Multi-scale self-adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for creating fish habitat

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-scale self-adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for creating a fish habitat in the field of ecological floating beds, which comprises a fixed unit mounted on a riverbed and a floating bed unit comprising a plurality of planting units arranged in an array, and the planting units are connected through hinge devices; the planting unit comprises a floating plate and a planting basket, and the floating plate and the planting basket are connected through a telescopic device; the acquisition unit comprises a water level sensor and a water quality sensor; the control unit is connected with the water quality sensor, the water level sensor and the telescopic device. According to the multi-scale self-adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for creating the fish habitat, the planting unit adopts a submerged plant-emergent aquatic plant-floating leaf plant ternary coupling design, so that the ecological space is fully utilized; the planting baskets provide conditions for spawning, juvenile rearing and bait rearing of fishes, the adjacent planting land units are connected through the hinge devices, the floating bed can be rapidly and flexibly recycled or expanded, and the environmental adaptability of the system is improved.

Description

A multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological floating beds, and more particularly to a multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for creating fish habitats. Background Technology

[0002] The health of river aquatic ecosystems is crucial for maintaining biodiversity. River fish are a core component of freshwater biodiversity, and their population dynamics directly reflect the ecological integrity of the river system. However, due to river engineering construction, slope hardening, and human activities, many river habitats have experienced fragmentation, loss of natural riparian zones, and degradation of spawning grounds, leading to a decline in fish resources. As a water-land transition zone, the riparian zone provides irreplaceable conservation functions for fish throughout their entire life cycle of spawning, hatching, juvenile rearing, and foraging. It is widely recognized as a "natural cradle" for river fish, and the protection and restoration of riparian vegetation plays a key role in fish conservation.

[0003] To curb the decline of fish resources, traditional measures include artificial fish nests, spawning reefs, simulated natural bank slopes, and stock enhancement. However, these methods all have certain drawbacks. For example, Chinese utility model patent CN114804364A discloses "a liftable submerged plant ecological floating bed," which only provides a growth carrier for aquatic plants and lacks a targeted design for the life cycle of fish (especially spawning, juvenile rearing, and foraging). Secondly, traditional floating beds are mostly fixed structures, making it difficult to adapt to seasonal fluctuations in river water levels, resulting in insufficient stability and adaptability. In addition, existing floating bed systems have low levels of intelligence, cannot self-regulate according to environmental changes, and cannot meet the differentiated habitat needs of different protected fish species. The common shortcomings of existing technologies—"single ecological function, fixed structure, and low level of intelligence"—are no longer sufficient to meet the practical needs of fish ecological protection under complex hydrogeological conditions, and a paradigm upgrade from "plant carrier" to "fish habitat" is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation. The planting unit can be planted with floating-leaved plants, emergent plants, and submerged plants, realizing a three-dimensional hierarchical design, making full use of ecological space, and having strong restoration capabilities.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the following technical solution is adopted: Firstly, the present invention provides a multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation, characterized in that it includes: a fixed unit installed on a riverbed; the floating bed unit includes several arrayed planting units connected by a hinge device, the hinge device also used to adjust the distance between the planting units; each planting unit includes a floating plate and a planting basket, the floating plate and the planting basket being connected by a telescopic device, the fixed unit being connected to the planting basket; the telescopic device is used to adjust the distance between the floating plate and the planting basket, the floating plate being used to plant floating-leaved plants, and the planting basket being used to plant emergent and submerged plants; a collection unit including a water level sensor for collecting water level height and a water quality sensor for collecting water quality; and a control unit connected to the water quality sensor, the water level sensor, and the telescopic device, the telescopic device adjusting the distance between the floating plate and the planting basket according to the water level collected by the water level sensor and the water quality collected by the water quality sensor.

[0006] Optionally, the fixing unit includes several fixing rods horizontally installed on the first planting basket in each row. Each fixing rod includes an inner rod and a sleeve. One end of the inner rod is anchored to the riverbed, and the other end is slidably installed on the sleeve. The other end of the sleeve is installed on the planting basket by bolts. A threaded locking element is provided on the sleeve to lock the relative position of the inner rod and the sleeve.

[0007] Optionally, the float plate includes a float plate grid, horizontal float plates, and vertical float plates. The center of the float plate grid has several arrayed through holes that run vertically through the center. The horizontal float plates and vertical float plates are respectively arranged around the float plate grid. The float plate grid is made of biodegradable lightweight composite material, and the float plate grid is covered with a layer of natural fiber and planted with floating-leaved plants.

[0008] Optionally, the planting basket has a trapezoidal structure that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, with a planting trough in the middle. A filter layer is laid at the bottom of the planting trough, and a soil substrate is laid on the filter layer. Emergent plants are planted on the soil substrate. The filter layer is made of membrane-coated polyester filter material, and the pore size of the filter pores on the filter layer is 0.5-1.0 mm. The soil substrate includes: 40-50% local loam, 20-30% river sand, and 20-30% gravel. The planting basket is made of biodegradable bio-based plastic.

[0009] Optionally, a guide plate is installed on the side of the planting basket facing the water flow. The guide plate has a streamlined structure and a water-facing angle of 30°.

[0010] Optionally, the planting basket has gravel troughs on both sides, and the gravel troughs are filled with rough-surfaced gravel with a particle size of 5-10 cm.

[0011] Optionally, the side wall of the planting basket is provided with several recessed holes.

[0012] Optionally, the hinge device includes several horizontal rhomboid frames and several vertical rhomboid frames. Two adjacent horizontal floating plates are installed at opposite ends of the horizontal rhomboid frames, which are installed perpendicular to the water surface. Two adjacent vertical planting baskets are installed at opposite ends of the vertical rhomboid frames, which are installed parallel to the water surface. Both the horizontal and vertical rhomboid frames are rhomboid structures composed of four plates, which are connected by magnetic snap fasteners.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes a buoy slide for mounting a water level sensor and a water quality sensor, the buoy slide being mounted on a control box, the control box being mounted on one of the planting baskets, and the control unit being disposed inside the control box; the water level sensor includes a buoy and a water level sensor probe, the water level sensor probe being mounted on the buoy, and the buoy being slidably mounted on the buoy slide.

[0014] Optionally, a planting unit is provided with four telescopic devices, each telescopic device is vertically installed between the floating plate and the planting basket, one end of each of the four telescopic devices is installed at the four top corners of the floating plate, and the other end is installed on the planting basket. The telescopic device includes a sleeve rod, a lead screw, a flexible rod, and a motor. A slider nut is provided on the lead screw, one end of the lead screw is connected to the output end of the motor, one end of the flexible rod is connected to the slider nut, the motor is installed inside the planting basket, the lead screw is installed inside the sleeve rod, the end of the flexible rod away from the slider nut extends from one end of the sleeve rod and connects to the bottom of the floating plate, one end of the sleeve rod is installed on the planting basket, and the lateral elastic deflection of the flexible rod is ±5°.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: 1. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation provided by the present invention has a three-element coupling design of submerged plants, emergent plants and floating-leaved plants in the planting unit, which makes full use of ecological space, has strong restoration capabilities, and realizes the diversity of ecological functions at the same time; the planting basket provides conditions for fish to spawn, raise larvae and forage; the water quality sensor, water level sensor, telescopic device and controller work together to automatically adjust the contact between the floating-leaved plants on the floating board and the water body, ensuring the stability of the system function; the adjacent planting units are connected by the hinge device, which makes it easy for the floating bed to be quickly and flexibly retrieved or expanded according to the hydrological conditions of the river and the distribution characteristics of fish, thereby improving the environmental adaptability of the system.

[0016] 2. The ecological floating bed system provided by this invention adopts a rhomboid frame structure hinge device, a flow guide plate, and a flexible rod to achieve all-round buffering of the system. It can buffer the impact of water flow during floods and ensure the stability of the overall structure. A gravel trough is set on the planting basket to provide growth conditions for submerged plants while increasing the weight of the planting basket and further improving the stability of the system. The floating-leaved plants on the floating board can remain above water and provide shelter during the dry season of the river. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ecological floating bed system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the ecological floating bed system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a top view schematic diagram of the ecological floating bed system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is one of the side view schematic diagrams of the ecological floating bed system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is another side view schematic diagram of the ecological floating bed system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the planting unit structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the collection unit structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the hinge device structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Fixing unit; 101. Inner rod; 102. Sleeve; 103. Threaded locking element; 2. Floating bed unit; 3. Planting unit; 4. Hinge device; 401. Horizontal rhomboid frame; 402. Longitudinal rhomboid frame; 403. Plate; 404. Magnetic fastener; 5. Floating plate; 501. Floating plate grid; 502. Horizontal floating plate; 503. Longitudinal floating plate; 504. Through hole; 6. Planting basket; 601. Planting trough; 602. Filter layer; 603. Gravel trough; 604. Concave hole; 605. Guide plate; 7. Telescopic device; 701. Sleeve rod; 702. Flexible rod; 8. Data acquisition unit; 801. Buoy slide bar; 802. Water level sensor probe; 803. Buoy; 804. Water quality sensor; 9. Control box. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] This embodiment provides a multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation, including a fixed unit 1, a floating bed unit 2, a data acquisition unit 8, and a control unit. The fixed unit 1 is installed on the riverbed and connected to the floating bed unit 2. The floating bed unit 2 is set on the river channel. The data acquisition unit 8 is installed on the floating bed unit 2, and the control unit is connected to the data acquisition unit 8.

[0023] The floating bed unit 2 includes several planting units 3 arranged in an array. The planting units 3 are connected by a hinge device 4. Two adjacent planting units 3 are connected by the hinge device 4. Two adjacent planting units 3 in the horizontal direction and two planting units 3 in the vertical direction are connected by two hinge devices 4 respectively. The hinge device 4 can adjust the distance between two adjacent planting units 3, thereby adjusting the expansion and contraction of the entire floating bed unit 2.

[0024] As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the planting unit 3 on the floating bed unit 2 includes a floating plate 5 and a planting basket 6. The floating plate 5 is located above the planting basket 6. The planting basket 6 is connected to the floating plate 5 through a telescopic device 7. The planting basket 6 is connected to the fixed unit 1. The planting basket 6 is located underwater. Emergent plants are planted on the planting basket 6, and floating-leaved plants are planted on the floating plate 5.

[0025] The planting basket 6 is fixed in position by the fixing unit 1, and the floating plate 5 is adjusted by the telescopic device 7 to adjust the distance between itself and the planting basket 6, thereby adjusting the contact depth and contact area between the floating leaf plants on the floating plate 5 and the water. In this embodiment, the planting basket 6 is located underwater and can also be used to plant submerged plants.

[0026] The data acquisition unit 8 includes a water level sensor and a water quality sensor 804. The water level sensor acquires the river water level, and the water quality sensor 804 acquires the river water quality. The water quality parameters include pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and temperature.

[0027] The control unit connects to the water quality sensor 804, the water level sensor, and the telescopic device 7. The telescopic device 7 adjusts the buoyancy and descent of the float 5 based on the water quality and water level data collected by the water level sensor and the water quality sensor 804. Specifically, the water quality parameters collected by the water quality sensor 804 are sent to the control unit. The control unit analyzes the water quality parameters and generates control commands for the telescopic device 7 based on these parameters. The control commands are then sent to the telescopic device 7, which executes the control commands to extend and retract. This adjusts the height of the float 5, changing the contact area between the floating-leaved plants on the float 5 and the water, ensuring the purification function of the floating-leaved plants. For example, the water level sensor collects water level parameters and sends them to the control unit. The control unit compares the water level parameters with a set water level and calculates the difference. When the water level parameter is lower than the set water level, it indicates a drop in water level, and the control unit obtains the difference in water level. Based on this difference, the control unit generates a downward control command for the telescopic device 7, which includes the descent stroke. This command is then sent to the telescopic device 7, which causes the float 5 to descend, ensuring that the roots of the floating-leaved plants on the float 5 can contact the water.

[0028] The multi-scale adaptive floating plant ecological system for fish habitat creation provided in this embodiment utilizes a three-dimensional hierarchical design of submerged plants, emergent plants, and floating-leaved plants on planting baskets 6 and floating boards 5, making full use of ecological space and exhibiting strong restoration capabilities. The system integrates multiple ecological functions through its layered design.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] This embodiment provides a multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation, based on Embodiment 1, as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 6. The fixing unit 1 includes several horizontally arranged fixing rods. Each fixing rod is connected to a planting basket 6 on the first planting unit 3 of each row. Each fixing rod includes an inner rod 101, a sleeve 102, and a threaded locking element 103. One end of the inner rod 101 is anchored to the riverbed, and the other end is slidably connected to the sleeve 102. The other end of the sleeve 102 is bolted to the side wall of the planting basket 6. A threaded locking element 103 is also provided at the end of the sleeve 102 connected to the inner rod 101, locking the sleeve 102 and the inner rod 101 together. When the threaded locking element 103 is opened, the relative position of the sleeve 102 and the inner rod 101 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the length of the fixing rod. The maximum length of the fixing rod is 1.5m. Fixed rods of different lengths can be adapted to different riverbed soils and rocks, so that the inner rod anchoring end can reach the set insertion depth and the connection end can maintain the predetermined tension and connection angle, thereby improving the system stability.

[0031] As shown in Figures 2 and 6, the floating plate 5 includes a floating plate grid 501, horizontal floating plates 502, and vertical floating plates 503. The floating plate grid 501 has a rectangular structure. Two horizontal floating plates 502 and two vertical floating plates 503 are respectively installed on the four side walls of the floating plate grid 501. The horizontal floating plates 502 and vertical floating plates 503 are molded together with the floating plate grid 501 in one step. Several arrayed through holes 504 are opened in the middle of the floating plate grid 501. The through holes 504 are arranged vertically, allowing emergent plants on the planting basket 6 to pass through the through holes 504 and be supported by the grid of the floating plate 5. The through holes 504 have a square grid structure, with each through hole measuring 5cm × 5cm. The floating plate grid 501 uses a material with a density of 0.9g / cm³. -3 Made of bamboo fiber composite laminate, with a thickness of 2-3cm, the surface of the floating grid 501 is covered with a natural fiber base, which can be coconut fiber. Floating-leaved plants are planted on the upper surface of the floating grid 501, and the natural fiber base provides nutrients for the floating-leaved plants.

[0032] The planting basket 6 has a trapezoidal structure, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. It is made of biodegradable bio-based plastic, with a bottom diameter of 50cm x 50cm, a top diameter of 40cm x 40cm, and a height of 30cm. The design balances structural strength with eco-friendly materials. A planting trough 601 is located in the center of the planting basket 6, where emergent plants are planted. Gravel troughs 603 are formed on the two sloping sides of the planting basket 6. Several recesses 604 are formed on the two vertical side walls of the planting basket 6. A flow guide plate 605 is installed on the planting basket 6. The flow guide plate 605 is located at the bottom of the two sloping sides. It has a streamlined structure, a height of 8cm, an arc radius of 5cm, and a length of 40cm, and is made of ABS plastic. The water-facing angle of the flow guide plate 605 is 30°, which can buffer the impact of water flow on the planting unit 3, allowing the entire floating bed to maintain a speed of 2ms. -1 Displacement at the flow rate is <5mm.

[0033] As shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 6, a filter layer 602 is laid at the bottom of the planting trough 601. The filter layer 602 is made of membrane-coated polyester material, and the pore size of the filter layer 602 is 0.5-1.0 mm. A soil substrate is laid on the filter layer 602, and emergent plants are planted on the soil substrate. The stems of the emergent plants penetrate the through holes 504 on the floating plate 5. The soil substrate includes, by volume ratio: 40-50% local loam, 20-30% river sand, and 20-30% gravel. The gravel trough 603 is 50cm × 5cm × 15cm in size and is filled with coarse gravel, which is local riverbed gravel with a particle size of 5-10cm. Submerged plants are attached to the surface of the coarse gravel. The submerged plants can be Elodea nuttallii or Ceratophyllum demersum, which can serve as food for herbivorous fish. The gravel trough 603 filled with gravel increases the weight of the planting basket 6 and improves its stability. The recessed hole 604 is 60mm deep and 15mm in diameter, providing a habitat for fish in the planting basket 6 and a spawning environment for fish in the recessed hole 604.

[0034] As shown in Figures 1, 3, 4, and 6, a planting unit 3 is equipped with four telescopic devices 7. One end of each telescopic device 7 is installed at one of the four apex corners of the floating grid 501, and the other end is installed on the planting basket 6. The telescopic devices 7 are vertically positioned between the floating grid 501 and the planting basket 6. Each telescopic device 7 includes a sleeve rod 701, a lead screw, a flexible rod 702, and a motor. The lead screw has a matching slider nut. One end of the lead screw is connected to the output end of the motor, and one end of the flexible rod 702 is connected to the slider nut on the lead screw. The motor drives the lead screw... The flexible rod 702 extends and retracts, driving the slider nut to slide on the lead screw. The motor is installed inside the planting basket 6. The lead screw and its slider nut are located inside the sleeve rod 701. One end of the flexible rod 702 extends from the upper end of the sleeve rod 701 and connects to the bottom of the float plate 5. One end of the sleeve rod 701 is installed on the planting basket 6 to protect the lead screw and motor. The extension length of the telescopic device 7 is 1-1.5m. The outer diameter of the flexible rod 702 is 32mm, the wall thickness is 2mm, and the lateral elastic deflection is ±5°, which can absorb impact loads when subjected to lateral force.

[0035] As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 7, this embodiment also includes a float slide 801 for mounting a water quality sensor 804 and a water level sensor. The float slide 801 is mounted on a control box 9, which is installed on the side of the planting basket 6 of one of the planting units 3. The water level sensor includes a water level sensor probe 802 and a float 803. The float 803 is slidably mounted on the float slide 801, and the water level sensor probe 802 is mounted on the float 803. The water level sensor has a range of 1-5m and an accuracy of ±0.1cm on the float slide 801. The water quality sensor 804 is located below the float 803. The control unit is installed inside the control box 9, which also contains a communication device. The communication device is connected to the control unit and the control center, and sends the data received by the control unit to the control center. Among them, the buoy 803 has a sliding range of 1-5m on the buoy slide bar 801, and the water level sensor probe 802 has a response frequency of 2Hz, which meets the measurement requirements of daily rise and fall of 0-3m in mountain rivers and annual variation of 5m in floodplains. The water quality sensor 804 adopts a five-in-one electrode type with a response frequency of 2Hz. Both the water quality sensor 804 and the water level sensor probe 802 are connected to the control unit in the control box 9 by cables.

[0036] In this embodiment, the control unit can be an ARM Cortex-M7 MCU with a 32-bit core, and it also has a built-in 24-bit ADC and FPU. It can monitor water quality and water level, and control the telescopic device 7 based on the water quality and water level data to adjust the height of the float 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, when the water quality sensor 804 sends the collected water quality parameters to the control unit, and the control unit determines that the water quality parameters deviate from the set parameters, it can intermittently adjust the lifting and lowering of the telescopic device 7 to adjust the contact depth between the floating leaf plants on the float plate 5 and the water body, increase the metabolic intensity of the floating leaf plants, and improve the purification effect.

[0038] The hinge device 4 includes a transverse rhomboid frame 401 and a longitudinal rhomboid frame 402. Two adjacent planting units 3 in the transverse position are connected by two parallel transverse rhomboid frames 401. The two opposite ends of the transverse rhomboid frames 401 are respectively hinged to the floats 5 of the two adjacent planting units 3 in the transverse position. The transverse rhomboid frames 401 are arranged perpendicular to the water surface. Two adjacent planting units 3 in the longitudinal position are connected by a longitudinal rhomboid frame 402. The two opposite ends of the longitudinal rhomboid frame 402 are respectively hinged to the lifting frames of the two adjacent planting units 3 in the longitudinal position. The longitudinal rhomboid frame 402 is arranged parallel to the water surface. Furthermore, two adjacent longitudinal rhomboid frames 402 are hinged together.

[0039] As shown in Figures 1, 3, 4, and 8, both the horizontal rhomboid frame 401 and the vertical rhomboid frame 402 are rhomboid structures with four plates 403 rotatably connected. The plates 403 are installed together by magnetic hooks 404. Mounting holes are provided at both ends of the plates 403, and the magnetic hooks 404 are detachably installed in the mounting holes. The magnetic hooks 404 are circular neodymium iron boron permanent magnets with a diameter of 5cm and a magnetic strength of N35. The two plates 403 can rotate around the magnetic hooks 404, and the range of motion of the included angle between adjacent plates 403 is 0-120°. The distance between the two planting units 3 can be adjusted by the rotation of the two plates 403. Furthermore, the movable rhomboid frame structure can buffer the impact force between adjacent planting units 3, achieving a buffering effect and improving the stability of the device. The horizontal diamond frame 401 uses a plate 403 with a size of 12cm × 60cm, while the vertical diamond frame 402 uses a plate 403 with a size of 20cm × 100cm. The plate 403 is a tough plate 403 made of biodegradable material.

[0040] Adjacent planting units 3 are connected by a horizontal rhombus frame 401 and a vertical rhombus frame 402. The horizontal rhombus frame 401 and the vertical rhombus frame 402 are deformable parallelogram structures, which can change the included angle and distance between adjacent planting units 3, thereby realizing the density variation of the number of floating bed units 2 within a unit water area, so that the planting unit 3 arrangement density can adapt to the environment and the needs of fish reproduction.

[0041] This embodiment provides a multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation: 1. It adopts a three-dimensional hierarchical design of submerged plants, emergent plants, and floating-leaved plants, making full use of ecological space and exhibiting strong restoration capabilities. The system integrates multiple ecological functions through a layered design. The planting baskets 6 of planting unit 3 cultivate submerged plants such as *Hydrilla verticillata*. The concave holes 604 and gravel troughs 603 of planting basket 6 can provide fish with egg-laying substrates, zooplankton with benthic habitats and food, realizing an integrated ecological function of "spawning-hatching-sheltering-feeding," providing fish with food and a micro-topographical structure for habitat, spawning, and shelter for juvenile fish; emergent plants can be selected such as basket-planted calamus and reeds to form a surface shading and cooling zone; floating-leaved plants can be selected such as water hyacinth, which automatically covers gaps as the water level rises and falls, forming an adjustable density gradient to meet the differentiated seasonal needs of spring spawning of sinking eggs, summer juvenile fish rearing, and autumn foraging and fattening, and can also restore the aquatic ecosystem.

[0042] 2. The system adopts a modular structure that is liftable, retractable, and assembleable, offering convenient maintenance, high river adaptability, and ease of deployment. The floating bed system employs various stable buffer structures, with the flexible floating bed fixing rod 101 being retractable and possessing a certain degree of toughness to ensure the stability of the overall structure. Multiple planting units 3 are connected via magnetic hook-and-loop fasteners 404 and hinges, facilitating rapid deployment, flexible expansion, or disassembly and recovery based on different river hydrological conditions and fish distribution characteristics, significantly improving the system's environmental adaptability and management efficiency.

[0043] 3. The structure of flexible rod 702, rhomboid frame hinge device 4, and guide plate 605 is adopted to realize all-round buffering of the floating bed and improve the stability of the floating bed.

[0044] 4. The telescopic device 7, controlled by the control unit based on water level and water quality data, enables the growth and purification functions of floating-leaved plants on the float 5, improves environmental purification capabilities, and thus accurately manages and protects the habitat of the protected fish.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation, characterized in that, include: A fixed unit is installed on the riverbed. A floating unit includes several arrayed planting units connected by hinges, which also adjust the distance between the planting units. Each planting unit includes a floating plate and a planting basket, connected by a telescopic device. The fixed unit is connected to the planting basket. The telescopic device adjusts the distance between the floating plate and the planting basket. The floating plate is used to plant floating-leaved plants, and the planting basket is used to plant emergent and submerged plants. A data collection unit includes a water level sensor for collecting water level data and a water quality sensor for collecting water quality data. A control unit connects the water quality sensor, the water level sensor, and the telescopic device. The telescopic device adjusts the distance between the floating plate and the planting basket based on the water level data collected by the water level sensor and the water quality data collected by the water quality sensor.

2. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing unit includes several fixing rods horizontally installed on the first planting basket in each row. Each fixing rod includes an inner rod and a sleeve. One end of the inner rod is anchored to the riverbed, and the other end is slidably installed on the sleeve. The other end of the sleeve is installed on the planting basket by bolts. A threaded locking element is provided on the sleeve to lock the relative position of the inner rod and the sleeve.

3. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating plate includes a floating plate grid, horizontal floating plates and vertical floating plates. The center of the floating plate grid has several arrayed through holes that run vertically through the center. The horizontal and vertical floating plates are respectively arranged around the floating plate grid. The floating plate grid is made of biodegradable lightweight composite material, and the floating plate grid is covered with a layer of natural fiber and planted with floating-leaved plants.

4. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting basket has a trapezoidal structure that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, with a planting trough in the middle. A filter layer is laid at the bottom of the planting trough, and a soil substrate is laid on the filter layer. Emergent plants are planted on the soil substrate. The filter layer is made of membrane-coated polyester filter material, and the pore size of the filter layer is 0.5-1.0 mm. The soil substrate includes: 40-50% local loam, 20-30% river sand, and 20-30% gravel. The planting basket is made of biodegradable bio-based plastic.

5. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 4, characterized in that, A guide plate is installed on the side of the planting basket facing the water flow. The guide plate has a streamlined structure and a water-facing angle of 30°.

6. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The planting basket has gravel troughs on both sides, and the gravel troughs are filled with rough-surfaced gravel with a particle size of 5-10cm.

7. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The planting basket has several recessed holes on its side wall.

8. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hinge device includes several horizontal rhomboid frames and several vertical rhomboid frames. Two adjacent horizontal floating plates are installed at opposite ends of the horizontal rhomboid frames, which are installed perpendicular to the water surface. Two adjacent vertical planting baskets are installed at opposite ends of the vertical rhomboid frames, which are installed parallel to the water surface. Both the horizontal and vertical rhomboid frames are rhomboid structures composed of four plates, which are connected by magnetic snap fasteners.

9. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a buoy slide rod for mounting a water level sensor and a water quality sensor, the buoy slide rod being mounted on a control box, the control box being mounted on one of the planting baskets, and the control unit being disposed inside the control box; the water level sensor includes a buoy and a water level sensor probe, the water level sensor probe being mounted on the buoy, and the buoy being slidably mounted on the buoy slide rod.

10. The multi-scale adaptive plant ecological floating bed system for fish habitat creation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A planting unit is equipped with four telescopic devices, each vertically installed between the floating plate and the planting basket. One end of each telescopic device is installed at one of the four apex corners of the floating plate, and the other end is installed on the planting basket. Each telescopic device includes a sleeve rod, a lead screw, a flexible rod, and a motor. A slider nut is installed on the lead screw. One end of the lead screw is connected to the output end of the motor. One end of the flexible rod is connected to the slider nut. The motor is installed inside the planting basket. The lead screw is installed inside the sleeve rod. The end of the flexible rod away from the slider nut extends from one end of the sleeve rod and connects to the bottom of the floating plate. One end of the sleeve rod is installed on the planting basket. The lateral elastic deflection of the flexible rod is ±5°.

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