Automatic reducing vacuum differential component based on iris diaphragm structure

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic reducing vacuum differential component based on an iris diaphragm structure. The vacuum gradient between an accelerator and a terminal target chamber can be maintained as high as possible. The device comprises two iris diaphragms, three rotary disc surface connecting rods, a plurality of hinge pieces, a hinge shaft rod, a vacuum pipeline and a rotary driving assembly, by rotating the driving assembly, the cross sectional area of the closed-loop polygonal channel structure formed by the multiple hinge pieces and the hinge shaft rod is controlled to change, and the vacuum conductance in the vacuum pipeline is changed. Under the condition of meeting the beam passing condition, as small as possible vacuum conductance is used, the vacuum difference between the terminal target chamber and the accelerator is maintained as large as possible, the stability of the accelerator is facilitated, and the time required for vacuumizing the target chamber is shortened. An accelerator is used for carrying out a vacuum irradiation test, the accelerator generally needs to work at a high vacuum degree, a terminal target chamber can meet the test requirement at a poor vacuum degree, and a large vacuum degree demand difference exists between the accelerator and the terminal target chamber.

Description

An automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an adjustable vacuum differential vacuum pipe, and more specifically to an automatic diameter variable vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure. Background Technology

[0002] Irradiation experiments in a vacuum environment using particle accelerators are an important research method in materials science, aerospace engineering, and other fields. For irradiation experiments in a vacuum environment, it is necessary to consider not only whether the vacuum environment meets the sample requirements, but also the impact of the target chamber vacuum on the accelerator. The general procedure for vacuum irradiation experiments is to place the sample in the vacuum target chamber before irradiation begins, and then remove the sample after irradiation. Therefore, vacuum irradiation experiments need to consider how to quickly remove the vacuum after frequent sample changes to improve experimental efficiency.

[0003] Accelerators typically operate in a high vacuum environment, and a low vacuum environment can affect their stability. Irradiation chambers can generally meet experimental requirements in a low vacuum environment, but to prevent the vacuum in the irradiation chamber from affecting the stability of the accelerator, the vacuum in the irradiation chamber needs to be evacuated to meet the requirements for the stability of the front-end accelerator, or vacuum differential technology can be used to maintain the vacuum gradient difference between the irradiation chamber and the front-end accelerator.

[0004] In vacuum technology applications, "vacuum differential" refers to artificially establishing and maintaining a stable pressure gradient between two interconnected or adjacent vacuum regions. A common method is to use relatively small vacuum pipes between the two vacuum regions to reduce vacuum conductance. Its core function is to establish a controllable pressure difference barrier, achieving environmental isolation and protection, efficient staged pumping, and controllable material transport across vacuum levels. In accelerator vacuum irradiation experiments, to ensure the versatility of irradiation experiments, the vacuum pipes must be designed according to the maximum beam size that can be provided for irradiation. Larger vacuum pipes are not conducive to maintaining the vacuum difference between the target chamber and the front-end accelerator.

[0005] To meet the requirements for stable accelerator operation, the target chamber at the back end also needs to be evacuated to a high vacuum level. Moreover, sometimes the sample contains sealed "dead spaces" or materials with high gas evacuation rates, so even evacuation for dozens of hours may not meet the requirements, which is not conducive to carrying out vacuum irradiation experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem that, during vacuum irradiation tests, the sample contains a closed "dead space" or a material with a high gas evacuation rate, and even after evacuation for tens of hours, the requirements cannot be met, which is not conducive to carrying out vacuum irradiation tests. Therefore, this invention provides an automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an automatic variable-diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure, characterized in that it includes two iris apertures, three rotating disk connecting rods, multiple hinge plates, hinge shafts, a vacuum pipe, and a rotation drive assembly; the rotating disks of the two iris apertures are arranged opposite each other, and the three rotating disk connecting rods are connected at equal intervals along the circumference between the outer edges of the two rotating disks; each blade of the iris aperture has a pin hole located on the inner side of the rotating disk; both ends of each hinge shaft are... The hinge extends into the opposing pin holes of the two iris diaphragms and is fixed by pins; each hinge piece is hinged on both sides between two hinge shafts, and multiple hinge pieces are sequentially hinged through the hinge shafts to form a closed-loop polygonal channel structure; the bases of the two iris diaphragms are respectively connected to the two ends of the vacuum pipe; the two ends of the vacuum pipe are respectively used for sealing connection with different vacuum chambers; one end of the rotary drive assembly passes through the vacuum pipe and is connected to one of the rotating disk surface connecting rods, which is used to pull the rotating disk surface connecting rod to drive the two rotating disks to rotate synchronously.

[0008] Furthermore, each of the hinge pieces is provided with a rectangular toothed platform on each of its two sides, and the rectangular toothed platforms on the two sides of each hinge piece are staggered relative to each other. Each rectangular toothed platform has a hinge hole opened along its length. The rectangular toothed platforms on the two sides connecting adjacent hinge pieces are staggered. The hinge shaft passes through the staggered hinge holes between the corresponding two hinge pieces in sequence.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotary drive assembly includes a U-shaped connector, a pull rod, and a bellows; the bottom of the U-shaped connector is hinged to a rotating disk connecting rod, and one end of the pull rod is connected between the two ends by a shaft; one end of the bellows is open, and the other end has a through hole; the other end of the pull rod passes through the vacuum pipe and the through hole of the bellows in sequence to connect to an external motor, and the pull rod and the bellows are sealed together; the outer wall of the open end of the bellows is sealed to the vacuum pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a sealing box; one side of the sealing box has an arc-shaped opening, which is fitted and sealed to the outer wall of the vacuum pipe; the other side of the sealing box has a corrugated pipe opening, and one end of the opening of the corrugated pipe is sealed to the corrugated pipe opening of the sealing box.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the base of one iris apex is the same as the inner diameter of the vacuum tube, and the outer wall of the iris apex is connected to one end of the vacuum tube by welding; the outer diameter of the base of the other iris apex is smaller than the inner diameter of the vacuum tube, and the base of the iris apex is connected to the inner diameter of the vacuum tube by a connecting rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the base of the other iris diaphragm is 1mm to 3mm smaller than the inner diameter of the vacuum tube.

[0013] Furthermore, the width and number of the hinge pieces are designed to allow the blades of the iris diaphragm to rotate to the maximum aperture position.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention provides an automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure. By rotating the drive assembly, the rotating disk connecting rod is pulled to drive the two rotating disks to rotate synchronously. This drives the opening and closing of the iris aperture blades to synchronously drive the opening and closing of the closed-loop polygonal channel structure formed by multiple hinges, thereby forming vacuum channels with different cross-sections. By changing the cross-section of the vacuum channel, the vacuum chambers at both ends of the vacuum pipe (particle accelerator and terminal target chamber) can be maintained at a suitable vacuum gradient difference. The automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component of this invention can be used for irradiation experiments with excessively high gas output rates, or those requiring baking and degassing, or long-term vacuum extraction. The constructed vacuum differential enables the accelerator's vacuum to reach the standard for stable operation.

[0015] 2. This invention provides an automatic variable-diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure. Depending on the test sample, it maintains the maximum vacuum difference between the test terminal target chamber and the front-end accelerator while ensuring the irradiation beam can pass through, allowing the accelerator to operate in the best possible vacuum condition. Since irradiation tests require repeated sample insertion and removal, this invention also enables irradiation tests to be conducted even with poor vacuum at the test terminal, reducing the target chamber terminal vacuum extraction time and improving work efficiency.

[0016] 3. This invention provides an automatic diameter-changing vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure, which enables some samples that could not be irradiated due to insufficient vacuum conditions to meet the vacuum irradiation requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of one side of the rotating disk of the iris aperture in an embodiment of an automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to the present invention; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the hinge piece and the hinge shaft in an embodiment of an automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the closed-loop polygonal channel formed by connecting multiple hinge pieces in an embodiment of an automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to the present invention; Figure 5 is a partial structural schematic diagram (hidden vacuum pipe) of an embodiment of an automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to the present invention.

[0018] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1-Iris aperture, 101-Blade, 102-Base, 103-Rotating disk, 104-Connecting rod, 105-Pin hole; 2-Sealing box; 3-Vacuum pipe; 4-Bellows; 5-Hinge piece; 6-Hinge shaft; 7-Rotating disk connecting rod; 8-U-shaped connector; 9-Pull rod. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] This embodiment provides an automatic variable diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure. As shown in Figure 1, the iris aperture structure is the driving body, which drives the cross-sectional area of ​​a closed-loop polygonal channel structure formed by multiple hinges to change the vacuum flow conduction in the vacuum pipe.

[0021] Among them, the iris aperture is a conventional mechanical iris, as shown in Figure 2. The main body consists of a base 102, a rotating disk 103, a frame cam, a rotating disk cam, and multiple blades 101. The blades 101 are distributed in a centrally stacked manner. When the rotating disk 103 is driven, the rotating disk 103 drives the blades 101 to move through the frame cam. Under the combined action of the frame cam and the driving rotating disk cam, the blades 101 are driven to form an opening and closing action.

[0022] In this embodiment, the opening and closing of the blades of the iris aperture synchronously drives the opening and closing of a closed-loop polygonal channel structure formed by multiple hinged pieces, creating vacuum channels with different cross-sections. This embodiment provides an automatic variable-diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure, as shown in Figure 1, including two iris apertures 1, three rotating disk connecting rods 7, multiple hinge pieces 5, hinge shaft rods 6, vacuum pipes 3, U-shaped connectors 8, pull rods 9, and bellows 4.

[0023] As shown in Figure 2, the iris aperture 1 has three evenly distributed supporting connecting rods 104 on the edge of its base 102, which are used to connect and fix it to the external vacuum pipe 3. The base 1 has a non-penetrating guide rail groove on its surface. The blade 101 is composed of N arc-shaped metal sheets (the number can be changed according to actual precision requirements; the more sheets, the closer the aperture is to a circle). The edges of the blade 101 are precisely ground to ensure a tight, seamless seal when closed. The side of the blade 101 opposite to the base 102 has a protruding slider, which can be placed in the guide rail groove and slide along it. The rotating disk 103 has a penetrating groove, and the blade 101 has a pin hole 105 near its central tip and located inside the rotating disk. This hole drives the synchronous movement of the hinge shaft 6. The pin hole 105 allows the insertion of a drive pin, the protruding part of which embeds into the corresponding penetrating groove on the rotating disk surface 3. When the rotating disk 103 rotates, it drives the drive pin to move along the groove. The movement of the drive pin causes the blades 101 to move along the guide groove on one hand and along the slide curve on the other. The overall effect is that the blades 101 slide synchronously towards the center or spread outward, achieving continuous adjustment of the aperture. The arc design of the blades 101 ensures that they always move symmetrically around the same center point during movement. When the blades 101 are retracted, the edges of each blade 101 overlap, forming a near-regular polygon with a smaller central aperture. When the blades are extended, the overlapping part decreases, forming a near-regular polygon with a larger central aperture.

[0024] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the two ends of each hinge shaft 6 extend into the opposite pin holes 202 of the two iris apertures 1 and are fixed by pins; the two sides of each hinge piece 5 are hinged between the two hinge shafts 6, and multiple hinge pieces 5 are sequentially hinged through the hinge shafts 6 to form a closed-loop polygonal channel structure.

[0025] As shown in Figure 3, the rotating disks of the two iris apertures 1 are arranged facing each other, and three rotating disk surface connecting rods 7 are connected at equal intervals between the outer edges of the two rotating disks. The three rotating disk surface connecting rods 7 are used to drive the two rotating disks 103 to rotate synchronously.

[0026] One iris aperture 1 has a base 102 with an outer diameter identical to the inner diameter of the vacuum pipe 3. The outer wall of the iris aperture 1 is welded to one end of the vacuum pipe 3. The other iris aperture 1 has a base 102 with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the vacuum pipe 3. The base 102 of the iris aperture 1 is connected to the inner diameter of the vacuum pipe 3 via a connecting rod 1-1. The outer diameter of the other iris aperture 1's base 102 is 1mm to 3mm smaller than the inner diameter of the vacuum pipe 3; its function is to reduce the dead space between the closed-loop polygonal channel structure and the vacuum pipe 3, facilitating vacuum extraction.

[0027] Each hinge piece 5 has a rectangular toothed platform on each of its two sides, and the rectangular toothed platforms on both sides of each hinge piece 5 are staggered. Each rectangular toothed platform has a hinge hole along its length. Each hinge shaft 6 passes through the hinge holes of two adjacent hinge pieces 5 in a staggered manner.

[0028] In this embodiment, a rotary drive assembly is also included, as shown in Figure 5. The rotary drive assembly includes a U-shaped connector 8, a pull rod 9, and a bellows 4, wherein the bellows 4 can expand and contract. The bottom of the U-shaped connector 8 is connected to a rotating disk connecting rod 7, and the two ends are connected by a shaft to one end of the pull rod 9. The bellows 4 is open at one end and has a perforated corrugated tube at the other end. The other end of the pull rod 9 passes through the vacuum pipe 3 and the perforation of the bellows 4 in sequence to connect to an external motor, and the pull rod 9 and the bellows 4 are sealed together. The outer wall of the open end of the bellows 4 is sealed to the vacuum pipe 3. When the external motor drives the pull rod 9 to push inward, the blades 101 of the two iris apertures 1 expand synchronously, causing the closed-loop polygonal channel structure to expand, while the bellows 4 contracts. When the external motor drives the pull rod 9 to push outward, the blades 101 of the two iris apertures 1 contract synchronously, causing the closed-loop polygonal channel structure to contract, while the bellows 4 expands. The cross-sectional area of ​​the polygonal channel structure, which is formed by multiple hinges and driven by an external motor, changes the vacuum flow conduction within the vacuum pipe.

[0029] To enhance the sealing of the connection between the rotary drive assembly and the vacuum pipe 3, a sealing box 2 is fitted and connected to the outer wall of the vacuum pipe 3 at the position where it passes through the tie rod 9. One side of the sealing box 2 has an arc-shaped opening that can fit against the outer wall of the vacuum pipe 3 to improve the sealing performance. The other side of the sealing box 2 has a corrugated pipe opening, and the outer wall of one end of the opening of the corrugated pipe 4 is sealed and connected to the corrugated pipe opening of the sealing box 2.

[0030] This invention discloses an automatic variable-diameter vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure, serving as a connecting conduit for two vacuum chambers. In use, one end is sealed and connected to the particle accelerator at the front end, and the other end is sealed and connected to the experimental terminal target chamber at the rear end. With a fixed length of the vacuum conduit 3, the vacuum cross-section of this section can be altered through a closed-loop polygonal channel structure. The cross-section is positively correlated with vacuum conductance; a larger cross-section results in a larger vacuum conductance. A smaller vacuum conductance, under otherwise constant conditions, allows for a larger vacuum gradient at both ends of the vacuum conduit 3. Therefore, by controlling the change in vacuum conductance through diameter variation, the two ends of the vacuum conduit can be kept stably at different vacuum gradient differences. Using this section of vacuum conduit 3 as a transition connecting the particle accelerator and the experimental terminal chamber allows the experimental terminal chamber and the front-end particle accelerator vacuum chamber to maintain stable different vacuum differences. During the irradiation of the experimental sample by the particle accelerator, the particle accelerator typically operates under high vacuum, while the experimental terminal target chamber can meet the requirements under relatively poor operating conditions. Depending on the test sample, the goal is to maintain the maximum vacuum difference between the test terminal target chamber and the front-end particle accelerator, ensuring the particle accelerator operates in the best possible vacuum condition, while still allowing the irradiation beam to pass through. Alternatively, irradiation experiments can be conducted before the test terminal chamber is evacuated to a high vacuum state without affecting the stability of the particle accelerator.

[0031] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automatic diameter-changing vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure, characterized in that: The assembly includes two iris apertures (1), three rotating disk connecting rods (7), multiple hinge pieces (5), hinge shafts (6), a vacuum pipe (3), and a rotation drive assembly. The rotating disks of the two iris apertures (1) are arranged opposite each other, and the three rotating disk connecting rods (7) are connected at equal intervals along the circumference between the outer edges of the two rotating disks. Each blade of the iris aperture (1) has a pin hole (105) located on the inner side of the rotating disk. Both ends of each hinge shaft (6) extend into the opposite pin holes (105) of the two iris apertures (1), and pass through... Pins are used for fixing; each hinge piece (5) is hinged on both sides between two hinge shafts (6), and multiple hinge pieces (5) are sequentially hinged through the hinge shafts (6) to form a closed-loop polygonal channel structure; the bases of the two iris apertures (1) are respectively connected to the two ends of the vacuum pipe (3); the two ends of the vacuum pipe (3) are respectively used to seal and connect to different vacuum chambers; one end of the rotary drive assembly passes through the vacuum pipe (3) and is connected to one of the rotating disk surface connecting rods (7), which is used to pull the rotating disk surface connecting rod (7) to drive the two rotating disks to rotate synchronously.

2. The automatic diameter-changing vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the hinge pieces (5) has a rectangular toothed platform on each of its two sides, and the rectangular toothed platforms on both sides of each hinge piece (5) are staggered. Each rectangular toothed platform has a hinge hole along its length. The rectangular toothed platforms on the two sides of the adjacent hinge pieces (5) are staggered. The hinge shaft (6) passes through the staggered hinge holes between the corresponding two hinge pieces (5) in sequence.

3. The automatic diameter-changing vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary drive assembly includes a U-shaped connector (8), a pull rod (9), and a bellows (4); the bottom of the U-shaped connector (8) is hinged to a rotating disk connecting rod (7), and the two ports are connected by a shaft to one end of the pull rod (9); one end of the bellows (4) is open, and the other end is provided with a through hole; the other end of the pull rod (9) passes through the vacuum pipe (3) and the through hole of the bellows (4) in sequence to connect to an external motor, and the pull rod (9) and the bellows (4) are sealed together; the outer wall of the open end of the bellows (4) is sealed to the vacuum pipe (3).

4. The automatic diameter-changing vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a sealing box (2); one side of the sealing box (2) has an arc-shaped opening, and the arc-shaped opening is in contact with and sealed to the outer wall of the vacuum pipe (3); the other side of the sealing box (2) has a corrugated pipe opening, and one end of the opening of the corrugated pipe (4) is sealed to the corrugated pipe opening of the sealing box (2).

5. The automatic diameter-changing vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the iris apertures (1) has the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the vacuum pipe (3), and the outer wall of the iris aperture (1) is connected to one end of the vacuum pipe (3) by welding; the other iris aperture (1) has a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the vacuum pipe (3), and the base of the iris aperture (1) is connected to the inner diameter of the vacuum pipe (3) by a connecting rod (104).

6. The automatic diameter-changing vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the base of the other iris aperture (1) is 1 mm to 3 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the vacuum tube (3).

7. The automatic diameter-changing vacuum differential component based on an iris aperture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width and number of the hinge pieces (5) are designed to allow the blades of the iris aperture (1) to rotate to the position of maximum aperture.

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