Conductivity anomaly early warning method and system for radioactivity column separation

Abstract

The application provides a conductivity anomaly early warning method and system for radioactivity column separation, and relates to the technical field of data processing. The method comprises the following steps: collecting an original conductivity time sequence signal of eluate in a radioactivity column separation process, pre-processing the original conductivity time sequence signal to obtain a denoising reconstructed conductivity signal; decomposing the denoising reconstructed conductivity signal into an intrinsic modal component, and calculating the instantaneous energy and sensitive component of the intrinsic modal component to obtain a characteristic modal signal set. Through the fusion of modal feature analysis of the conductivity signal and spatial correlation verification of the ultrasonic wave multi-parameter, the interference introduced by the change of the environment and the medium physical property is filtered out, and the early subtle abnormal trend in the radioactivity column separation process is identified and warned.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to a method and system for early warning of conductivity anomalies in radioactive column separation. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of radioisotope separation and purification, ion exchange column separation technology is a key means to obtain high-purity radionuclides. In this process, the change in conductivity of the eluent can directly reflect the dynamic process of ion exchange within the column. Therefore, real-time monitoring of conductivity time-series signals is the main way to judge whether the separation process is normal and to detect abnormal conditions such as blockage or leakage in a timely manner.

[0003] However, in actual radioactive column separation operations, due to the radioactivity of the fluid medium and the complex flow path environment, conductivity sensors are highly susceptible to electromagnetic interference, fluid bubble disturbances, and radioactive background noise. This results in the acquisition of raw conductivity time-series signals often containing a large amount of non-operational noise. Existing signal processing methods mostly focus on removing high-frequency noise through filtering algorithms or performing simple smoothing, but when faced with complex transient interference, they may struggle to effectively distinguish between genuine operational fluctuations and spurious signal distortions. For example, in a radioactive column rinsing operation, when the temperature within the flow path is slightly elevated... When fluctuations or microbubbles cause instantaneous changes in conductivity signals, traditional denoising algorithms may misinterpret these brief signal abrupt changes as early signs of column blockage, thus triggering erroneous alarm commands. Conversely, if alarm thresholds are relaxed or filtering intensity is increased to reduce false alarm rates, genuine weak anomalies may be masked by excessive smoothing, leading to missed fault detection. This monitoring method, which relies solely on conductivity signals and lacks multi-dimensional physical quantity verification, makes it difficult for existing technologies to achieve early warning of abnormal operating conditions while maintaining a low false alarm rate in complex interference environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for early warning of conductivity anomalies in radioactive column separation. By integrating modal characteristic analysis of conductivity signals with spatial correlation verification of multiple ultrasonic parameters, interference introduced by environmental and medium property changes is filtered out, enabling the identification and early warning of early subtle abnormal trends during radioactive column separation.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, a method for early warning of conductivity anomalies in radioactive column separation is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Collect the raw conductivity time-series signal of the eluent during the radioactive column separation process, and preprocess the raw conductivity time-series signal to obtain the noise-reconstructed conductivity signal;

[0008] Step 2: Decompose the denoised and reconstructed conductivity signal into intrinsic mode components, and calculate the instantaneous energy and sensitive components of the intrinsic mode components to obtain the characteristic mode signal set;

[0009] Step 3: Based on the abnormal operating conditions indicated by the characteristic mode signal set, trigger multiple ultrasonic transducers preset on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component to work synchronously, emit ultrasonic pulses to the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component and receive echo signals. Extract the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset as initial verification parameters based on the echo signals of each ultrasonic transducer. Based on the spatial distribution relationship of multiple ultrasonic transducers, perform spatial correlation fusion on the initial verification parameters to obtain comprehensive verification parameters. Use the comprehensive verification parameters to correct the time series data corresponding to the characteristic mode signal set to obtain the ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time series signal.

[0010] Step 4: Perform differential calculation and polynomial fitting on the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time series signal to obtain the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, and predict the conductivity value within the preset time window based on the short-term evolution trend. When the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning command is obtained.

[0011] Secondly, an early warning system for abnormal conductivity used in radioactive column separation includes:

[0012] The acquisition module is used to acquire the raw conductivity time-series signal of the eluent during the separation of radioactive columns, and to preprocess the raw conductivity time-series signal to obtain the noise-reconstructed conductivity signal;

[0013] The module is used to decompose the denoised reconstructed conductivity signal into intrinsic mode components, and calculate the instantaneous energy and sensitive components of the intrinsic mode components to obtain the characteristic mode signal set;

[0014] The correction module is used to trigger multiple ultrasonic transducers pre-installed on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component to work synchronously according to the abnormal operating conditions indicated by the characteristic mode signal set. These transducers emit ultrasonic pulses into the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component and receive echo signals. The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset are extracted from the echo signals of each ultrasonic transducer as initial verification parameters. Based on the spatial distribution relationship of the multiple ultrasonic transducers, the initial verification parameters are spatially correlated and fused to obtain comprehensive verification parameters. These comprehensive verification parameters are then used to correct the time-series data corresponding to the characteristic mode signal set, resulting in an ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time-series signal.

[0015] The early warning module is used to perform differential calculation and polynomial fitting processing on the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time series signal to obtain the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, and predict the conductivity value within a preset time window based on the short-term evolution trend. When it is determined that the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning command is issued.

[0016] Thirdly, a computing device includes:

[0017] One or more processors;

[0018] A storage device for storing one or more programs that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method.

[0019] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium storing a program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method.

[0020] The above-described solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] By preprocessing, denoising, reconstructing, and decomposing the original conductivity time series signal, sensitive characteristic mode components reflecting fluid state changes are extracted, improving the identification of weak abnormal signals. A multi-channel ultrasonic transducer collaborative detection mechanism is introduced, and a fusion algorithm based on ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, sound velocity offset, and spatial correlation is used to cross-verify and correct the conductivity characteristic signal, forming a joint judgment system of conductivity and ultrasonic dual physical quantities. This reduces the probability of false alarms and missed alarms from a single conductivity signal, improving the reliability and accuracy of anomaly judgment. Based on the corrected conductivity time series signal, differential calculation, polynomial fitting, and short-term trend prediction are performed, which can predict the conductivity evolution trend and future values ​​in advance before the fault fully manifests, enabling early warning of potential risks such as eluent abnormalities, flow path blockage, leakage, and decreased separation efficiency during radioactive column separation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an abnormal conductivity early warning method for radioactive column separation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an abnormal conductivity early warning system for radioactive column separation provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, embodiments of the present invention propose a method for early warning of conductivity anomalies in radioactive column separation, the method comprising the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Collect the raw conductivity time-series signal of the eluent during the radioactive column separation process, and preprocess the raw conductivity time-series signal to obtain the noise-reconstructed conductivity signal;

[0027] Step 2: Decompose the denoised and reconstructed conductivity signal into intrinsic mode components, and calculate the instantaneous energy and sensitive components of the intrinsic mode components to obtain the characteristic mode signal set;

[0028] Step 3: Based on the abnormal operating conditions indicated by the characteristic mode signal set, trigger multiple ultrasonic transducers preset on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component to work synchronously, emit ultrasonic pulses to the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component and receive echo signals. Extract the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset as initial verification parameters based on the echo signals of each ultrasonic transducer. Based on the spatial distribution relationship of multiple ultrasonic transducers, perform spatial correlation fusion on the initial verification parameters to obtain comprehensive verification parameters. Use the comprehensive verification parameters to correct the time series data corresponding to the characteristic mode signal set to obtain the ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time series signal.

[0029] Step 4: Perform differential calculation and polynomial fitting on the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time series signal to obtain the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, and predict the conductivity value within the preset time window based on the short-term evolution trend. When the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning command is obtained.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, by preprocessing, denoising and reconstructing, and decomposing the original conductivity time series signal, sensitive characteristic mode components reflecting fluid state changes are extracted, improving the identification of weak abnormal signals. A multi-channel ultrasonic transducer collaborative detection mechanism is introduced, and a fusion algorithm of ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, sound velocity offset, and spatial correlation is used to cross-verify and correct the conductivity characteristic signal, forming a joint judgment system of conductivity-ultrasonic dual physical quantities. This reduces the probability of false alarms and missed alarms of a single conductivity signal, improving the reliability and accuracy of anomaly judgment. Based on the corrected conductivity time series signal, differential calculation, polynomial fitting, and short-term trend prediction are performed, which can predict the conductivity evolution trend and future value in advance before the fault fully manifests, realizing early warning of potential risks such as eluent abnormalities, flow path blockage, leakage, and decreased separation efficiency during the radioactive column separation process.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 1 above, which involves acquiring the original conductivity time-series signal of the eluent during the radioactive column separation process and preprocessing the original conductivity time-series signal to obtain a denoised reconstructed conductivity signal, may include:

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, a dedicated conductivity sensor with resistance to radioactive corrosion and electromagnetic interference is selected. The sensor probe uses a corrosion-resistant and radiation-proof sealing material to prevent the sensor from being corroded by radioactive media or damaged by radiation, while also reducing the impact of electromagnetic interference on signal acquisition. The measurement range and accuracy of the sensor must match the conventional conductivity range of the eluent in the radioactive column separation to ensure the accuracy of the acquired data and avoid signal distortion caused by mismatched ranges. The adapted conductivity sensor is installed inside the eluent measurement component in the radioactive column separation flow path. The installation location is selected in an area where the eluent flow is stable, without dead volume or air bubbles (avoiding locations prone to air bubbles and fluid disturbances, such as bends in the flow path and valve interfaces). This ensures that the sensor probe is completely immersed in the eluent and in stable contact with the fluid. The sensor is also properly sealed and secured to prevent leakage of the radioactive eluent and to avoid signal fluctuations caused by sensor loosening. Before the radioactive column separation operation officially starts, fixed signal acquisition parameters are set, and the sensor is started in continuous acquisition mode at a sampling frequency of once every 0.5-1 second. During the acquisition process, the time corresponding to each conductivity data point is recorded synchronously. Inter-node data collection is conducted to ensure strict data-time correspondence and avoid time-series disruptions. The entire acquisition process takes place in a sealed, radiation-protected environment to prevent direct contact between personnel and the sensing equipment and rinsing solution. Simultaneously, the sensor's operating status is monitored in real-time to prevent sensor malfunctions due to radiation or fluid impact. If acquisition is interrupted or data anomalies occur (such as null values ​​or extreme outliers), acquisition is restarted immediately, and the abnormal period is marked to ensure data integrity. The acquired raw conductivity time-series signal is stored in real-time in a dedicated radiation-protected data storage device to prevent data loss or interference. After acquisition, the raw data undergoes preliminary screening to remove obviously invalid data, such as null values ​​caused by acquisition interruptions or extreme outliers caused by sensor malfunctions, retaining the complete time-series data sequence. The resulting raw conductivity time-series signal, due to multiple interferences in the field, exhibits significant signal distortion, specifically manifested as sharp spikes caused by electromagnetic interference, instantaneous jumps caused by microbubbles in the fluid, small random fluctuations caused by background radiation noise, and slow baseline drift caused by minor fluctuations in flow path temperature. These noises are irrelevant to the actual operating conditions of ion exchange within the column and must be thoroughly removed through preprocessing.

[0033] The raw conductivity time-series signal preprocessing first clarifies the specific characteristics of various noises in the raw signal. Based on the actual working conditions of radioactive column separation, different types of noise are identified one by one. Electromagnetic interference noise is mostly isolated, instantaneous, sharp spikes with extremely short durations (usually less than 1 second) and amplitudes far exceeding the normal conductivity range. Bubble disturbance noise is a signal that rapidly recovers after an instantaneous jump, with a large jump amplitude and a short recovery time (1-3 seconds). Radioactive background noise is an irregular, small-amplitude random fluctuation with a small amplitude that persists throughout the acquisition process. Temperature fluctuation noise is a slow baseline drift, with the signal exhibiting a linear or slow curve change overall, without instantaneous abrupt changes. This process addresses any noises not fully screened during the acquisition process. Invalid data, such as occasional null values ​​and extreme outliers, is identified by combining conductivity data from adjacent time points to determine the range of invalid data and completely remove it. For isolated sharp spike noise caused by electromagnetic interference, the time point corresponding to the spike is identified by observing the signal waveform, and the abnormal signal at that point is removed. At the same time, linear interpolation is performed using conductivity data from two adjacent valid time points to supplement the signal, avoiding signal gaps caused by noise removal and ensuring the continuity of the timing signal. The core purpose of this step is to remove completely meaningless invalid data and isolated transient interference without affecting the trend of the normal signal. For transient jump signals caused by bubbles, the start and end time points of the jump are first identified to determine the signal before and after the jump. If the signal trend is such that the signal is stable before the jump and quickly returns to a stable state after the jump, confirming that it is a bubble disturbance rather than a real operating condition anomaly, the stable signal trend before and after the jump is used to fit and correct the signal in the jump region, eliminating jump distortion and restoring the normal signal trend for that period, thus avoiding misjudging bubble disturbance as an operating condition anomaly signal; for persistent small-amplitude random noise, a continuous signal smoothing method is used, which weakens the amplitude of random fluctuations by comparing conductivity data at adjacent time points, while retaining the normal signal change trend, such as the slow rise or fall of conductivity during in-column ion exchange, to avoid over-smoothing that would mask the real signal and ensure that the true characteristics of operating condition changes are preserved; For baseline drift caused by temperature fluctuations, real-time temperature data of the flow path recorded during the acquisition process is retrieved synchronously. Combined with the correlation characteristics between temperature and eluent conductivity (temperature changes will cause small fluctuations in conductivity, which are non-operating condition interferences), the baseline of the entire time-series signal is corrected, and the signal offset caused by temperature fluctuations is adjusted to the normal reference, ensuring that the signal can truly reflect the changes in ion concentration in the eluent, i.e., the real operating conditions of ion exchange in the column. For the signal after the above-mentioned layered noise reduction processing, a full-domain time-series continuity check is performed to fill the signal gaps caused by noise removal and distortion correction (all using linear interpolation or trend fitting methods of adjacent effective signals to ensure that the supplemented data fits the overall signal trend).Simultaneously, the signal morphology is regularized to eliminate potential signal distortions during processing, ensuring that the reconstructed conductivity signal clearly and continuously reflects the true change in eluent conductivity with ion exchange during radioactive column separation, free from any invalid noise interference, signal distortion, or temporal disorder; the final result is a denoised reconstructed conductivity signal.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 2 above, which decomposes the denoised reconstructed conductivity signal into intrinsic mode components and calculates the instantaneous energy and sensitive components of the intrinsic mode components to obtain a set of characteristic mode signals, may include:

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, step 220 involves decomposing the denoised reconstructed conductivity signal into a series of intrinsic mode components arranged from high to low frequency components using empirical mode decomposition. Specifically, this includes: for the denoised reconstructed conductivity signal obtained in the previous preprocessing step, which has been freed from electromagnetic interference, bubble disturbances, radioactive background noise, and temperature fluctuations, it accurately reflects the dynamic changes in the conductivity of the eluent during radioactive column separation. Furthermore, the signal is continuous, distortion-free, and without temporal disorder. An adaptive decomposition method using empirical mode decomposition is employed. This decomposition method does not require any preset fixed frequency parameters, decomposition layers, or other external conditions, and is completely consistent with... The denoising and reconstructed conductivity signal itself exhibits a temporal variation pattern that can adapt to the dynamic fluctuations in the eluent conductivity during radioactive column separation as the ion exchange reaction within the column progresses. The specific decomposition process is as follows: a full-domain scan of the complete denoising and reconstructed conductivity signal is performed to identify the signal component with the highest fluctuation frequency and most dramatic changes. This component mainly corresponds to transient micro-disturbances in the eluent during radioactive column separation, such as brief fluctuations caused by residual micro-bubbles in the flow path and instantaneous signal fluctuations caused by minute changes in the eluent flow velocity. Although these fluctuations have undergone preprocessing, they still have weak residual components and are potential indicators related to abnormal operating conditions. The high-frequency signal component is extracted as the first intrinsic mode component. The remaining signal after the first high-frequency intrinsic mode component is then scanned and analyzed again to identify and extract the second-highest frequency component, which corresponds to the sub-transient fluctuation of the eluent, and is thus designated as the second intrinsic mode component. This process is repeated, with the highest frequency component extracted each time, until the lowest frequency intrinsic mode component is extracted. This low-frequency component primarily corresponds to the separation of radioactive columns. The overall progress of the ion exchange reaction within the column reflects the long-term, slow change trend of the eluent conductivity as ion exchange progresses, such as the gradual decrease in conductivity due to the gradual decrease in ion concentration during elution. After disassembly, all extracted intrinsic modal components are organized and arranged strictly according to the order of fluctuation frequency from high to low. At the same time, the independence of each intrinsic modal component is verified one by one to ensure that there are no overlapping frequency components between any two intrinsic modal components, avoid mutual interference between signals of different components, and ensure that each intrinsic modal component can independently reflect the signal fluctuation characteristics of a specific frequency.

[0036] Step 221: Perform instantaneous feature extraction on each intrinsic mode component (IMF) to obtain the change of the instantaneous amplitude of each IMF over time. The square of the instantaneous amplitude of each IMF is then used as the instantaneous energy of each IMF, resulting in the instantaneous energy sequence corresponding to each IMF. Specifically, this includes: for each IMF obtained in step 220, performing instantaneous feature extraction separately, using a sequential processing approach without cross-processing different IMFs to ensure accurate and interference-free extraction results for each component, strictly corresponding to the independent components obtained in the previous step. The specific extraction and calculation process is as follows: determine the time node for instantaneous feature extraction, strictly following the original conductivity information... The time interval and time node for signal acquisition, denoising and reconstructing conductivity signal generation are consistent with those in step 220, ensuring complete synchronization with the time series of the denoising and reconstructing conductivity signal. This ensures that the extracted instantaneous features correspond one-to-one with the actual process of radioactive column separation. For each intrinsic mode component, the instantaneous amplitude corresponding to each component at each time node is recorded one by one. The specific value of the instantaneous amplitude at each moment is recorded in detail, without missing any time node. Then, the instantaneous amplitudes of all time nodes are connected sequentially according to time to form the characteristic trajectory of the instantaneous amplitude of the intrinsic mode component changing continuously with time. This trajectory can clearly and intuitively present the fluctuation law, fluctuation amplitude and change trend of the intrinsic mode component in the entire process of radioactive column separation.

[0037] After obtaining the change of the instantaneous amplitude of each intrinsic mode component over time, the instantaneous energy of each intrinsic mode component is recorded at each corresponding time point. The instantaneous energy is calculated by multiplying the instantaneous amplitude of the intrinsic mode component at a certain time point by itself, i.e., multiplying the instantaneous amplitude by itself. This calculation method yields the specific value of the instantaneous energy of the intrinsic mode component at that time point. Following the above calculation method, the instantaneous amplitude of the intrinsic mode component at all time points is calculated one by one to obtain the instantaneous energy at each time point. The instantaneous energy values ​​at all times are then organized and integrated in chronological order to form an instantaneous energy sequence specific to each intrinsic mode component. The instantaneous feature extraction and instantaneous energy calculation process is repeated. For each intrinsic mode component obtained in step 220, a corresponding instantaneous amplitude change trajectory and instantaneous energy sequence are generated separately to ensure that each intrinsic mode component has its own exclusive instantaneous energy sequence that is strictly time-corresponding. This instantaneous energy sequence can quantitatively reflect the energy change of the corresponding intrinsic mode component throughout the entire radioactive column separation process.

[0038] Step 222: Based on the time-varying instantaneous energy sequence corresponding to each intrinsic mode component, select intrinsic mode components from all intrinsic mode components whose instantaneous energy sequences show sudden increases, decreases, or abnormal fluctuations, and designate these selected intrinsic mode components as sensitive components. Specifically, this includes: performing time-series change analysis on the instantaneous energy sequences corresponding to each intrinsic mode component obtained in Step 221 (each instantaneous energy sequence is completely synchronized with the time sequence of the corresponding intrinsic mode component and can quantify the energy change of that component), observing and comparing the changing trend, fluctuation amplitude, and rate of change of each instantaneous energy sequence throughout the entire radioactive column separation process, combined with radioactive... The standard operating conditions for column separation are as follows: under normal operating conditions, the conductivity of the eluent should remain stable, and the instantaneous energy sequences of each intrinsic mode component should also remain stable, without obvious sudden increases, decreases, or abnormal fluctuations. Each instantaneous energy sequence is then individually assessed for any abnormal changes. The specific analysis and screening process is as follows: for each instantaneous energy sequence, a full-domain time-series scan is performed, focusing on observing the changes in the sequence at different time intervals to distinguish between normal fluctuations and abnormal changes. The criterion for a sudden increase in instantaneous energy is that a certain instantaneous energy sequence experiences a significant increase within a short period of time, i.e., the increase in instantaneous energy value within 1-3 seconds exceeds the amplitude under normal stable conditions. A sudden increase of 50% or more, and the inability to quickly return to a normal, stable range, typically corresponds to a sudden anomaly during radioactive column separation, such as a slight blockage in the flow path obstructing the eluent flow and causing a significant increase in instantaneous conductivity fluctuations. The criterion for instantaneous energy decay is a sustained and rapid decrease in the instantaneous energy sequence over a certain period, where the instantaneous energy value continuously decreases, with a decrease exceeding 30% of the normal stable amplitude per second, lasting for more than 5 seconds. This decay typically corresponds to abnormal operating conditions during radioactive column separation, such as eluent leakage causing a rapid decrease in ion concentration and a weakening of conductivity fluctuations. The determination of abnormal instantaneous energy fluctuations... The standard is that a certain instantaneous energy sequence exhibits irregular and violent fluctuations during the entire radioactive column separation process or within a certain time period, with the fluctuation amplitude exceeding ±40% of the amplitude under normal stable conditions and without a stable trend. Such abnormal fluctuations usually correspond to complex anomalies occurring during the radioactive column separation process, such as the generation of a large number of bubbles in the flow path, signal fluctuations caused by poor sensor contact, or abnormal ion exchange reactions within the column. For any of the above three abnormal changes in the instantaneous energy sequence, its corresponding intrinsic mode components can reflect the abnormal operating conditions during the radioactive column separation process. These intrinsic mode components are screened out one by one, clearly marked, and identified as sensitive components.For intrinsic mode components whose instantaneous energy sequences remain consistently stable without any abnormal changes and whose fluctuation amplitudes remain within the normal stable range, these correspond to normal fluctuations under normal operating conditions of radioactive column separation and do not possess any significance for anomaly characterization. Therefore, they are eliminated one by one to ensure that each selected sensitive component is closely related to the abnormal operating conditions and that no irrelevant normal components are mixed in.

[0039] Step 223: Combine all sensitive components and integrate the instantaneous energy sequence corresponding to each sensitive component as feature information to obtain a feature mode signal set. Specifically, this includes: for all sensitive components screened in step 222, all sensitive components are derived from the intrinsic mode components obtained in step 220, and all correspond to components with abnormal instantaneous energy sequences, which can reflect abnormal operating conditions. These components are integrated and combined, and the entire process uses the sensitive components screened in step 222 and the corresponding instantaneous energy sequences obtained in step 221 as the processing objects to ensure that the processing results strictly correspond to the processing results of the previous two steps. The specific combination and integration process is as follows: All sensitive components screened in step 222 are sorted out and integrated according to the original frequency order of the intrinsic mode components obtained in step 220, i.e., from high to low frequency. The frequency correlation of the sensitive components is not changed, ensuring that the combined sensitive components can completely cover various abnormal fluctuation characteristics that may occur during the radioactive column separation process, including high-frequency transient abnormal fluctuations, sub-high-frequency transient abnormal fluctuations, and low-frequency slow abnormal fluctuations, avoiding the omission of any abnormality-related component features.

[0040] The instantaneous energy sequence corresponding to each sensitive component obtained in step 221 is matched one-to-one with the sensitive component to ensure that each sensitive component has its own exclusive instantaneous energy sequence as supporting feature information, and that there is no misalignment or confusion between the sensitive component and the instantaneous energy sequence. After the matching is completed, all sensitive components and their corresponding instantaneous energy sequences are included in the integration scope, and are uniformly sorted, archived and integrated. The instantaneous amplitude change trajectory and instantaneous energy sequence of each sensitive component are associated and integrated with the frequency information and time series information of the sensitive component to determine the abnormal feature type corresponding to each sensitive component, such as the corresponding instantaneous energy surge, decay or abnormal fluctuation, to ensure that the integrated information is complete and clear. Through the above combination and integration process, a feature mode signal set containing all sensitive components and the instantaneous energy sequence corresponding to each sensitive component is formed.

[0041] Empirical mode decomposition decomposes complex signals into independent intrinsic mode components, separating abnormal fluctuation characteristics from normal fluctuation characteristics; instantaneous energy quantization characterizes the intensity of change of each component, making the characteristics of abnormal conditions more intuitive and easier to determine; sensitive component screening eliminates irrelevant conventional components, focusing on the core of the anomaly; and by integrating sensitive components and their corresponding energy sequences, a set of characteristic mode signals is constructed.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 3 above, based on the abnormal operating conditions indicated by the characteristic mode signal set, triggers multiple ultrasonic transducers preset on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component to work synchronously, emitting ultrasonic pulses to the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component and receiving echo signals, extracting the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset as initial verification parameters based on the echo signals of each ultrasonic transducer; performing spatial correlation fusion on the initial verification parameters based on the spatial distribution relationship of the multiple ultrasonic transducers to obtain comprehensive verification parameters; using the comprehensive verification parameters to correct the time series data corresponding to the characteristic mode signal set to obtain the ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time series signal, may include:

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, step 330 involves real-time monitoring of each sensitive component in the characteristic mode signal set and the corresponding instantaneous energy sequence of each sensitive component. When a sudden increase in amplitude, rapid decay, or periodic abnormal fluctuation is detected in the instantaneous energy sequence of any sensitive component, the current moment is determined to be the moment when an abnormal condition occurs. Specifically, this includes: starting a real-time monitoring program, ensuring that the monitoring work is synchronized with the radioactive column separation operation without any monitoring interruption, and clearly defining the monitoring object as each sensitive component in the characteristic mode signal set and the corresponding instantaneous energy sequence of each sensitive component, ensuring that no change in any sensitive component is missed. The monitoring process meticulously tracks the instantaneous amplitude changes of each sensitive component and the corresponding instantaneous energy sequence at every time point, ensuring the completeness and temporal continuity of the monitoring data. Specific criteria for anomaly detection are established, based on the signal fluctuation range under normal operating conditions of the radioactive column separation. These criteria have been calibrated through multiple prior experiments. The specific criteria are as follows: First, a sudden increase in amplitude refers to an instantaneous energy sequence of a sensitive component whose amplitude increases by more than 50% within 1-3 seconds compared to the normal stable amplitude, and the duration of this increase is prolonged. The following are some of the abnormal phenomena observed in a column: 1) The energy sequence of a sensitive component fails to return to its normal stable range within 2 seconds, typically indicating a sudden anomaly such as minor blockage in the flow path or a sudden change in the ion concentration of the eluent; 2) Rapid decay, where the instantaneous energy sequence of a sensitive component continuously and rapidly decreases, with a decrease exceeding 30% of the amplitude under normal stable conditions every second, and lasting for more than 5 seconds, typically indicating abnormal conditions such as eluent leakage or abnormal termination of the ion exchange reaction within the column; 3) Periodic abnormal fluctuations, where the instantaneous energy sequence of a sensitive component exhibits irregular and repetitive fluctuations with a fixed period (ranging from 5 to 10 seconds), and the fluctuation amplitude exceeds the amplitude under normal stable conditions. If the value is ±40% and the fluctuation lasts for more than 10 seconds, this phenomenon usually corresponds to complex anomalies such as a large number of bubbles generated in the flow path, poor sensor contact, or disordered ion exchange reaction in the column. During the monitoring process, the instantaneous energy sequence of each sensitive component is compared with the above judgment criteria one by one. As long as any of the three abnormal situations mentioned above are detected in the instantaneous energy sequence of any sensitive component, the current monitoring time is immediately determined to be the time when the abnormal condition occurs. The specific time information of that time is recorded simultaneously, and the sensitive component number and the abnormal type of its instantaneous energy sequence (sudden increase in amplitude, rapid decay, or periodic abnormal fluctuation) are marked.

[0044] Step 331: Simultaneously with determining the moment of occurrence of the abnormal operating condition, a synchronous trigger command is generated and sent to multiple ultrasonic transducers pre-installed on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component. The synchronous trigger command causes all ultrasonic transducers to simultaneously emit ultrasonic pulses of the same frequency and amplitude into the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component. Specifically, at the instant the moment of occurrence of the abnormal operating condition is determined in step 330, a synchronous trigger command is automatically generated without manual intervention. This command includes core parameters such as trigger time, ultrasonic pulse frequency, and ultrasonic pulse amplitude. The frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic pulse have been pre-calibrated through multiple tests based on the characteristics of the eluent (ion concentration range, viscosity) and the size of the measurement component in the radioactive column separation, ensuring that the ultrasonic pulse can propagate stably in the eluent fluid medium and reflect changes in the fluid medium's state. The generated synchronous trigger command is then rapidly sent to the multiple ultrasonic transducers pre-installed on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component via a dedicated anti-interference transmission line. During transmission, anti-electromagnetic interference and anti-radiation measures are implemented to ensure that the command transmission is not delayed, lost, or interrupted. To prevent interference, all ultrasonic transducers must receive the trigger command simultaneously. The preset positions of multiple ultrasonic transducers are pre-determined and evenly distributed on the tube wall of the measuring component. The distance between adjacent transducers is calibrated according to the inner diameter of the measuring component, ensuring that the ultrasonic pulses emitted by all transducers fully cover the rinsing fluid medium flowing through the measuring component, with no monitoring blind spots. The core function of the synchronous trigger command is to control all ultrasonic transducers to switch to transmission mode at the same instant when an abnormal condition occurs, emitting ultrasonic pulses towards the rinsing fluid medium flowing through the measuring component. The ultrasonic pulses emitted by all ultrasonic transducers must have completely consistent frequency and amplitude, without any frequency deviation or amplitude difference, avoiding deviations in subsequent echo signal acquisition due to inconsistent pulse parameters. This ensures uniform acquisition conditions for each ultrasonic transducer, providing a fair basis for the extraction and comparison of initial calibration parameters. During transmission, the transmission status of each ultrasonic transducer is monitored in real time to ensure synchronous transmission without delay or faults. If any transducer exhibits an abnormal transmission, its number is immediately marked.

[0045] Step 332 involves controlling each ultrasonic transducer to immediately switch to receiving mode after transmitting an ultrasonic pulse, and continuously acquiring the echo signal received by each ultrasonic transducer after reflection or transmission through the fluid medium, thus obtaining the corresponding echo signal for each ultrasonic transducer. Specifically, this includes: at the instant all ultrasonic transducers complete ultrasonic pulse transmission in step 331, immediately controlling each ultrasonic transducer to synchronously switch its operating mode from transmission mode to receiving mode via a control command. This switching process has no time delay, ensuring that the first frame of echo signal reflected or transmitted back after the ultrasonic pulse propagates in the fluid medium can be completely captured, avoiding signal loss or truncation due to switching delay. After switching to receiving mode, each ultrasonic transducer starts a continuous acquisition mode. The acquisition duration is determined in advance through testing based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic pulse in the rinsing fluid medium, typically set to 1.5 times the maximum time required for the ultrasonic pulse to travel from transmission to complete reflection and return, ensuring the acquisition of a complete echo signal. The waveforms are accurate and free from signal loss, truncation, or distortion. During acquisition, each ultrasonic transducer independently acquires its own echo signal, preventing cross-interference with signals from other transducers. Each transducer's signal is stored separately and synchronously linked to its transducer number, ultrasonic pulse emission time, and echo signal acquisition time. This ensures that each set of echo signals corresponds one-to-one with its respective ultrasonic transducer, preventing signal confusion or misalignment. Simultaneously, the entire acquisition process takes place in a sealed, radiation-protected environment. The ultrasonic transducer's acquisition circuitry is protected against radiation and electromagnetic interference to prevent distortion caused by radiation or electromagnetic interference. This ensures that the acquired echo signals accurately reflect the propagation of the ultrasonic pulse in the fluid medium, indirectly reflecting the ion concentration and impurity content of the fluid medium. After acquisition, each set of echo signals undergoes a preliminary check to remove invalid data such as no signal or excessive signal noise caused by transducer malfunctions, retaining only complete and clear echo signals.

[0046] Step 333: For each ultrasonic transducer, extract the maximum amplitude of the echo signal as the echo amplitude, and extract the time elapsed from the transmission time to the reception of the maximum echo amplitude as the echo propagation time. Specifically, this includes: for each set of valid echo signals acquired in step 332, perform signal analysis and parameter extraction individually. The extraction process adopts a one-by-one processing method, without cross-processing echo signals from different transducers, to ensure the accuracy and uniqueness of the extraction results. Before extraction, perform a full-domain scan of the echo signal waveform to remove minor noise (caused by background radioactive noise, residual electromagnetic interference, etc.). To ensure the clarity of the echo signal waveform and identify the location of the maximum echo amplitude, the echo amplitude is extracted. A full-domain analysis is performed on the processed echo signal waveform to identify the point with the largest amplitude. The amplitude value corresponding to this point is read and used as the echo amplitude for the ultrasonic transducer. The time point corresponding to this amplitude value is recorded synchronously to ensure the correspondence between the echo amplitude and the time point. During extraction, if there are multiple points with large amplitudes in the echo signal waveform, the largest one is selected as the echo amplitude to avoid extraction errors caused by noise and ensure that the echo amplitude accurately reflects the energy residue of the ultrasonic pulse after propagation in the fluid medium.

[0047] To extract the echo propagation time, first retrieve the precise time when the ultrasonic transducer emits the ultrasonic pulse in step 331, and then retrieve the precise time when the transducer receives the maximum echo amplitude in step 332. Calculate the time difference between these two times; this time difference is the time elapsed from the ultrasonic pulse emission time to the receipt of the maximum echo amplitude. Extract this time as the echo propagation time corresponding to the ultrasonic transducer. During the calculation, ensure that the timing reference for both times is consistent, using the same timing system to avoid errors in echo propagation time extraction due to timing deviations. After extraction, record the number, echo amplitude, and echo propagation time of each ultrasonic transducer in a dedicated data table for unified archiving to ensure that parameters are not confused or omitted. At the same time, verify the accuracy of the extraction results again. If a significant abnormality is found in a certain set of parameters, such as an echo propagation time that is too long or too short, exceeding the normal range, re-analyze and extract the echo signal of that transducer to ensure that each set of extracted parameters is accurate.

[0048] Step 334: For each ultrasonic transducer, calculate the echo amplitude and the pre-calibrated transmitted pulse amplitude to obtain the amplitude attenuation ratio, and use the amplitude attenuation ratio as the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient corresponding to that ultrasonic transducer. Specifically, this includes determining two core parameters required for the calculation: first, the echo amplitude extracted in step 333 for each ultrasonic transducer, which is a direct representation of the remaining energy after the ultrasonic pulse is reflected or transmitted through the fluid medium; second, the pre-calibrated transmitted pulse amplitude, which is a reference amplitude obtained under normal operating conditions of radioactive column separation, using ultrasonic pulses of the same frequency and amplitude as in step 331, calibrated in a pure elution medium (free of impurities, bubbles, and with ion concentration within the normal range). This reference amplitude has been calibrated multiple times in advance to ensure its accuracy and stability, and is stored in a dedicated data storage device for easy retrieval. For each ultrasonic transducer, calculate the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient individually using a simple ratio calculation. The specific operation is as follows: [The text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information.] The ratio obtained by dividing the echo amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer by the pre-calibrated transmitted pulse amplitude is the amplitude attenuation ratio of that ultrasonic transducer. Since this amplitude attenuation ratio directly reflects the degree of energy attenuation of the ultrasonic pulse when it propagates in the fluid medium, it is directly used as the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of that ultrasonic transducer. During the calculation, it is ensured that the unit of the echo amplitude of each ultrasonic transducer is consistent with the pre-calibrated transmitted pulse amplitude to avoid calculation errors due to unit inconsistencies. At the same time, the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of each ultrasonic transducer is recorded one by one, corresponding to the transducer number, echo amplitude, and echo propagation time to ensure the correlation of parameters. The larger the value of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, the more severe the energy attenuation of the ultrasonic pulse when it propagates in the fluid medium, indirectly indicating that the ion concentration in the fluid medium is higher, the impurity content is higher, or there are abnormal conditions such as bubbles or blockages. After the calculation is completed, the range of each ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is checked. If a coefficient exceeds the calibration range under normal operating conditions, the transducer number is marked.

[0049] Step 335: For each ultrasonic transducer, calculate the echo propagation time with the pre-calibrated reference propagation time in a clean medium to obtain the propagation time difference, and convert the propagation time difference into a sound velocity change, which is used as the sound velocity offset corresponding to that ultrasonic transducer; this includes obtaining the current actual propagation time for each ultrasonic transducer based on the echo propagation time measured for each transducer; comparing the current actual propagation time with the pre-stored reference propagation time calibrated for that ultrasonic transducer in a clean medium, and calculating the deviation of the current actual propagation time from the reference propagation time to obtain the propagation time of each ultrasonic transducer. Time difference; Based on the propagation time difference and the preset fixed ultrasonic propagation distance in the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component, calculate the current actual sound velocity value corresponding to each ultrasonic transducer; compare the current actual sound velocity value with the reference sound velocity value in the pre-calibrated pure medium, and obtain the sound velocity change of each ultrasonic transducer by calculating the degree of change of the current actual sound velocity value relative to the reference sound velocity value; integrate the sound velocity changes of each ultrasonic transducer and use them as the sound velocity offset corresponding to each ultrasonic transducer; Specifically, this includes: calculating the propagation time difference, retrieving the echo propagation time corresponding to each ultrasonic transducer in step 333, and recording it as... This time is the actual time it takes for the ultrasonic pulse to travel from the transducer's emission to its return after reflection or transmission through the fluid medium, reaching the maximum amplitude of the echo. Subsequently, a pre-calibrated reference propagation time in a pure medium is retrieved and denoted as... The reference propagation time is the time from the emission of an ultrasonic pulse of the same frequency and amplitude as in step 331 to the maximum amplitude of the received echo, obtained under normal operating conditions when the ultrasonic pulse is emitted into a pure rinsing fluid medium. This time has been pre-calibrated through multiple tests to ensure consistency with the actual measurement environment (temperature, pressure) and has been stored for future use. The propagation time difference is calculated by taking the echo propagation time corresponding to each ultrasonic transducer. Subtract the pre-calibrated reference propagation time The difference obtained is the propagation time difference corresponding to the ultrasonic transducer, denoted as . The calculation formula is as follows: = - In the formula, This is the propagation time difference, reflecting the deviation between the actual propagation time and the reference propagation time. When the value is positive, it indicates that the actual propagation time is longer than the reference time, and the ultrasonic pulse propagation speed is slower. When the value is negative, it indicates that the actual propagation time is shorter than the reference time, and the ultrasonic pulse propagation speed is faster; This is the echo propagation time corresponding to the ultrasonic transducer, i.e., the actual time extracted in step 333. The reference propagation time of an ultrasonic pulse in a clean medium is pre-calibrated, i.e., the standard time under normal operating conditions.

[0050] Convert to sound speed offset to determine the fixed distance the ultrasonic wave propagates. This distance is a fixed distance from the transmitting end of the ultrasonic transducer to the fluid interface receiving the reflected echo. It has been precisely measured and calibrated during the installation of the ultrasonic transducer, and the dimensions of the measuring components are fixed. The value is set as a fixed value and stored in advance for later use; subsequently, the propagation time difference calculated in step 1 is used as the basis. Combined with echo propagation time First calculate the current actual speed of sound. Then compare it with the reference sound velocity in a pre-calibrated pure medium. The change in sound velocity is calculated, and this change in sound velocity is the corresponding sound velocity offset of the ultrasonic transducer. The specific calculation formula is as follows: = / , = - In the formula, The current actual speed of sound reflects the actual propagation speed of the ultrasonic pulse in the current fluid medium, determined by the fixed distance the ultrasonic wave travels. Divide by the actual echo propagation time get; To ensure a fixed distance for ultrasonic wave propagation, a calibrated fixed value is measured in advance. The echo propagation time is the actual time extracted in step 333. This is the sound speed offset, reflecting the deviation between the current actual sound speed and the reference sound speed. When the value is positive, the actual speed of sound is faster than the reference speed of sound; When the value is negative, the actual speed of sound is slower than the reference speed of sound; The reference sound velocity in a pure medium is the standard sound velocity calibrated in a pure rinsing fluid medium beforehand, and the reference propagation time. Correspondingly, each ultrasonic transducer completes the above two calculations independently, ensuring that the units of all parameters are consistent during the calculation process to avoid calculation errors; after the calculation is completed, the sound velocity offset of each ultrasonic transducer is calculated. Each transducer's serial number, echo amplitude, echo propagation time, and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient are recorded to ensure the completeness and correlation of the parameters. The sound velocity offset reflects changes in the physical properties of the fluid medium (such as density and viscosity), and these changes are directly related to abnormal operating conditions such as ion exchange reactions within the column, eluent leakage, and blockage. Therefore, the sound velocity offset, in conjunction with the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, can comprehensively characterize the state of the fluid medium.

[0051] Step 336: Combine the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and the sound velocity offset to form a set of initial calibration parameters corresponding to each ultrasonic transducer, resulting in multiple sets of initial calibration parameters equal to the number of ultrasonic transducers. Specifically, this includes: determining the combination rules; each ultrasonic transducer corresponds to a set of initial calibration parameters; each set of initial calibration parameters contains only the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset of that transducer, excluding other irrelevant parameters; and ensuring that each set of parameters corresponds one-to-one with the corresponding transducer, without parameter overlap, confusion, or misalignment; for each ultrasonic transducer, retrieve its corresponding ultrasonic attenuation coefficient from the record in step 334, and its corresponding sound velocity offset from the record in step 335, and combine these two parameters. This process generates a set of initial verification parameters for the transducer. During the combination process, the transducer number, acquisition time, and time of occurrence of abnormal operating conditions corresponding to the set of parameters are simultaneously labeled to ensure the traceability of the parameters. Since step 331 triggers the synchronous operation of multiple ultrasonic transducers preset on the tube wall of the measurement component, each transducer corresponds to a set of initial verification parameters. The final number of initial verification parameter sets is exactly the same as the number of ultrasonic transducers. After the combination is completed, all initial verification parameters are uniformly organized and archived, arranged in the order of transducer numbers. At the same time, the completeness and accuracy of each set of parameters are verified again to ensure that each set of parameters includes the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset, and that the values ​​are normal and without missing values.

[0052] Step 337: Obtain the spatial position coordinates of multiple ultrasonic transducers preset on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement assembly, and determine the azimuth angle of each ultrasonic transducer on the circumference of the tube wall based on the spatial position coordinates, constructing an angle distribution sequence; specifically including: obtaining the spatial position coordinates of each ultrasonic transducer, which is established in a two-dimensional plane coordinate system with the center of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement assembly as the origin when the ultrasonic transducer is installed ( axis, (All axes are parallel to the cross-section of the measuring component), and the center of each ultrasonic transducer is measured and recorded one by one. Axis coordinates and The axis coordinates are measured with an accuracy of 0.1 mm to ensure the precision of the coordinate data. After the measurement is completed, the number of each transducer and its corresponding spatial position coordinates are recorded. , Each transducer is recorded in a one-to-one correspondence and stored in a dedicated data storage device for later use. Based on the spatial coordinates of each transducer, the azimuth angle of that transducer on the circumference of the measuring component tube wall is calculated. The azimuth angle is the angle between the line connecting the transducer center and the coordinate origin (the center of the measuring component) and the positive x-axis direction. The calculation uses the following formula, and the parameters in the formula are explained in detail below. =arctan2( - , - In the formula, The azimuth angle of the ultrasonic transducer reflects its spatial orientation on the circumference of the measuring component tube wall; , () represents the spatial coordinates of the ultrasonic transducer, i.e., the coordinates obtained from the above measurements. axis, Axis coordinates; , ) represents the coordinates of the center of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement assembly, i.e., the origin of the two-dimensional plane coordinate system, where =0 mm, =0 mm, ensuring a unified reference for coordinate calculation. During the calculation process, the azimuth angle of each transducer is calculated individually to ensure the accuracy of the calculation results. If the calculated azimuth angle is negative, it is converted to a positive value (adding 2π radians) to ensure that the azimuth angle of all transducers is within the range of 0-2π radians. After the calculation is completed, the azimuth angle of each transducer is recorded in correspondence with the transducer number and spatial position coordinates. An angle distribution sequence is constructed by arranging the azimuth angles of all ultrasonic transducers in the order of their distribution on the circumference of the measuring component tube wall (clockwise or counterclockwise, clockwise is used uniformly) to form an angle distribution sequence. During the arrangement, it is ensured that the transducer number, spatial position coordinates, and initial calibration parameters corresponding to each azimuth angle are associated one by one to avoid misalignment of azimuth angle with transducer and initial calibration parameters. The angle distribution sequence can clearly reflect the spatial distribution pattern of multiple ultrasonic transducers.

[0053] Step 338: Based on the angle distribution sequence, calculate the angle difference between adjacent ultrasonic transducers. Use the angle difference as the angle interval between adjacent ultrasonic transducers. Combined with the real-time flow velocity or rotation characteristics of the fluid medium during the radioactive column separation process, estimate the real-time angular velocity of the fluid medium's circular motion. Specifically, this includes: calculating the angle interval between adjacent ultrasonic transducers. The processing object is the angle distribution sequence constructed in step 337. The calculation method is as follows: according to the arrangement order of the angle distribution sequence (clockwise direction), select two adjacent ultrasonic transducers one by one. Subtract the azimuth angle of the previous transducer from the azimuth angle of the latter transducer, and take the absolute value of the calculation result. The obtained value is the angle interval between these two adjacent ultrasonic transducers. If the calculated angle interval is greater than π radians, convert it to 2π minus the difference of the angle interval to ensure that the angle interval is within the range of 0-π radians, which conforms to the spatial distribution logic of adjacent transducers. After the angle interval of all adjacent transducers is calculated one by one, record the corresponding number and angle interval of each group of adjacent transducers to ensure the correlation between the angle interval and the spatial position of the transducers.

[0054] The real-time angular velocity of the fluid medium is estimated by considering the calculated angular intervals and the real-time flow velocity (or rotational characteristics) of the fluid medium during the radioactive column separation process. The real-time flow velocity of the fluid medium is acquired in real time by a flow velocity sensor pre-installed in the flow path. The acquisition frequency is consistent with the conductivity signal acquisition frequency to ensure that the real-time flow state of the fluid medium at the moment of abnormal operation occurs. If the fluid medium has rotational characteristics, it is determined according to the flow path design and rinsing process. For example, in some radioactive column separation processes, the rinsing liquid may exhibit slight rotational flow. In this case, the estimation results are fine-tuned based on the direction of rotation.

[0055] The real-time angular velocity of circular motion is estimated using the following formula, with detailed explanations of each parameter in the formula below. = / In the formula, It represents the real-time angular velocity of the fluid medium's circular motion, reflecting how fast the fluid medium rotates around the center within the measuring component; The real-time flow rate of the fluid medium is the flow rate of the eluent obtained in real time. The inner radius of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component has been precisely measured and calibrated during the installation of the measurement component, and is a fixed value stored in advance for future use. During the estimation process, the real-time flow rate is ensured. and measuring component inner radius To ensure consistent units and avoid calculation errors, if the fluid medium exhibits rotational characteristics and the rotation direction is clockwise, the estimated values ​​should be consistent. Multiply the value by 1.1 for fine-tuning; if the rotation direction is opposite to clockwise, the estimated value will be adjusted. The value is multiplied by 0.9 for fine-tuning to ensure the accuracy of the angular velocity estimation and to closely reflect the actual flow state of the fluid medium. After the estimation is completed, the real-time angular velocity of the circular motion is recorded. The value is associated with information such as the time of occurrence of abnormal operating conditions and the real-time flow rate of the fluid.

[0056] Step 339: Based on the spatial coordinates, multiple sets of initial verification parameters are mapped to the corresponding spatial nodes. Based on the straight-line distance and angular interval between adjacent spatial nodes, combined with the real-time circular motion angular velocity, the linear gradient rate of change and angular gradient rate of change of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset between adjacent spatial nodes are calculated to obtain gradient change data. Specifically, this includes: spatial mapping of initial verification parameters. For each ultrasonic transducer's spatial coordinates obtained in step 337 (i.e., each spatial node), the multiple sets of initial verification parameters obtained in step 336 are mapped one by one to the corresponding spatial node. Each spatial node corresponds to one ultrasonic transducer, and each spatial node corresponds to a set of initial verification parameters, including the transducer's ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset. During the mapping process, it is ensured that each set of initial verification parameters corresponds one-to-one with the corresponding spatial node and the corresponding transducer, without any parameter mapping misalignment or confusion, so that the initial verification parameters possess spatial attributes and can reflect the fluid medium state at different spatial locations.

[0057] To calculate the straight-line distance between adjacent spatial nodes, the processing object is the spatial position coordinates of two adjacent spatial nodes (corresponding to two adjacent ultrasonic transducers). The following formula is used to calculate the straight-line distance between two adjacent spatial nodes. The parameters in the formula are explained in detail below. = In the formula, The straight-line distance between adjacent spatial nodes reflects the actual spatial distance between two adjacent transducers; , The coordinates of the previous spatial node (the previous transducer) need to be converted to meters for calculation; , The coordinates of the next spatial node (the next transducer) are converted to meters for calculation. After the straight-line distance between each group of adjacent spatial nodes is calculated one by one, the distance values ​​are recorded and correspond one-to-one with the adjacent transducer numbers and angular intervals.

[0058] The calculation of the linear gradient rate of change involves processing the initial verification parameters (ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, sound velocity offset) corresponding to two adjacent spatial nodes, as well as the straight-line distance between the adjacent spatial nodes calculated above. The linear gradient rate of change reflects how quickly the initial calibration parameters change along a straight line in space. The specific calculation method is as follows: the linear gradient rate of change of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is calculated by dividing the difference in ultrasonic attenuation coefficients between two adjacent spatial nodes by the straight-line distance between the adjacent spatial nodes. The resulting value is the linear gradient rate of change of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient; the linear gradient rate of change of the sound velocity offset is calculated by dividing the difference in sound velocity offsets between two adjacent spatial nodes by the straight-line distance between the adjacent spatial nodes. The obtained value is the linear gradient rate of change of the sound velocity offset. The angular gradient rate of change is calculated by processing the initial verification parameters (ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, sound velocity offset) corresponding to two adjacent spatial nodes, and the angular interval between adjacent transducers calculated in step 338. The angular gradient rate of change reflects the rate of change of the initial verification parameters in the circumferential angular direction. The specific calculation method is as follows: the angular gradient rate of change of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is obtained by dividing the difference in the ultrasonic attenuation coefficients corresponding to two adjacent spatial nodes by the angular interval between the two adjacent transducers; the sound velocity... The angular gradient rate of change of the offset is obtained by dividing the difference in the sound velocity offset corresponding to two adjacent spatial nodes by the angular interval between the two adjacent transducers. After calculating the linear gradient rate of change and the angular gradient rate of change of all adjacent spatial nodes one by one, all gradient change data (including the linear and angular gradient rates of change of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and the linear and angular gradient rates of change of the sound velocity offset) are integrated and arranged in the order of adjacent spatial nodes. At the same time, the corresponding spatial position coordinates, initial calibration parameters, angular intervals, straight-line distances and other information are associated to form complete gradient change data.

[0059] Step 340 involves weighted fusion of the initial verification parameters, gradient change data, and real-time circular motion angular velocity of each spatial node to obtain comprehensive verification parameters. Specifically, this includes: determining the core logic of the weighted fusion; the initial verification parameters, being core data directly reflecting the fluid medium state, have the highest weight; gradient change data reflects the spatial distribution characteristics of the initial verification parameters and has the next highest weight; and real-time circular motion angular velocity reflects the flow state of the fluid medium and has an auxiliary influence on the verification parameters, having the lowest weight. The weighting coefficients are pre-calibrated based on the actual working conditions of the radioactive column separation through multiple experiments to ensure that the fusion results closely match the actual working conditions. The weighted fusion process uses the following formula, with detailed explanations of each parameter below. Furthermore, the initial verification parameters and gradient change data are fused separately to ensure the accuracy of the fusion for each type of parameter. = × + × + × In the formula, The comprehensive verification parameters for a certain spatial node include the comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and the comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the sound velocity offset, which are calculated separately. Let these be the initial verification parameters for this spatial node. If we calculate the comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, then... Let be the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of this node; if we calculate the comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the sound velocity offset, then... This represents the sound speed offset at that node; Given the gradient change data corresponding to this spatial node, if we calculate the comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, then... This represents the average of the linear and angular gradient change rates of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient corresponding to that node; if calculating the comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the sound velocity offset, then... This is the average of the linear and angular gradient rates of change of the sound velocity offset corresponding to this node; The real-time angular velocity of the fluid medium in circular motion is a fixed value estimated in step 338. , , These are weighting coefficients, and + + =1, where The value range is 0.6-0.7 (0.65 is preferred) because the initial verification parameter is core data; The value range is 0.2-0.3 (preferably 0.25), because gradient change data reflects spatial distribution characteristics; The value range is 0.1 (fixed value) because the real-time circular motion angular velocity is only an auxiliary parameter.

[0060] The weighting coefficients were calibrated through multiple experiments under normal and various abnormal conditions during radioactive column separation. , , The values ​​of the values ​​are selected to ensure that the integrated verification parameters obtained by fusion can most accurately reflect the true state of the fluid medium, reducing the verification error caused by the deviation of a single parameter. After calibration, the weighting coefficients remain fixed and are applicable to verification under all abnormal working conditions. Subsequently, each spatial node is calculated separately using the above weighted fusion calculation. First, the integrated verification parameter corresponding to the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of the node is calculated, and then the integrated verification parameter corresponding to the sound velocity offset of the node is calculated. The two integrated verification parameters together constitute the complete integrated verification parameters of the spatial node. During the calculation process, the units of all parameters are kept consistent to avoid calculation errors. At the same time, the integrated verification parameters of each spatial node are recorded, corresponding one-to-one with the spatial position coordinates, initial verification parameters, and gradient change data of the node. After the integrated verification parameters of all spatial nodes are calculated, they are integrated to form a complete set of integrated verification parameters, arranged according to the distribution order of the spatial nodes. At the same time, the accuracy of each integrated verification parameter is verified again. If a parameter exceeds the normal calibration range, the fusion calculation is re-performed in combination with the initial verification parameters and gradient change data of the node to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the integrated verification parameter set.

[0061] Step 341: Based on the comprehensive verification parameters, correct the sensitive components and instantaneous energy sequences in the characteristic modal signal set to obtain the ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time-series signal. Specifically, this includes: determining the correction logic; combining the comprehensive verification parameters with the actual state of the fluid medium, judging whether the anomaly in the instantaneous energy sequence of the sensitive components in the characteristic modal signal set is a genuine operational anomaly or a false interference signal (such as residual microbubbles or slight electromagnetic interference); and making targeted corrections to ensure the corrected signal accurately reflects the operational conditions of the radioactive column separation; processing each sensitive component and its corresponding instantaneous energy sequence one by one; retrieving each sensitive component in the characteristic modal signal set from step 223, and the corresponding instantaneous energy sequence; and simultaneously retrieving the comprehensive verification parameters at the spatial location corresponding to the sensitive component (from the comprehensive verification parameter set obtained in step 340, and...). The comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the spatial location of the sensitive component are compared and analyzed one by one. The specific correction method is as follows: correction of false abnormal interference. If the comprehensive verification parameters (the comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and the sound velocity offset) are all within the calibration range under normal working conditions, it indicates that there is no abnormality in the current fluid medium state. It is determined that the instantaneous energy sequence of the sensitive component is abnormal and is a false interference signal (such as the instantaneous fluctuation caused by residual micro bubbles after preprocessing or slight electromagnetic interference). At this time, the instantaneous amplitude of the sensitive component is corrected to reduce the fluctuation amplitude of its instantaneous energy sequence. Specifically, the instantaneous amplitude of the sensitive component at each time node is multiplied by the correction coefficient (the correction coefficient is 0.8-0.9, adjusted according to the degree of interference) to restore the fluctuation amplitude of the instantaneous energy sequence to the normal range, restore the normal signal trend of the sensitive component, and eliminate false abnormal interference.

[0062] Correction of true anomaly characteristics: If the comprehensive verification parameters (the comprehensive verification parameters corresponding to the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and the sound velocity offset) exceed the calibration range under normal operating conditions, it indicates that there is indeed an anomaly in the current fluid medium state. The anomaly of the instantaneous energy sequence of the sensitive component is determined to be a true operating condition anomaly. At this time, the anomaly characteristics of the instantaneous energy sequence of the sensitive component are retained. At the same time, the abnormal amplitude of the instantaneous energy sequence is corrected according to the value of the comprehensive verification parameters. Specifically, the proportion of the comprehensive verification parameters exceeding the normal range is calculated, and the instantaneous energy value of the sensitive component at each time node is multiplied by the proportion coefficient. This makes the abnormal amplitude of the instantaneous energy sequence more consistent with the actual degree of operating condition anomaly, avoiding subsequent false alarms due to signal distortion.

[0063] Signal continuity restoration: After all sensitive components and their corresponding instantaneous energy sequences are corrected, a full-domain temporal continuity check is performed on the corrected signal. If a signal gap or abrupt change occurs at a certain time point due to the correction, the signal values ​​of two adjacent valid time points are used for linear interpolation to supplement the signal, ensuring that the corrected signal is temporally continuous and distortion-free, conforming to the dynamic change law of conductivity during the radioactive column separation process. All corrected sensitive components and the corrected instantaneous energy sequences corresponding to each sensitive component are re-integrated according to the integration method of the characteristic mode signal set in step 223, restoring the ultrasonically verified corrected conductivity temporal signal. This signal has completely eliminated false abnormal interference, retained the true abnormal characteristics of the working conditions, and can truly, clearly, and continuously reflect the dynamic law of the eluent conductivity during the radioactive column separation process as the column ion exchange reaction and working conditions change, without any invalid interference, signal distortion, or temporal disorder.

[0064] By capturing abnormal moments through real-time monitoring of the characteristic modal signal set, multiple ultrasonic transducers are simultaneously triggered to collect echo signals, and dual-dimensional initial verification parameters are extracted. These parameters are then weighted and fused with the spatial distribution characteristics of the transducers. The resulting comprehensive verification parameters can fully characterize the true state of the fluid medium. The characteristic modal signal set is then specifically corrected using the comprehensive verification parameters to eliminate false abnormal interference, restore the true operating condition characteristics, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the conductivity signal.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 4 above, which involves performing differential calculation and polynomial fitting on the ultrasonically verified and corrected conductivity time-series signal to obtain the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, and predicting the conductivity value within a preset time window based on the short-term evolution trend, and obtaining an early fault warning instruction when the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit, may include:

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, step 440 involves calculating the difference between adjacent time points in the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time-series signal to obtain a conductivity difference sequence. Specifically, this includes: determining the composition of the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time-series signal, which contains multiple consecutive time nodes, each corresponding to a conductivity value. The time interval between all time nodes is consistent with the time interval of the original conductivity signal acquisition, preprocessing, and verification / correction (i.e., 0.5-1 seconds / node, synchronized with the time interval of instantaneous feature extraction in step 221), ensuring a unified time reference. The difference between adjacent time points is then calculated. Specifically, in chronological order, adjacent time nodes in the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time-series signal are processed one by one. The conductivity value corresponding to the next time node is selected, and the conductivity value corresponding to the previous time node is subtracted. The resulting difference is the change in conductivity between these two adjacent time points. For example, if the first... The conductivity values ​​at each time point are , No. The conductivity values ​​at each time point are Then the change in conductivity at these two adjacent moments is minus The result obtained is the difference value between adjacent time points. Following the above calculation method, the difference is calculated for each adjacent time point in the ultrasonic calibration and correction conductivity time-series signal, without omitting any group of adjacent points. All calculated difference values ​​are then organized and recorded in chronological order to form a complete conductivity difference sequence. Each value in this sequence corresponds to the change in conductivity between two adjacent time points. A positive value indicates an increasing conductivity trend; a negative value indicates a decreasing conductivity trend; and the closer the value is to zero, the smoother the conductivity change. This sequence can intuitively and quantitatively reflect the instantaneous rate of change of the conductivity signal. After the calculation is completed, the conductivity difference sequence is initially verified to eliminate extreme abnormal difference values ​​caused by calculation errors. If the difference exceeds three times the conductivity change under normal operating conditions, and an abnormal difference value is found, the conductivity values ​​of the corresponding adjacent time points are rechecked and recalculated.

[0067] Step 441 involves polynomial curve fitting of the conductivity difference sequence. The polynomial fitting curve is determined by solving for the coefficients of each term in the polynomial that minimizes the sum of squared fitting errors. This polynomial fitting curve serves as the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal. Specifically, this includes determining the degree of the polynomial fitting. Considering the actual working conditions of radioactive column separation, a polynomial degree of 3-5 is selected, with a preference for a 4th-degree polynomial. This degree can both fit the changing trend of the conductivity difference sequence and avoid overfitting caused by an excessively high fitting degree, i.e., over-fitting the small fluctuations in the difference sequence and failing to reflect the true conductivity. The short-term variation pattern, or underfitting due to an excessively low fitting order, means that the variation trend of the difference sequence cannot be fully captured, and the fitting deviation is too large. The fitting order is calibrated through multiple experiments in advance to ensure that it is adapted to the variation characteristics of the conductivity difference sequence under different abnormal operating conditions. The core logic of polynomial fitting is determined by solving a set of polynomial coefficients to minimize the sum of squared fitting errors between the polynomial fitting curve and the actual data points of the conductivity difference sequence. At this time, the polynomial fitting curve can reflect the short-term variation pattern of the conductivity difference sequence, and thus characterize the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal.

[0068] The specific formula and parameter explanation for polynomial fitting are as follows. Let the actual data points of the conductivity difference sequence be ( , ),in =1, 2, ..., m (m is the number of data points in the conductivity difference sequence). For the first The time points corresponding to each difference value For the first The difference values ​​are calculated; a fourth-order polynomial is selected as the fitted curve, and its expression is: In the formula, The obtained conductivity difference prediction value is obtained through fitting. For time variables, , , , , Let be the coefficients of each term in the polynomial (the unknown parameters to be solved), where For constant terms, The coefficient of the linear term, The coefficient of the quadratic term, The coefficient of the cubic term, The coefficient of the fourth term.

[0069] The formula for calculating the sum of squared fitting errors is: In the formula, The sum of squared fitting errors reflects the degree of deviation between the fitted curve and the actual difference data points. The smaller the value, the higher the fitting accuracy; This is the actual value of the conductivity difference sequence (obtained in step 440). To set time nodes After substituting the polynomial fitting curve, the difference prediction value is obtained.

[0070] The process of solving for the coefficients of the polynomial is as follows: using the least squares method, the sum of squared fitting errors is calculated. By taking the derivatives and setting each derivative to zero, we obtain a set of derivatives related to the coefficients. , , , , Solve the system of linear equations to obtain the sum of squared fitting errors. To achieve the minimum values ​​of each coefficient, the deviation between the fitted curve and the actual data points of the conductivity difference sequence is minimized.

[0071] After the coefficients are solved, each coefficient is substituted into the fourth-degree polynomial expression to determine the final polynomial fitting curve. This fitting curve can smoothly reflect the short-term trend of the conductivity difference sequence, eliminating small random fluctuations in the difference sequence while retaining the core law of conductivity change. Since the conductivity difference sequence reflects the instantaneous rate of change of conductivity, this polynomial fitting curve is the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, which can characterize the direction and rate of change of conductivity in the future. After fitting, the fitting accuracy is checked. If the sum of squared fitting errors is... If the result exceeds the pre-defined allowable range, it indicates that the fitting effect is poor. The degree of polynomial fitting should be readjusted, such as to the third or fifth degree. The coefficients should be solved again and the fitting should be repeated until the fitting accuracy meets the requirements to ensure the accuracy of the short-term evolution trend.

[0072] Step 442: Based on the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, the time variables corresponding to each predicted moment within the future preset time window are sequentially substituted into the polynomial fitting curve to calculate the predicted difference value corresponding to each moment. Then, combined with the conductivity value at the current moment, the predicted conductivity values ​​for each predicted moment in the future are obtained through cumulative recursion, forming a conductivity predicted value sequence. This includes fitting a polynomial fitting curve representing the change law of conductivity difference value with time based on the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal; substituting each predicted moment within the future preset time window as a time variable into the polynomial fitting curve to calculate the predicted difference value corresponding to each predicted moment; based on the predicted difference value, using the conductivity value at the current moment as the initial reference value for cumulative recursion, and sequentially accumulating the predicted difference values ​​corresponding to each predicted moment to the conductivity value at the previous moment in chronological order, and recursively recursively calculating the predicted difference value. The process involves obtaining the predicted conductivity values ​​for each time point to be predicted; arranging these values ​​chronologically to form a sequence reflecting the future conductivity trend; specifically, determining the parameters of a preset time window. This time window is determined in conjunction with the process requirements of radioactive column separation and the time requirements for early warning, and is typically set to 10-30 seconds in the future. The time interval between the predicted times within this window is consistent with the time interval of the ultrasonic calibration and correction conductivity timing signal (i.e., 0.5-1 seconds / time interval) to ensure the temporal continuity of the predicted values. For example, if the time interval is 1 second and the preset time window is 20 seconds, then the predicted times are 1 second later, 2 seconds later, ..., 20 seconds later, for a total of 20 predicted times, each corresponding to a time variable. (Time difference relative to the current moment).

[0073] Calculate the prediction difference for each future time point to be predicted, and assign the time variable corresponding to each future time point to be predicted within the preset future time window. Substitute the polynomial fitting curves determined in step 441 one by one. In this process, the prediction difference value corresponding to each time point to be predicted is calculated. The predicted difference value is the change in conductivity at the corresponding time point relative to the previous time point. This has the same meaning as the difference value obtained in step 440: a positive value indicates an increase in conductivity, and a negative value indicates a decrease in conductivity. After calculation, the conductivity value at the current time point is obtained. This value is the conductivity value corresponding to the latest time node in the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time-series signal obtained in step 341, denoted as... This value serves as a benchmark for predicting future conductivity values, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the predictions.

[0074] Next, the predicted conductivity values ​​for each future time point are obtained through a cumulative recursive approach. The specific recursive process is as follows (taking a time interval of 1 second and a preset time window of 20 seconds as an example): The predicted conductivity value for the first time point to be predicted (1 second after the current time). = + ,in for The predicted difference value at 1 second; the predicted conductivity value at the second time to be predicted (2 seconds after the current time). = + ,in for =Prediction difference value at 2 seconds; and so on, the first... One time point to be predicted (current time) Predicted conductivity values ​​(seconds later) = -1+ ,in for = The prediction difference value per second, The value range is 1 to 20 (corresponding to a preset time window of 20 seconds). Following the above cumulative recursive method, the predicted conductivity values ​​for all predicted times within the future preset time window are calculated one by one, ensuring that each predicted value is calculated based on the previous predicted value and the prediction difference value for the corresponding time, without any recursive errors. After calculation, the predicted conductivity values ​​for all predicted times are organized and recorded sequentially according to time, forming a complete conductivity prediction value sequence. This sequence clearly reflects the trend of conductivity changes and specific predicted values ​​within the future preset time window. After recursion, the conductivity prediction value sequence is initially verified. If a predicted value exceeds the reasonable range of conductivity under normal operating conditions, such as being much higher or lower than the normal range, the prediction difference value and recursive process for that time are rechecked. If calculation errors are found, they are corrected promptly to ensure the accuracy and rationality of the predicted value sequence.

[0075] Step 443: Each predicted conductivity value in the conductivity prediction sequence is compared with a preset safety alarm limit. When any predicted conductivity value exceeds the safety alarm limit's safe range, an early fault warning command is issued. Specifically, this includes: determining the preset safety alarm limit, which is calibrated in advance through multiple tests based on the normal operating conditions of radioactive column separation. It is divided into a safety alarm upper limit and a safety alarm lower limit, which together constitute the safety alarm range. Under normal operating conditions, the conductivity value of the eluent should always be between the safety alarm lower limit and the safety alarm upper limit. Exceeding this range indicates an abnormal fault in the column separation process. The calibration basis for the safety alarm limit is: under normal operating conditions, the fluctuation range of the conductivity timing signal is corrected by ultrasonic verification. The upper limit is set to 1.2 times the maximum normal fluctuation value, and the lower limit is set to 0.8 times the minimum normal fluctuation value. This ensures that the limit can capture anomalies in a timely manner while avoiding false alarms caused by normal fluctuations. The limit has been stored in advance in a dedicated data storage device and can be retrieved at any time.

[0076] A step-by-step comparison is conducted between the predicted values ​​and the safety alarm limits. Each predicted conductivity value in the conductivity prediction value sequence is recorded sequentially according to time. Each value is then compared with the preset upper and lower safety alarm limits to determine whether the predicted value is within the safety alarm range. Specifically, if a predicted conductivity value is greater than the upper safety alarm limit or less than the lower safety alarm limit, it is determined that the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit range; if the predicted value is between the lower and upper safety alarm limits, it is determined that the predicted value is normal.

[0077] During the comparison process, the comparison results of each predicted value are recorded in real time, marking predicted values ​​that exceed the safety alarm range, as well as the corresponding time to be predicted and the extent of the exceedance (the specific value exceeding the upper or lower limit), ensuring the traceability of the comparison results. Simultaneously, the comparison process is carried out concurrently with the radioactive column separation operation to ensure timely detection of anomalies and provide sufficient time for early warning. When it is determined that any conductivity predicted value in the conductivity prediction value sequence exceeds the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning command is automatically generated immediately. This command requires no manual intervention. After generation, the warning time, the predicted value exceeding the safety limit, the extent of the exceedance, the corresponding time to be predicted, and the time to be predicted are recorded simultaneously. The system collects current operating information, such as the type of abnormality in sensitive components and the values ​​of comprehensive verification parameters. Simultaneously, it sends warning commands to the control terminal of the radioactive column separation operation, reminding operators to promptly investigate abnormal conditions, such as whether the flow path is blocked, whether the eluent is leaking, and whether the ion exchange column is functioning normally. Appropriate measures are then taken to prevent the fault from escalating and to ensure the safe and stable operation of the radioactive column separation operation. If all predicted values ​​in the conductivity prediction sequence are within the safe range of the safety alarm limit, the current radioactive column separation process is deemed normal, no warning command is generated, and the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time-series signal continues to be monitored, differentially calculated, fitted, predicted, and compared to ensure real-time warning throughout the process.

[0078] The instantaneous rate of change of conductivity is quantified by differential calculation, and small fluctuations are eliminated by polynomial fitting. The resulting short-term evolution trend is reliable. The prediction method based on cumulative recursion ensures the accuracy of future conductivity value prediction. By comparing it with the preset safety alarm limit one by one, the predicted value that exceeds the safety range can be captured in time, and early fault warning instructions can be generated quickly, improving the timeliness, accuracy and reliability of abnormal warning.

[0079] like Figure 2 As shown, embodiments of the present invention also provide an early warning system for abnormal conductivity in radioactive column separation, comprising:

[0080] The acquisition module is used to acquire the raw conductivity time-series signal of the eluent during the separation of radioactive columns, and to preprocess the raw conductivity time-series signal to obtain the noise-reconstructed conductivity signal;

[0081] The module is used to decompose the denoised reconstructed conductivity signal into intrinsic mode components, and calculate the instantaneous energy and sensitive components of the intrinsic mode components to obtain the characteristic mode signal set;

[0082] The correction module is used to trigger multiple ultrasonic transducers pre-installed on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component to work synchronously according to the abnormal operating conditions indicated by the characteristic mode signal set. These transducers emit ultrasonic pulses into the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component and receive echo signals. The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset are extracted from the echo signals of each ultrasonic transducer as initial verification parameters. Based on the spatial distribution relationship of the multiple ultrasonic transducers, the initial verification parameters are spatially correlated and fused to obtain comprehensive verification parameters. These comprehensive verification parameters are then used to correct the time-series data corresponding to the characteristic mode signal set, resulting in an ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time-series signal.

[0083] The early warning module is used to perform differential calculation and polynomial fitting processing on the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time series signal to obtain the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, and predict the conductivity value within a preset time window based on the short-term evolution trend. When it is determined that the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning command is issued.

[0084] It should be noted that this system is a system corresponding to the above method. All implementation methods in the above method embodiments are applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0085] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computing device, including: a processor and a memory storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, performs the method described above. All implementations in the above method embodiments are applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0086] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described above. All implementations in the above method embodiments are applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0087] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of abnormal conductivity in radioactive column separation, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Collect the raw conductivity time-series signal of the eluent during the radioactive column separation process, and preprocess the raw conductivity time-series signal to obtain the noise-reconstructed conductivity signal; Step 2 involves decomposing the denoised and reconstructed conductivity signal into intrinsic mode components (IMCs), and calculating the instantaneous energy and sensitive components of each IMC to obtain a set of characteristic mode signals. Specifically, this includes: decomposing the denoised and reconstructed conductivity signal into a series of IMCs arranged from high to low frequency components using empirical mode decomposition; performing instantaneous feature extraction on each IMC to obtain the change in instantaneous amplitude over time, and using the square of the instantaneous amplitude of each IMC as its instantaneous energy, thus obtaining the instantaneous energy sequence corresponding to each IMC; based on the change in the instantaneous energy sequence of each IMC over time, selecting IMCs whose instantaneous energy sequences show sudden increases, decreases, or abnormal fluctuations, and using these selected IMCs as sensitive components; combining all sensitive components and integrating the instantaneous energy sequences corresponding to each sensitive component as feature information to obtain the set of characteristic mode signals. Step 3: Based on the abnormal operating conditions indicated by the characteristic mode signal set, trigger multiple ultrasonic transducers preset on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component to work synchronously, emit ultrasonic pulses to the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component and receive echo signals. Extract the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset as initial verification parameters based on the echo signals of each ultrasonic transducer. Based on the spatial distribution relationship of multiple ultrasonic transducers, perform spatial correlation fusion on the initial verification parameters to obtain comprehensive verification parameters. Use the comprehensive verification parameters to correct the time series data corresponding to the characteristic mode signal set to obtain the ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time series signal. Step 4: Perform differential calculation and polynomial fitting on the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time series signal to obtain the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, and predict the conductivity value within the preset time window based on the short-term evolution trend. When the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning command is obtained.

2. The conductivity anomaly early warning method for radioactive column separation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial verification parameters include: Real-time monitoring of each sensitive component in the characteristic modal signal set and the instantaneous energy sequence corresponding to each sensitive component. When the instantaneous energy sequence of any sensitive component shows a sudden increase in amplitude, rapid decay or periodic abnormal fluctuation, the current moment is determined to be the moment when the abnormal working condition occurs. At the same time as the abnormal working condition is determined, a synchronous trigger command is generated and sent to multiple ultrasonic transducers preset on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component. The synchronous trigger command causes all ultrasonic transducers to emit ultrasonic pulses of the same frequency and amplitude to the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component at the same time. Each ultrasonic transducer is controlled to switch to receiving mode immediately after transmitting an ultrasonic pulse, and the echo signal received by each ultrasonic transducer after being reflected or transmitted by the fluid medium is continuously collected to obtain the echo signal corresponding to each ultrasonic transducer. For each ultrasonic transducer, the maximum amplitude of the echo signal is extracted from the corresponding echo signal as the echo amplitude, and the time taken from the time of transmission to the time of receiving the maximum amplitude of the echo is extracted as the echo propagation time. For each ultrasonic transducer, the echo amplitude is calculated with the pre-calibrated transmitted pulse amplitude to obtain the amplitude attenuation ratio, and the amplitude attenuation ratio is used as the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient corresponding to that ultrasonic transducer. For each ultrasonic transducer, the echo propagation time is calculated with the pre-calibrated reference propagation time in a pure medium to obtain the propagation time difference, and the propagation time difference is converted into the change in sound velocity as the sound velocity offset corresponding to the ultrasonic transducer. The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset are combined to form a set of initial calibration parameters for each ultrasonic transducer, resulting in multiple sets of initial calibration parameters equal to the number of ultrasonic transducers.

3. The method for early warning of abnormal conductivity in radioactive column separation according to claim 2, characterized in that, For each ultrasonic transducer, the echo propagation time is calculated by comparing it with a pre-calibrated reference propagation time in a clean medium to obtain the propagation time difference. This propagation time difference is then converted into a change in sound velocity, which serves as the sound velocity offset corresponding to that ultrasonic transducer, including: Based on the echo propagation time measured by each ultrasonic transducer, the current actual propagation time corresponding to each ultrasonic transducer is obtained. The current actual propagation time is compared with the pre-stored reference propagation time of the ultrasonic transducer calibrated in a pure medium. By calculating the deviation of the current actual propagation time from the reference propagation time, the propagation time difference of each ultrasonic transducer is obtained. Based on the propagation time difference and the preset fixed ultrasonic propagation distance in the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component, the current actual sound velocity value corresponding to each ultrasonic transducer is calculated. The current actual sound velocity value is compared with the reference sound velocity value in the pre-calibrated pure medium. By calculating the degree of change of the current actual sound velocity value relative to the reference sound velocity value, the sound velocity change of each ultrasonic transducer is obtained. The changes in sound velocity of each ultrasonic transducer are integrated and used as the sound velocity offset for each ultrasonic transducer.

4. The conductivity anomaly early warning method for radioactive column separation according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the spatial distribution relationship of multiple ultrasonic transducers, the initial verification parameters are spatially correlated and fused to obtain comprehensive verification parameters; By using comprehensive verification parameters to correct the time-series data corresponding to the characteristic mode signal set, an ultrasonically verified corrected conductivity time-series signal is obtained, including: The spatial coordinates of multiple ultrasonic transducers preset on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component are obtained, and the azimuth angle of each ultrasonic transducer on the circumference of the tube wall is determined according to the spatial coordinates to construct an angle distribution sequence. Based on the angle distribution sequence, the angle difference between adjacent ultrasonic transducers is calculated, and the angle difference is used as the angle interval between adjacent ultrasonic transducers. Combined with the real-time flow velocity or rotation characteristics of the fluid medium during the radioactive column separation process, the real-time angular velocity of the fluid medium is estimated. Based on the spatial coordinates, multiple sets of initial verification parameters are mapped to the corresponding spatial nodes. Based on the straight-line distance and angular interval between adjacent spatial nodes, combined with the real-time circular motion angular velocity, the linear gradient change rate and angular gradient change rate of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset between adjacent spatial nodes are calculated to obtain gradient change data. The initial verification parameters, gradient change data, and real-time circular motion angular velocity of each spatial node are weighted and fused to obtain comprehensive verification parameters. Based on the comprehensive verification parameters, the sensitive components and instantaneous energy sequences in the characteristic mode signal set are corrected to obtain the ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time series signal.

5. The method for early warning of abnormal conductivity in radioactive column separation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ultrasonically verified and corrected conductivity time-series signal is processed by differential calculation and polynomial fitting to obtain the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal. Based on the short-term evolution trend, the conductivity value within a preset time window is predicted. When the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning instruction is issued, including: The difference between adjacent time steps of the ultrasonic calibration and correction conductivity time series signal is calculated to obtain the conductivity difference sequence; Polynomial curve fitting is performed on the conductivity difference sequence. By solving the coefficients of each polynomial that minimizes the sum of squared fitting errors, the polynomial fitting curve is determined and used as the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal. Based on the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, the time variables corresponding to each time to be predicted within the preset time window are successively substituted into the polynomial fitting curve to calculate the prediction difference value corresponding to each time. Then, combined with the conductivity value at the current time, the conductivity prediction value for each time to be predicted in the future is obtained by accumulating and recursively, thus forming a conductivity prediction value sequence. Each predicted conductivity value in the conductivity prediction value sequence is compared with the preset safety alarm limit one by one. When it is determined that any predicted conductivity value exceeds the safe range of the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning instruction is obtained.

6. The method for early warning of abnormal conductivity in radioactive column separation according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, the time variables corresponding to each predicted moment within the preset future time window are sequentially substituted into the polynomial fitting curve to calculate the prediction difference value corresponding to each moment. Then, combined with the conductivity value at the current moment, the predicted conductivity values ​​for each predicted moment in the future are obtained through an accumulative recursive method, forming a conductivity prediction value sequence, including: Based on the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, a polynomial fitting curve characterizing the change law of conductivity difference value with time is obtained. Substitute each predicted time within the future preset time window into the polynomial fitting curve as a time variable, and calculate the prediction difference value corresponding to each predicted time. Based on the predicted difference value, the conductivity value at the current moment is used as the initial reference value for cumulative recursion. The predicted difference value corresponding to each moment to be predicted is sequentially added to the conductivity value of the previous moment in chronological order, and the predicted conductivity value corresponding to each moment to be predicted is obtained by recursion. Based on the predicted conductivity values, the predicted conductivity values ​​for all the time intervals to be predicted are arranged in chronological order to form a sequence of predicted conductivity values ​​that reflects the trend of conductivity changes over a future period.

7. An early warning system for abnormal conductivity in radioactive column separation, the system implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the raw conductivity time-series signal of the eluent during the separation of radioactive columns, and to preprocess the raw conductivity time-series signal to obtain the noise-reconstructed conductivity signal. The module is used to decompose the denoised reconstructed conductivity signal into intrinsic mode components, and calculate the instantaneous energy and sensitive components of the intrinsic mode components to obtain the characteristic mode signal set; The correction module is used to trigger multiple ultrasonic transducers pre-installed on the tube wall of the radioactive column separation flow path measurement component to work synchronously according to the abnormal operating conditions indicated by the characteristic mode signal set. These transducers emit ultrasonic pulses into the fluid medium flowing through the measurement component and receive echo signals. The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity offset are extracted from the echo signals of each ultrasonic transducer as initial verification parameters. Based on the spatial distribution relationship of the multiple ultrasonic transducers, the initial verification parameters are spatially correlated and fused to obtain comprehensive verification parameters. These comprehensive verification parameters are then used to correct the time-series data corresponding to the characteristic mode signal set, resulting in an ultrasonic verification corrected conductivity time-series signal. The early warning module is used to perform differential calculation and polynomial fitting processing on the ultrasonic verification and correction conductivity time series signal to obtain the short-term evolution trend of the conductivity signal, and predict the conductivity value within a preset time window based on the short-term evolution trend. When it is determined that the predicted value exceeds the safety alarm limit, an early fault warning command is issued.

8. A computing device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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