the laying position is around the wellhead (leaving only the necessary unloading operation opening, and it must be securely hung after the unloading operation stops), and it should maintain a safe distance of at least 1.0m from the edge of the chute, with a height of 1.2-1.5m; the rope hanging point is fixed by anchor rods on the side of the chute; the material is nylon or polyester woven strip with eye-catching red and white stripes, and a warning sign is hung; the strength should be able to withstand a thrust of at least 1500N.

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