High-capacity circuit breaker heat dissipation structure based on micro-nano structure heat pipe
By embedding micro-nano structure heat pipes in the vacuum interrupter chamber, the problem of heat dissipation in large-capacity circuit breakers is solved, achieving efficient heat dissipation and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the circuit breaker.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- STATE GRID ANHUI ELECTRIC POWER CO LTD ELECTRIC POWER SCI RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-01
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the heat inside the vacuum interrupter of large-capacity vacuum circuit breakers is difficult to dissipate effectively, resulting in excessive temperature rise and affecting the safe and stable operation of the circuit breaker.
A heat dissipation structure based on micro-nano structure heat pipes is adopted. By setting heat dissipation devices at both the moving and stationary ends of the vacuum interrupter, and embedding micro-nano structure heat pipes inside the stationary conductive rod, radial conduction and rapid axial heat dissipation of heat are achieved, combined with natural convection and radiation heat dissipation.
It significantly reduces the core temperature rise of large-capacity circuit breakers, improves heat dissipation efficiency and environmental adaptability, avoids additional energy consumption and mechanical failure risks, and extends the service life of circuit breakers.
Smart Images
Figure CN121964432A_ABST
Abstract
Description
A high-capacity circuit breaker heat dissipation structure based on micro / nano structure heat pipes Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of circuit breaker heat dissipation technology, and in particular to a heat dissipation structure for a large-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro-nano structure heat pipe. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of power systems and the continuous expansion of power grids, transmission and distribution capacity has been continuously increasing. This increase in system capacity has led to a significant rise in rated operating current and short-circuit fault current. Large-capacity circuit breakers, as key control and protection devices ensuring the safe and reliable operation of power systems, directly affect the stable operation of the power grid and the reliability of power supply. Vacuum circuit breakers, compared to SF6 circuit breakers, have advantages such as environmental friendliness, low cost, and long service life, and have been widely used in power systems. However, during long-term current-carrying operation, large-capacity vacuum circuit breakers experience severe heat generation in the arc-extinguishing chamber due to its significantly higher current-carrying resistance compared to SF6 circuit breakers of the same capacity. This results in excessively high temperature rises in the arc-extinguishing chamber and the moving and stationary contact seats. Severe temperature rises can lead to problems such as internal insulation degradation, reduced mechanical strength, and decreased breaking performance. In particular, the heat generated by the contacts and conductive rods inside the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber lacks an effective convection cooling medium and can only be dissipated through heat conduction via the moving and stationary contacts and conductive rods, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency.
[0003] Currently, to address the problem of excessive temperature rise and difficulty in dissipating internal heat in high-capacity vacuum circuit breakers under high-current conditions, the main methods for heat dissipation are to add external ventilation structures or install traditional heat pipes. For example, in the paper "CFD Simulation of Temperature Rise in High-Voltage Circuit Breakers" published in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery in Volume 32, Issue 6 in 2017 by Mahesh T. Dhotre et al., a method of drilling holes inside the circuit breaker conductor was used to allow the stored hot gas to circulate and prevent the gas from stagnating inside the conductor. However, its shortcomings lie in the fact that relying solely on the natural circulation of internal gas for heat dissipation is extremely inefficient. Existing heat dissipation solutions typically fail to establish an effective heat removal channel with the heat source inside the vacuum interrupter, making it difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of heat accumulation in the core internal heat source. The paper "Simulation of Heating Characteristics and Heat Dissipation Optimization Method of Large-Capacity Pumped Storage Generator Circuit Breaker" published by Zhu Qiqi et al. in *High Voltage Engineering*, Vol. 50, No. 6, 2024, uses the method of adding heat sinks to the moving and stationary terminal blocks and gravity-type heat pipes to the stationary terminal block to reduce temperature rise. Simultaneously, coatings are added to the surfaces of the heat sinks, heat pipes, and extension cylinders to increase surface emissivity, thereby improving radiative heat dissipation power. However, its shortcomings are that this solution installs the heat pipes outside the terminal blocks and does not penetrate deep into the core heat-generating areas such as the conductive rods. The accumulated heat still needs to be conducted through a relatively long solid structure before it can be carried away, resulting in low heat removal efficiency from the core heat source. Furthermore, the vertically installed gravity-type heat pipes in this solution can easily cause local electric field distortion inside the circuit breaker, limiting the spatial layout and installation flexibility of the circuit breaker.
[0004] In summary, the existing technology has the following problems: 1) Existing heat dissipation solutions usually install heat sinks or enhance radiation on the conductive connection parts and the circuit breaker housing, but fail to establish an effective heat dissipation channel with the heat source inside the vacuum interrupter.
[0005] 2) The heat generated by the contacts and conductive rods inside the vacuum interrupter lacks an effective convection heat dissipation medium and can only be dissipated through heat conduction via the moving and stationary contacts and conductive rods, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency.
[0006] 3) Traditional gravity heat pipes rely on gravity reflux and are sensitive to installation posture. The capillary driving force of conventional sintered or wire mesh wicks is limited, making it difficult to drive the condensing working fluid to effectively reflux to the evaporation section when placed horizontally. This results in a significant decrease in heat pipe temperature uniformity and heat transfer efficiency, or even failure.
[0007] Therefore, how to efficiently dissipate heat from the vacuum interrupter chamber of a circuit breaker and reduce the temperature rise of the circuit breaker has become an important technical issue in the design of large-capacity circuit breakers. Summary of the Invention
[0008] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is the issue of excessive temperature rise and difficulty in dissipating internal heat in existing technologies. This invention provides a heat dissipation structure for high-capacity circuit breakers based on micro / nano structure heat pipes, offering an efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly solution for heat dissipation in high-capacity circuit breakers.
[0009] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a high-capacity circuit breaker heat dissipation structure based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe, comprising a vacuum interrupter, an interrupter heat dissipation device, a micro / nano structure heat pipe, and a heat pipe heat dissipation device. The interrupter heat dissipation device includes a moving end heat dissipation device and a stationary end heat dissipation device. The vacuum interrupter includes an interrupter shell and a stationary conductive rod installed in the vacuum interrupter inner cavity, a stationary contact fixed to one end of the stationary conductive rod, a moving conductive rod, and a moving contact fixed to one end of the moving conductive rod. The other end of the stationary contact is connected to the other end of the moving contact, and the stationary contact, moving contact, stationary conductive rod, moving conductive rod, and interrupter shell are concentric. The center of the stationary conductive rod has an axial central hole with a depth of H and an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the micro / nano structure heat pipe, starting from the end face without the stationary contact. The moving end heat dissipation device includes a moving end conductive body and a moving end conductive body fixed to the moving end. The heat pipe has multiple moving-end heat dissipation fins on its outer side. The stationary-end heat dissipation device includes a stationary-end conductive body and multiple stationary-end heat dissipation fins fixed on its outer side. The stationary-end conductive body has a through hole A with the same inner diameter as the axial center hole of the stationary conductive rod at its center. Both the moving-end and stationary-end conductive bodies have inner holes B at their tails that match the outer diameter of the arc-extinguishing chamber shell. Two inner holes B are embedded at each end of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber, which is assembled between the moving-end and stationary-end heat dissipation devices. The micro-nano structure heat pipe consists of a copper shell, a liquid absorbing layer, and a working fluid from the outside to the inside. The liquid absorbing layer is made of micro-nano structure material sintered together, and the working fluid is deionized water or cooling oil. The micro-nano structure heat pipe is divided into a condensation section and an evaporation section along the axial direction. The evaporation section passes through the through hole A and is embedded in the electrostatic conductive rod through the axial center hole. The heat pipe heat dissipation device is mounted on the condensation section of the micro-nano structure heat pipe.
[0010] Preferably, the liquid-absorbing layers are a first liquid-absorbing layer and a second liquid-absorbing layer from the outside to the inside. The first liquid-absorbing layer is a porous structure made of pure copper fiber mesh sintered and pressed with a monomer particle size between 40um and 60um. The second liquid-absorbing layer is made of copper powder with a monomer particle size between 75um and 150um sintered, and its inner side is composed of multiple uniformly distributed and identical toothed grooves. The working fluid is filled in the flow channel surrounded by the toothed grooves.
[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the first liquid absorption layer is 0.5 mm - 1.0 mm, and the porosity is controlled within 65% - 75%; the thickness of the second liquid absorption layer is 0.4 mm - 0.7 mm, and the porosity is controlled within 35% - 45%; the groove depth of the tooth-shaped groove is 0.3 mm - 0.5 mm.
[0012] Preferably, the liquid filling rate of the working medium is 60% - 80%; after the working medium is filled, the micro-nano structured heat pipe is evacuated and both ends are sealed.
[0013] Preferably, a highly thermally conductive insulating silicone grease is coated at the contact between the evaporation section of the micro-nano structured heat pipe and the axial central hole in the static conductive rod to minimize the contact thermal resistance and increase the heat transfer efficiency.
[0014] Preferably, the heat pipe heat dissipation device is in a horizontal leek shape, and is composed of a central pipe and a plurality of heat pipe heat dissipation fins fixed on the outer side of the central pipe.
[0015] Preferably, a radiation heat dissipation coating with a high emissivity is sprayed on the outer surfaces of the moving end heat dissipation device, the static end heat dissipation device, and the heat pipe heat dissipation device to improve the radiation heat transfer efficiency.
[0016] Preferably, the plurality of moving end heat dissipation fins, the plurality of static end heat dissipation fins, and the plurality of heat pipe heat dissipation fins are all evenly distributed.
[0017] Preferably, the size of the depth H is: H > 2 / 3L, where L is the length of the static conductive rod.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects brought by the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention provides a heat dissipation structure for a large-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro-nano structured heat pipe. By setting arc chamber heat dissipation devices at the moving and static ends of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber and embedding a micro-nano structured heat pipe inside the static conductive rod, the combination of radial heat conduction and axial rapid heat export is achieved. Without changing the main structure of the circuit breaker, the heat accumulated inside the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber is effectively exported, significantly reducing the core temperature rise of the large-capacity circuit breaker under the condition of large current flowing, which is of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the large-capacity circuit breaker.
[0019] (2) The micro-nano structured heat pipe adopted in the present invention has an internal liquid absorption layer that兼具 a long-distance reflux channel and a high capillary liquid absorption force. Utilizing the high capillary driving force of the micro-nano structure, it effectively overcomes the obstruction of gravity to the condensation and reflux of the working medium. This design breaks through the installation attitude limitation of traditional gravity heat pipes, realizes an efficient gas-liquid phase change heat transfer cycle of the heat pipe under horizontal placement, and greatly improves the environmental adaptability and heat transfer efficiency of the heat dissipation system.
[0020] (3) The heat dissipation structure proposed in this invention is a purely passive heat dissipation design. The heat is dissipated autonomously through the natural convection and radiation of the external heat dissipation components and the phase change cycle of the internal micro-nano heat pipes. It does not rely on the intervention of external active power devices such as fans or water pumps, thus avoiding the additional energy consumption, noise interference and potential mechanical failure risks caused by the additional power system. It significantly improves the service life and maintenance economy of the large-capacity circuit breaker. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the tail end of the static end heat dissipation device of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the heat pipe of the present invention.
[0022] In the diagram: 1 Vacuum interrupter, 11 Static conductive rod, 12 Static contact, 13 Moving contact, 14 Moving conductive rod, 15 Extinction chamber shell, 2 Moving end heat dissipation device, 21 Moving end conductive body, 22 Moving end heat dissipation fins, 3 Static end heat dissipation device, 31 Static end conductive body, 32 Static end heat dissipation fins, 4 Heat pipe, 41 Heat pipe shell, 42 First absorbing layer, 43 Second absorbing layer, 44 Groove, 45 Working fluid, 5 Heat pipe heat dissipation device, 51 Heat pipe heat dissipation fins, 6 Flange. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the tail end of the stationary end heat dissipation device in the present invention, and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the micro-nano structure heat pipe in the present invention. As can be seen from Figures 1-4, the present invention provides a high-capacity circuit breaker heat dissipation structure based on a micro-nano structure heat pipe, including a vacuum interrupter 1, an interrupter heat dissipation device, a micro-nano structure heat pipe 4, and a heat pipe heat dissipation device 5. The interrupter heat dissipation device includes a moving end heat dissipation device 2 and a stationary end heat dissipation device 3.
[0025] The vacuum interrupter 1 includes an interrupter shell 15 and a stationary conductive rod 11 installed in the inner cavity of the vacuum interrupter 1, a stationary contact 12 fixed to one end of the stationary conductive rod 11, a moving conductive rod 14, and a moving contact 13 fixed to one end of the moving conductive rod 14. The other end of the stationary contact 12 and the other end of the moving contact 13 are connected together, and the stationary contact 12, the moving contact 13, the stationary conductive rod 11, the moving conductive rod 14, and the interrupter shell 15 are concentric. The center of the stationary conductive rod 11 has an axial center hole with a depth of H and an inner diameter that matches the outer diameter of the micro-nano structure heat pipe 4, starting from the end face where the stationary contact 12 is not installed.
[0026] The moving-end heat dissipation device 2 includes a moving-end conductive body 21 and a plurality of moving-end heat dissipation fins 22 fixed on the outer side of the moving-end conductive body 21. The static-end heat dissipation device 3 includes a static-end conductive body 31 and a plurality of static-end heat dissipation fins 32 fixed on the outer side of the static-end conductive body 31. A through hole A with the same inner diameter as the axial center hole of the static conductive rod 11 is opened at the center of the static-end conductive body 31.
[0027] Inner holes B adapted to the outer diameter of the arc extinguishing chamber housing 15 are opened at the tails of the moving-end conductive body 21 and the static-end conductive body 31. Both ends of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber 1 are respectively inserted into the two inner holes B and assembled between the moving-end heat dissipation device 2 and the static-end heat dissipation device 3.
[0028] The micro-nano structure heat pipe 4 includes a copper heat pipe shell 41, a liquid absorption layer and a working medium 45 from outside to inside. The liquid absorption layer is made of sintered micro-nano structure material, and the working medium 45 is deionized water or cooling oil. The micro-nano structure heat pipe 4 is axially divided into a condensation section and an evaporation section. The evaporation section passes through the through hole A and the axial center hole and is inserted into the static conductive rod 11.
[0029] The heat pipe heat dissipation device 5 is sleeved on the condensation section of the micro-nano structure heat pipe 4.
[0030] In this embodiment, the size of the depth H is: H > 2 / 3L, where L is the length of the static conductive rod 11.
[0031] In this embodiment, high-emissivity radiation heat dissipation coatings are sprayed on the outer surfaces of the moving-end heat dissipation device 2, the static-end heat dissipation device 3, and the heat pipe heat dissipation device 5 to improve the radiation heat transfer efficiency.
[0032] In this embodiment, high-thermal-conductivity insulating silicone grease is coated at the contact between the evaporation section of the micro-nano structure heat pipe 4 and the axial center hole in the static conductive rod 11 to minimize the contact thermal resistance and increase the heat transfer efficiency.
[0033] In this embodiment, high-emissivity radiation heat dissipation coatings are sprayed on the outer surfaces of the moving-end heat dissipation device 2, the static-end heat dissipation device 3, and the heat pipe heat dissipation device 5 to improve the radiation heat transfer efficiency.
[0034] In this embodiment, the heat pipe heat dissipation device 5 is in a horizontal leek shape and consists of a central tube and a plurality of heat pipe heat dissipation fins 51 fixed on the outer side of the central tube. The plurality of moving-end heat dissipation fins 32, the plurality of static-end heat dissipation fins 22, and the plurality of heat pipe heat dissipation fins 51 are all equally spaced.
[0035] In this embodiment, the liquid-absorbing layers, from the outside to the inside, are a first liquid-absorbing layer 42 and a second liquid-absorbing layer 43. The first liquid-absorbing layer 42 is a porous structure made of pure copper fiber mesh sintered and pressed with monomer particle sizes between 40um and 60um. The second liquid-absorbing layer 43 is made of copper powder with monomer particle sizes between 75um and 150um sintered, and its inner side is composed of multiple uniformly distributed and identical toothed grooves 44. The working fluid 45 is filled into the flow channel surrounded by the toothed grooves 44.
[0036] In this embodiment, the thickness of the first liquid-absorbing layer 42 is 0.5 mm-1.0 mm, and the porosity is controlled at 65%-75%. The thickness of the second liquid-absorbing layer 43 is 0.4 mm-0.7 mm, the porosity is controlled at 35%-45%, and the groove depth of the toothed groove 44 is 0.3 mm-0.5 mm. The filling rate of the working fluid 45 is 60%-80%. After the working fluid 45 is filled, the micro / nano structure heat pipe 4 is evacuated and both ends are sealed.
[0037] The first liquid-absorbing layer 42 adopts a porous structure filled with fibers. This layer forms a highly permeable porous channel that guides the extremely low-resistance backflow of deionized water. The grooved structure of the second liquid-absorbing layer 43 completely isolates the highly permeable porous channel from the high-speed vapor flow at the center of the heat pipe heat dissipation device 5. The toothed grooves on the surface greatly increase the gas-liquid phase change contact area, thereby realizing a highly efficient gas-liquid phase change heat transfer cycle in a horizontally placed state.
[0038] In this embodiment, some structural parameters and descriptions are as follows: The heat pipe shell 41 is made of oxygen-free copper, which has good thermal conductivity. The outer diameter of the micro / nano structure heat pipe 4 is 25mm, the wall thickness is 1.5mm, and the total length is 600mm, which ensures the structural strength of the micro / nano structure heat pipe 4 under vacuum and pressure, while maximizing the internal vapor chamber volume.
[0039] The vacuum level, type of working fluid, and filling volume of the flow channel in the micro / nano structure heat pipe 4 are determined by the heat generated during the flow in the vacuum interrupter and the desired heat transfer efficiency. In this embodiment, deionized water was selected as the working fluid, and the filling rate was 70%. This filling rate ensures sufficient liquid working fluid for circulation while reserving enough space for vapor flow. Furthermore, the vacuum level of the internal cavity of the micro / nano structure heat pipe 4 was evacuated to 1×10⁻⁶ before liquid injection and encapsulation. -3 Below Pa, to completely eliminate non-condensable gases.
[0040] The fin spacing design primarily considers aerodynamic characteristics to ensure smooth natural convection. In this embodiment, there are eight heat pipe fins 51, each with a fin thickness of 8 mm and a fin spacing of 12 mm. There are four moving-end heat dissipation fins 22, each with a fin thickness of 5 mm and a fin spacing of 16 mm. There are six stationary-end heat dissipation fins 32, each with a fin thickness of 5 mm and a fin spacing of 19 mm. All three types of fins are made of high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy and have an elliptical cross-section.
[0041] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2, the non-vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber contact ends of the moving end conductive body 21 and the stationary end conductive body 31 are respectively connected to the two flanges 6 to enhance the stability of the heat dissipation structure of the present invention. The non-moving contact end of the moving conductive rod 14 passes through the moving end conductive body 21, and its non-arc-extinguishing chamber contact end is flush with that of the moving end conductive body 21.
[0042] In summary, this invention utilizes the arc-extinguishing chamber heat dissipation device and the micro-nano structure heat pipe 4 to construct a dual-path heat dissipation structure in both radial and axial directions, which rapidly dissipates the heat generated by the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber 1, significantly increasing the heat dissipation capacity of the circuit breaker and effectively reducing the temperature rise of the circuit breaker.
[0043] Specifically, the vacuum interrupter 1 of a large-capacity circuit breaker generates a large amount of heat due to the large current carried, influenced by contact resistance and conductor resistance. The radial heat transfer path of this invention is as follows: heat is transferred to the heat dissipation devices of the interrupter chamber on both sides via the stationary conductive rod 11 and the moving conductive rod 14, and then dissipated to the external environment through thermal convection and thermal radiation. The axial heat transfer path of this invention is as follows: a micro-nano structure heat pipe 4 embedded inside the stationary conductive rod 11 is tightly connected to the high-temperature heating zone. The working fluid in the vacuum cavity inside the micro-nano structure heat pipe 4 absorbs heat and undergoes efficient phase change vaporization at the microstructure of the toothed grooves 44 on its surface. Driven by a slight axial pressure difference, it flows at high speed to the condensation section located on the outside. In the condensation section, the vaporized working fluid releases a large amount of latent heat of phase change, which is conducted through the heat pipe shell 41 to the heat pipe cooling fins 51, and then dissipated to the surrounding environment. The condensed liquid working fluid, driven by the strong capillary pressure generated by the surface capillary wicking layer, rapidly flows back to the evaporation section through the bottom high-permeability, low-flow-resistance wicking layer, thereby rapidly conducting the heat accumulated inside the arc-extinguishing chamber out along the axial direction.
Claims
1. A heat dissipation structure for a high-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe, characterized in that, The system includes a vacuum interrupter (1), an interrupter heat dissipation device, a micro / nano structure heat pipe (4), and a heat pipe heat dissipation device (5). The interrupter heat dissipation device includes a moving end heat dissipation device (2) and a stationary end heat dissipation device (3). The vacuum interrupter (1) includes an interrupter shell (15) and a stationary conductive rod (11) installed in the inner cavity of the vacuum interrupter (1), a stationary contact (12) fixed to one end of the stationary conductive rod (11), a moving conductive rod (14), and a moving contact (13) fixed to one end of the moving conductive rod (14). The stationary contact (12) is... The other end is connected to the other end of the moving contact (13), and the stationary contact (12), moving contact (13), stationary conductive rod (11), moving conductive rod (14), and arc-extinguishing chamber shell (15) are concentric; the center of the stationary conductive rod (11) has an axial center hole with a depth of H and an inner diameter that matches the outer diameter of the micro-nano structure heat pipe (4), starting from the end face where the stationary contact (12) is not installed; the moving end heat dissipation device (2) includes a moving end conductive body (21) and multiple [unclear] fixed on the outside of the moving end conductive body (21). The moving end heat dissipation fins (22) and the stationary end heat dissipation device (3) include a stationary end conductive body (31) and a plurality of stationary end heat dissipation fins (32) fixed on the outside of the stationary end conductive body (31). The stationary end conductive body (31) has a through hole A with the same inner diameter as the axial center hole of the stationary conductive rod (11) at its center. The tail ends of the moving end conductive body (21) and the stationary end conductive body (31) are both provided with inner holes B that are adapted to the outer diameter of the arc-extinguishing chamber shell (15). Two inner holes B are respectively inserted into the two ends of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber (1). It is assembled between the moving end heat dissipation device (2) and the stationary end heat dissipation device (3); the micro-nano structure heat pipe (4) consists of a copper tube shell (41), a liquid absorbing layer and a working fluid (45) from the outside to the inside. The liquid absorbing layer is made of micro-nano structure material sintered together, and the working fluid (45) is deionized water or cooling oil. The micro-nano structure heat pipe (4) is divided into a condensation section and an evaporation section along the axial direction. The evaporation section passes through the through hole A and is embedded in the electrostatic conductor (11) through the axial center hole. The heat pipe heat dissipation device (5) is mounted on the condensation section of the micro-nano structure heat pipe (4).
2. The heat dissipation structure for a high-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid-absorbing layers are, from the outside to the inside, a first liquid-absorbing layer (42) and a second liquid-absorbing layer (43). The first liquid-absorbing layer (42) is a porous structure of pure copper fiber mesh sintered and pressed with a monomer particle size between 40um and 60um. The second liquid-absorbing layer (43) is made of copper powder sintered with a monomer particle size between 75um and 150um, and its inner side is composed of multiple uniformly distributed and identical toothed grooves (44). The working fluid (45) is filled in the flow channel surrounded by the toothed grooves (44).
3. The heat dissipation structure for a high-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the first liquid-absorbing layer (42) is 0.5 mm-1.0 mm, and the porosity is controlled at 65%-75%; the thickness of the second liquid-absorbing layer (43) is 0.4 mm-0.7 mm, and the porosity is controlled at 35%-45%; the groove depth of the toothed groove (44) is 0.3 mm-0.5 mm.
4. The heat dissipation structure of a high-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The working fluid (45) has a filling rate of 60%-80%; after the working fluid (45) is filled, the micro-nano structure heat pipe (4) is evacuated and sealed at both ends.
5. The heat dissipation structure for a high-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact area between the evaporation section of the micro / nano structure heat pipe (4) and the axial center hole in the static conductive rod (11) is coated with high thermal conductivity insulating silicone grease to minimize contact thermal resistance and increase heat transfer efficiency.
6. The heat dissipation structure for a high-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pipe heat dissipation device (5) is a horizontal leek shape, consisting of a central tube and multiple heat pipe heat dissipation fins (51) fixed on the outside of the central tube.
7. A high-capacity circuit breaker heat dissipation structure based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer surfaces of the moving end heat dissipation device (2), the stationary end heat dissipation device (3), and the heat pipe heat dissipation device (5) are all coated with high emissivity radiative heat dissipation coating to improve radiative heat exchange efficiency.
8. The heat dissipation structure of a high-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multiple moving end heat dissipation fins (32), multiple stationary end heat dissipation fins (22), and multiple heat pipe heat dissipation fins (51) are all equidistantly distributed.
9. The heat dissipation structure of a high-capacity circuit breaker based on a micro / nano structure heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dimension of depth H is: H > 2 / 3L, where L is the length of the electrostatic conductor (11).