Open-type double-layer offshore booster station and offshore wind power system

Abstract

The invention provides an open-type double-layer offshore booster station and an offshore wind power system. The double-layer offshore booster station comprises a lower module and an upper module. The lower module is used for being fixed on a seabed; the upper module is fixed on the lower module and comprises a first equipment layer and a second equipment layer positioned above the first equipment layer; wherein the second equipment layer comprises a high-voltage equipment area, a middle-low-voltage equipment area and a secondary relay protection equipment area, the high-voltage equipment area is arranged in a top open mode, and a main transformer body, a high-voltage reactor and GIS equipment are arranged in the high-voltage equipment area. According to the method, the aims of optimizing arrangement, simplifying the structure, reducing the operation and maintenance difficulty, considering the platform area, the platform weight, the construction cost and the construction period of the offshore booster station, and reducing the cost and increasing the efficiency of an offshore wind power project can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of offshore wind power technology, and in particular to an open-type double-layer offshore substation and offshore wind power system. Background Technology

[0002] Offshore substations are critical infrastructure that emerged alongside the large-scale and offshore development of offshore wind power. Essentially, they are high-voltage substations built on offshore platforms. Their basic principle is to collect the medium-voltage electricity (e.g., 66kV) generated by all wind turbines through a collector system, step it up to high voltage (e.g., 500kV) via a main transformer, and then transmit it to the onshore power grid via submarine cables. In this process, offshore substations also undertake comprehensive functions such as power quality relay protection, system protection, grid connection scheduling, and remote monitoring, ensuring the safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the entire wind farm. Early near-shore wind farms were small in scale and close to the shore, allowing direct connection to the onshore power grid via medium-voltage cables. However, as wind farms have grown larger and farther from the shore, direct connection to the onshore power grid via medium-voltage submarine cables has become unacceptable in terms of cost and losses. To reduce transmission losses and ensure grid stability, offshore substations have become the industry standard.

[0003] Currently, offshore substations mainly adopt two methods: modular offshore substations and prefabricated substations. Modular offshore substations decompose the substation into multiple functional modules, each requiring its own independent support structure and shell. This results in a greater overall steel consumption than traditional monolithic designs, leading to a larger total weight and volume for offshore substations compared to monolithic designs, posing challenges to the design and hoisting capabilities of offshore substations. Prefabricated substations are generally suitable for small electrical equipment. For large-capacity high-voltage equipment, such as main transformers and high-voltage reactors, due to their large size and weight, prefabricated substations are generally not feasible, and a separate high-voltage equipment room must be built to install the high-voltage equipment indoors.

[0004] The research revealed that the aforementioned two types of offshore substations suffer from unreasonable layouts, resulting in complex platform structures, long construction periods, and the predominantly enclosed structures with major electrical equipment housed indoors. The large size and weight of high-voltage equipment such as the main transformer further complicate operation and maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an open-plan, double-layer offshore substation and offshore wind power system that optimizes the layout, simplifies the structure, and balances considerations for platform area, weight, construction cost, and construction period, thereby achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement for offshore wind power projects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an open-type double-layer offshore substation and offshore wind power system to optimize layout, simplify structure, reduce operation and maintenance difficulty, and at the same time take into account the platform area, platform weight, construction cost and construction period of the offshore substation, so as to achieve the goal of cost reduction and efficiency improvement of offshore wind power projects.

[0006] The present invention provides an open-type double-layer offshore substation, comprising: a lower module and an upper module.

[0007] The lower module is used to fix it to the seabed; the upper module is fixed on the lower module. The upper module includes a first equipment layer and a second equipment layer located above the first equipment layer. The second equipment layer includes a high-voltage equipment area, a medium- and low-voltage equipment area and a secondary relay protection equipment area. The high-voltage equipment area adopts an open top arrangement and is equipped with the main transformer body, high-voltage reactor and GIS equipment.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lower block is a single pile foundation, a jacket foundation, a high pile cap foundation, a suction foundation, a gravity foundation, or a floating foundation.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper module includes a first deck and a second deck located above the first deck to divide it into a first equipment layer and a second equipment layer.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first equipment layer is provided with a temporary living quarters, a spare parts warehouse, an emergency oil tank room, a diesel tank room, a battery room, and a fire-fighting equipment room, with the emergency oil tank room located at the edge of the first equipment layer.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, an oil baffle is provided below the main transformer body and the high-voltage reactor, and the oil baffle is connected to the emergency oil tank room through a pipeline. And / or, a cable interlayer is provided above the first equipment layer and below the second equipment layer, and the second equipment layer is provided with a cable channel.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first equipment layer is provided with a plurality of submarine cable J-shaped tubes; And / or, the first equipment level is provided with evacuation passages and evacuation assembly areas; And / or, cranes are arranged on both sides of the first equipment floor.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, in a top view, the second equipment layer sequentially includes a first side, a second side, a third side and a fourth side, the main transformer body and the high-voltage reactor are arranged in the middle of the second equipment layer, and the GIS equipment is arranged on the first side of the second equipment layer.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, there are two sets of main transformer body and high voltage reactor, which are arranged symmetrically along the center of the second equipment layer. And / or, firewalls are provided between the main transformer body and the high-voltage reactor, as well as around the main transformer body and the high-voltage reactor, and fire doors are provided on the firewalls.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the GIS equipment is a 500kV GIS equipment; there are two sets of 500kV GIS equipment arranged side by side on the first side of the second equipment layer.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the medium and low voltage equipment area is arranged with a GIS compartment, a diesel generator compartment, an emergency power distribution compartment, and a station power distribution compartment, wherein: The GIS compartment and the station power distribution compartment are both located on the third side of the second equipment floor; the diesel generator compartment and the emergency power distribution compartment are located at the connection between the first and fourth sides of the second equipment floor.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the GIS compartment is a 66kV GIS compartment; And / or, the station power distribution compartment is a 10kV station power distribution compartment; And / or, ventilation equipment is provided on the top of the station's power distribution compartment.

[0018] And / or, access panels are provided on the top of both the GIS compartment and the diesel generator compartment.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, two secondary relay protection equipment areas are provided on the second equipment layer, and are located on the second side and the fourth side of the second equipment layer, respectively. Each secondary relay protection equipment area is provided with a secondary relay protection compartment and a battery compartment.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, a main transformer radiator is arranged on the top of each secondary relay protection compartment. And / or, antenna areas are provided on the top of each secondary relay protection compartment and on the top of each battery compartment; And / or, each secondary relay protection equipment area is equipped with a grounding resistor cabinet.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, maintenance and repair channels are provided between the high-voltage equipment area and the medium and low-voltage equipment area, between the high-voltage equipment area and the secondary relay protection equipment area, and around the perimeter of the second equipment layer. And / or, one or more of the following: GIS compartment, diesel generator compartment, emergency power distribution compartment, station power distribution compartment, secondary relay protection compartment and battery compartment, shall be in the form of prefabricated compartment; And / or, cranes are provided on the top of the second side and the top of the fourth side of the second equipment layer.

[0022] The present invention also provides an offshore wind power system, including the above-described open-type double-layer offshore substation.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The open-plan, double-layer offshore substation provided by this invention features a high-voltage equipment area, a medium- and low-voltage equipment area, and a secondary relay protection equipment area on the second equipment layer. The high-voltage equipment area is arranged with an open top, housing the main transformer, high-voltage reactors, and GIS equipment. This open-plan arrangement eliminates the need for a dedicated high-voltage equipment building. Furthermore, the double-layer structure saves space compared to traditional offshore substations with three or more layers, reduces the number of layers, optimizes the overall equipment layout, simplifies the structural design, and reduces the total weight of the offshore substation. Large cranes can be used to lift the main transformer, high-voltage reactors, or GIS equipment from the open area, reducing maintenance difficulty. This design also considers the platform area, weight, construction cost, and construction period of the offshore substation, achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement for offshore wind power projects. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0025] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a double-layer offshore substation provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the first equipment layer in a double-layer offshore substation according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the second equipment layer in a double-layer offshore substation according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the top layer of the second equipment layer in a double-layer offshore substation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Lower Module; 2. Upper Module; 21. First Equipment Layer; 22. Second Equipment Layer; 221. High Voltage Equipment Area; 222. Medium and Low Voltage Equipment Area; 223. Secondary Relay Protection Equipment Area; 224. First Side; 225. Second Side; 226. Third Side; 227. Fourth Side; 23. First Deck; 24. Second Deck; 25. Main Transformer Body; 26. High Voltage Reactor; 27. 500kV GIS Equipment; 28. Temporary Living Quarters; 29. ​​Spare Parts Warehouse; 30. Emergency Oil Tank Room; 31. Diesel Tank Room; 33. Firefighting Equipment Room; 34. Submarine Cable J-Pipe; 35. First Crane; 36. Firewall; 37. Fire Door; 38. 66kV 40. GIS compartment; 41. Diesel generator compartment; 42. Emergency power distribution compartment; 43. Station power distribution compartment; 44. Ventilation equipment; 45. Inspection hole; 46. Secondary relay protection compartment; 47. Battery compartment; 48. Main transformer radiator; 49. Antenna area; 50. Grounding resistor cabinet; 51. Second crane; 52. Cable mezzanine; 53. Evacuation assembly area. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0028] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. The drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0029] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the invention.

[0030] Please see Figures 1-4This invention provides an open-type, double-layer offshore substation, comprising a lower module 1 and an upper module 2. The lower module 1 is used to fix the substation to the seabed. The lower module 1 can adopt various structural forms readily conceived by those skilled in the art. For ease of implementation, in one embodiment of this invention, the lower module 1 can be a monopile foundation, a jacket foundation, a high-pile cap foundation, a suction foundation, a gravity foundation, or a floating foundation. Monopile foundations, jacket foundations, high-pile cap foundations, suction foundations, gravity foundations, and floating foundations all adopt conventional designs in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0031] Please see Figures 1-4 The upper component 2 is fixed to the lower component 1. The upper component 2 includes a first equipment layer 21 and a second equipment layer 22 located above the first equipment layer 21. To facilitate the formation of the first equipment layer 21 and the second equipment layer 22, in one embodiment of the present invention, the upper component 2 may include a first deck 23 and a second deck 24 located above the first deck 23, thereby dividing it into the first equipment layer 21 and the second equipment layer 22. The height and area of ​​the first equipment layer 21 and the second equipment layer 22 can be flexibly set according to actual usage requirements, such as 6m, 7m, 8m, etc.

[0032] Please see Figure 2 In one embodiment of the present invention, the first equipment layer 21 may be equipped with a temporary living quarters 28, a spare parts warehouse 29, an emergency oil tank room 30, a diesel tank room 31, a battery room, and a fire-fighting equipment room 33. The emergency oil tank room 30 is located at the edge of the first equipment layer 21 for easy oil collection and treatment, and the distance between the emergency oil tank room 30 and other compartments meets fire prevention requirements. One or more temporary living quarters 28 may be configured according to actual usage needs.

[0033] Please see Figure 2 In one embodiment of the present invention, the first equipment layer 21 may be provided with a plurality of submarine cable J-shaped pipes 34 for submarine cable introduction. The first equipment layer 21 may be provided with evacuation passages (not shown) and evacuation assembly areas (52) for personnel evacuation in case of an accident and to ensure personnel safety; first cranes 35 may be arranged on both sides of the first equipment layer 21 to facilitate equipment handling and maintenance and for temporary hoisting of small equipment and living supplies.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, a cable interlayer (51) may be provided above the first equipment layer 21 and below the second equipment layer 22 to facilitate cable laying and maintenance; the second equipment layer 22 is provided with a cable channel (not shown) to facilitate cable wiring and maintenance, that is, the second equipment layer 22 is all cable bottom entry, which improves the protection level, safety and construction and maintenance efficiency of the electrical system.

[0035] Please see Figure 3 The second equipment layer 22 includes a high-voltage equipment area 221, a medium- and low-voltage equipment area 222, and a secondary relay protection equipment area 223. The high-voltage equipment area 221 adopts an open-top layout, housing the main transformer body 25, high-voltage reactor 26, and GIS equipment. This open-top arrangement eliminates the need for a dedicated high-voltage equipment workshop, allowing large cranes to lift the main transformer body 25, high-voltage reactor 26, or GIS equipment from the open area, reducing maintenance complexity. This design also considers the platform area, weight, construction cost, and construction period of the offshore substation, achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement for offshore wind power projects. To prevent corrosion in the high-salt-spray environment at sea, the main transformer body 25, high-voltage reactor 26, and GIS equipment all have a corrosion resistance rating of C5-M. In this embodiment, the high-voltage reactor 26 is a reactive power compensation device, mainly used at the end of ultra-high voltage transmission lines and in long-distance transmission lines. It can absorb capacitive reactive power in the power system and prevent excessive power frequency voltage.

[0036] Please see Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, in a top view, the second equipment layer 22 may sequentially include a first side (224), a second side (225), a third side (226), and a fourth side (227) to form a complete planar layout. The main transformer body 25 and the high-voltage reactor 26 can be arranged in the middle of the second equipment layer 22, and the GIS equipment is arranged on the first side (224) of the second equipment layer 22, further optimizing the arrangement of the main transformer body 25, the high-voltage reactor 26, and the GIS equipment, and reducing space occupation.

[0037] Please see Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the main transformer body 25 and the high-voltage reactor 26 can each be two sets. The main transformer body 25 and the high-voltage reactor 26 are arranged symmetrically along the center of the second equipment layer 22 to ensure the reliability and redundancy of the power system.

[0038] Please see Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, firewalls 36 may be provided between the main transformer body 25 and the high-voltage reactor 26, as well as around the main transformer body 25 and the high-voltage reactor 26. Fire doors 37 are provided on the firewalls 36, which takes into account the area and safety performance of the offshore substation platform and improves the safety of the power system. Furthermore, the fire doors 37 can provide easy access to evacuation routes, which greatly improves the safety performance.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, an oil baffle (not shown) may be provided below the main transformer body 25 and the high-voltage reactor 26. The oil baffle is connected to the emergency oil tank 30 through a pipeline and is used to collect any leaked oil. The capacity of the oil baffle is specifically set to be able to hold 20% of the oil volume of the main transformer body.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, the GIS equipment can be a 500kV GIS equipment 27; two sets of 500kV GIS equipment 27 are arranged side by side on the first side (224) of the second equipment layer 22. GIS refers to a high-voltage power distribution device, which can include circuit breakers, busbars, disconnect switches, voltage transformers, current transformers, surge arresters, bushings, and other components. The characteristic of GIS is that all high-voltage electrical components are sealed in a grounded metal cylinder and use sulfur hexafluoride gas as the insulation and arc-extinguishing medium; this design makes GIS have advantages such as small footprint, component sealing unaffected by environmental interference, high operational reliability, convenient operation, long maintenance cycle, low maintenance workload, rapid installation, low operating cost, and no electromagnetic interference.

[0041] Please see Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the medium and low voltage equipment area 222 may be arranged with a GIS compartment, a diesel generator compartment 40, an emergency power distribution compartment 41 and a station power distribution compartment 42, and the GIS compartment and the station power distribution compartment 42 are both arranged on the third side (226) of the second equipment layer 22; the diesel generator compartment 40 and the emergency power distribution compartment 41 are arranged at the connection between the first side (224) and the fourth side (227) of the second equipment layer 22, further optimizing the arrangement of the GIS compartment, the diesel generator compartment 40, the emergency power distribution compartment 41 and the station power distribution compartment 42, and reducing the space occupation.

[0042] Please see Figures 2-4 In one embodiment of the present invention, the GIS compartment can be a 66kV GIS compartment 38, used for the incoming line of the offshore wind power collection line, and can be replaced with a 35kV switch cabinet compartment according to the voltage level of the collection line. The station service distribution compartment 42 can be a 10kV station service distribution compartment 42, used for power distribution within the station. The top of the station service distribution compartment 42 can be equipped with ventilation equipment 43 for temperature and humidity control of the equipment inside the compartment, ensuring the normal operating temperature of the equipment. Both the top of the GIS compartment and the top of the diesel generator compartment 40 can be provided with inspection holes 44, so that the equipment can be lifted out through the inspection holes 44 during maintenance, reducing the difficulty of operation and maintenance. The inspection holes 44 can be provided with openable covers, which can be opened to facilitate maintenance work, and closed to ensure safety.

[0043] Please see Figure 3In one embodiment of the present invention, two secondary relay protection equipment areas 223 may be provided on the second equipment layer 22, and are located on the second side (225) and the fourth side (227) of the second equipment layer 22 respectively. Each secondary relay protection equipment area 223 is provided with a secondary relay protection compartment 45 and a battery compartment 46 to save cables, further optimize the arrangement of the secondary relay protection compartment 45 and the battery compartment 46, and reduce space occupation.

[0044] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, a main transformer heat sink 47 can be arranged on the top of each secondary relay protection compartment 45, that is, the main transformer body 25 and the main transformer heat sink 47 are arranged in a staggered manner. At this time, the main transformer body 25 is arranged on the second equipment layer 22, and the main transformer heat sink 47 is arranged on the top of the secondary relay protection compartment 45, which further saves the platform area and facilitates heat dissipation for the main transformer body 25.

[0045] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, an antenna area 48 may be provided on the top of each secondary relay protection compartment 45 and the top of each battery compartment 46 for communication signal transmission. A grounding resistor cabinet 49 may be arranged in each secondary relay protection equipment area 223 to ensure safe grounding of the system and improve the safety performance of the power system.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, maintenance and repair channels (not shown) may be provided between the high-voltage equipment area 221 and the medium and low-voltage equipment area 222, between the high-voltage equipment area 221 and the secondary relay protection equipment area 223, and around the second equipment layer 22, to facilitate inspection and maintenance.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, one or more of the GIS compartment, diesel generator compartment 40, emergency power distribution compartment 41, station power distribution compartment 42, secondary relay protection compartment 45 and battery compartment 46 are prefabricated. The prefabricated compartments can be installed in the factory and transported to the shipyard for direct assembly after commissioning, which reduces the workload of dock installation and saves the construction cycle of offshore booster stations.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, a second crane 50 may be provided on the top of the second side and the top of the fourth side of the second equipment layer 22. The lifting range of the two cranes covers the main equipment and the compartments, which can meet the hoisting and maintenance needs of various equipment of the offshore substation and further reduce the difficulty of maintenance.

[0049] The present invention also provides an offshore wind power system, including the aforementioned open-type double-layer offshore substation. The structure of the double-layer offshore substation is the same as above, and will not be described again here.

[0050] In this invention, the voltage levels of the high-voltage side of the main transformer can be selected as 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, and 500kV, while the voltage levels of the medium-voltage side can be selected as 35kV and 66kV. Furthermore, the voltage levels of the high-voltage distribution equipment (i.e., GIS equipment) and the medium-voltage distribution equipment (GIS compartment) are matched to the high-voltage and medium-voltage sides of the main transformer, respectively. The high-voltage and medium-voltage distribution equipment can be selected based on the capacity of the offshore wind farm. In this invention, a 500kV GIS equipment is selected for the high-voltage distribution equipment, and a 66kV GIS compartment is selected for the medium-voltage distribution equipment.

[0051] In summary, the open-plan double-layer offshore substation and offshore wind power system of this invention eliminates the need for a high-voltage equipment building. The main transformer, high-voltage reactor, and 500kV GIS equipment are all openly arranged on the second equipment layer. Other equipment can be prefabricated according to their function. Furthermore, the tightly connected medium and low-voltage station equipment (including GIS compartment, diesel generator compartment, emergency power distribution compartment, and station power distribution compartment, etc.) and secondary equipment (including secondary relay protection compartment and battery compartment, etc.) are arranged in groups according to voltage level. This not only reduces the number of compartments but also reduces cable and pipeline crossings and engineering work between functional compartments. Simultaneously, due to the reduction in compartments, the HVAC equipment is also significantly reduced, and the overall number of layers in the substation is optimized to two layers, reducing the height of the offshore substation. The invention reduces the height and platform area, minimizing pipeline engineering and saving on the cost of offshore substations. Compared to traditional offshore substations of the same installed capacity, the proposed technical solution reduces the total height by approximately 29.4%, weight by 15-30%, construction period by about 20%, and overall substation construction cost by about 10%, achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement for offshore wind power projects. Furthermore, through reasonable spatial layout and equipment configuration, it realizes the functions of power collection and voltage boosting in offshore wind farms, providing reliable electrical infrastructure support for the large-scale development and utilization of offshore wind power. This invention is applicable to offshore wind farms with an installed capacity of 200MW or above and two 110kV / 220kV / 330kV / 500kV main transformers, and is suitable for large-capacity offshore wind farms.

[0052] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An open-type, double-layer offshore substation, characterized in that, include: The lower component (1) is used to fix it to the seabed; The upper component (2) is fixed on the lower component (1). The upper component (2) includes a first device layer (21) and a second device layer (22) located above the first device layer (21). The second equipment layer (22) includes a high-voltage equipment area (221), a medium- and low-voltage equipment area (222) and a secondary relay protection equipment area (223). The high-voltage equipment area (221) is arranged with an open top. The high-voltage equipment area (221) is equipped with a main transformer body (25), a high-voltage reactor (26) and GIS equipment (27).

2. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower block (1) is a single pile foundation, a jacket foundation, a high pile cap foundation, a suction foundation, a gravity foundation, or a floating foundation.

3. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper block (2) includes a first deck (23) and a second deck (24) located above the first deck (23) to divide the first equipment layer (21) and the second equipment layer (22).

4. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first equipment layer (21) is equipped with a temporary living cabin (28), a spare parts warehouse (29), an emergency oil tank room (30), a diesel tank room (31), a battery room, and a fire-fighting equipment room (33). The emergency oil tank room (30) is located on the edge of the first equipment layer (21).

5. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 4, characterized in that, An oil baffle is provided below the main transformer body (25) and the high-voltage reactor (26), and the oil baffle is connected to the emergency oil tank room (30) through a pipeline; And / or, a cable interlayer (51) is provided above the first device layer (21) and below the second device layer (22), and the second device layer (22) is provided with a cable channel.

6. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first equipment layer (21) is provided with several submarine cable J-shaped tubes (34); And / or, the first equipment layer (21) is provided with evacuation passages and evacuation assembly areas (52); And / or, a first crane (35) is arranged on both sides of the first equipment layer (21).

7. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, In the top view, the second equipment layer (22) includes a first side (224), a second side (225), a third side (226) and a fourth side (227) in sequence. The main transformer body (25) and the high-voltage reactor (26) are arranged in the middle of the second equipment layer (22), and the GIS equipment is arranged on the first side (224) of the second equipment layer (22).

8. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main transformer body (25) and the high-voltage reactor (26) are both two sets, and the main transformer body (25) and the high-voltage reactor (26) are arranged symmetrically along the center of the second equipment layer (22); And / or, firewalls (36) are provided between the main transformer body (25) and the high-voltage reactor (26), and around the main transformer body (25) and the high-voltage reactor (26), and fire doors (37) are provided on the firewalls (36).

9. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The GIS equipment is a 500kV GIS equipment (27); there are two sets of the 500kV GIS equipment (27) arranged side by side on the first side (224) of the second equipment layer (22).

10. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The medium and low voltage equipment area (222) is equipped with a GIS compartment, a diesel generator compartment (40), an emergency power distribution compartment (41), and a station power distribution compartment (42), wherein: The GIS compartment and the station power distribution compartment (42) are both located on the third side (226) of the second equipment layer (22); the diesel generator compartment (40) and the emergency power distribution compartment (41) are located at the connection between the first side (224) and the fourth side (227) of the second equipment layer (22).

11. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 10, characterized in that, The GIS compartment is a 66kV GIS compartment (38); And / or, the station power distribution compartment (42) is a 10kV station power distribution compartment; And / or, the top of the station power distribution compartment (42) is provided with ventilation equipment (43). And / or, both the top of the GIS compartment and the top of the diesel generator compartment (40) are provided with access holes (44).

12. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second equipment layer (22) is provided with two secondary relay protection equipment areas (223), which are located on the second side (225) and the fourth side (227) of the second equipment layer (22), respectively. Each secondary relay protection equipment area (223) is provided with a secondary relay protection compartment (45) and a battery compartment (46).

13. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 12, characterized in that, Each secondary relay protection compartment (45) is equipped with a main transformer radiator (47) on its top. And / or, each secondary relay protection compartment (45) and each battery compartment (46) is provided with an antenna area (48); And / or, each secondary relay protection equipment area (223) is equipped with a grounding resistor cabinet (49).

14. The open-type double-layer offshore substation according to claim 7, characterized in that, Maintenance and repair channels are provided between the high-voltage equipment area (221) and the medium and low-voltage equipment area (222), between the high-voltage equipment area (221) and the secondary relay protection equipment area (223), and around the second equipment layer (22). And / or, one or more of the GIS compartment, diesel generator compartment (40), emergency power distribution compartment (41), station power distribution compartment (42), secondary relay protection compartment (45) and battery compartment (46) are in the form of prefabricated compartments; And / or, the second crane (50) is provided on the top of the second side and the top of the fourth side of the second equipment layer (22).

15. An offshore wind power system, characterized in that, Includes the open-type double-layer offshore substation as described in any of claims 1 to 14.

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