Wide posture guiding and auxiliary feeding mechanism of sugarcane harvester and sugarcane harvester

Abstract

The invention provides a wide posture guiding and auxiliary feeding mechanism of a sugarcane harvester and the sugarcane harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. In the scheme, according to the wide posture guiding and auxiliary feeding mechanism of the sugarcane harvester and the sugarcane harvester, the chain type posture guiding mechanism and the spiral type posture guiding mechanism are arranged, and the existing method of forcibly folding to a narrow clamping opening is abandoned; a dynamic limiting channel which is wide enough is constructed through a chain type posture guiding mechanism or a spiral type posture guiding mechanism of the active guiding assemblies on the two sides, the harvesting problem in a wide-width planting mode is solved, and the harvester can adapt to a large-ridge double-row planting belt which is 60 cm or above; therefore, stalk breaking and root pulling caused by too fast folding are effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester, as well as the sugarcane harvester itself. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane is a crop that is very difficult to harvest by mechanization. Currently, there are various planting patterns in the main sugarcane producing areas. Double-row planting on wide ridges can effectively increase sugarcane yield while reducing the difficulty of mechanized planting and the risk of crop lodging. However, due to the tillering characteristics of sugarcane, the width of its planting strip often exceeds 60 centimeters, which is difficult to match with the operating specifications of existing sugarcane harvesters. In particular, when applying the "lift-up-vertical conveying" harvesting technology, many technical problems are encountered.

[0003] Existing technologies use clamping devices or posture guidance devices in conjunction with clamping to first gather sugarcane into a narrow area before feeding it into the clamping channel to complete the cutting operation. However, due to insufficient clamping width, the sugarcane is prone to stalk breakage and root uprooting during the clamping process. Furthermore, the clamping and walking speeds need to be matched, making it difficult to match the feeding flow of wide-width harvesting with the clamping flow rate; increasing the clamping speed further exacerbates root uprooting. Existing posture guidance devices have excessive forward and backward tilting, which can cause root uprooting due to jamming of bent sugarcane sections or upward movement after the sugarcane nodes. Therefore, the "clamping before cutting" operation method and the posture guidance method of gathering sugarcane into an excessively narrow area are the core issues preventing existing equipment from adapting to wide-width harvesting. If a "cutting before clamping" harvesting technology is adopted, not only is it necessary to add a sugarcane-supporting structure to optimize the cutting effect during the cutting stage, but also to install an additional guiding mechanism. This mechanism must support the sugarcane during root cutting to prevent it from tilting forward after the root is cut, and also assist the cut sugarcane in smoothly entering the rear clamping device. Therefore, this application provides a wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester, as well as a sugarcane harvester, to meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a wide-range attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester, as well as the sugarcane harvester itself, to solve the technical problem of sugarcane tipping over during existing sugarcane harvesting processes.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A wide-width attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester, and the sugarcane harvester itself, comprising an active guidance component and a drive device, characterized in that a crop feeding channel is provided on one side of the main frame of the cutter, and active guidance components are provided on both sides of the feeding channel. Each active guidance component has an effective working profile protruding towards the longitudinal centerline of the crop feeding channel. The active guidance component is mounted on the main frame of the cutter, and the active guidance component is driven by a drive device. The drive device is used to drive the active guidance component to move, so that the effective working profile forms a dynamic limiting boundary within the crop feeding channel. The effective working profile of the active guidance component is configured to form a unidirectional closed dynamic interception interface within the entire longitudinal section covered by the trajectory of the effective working profile, so that after the sugarcane enters, it can only move backward and cannot pass forward between the left and right guide components. The vertical drop between the center points of the front and rear ends of the longitudinal section is less than 15 cm.

[0007] Optionally, the active guiding component is a chain-type attitude guiding mechanism, which includes a chain body and attitude guiding units. The attitude guiding units are spaced apart on the chain body and include a connecting part and a first extension part. The connecting part is connected to the chain body, and the first extension part is a cantilever structure. The main frame of the cutting table is provided with a driving device that cooperates with the chain body. The driving device is used to drive the chain body to perform cyclical motion. The active guiding component discharges sugarcane in two ways: 1. An auxiliary discharge component is provided at the conveying end of the active guiding component. The auxiliary discharge component has a guide surface facing the crop feeding channel near the centerline. The guide surface has a structure that gradually bulges inward relative to the feeding channel along the conveying direction, so that the attitude guiding unit at the rear end of the chain separates from the sugarcane before the chain body turns and enters the return stroke; 2. The attitude guiding unit folds towards the chain body when it moves to a point no more than the inflection point at the rear end of the chain body.

[0008] Optionally, the structure of the first extension is selected from any one of a plate structure, a rod structure, a frame structure, or an integrally formed irregular structure.

[0009] Optionally, the cantilever structure is a foldable structure, the connecting part is a pivotal connecting structure, the attitude guidance unit is connected to the chain through the connecting part, and can pivot relative to the chain body to achieve folding or unfolding, the attitude guidance unit is provided with a second extension part extending into the inner side of the chain body, the inner side of the chain body is provided with an attitude control rail, the front of the attitude control rail is provided with a tapered guide entrance, and the tapered guide entrance is a tapered structure that narrows from wide to narrow.

[0010] Optionally, the end of the second extension is provided with a roller or a wear-resistant boss at the part that contacts the attitude control guide rail, and a flared guide section is provided on one side of the attitude control guide rail. When the attitude guide unit moves with the chain body to the vicinity of the flared guide section, the second extension is gradually guided onto the attitude control guide rail, thereby causing the cantilever structure to flip from the folded state to the unfolded state.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes a folding trigger disposed on one side of the feeding channel. When the attitude guidance unit runs to the feeding channel near the rear end and the control tail arm body disengages from the attitude control guide rail, the first extension contacts the folding trigger, causing the first extension to fold towards the chain body.

[0012] Optionally, the active guidance component is a helical attitude guidance mechanism, which includes a helical guide structure, a guide rod bracket, and a drive mechanism. The guide rod bracket is installed at the front of the header frame, the helical guide structure is disposed on both sides of the crop feeding channel, the helical guide structure is rotatably mounted on the guide rod bracket, and the drive mechanism is connected to the helical guide structure for driving the helical guide structure to rotate around its axis.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes an axial end face protection and guiding part disposed at the front end of the spiral guide structure. The axial end face protection and guiding part is disposed in the axial central region covering the front end of the spiral guide structure and the outer region away from the center line of the crop feeding channel, thereby forming a restrictive feeding inlet facing the center line of the crop feeding channel, which forces the crop stem to enter the spiral guide profile of the spiral guide structure only from the inner local region of the front end of the spiral guide structure.

[0014] Optionally, for the spiral attitude guidance mechanism, the "substantially closed interception interface" refers to the fact that a gap is reserved between the outer peripheral surface of one spiral guide structure and the outer peripheral surface of the other spiral guide structure, so as to block the stem from passing through while ensuring that the two spiral guide structures do not interfere with each other.

[0015] Optionally, the spiral guide structure has a spiral working profile extending along its axial direction. The structural form of the spiral working profile is selected from one of the following: a spiral solid rod, a shaft with a spiral guide structure, a shaftless spiral, and a spiral space truss. The rotation direction of the effective spiral working profile of the spiral guide structure is: when the spiral guide structures on both sides rotate relative to each other, the part of the profile of the spiral guide structure that contacts the crop generates a rearward conveying component.

[0016] Optionally, the pitch of the foremost spiral profile of the helical guide structure is greater than the pitch of the spiral profiles located behind it.

[0017] Optionally, it also includes: a cutting mechanism, a clamping and conveying mechanism, and a traveling mechanism; the attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism, the cutting mechanism, and the clamping and conveying mechanism are installed sequentially on the traveling mechanism, and the sugarcane harvester adopts an operation mode of first attitude guidance, then cutting, and then clamping and conveying; the clamping and conveying mechanism is used to receive and convey the sugarcane that has been cut and conveyed.

[0018] In the above solution, by setting up a chain-type attitude guidance mechanism and a spiral attitude guidance mechanism, not only is the harvesting problem in wide-row planting mode solved, but this invention also abandons the existing practice of forcibly closing the harvester to a narrow clamping opening. Instead, it constructs a sufficiently wide "dynamic limiting channel" through the active guidance components on both sides: the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism and the spiral attitude guidance mechanism. This allows the harvester to adapt to double-row planting belts with a width of 60 cm or more, thereby effectively avoiding stem breakage and root uprooting caused by excessively rapid closing.

[0019] This device also enhances its adaptability to lodging of stalk crops. By using a chain-type attitude guidance mechanism and a spiral attitude guidance mechanism to limit the horizontal relative movement range and forward and backward lodging angle of sugarcane, it can straighten sugarcane within a larger lodging angle range, thus improving its adaptability to lodging.

[0020] By setting up a feeding channel in the device, this device also stably and effectively prevents the sugarcane from tilting forward after cutting, and is well adapted to the operation mode of cutting first and then clamping. Whether it is the "spatial interlacing" of the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism or the "micro-gap fit" of the spiral attitude guidance mechanism, this device constructs a "closed interception interface" for the stalk in the feeding channel. Compared with attitude guidance devices that use levers, this device more stably blocks the sugarcane that has lost its root support after being cut, preventing it from tilting forward and ensuring that it smoothly enters the clamping and conveying mechanism behind it.

[0021] By incorporating a foldable attitude guidance unit with a chain-type attitude guidance mechanism, the device can achieve high space utilization. While ensuring the working extension length, it significantly reduces the space required for the return stroke, allowing the mechanism to be installed at the front of the compact cutting table body.

[0022] In summary, this device, through its innovative "limiting, cutting, and clamping" operation method, straightens and limits the stalk before cutting, and provides stable support for the stalk during cutting by the posture guidance mechanism. This reduces the breakage rate, improves the cutting effect, and eliminates the risk of root uprooting and breakage caused by the clamping mechanism forcibly pulling the uncut sugarcane towards the middle and upper part of the channel in traditional methods. It also increases the design space for the rear clamping angle, reduces the harvesting loss rate, the breakage rate of ratooned stalks, and the operating resistance of each mechanism, making it better suited for harvesting wide planting strips. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a magnified first-view structural diagram of the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a magnified structural diagram of the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism of the present invention from a second perspective;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the spiral attitude guidance mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the spiral attitude guidance mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] [Figure Labels]

[0029] 10. Walking chassis; 11. Frame; 12. Header main frame; 13. Header body; 14. Clamping and conveying mechanism; 15. Feeding channel; 2. Chain-type attitude guidance mechanism; 21. Attitude guidance unit; 211. Paddle plate; 212. Connecting part; 213. Pin shaft; 214. Control tail boom body; 215. Control tail boom pulley; 22. Chain body; 231. Drive gear; 232. Driven gear; 24. Attitude control guide rail; 2 41. Gradient guide inlet; 25. Folding trigger; 26. Sprocket bracket; 27. Drive motor for chain guide mechanism; 3. Helical attitude guide mechanism; 31. Helical guide structure; 311. Helical rod; 312. Web rod; 32. Support end shaft; 33. Bearing seat; 34. Guide rod bracket; 35. Axial end face protection and guide baffle; 36. Drive motor for helical guide mechanism; 4. Auxiliary discharge assembly; 41. Guide surface. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wide-width attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester, as well as a sugarcane harvester, including the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2, a cutting mechanism, a clamping and conveying mechanism 14, and a traveling chassis 10. The chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2, the cutting mechanism, and the clamping and conveying mechanism 14 are sequentially mounted on the traveling chassis 10. A frame 11 is mounted on the traveling chassis 10. The cutting mechanism consists of a header main frame 12 and a header body 13. A collection mechanism (such as...) is provided on one side of the header main frame 12. Figure 1 The rightmost square part), the cutting mechanism, the clamping and conveying mechanism 14, the collecting mechanism, and the walking chassis 10 are all existing mature technologies. Their working principles and specific structures will not be described in detail here. Taking the side of the device that is moving as the front and the other side as the rear, the clamping and conveying mechanism 14 is used to receive and convey the sugarcane that has been cut and then conveyed. The main frame 12 of the header and the header body 13 are installed on the walking chassis 10. The harvester adopts the operation sequence of "first attitude guidance, then cutting, and then clamping and conveying". The chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2 is installed in the feeding channel 15 on the front side of the main frame 12 of the header, located above the front of the header body 13. The chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2 is used to guide the attitude of the sugarcane and convey it stably before it is cut. After cutting, it prevents the sugarcane from falling over and leaking and guides the sugarcane smoothly to the clamping and conveying mechanism 14 at the rear.

[0033] Furthermore, the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2 includes a chain body 22 that rotates in a circular motion, a driving gear 231, a driven gear 232, a drive motor 27 for the chain guidance mechanism, an attitude control guide rail 24, a folding trigger 25, and several attitude guidance units 21 spaced apart on the chain body 22; each attitude guidance unit 21 is mounted on the chain body 22 via a connecting part 212, and includes a lever 211 extending laterally into the feed channel 15 as a first extension; a pin 213 is mounted on the connecting part 212, and the height of the chain body 22 on both sides of the feed channel 15 is... The difference causes the ends of the two chain bodies 22 to intersect in space near the longitudinal center plane of the channel when they operate synchronously. Their ends extend to the end of the opposite side of the deflector 211, and the ends of the same side deflector 211 remain consistent with the ends of the opposite side deflector 211. This "zipper"-like interlocking structure forms a dynamic fence that is essentially closed to the sugarcane in the center of the feeding channel 15. When the deflector 211 is deformed by force, the gap in the middle of both sides of the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2 is smaller than the diameter of the sugarcane, and the sugarcane cannot tilt forward and leak out after entering it.

[0034] Furthermore, to address the issues of the large space occupied by the deflector plate 211 on the outer section of the chain body 22 during the return stroke of the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2, which could easily damage crops and interfere with other mechanisms, this embodiment adopts a folding design, such as... Figure 2As shown, each attitude guidance unit 21 is hinged to the connecting part 212 via a pin 213. It also includes a control tail arm body 214 located inside the chain body 22 as a second extension. A control tail arm pulley 215 is provided on the control tail arm body 214 for sliding contact with the attitude control guide rail 24. The attitude control guide rail 24 is located inside the chain body 22 loop. A sprocket bracket 26 is mounted on the main frame 12 of the cutting table, and the attitude control guide rail 24 is fixed to the sprocket bracket 26. During operation, the attitude guidance unit 21 is folded and unfolded via the attitude control guide rail 24. During the working stroke towards the inside of the feeding channel 15, the attitude control guide rail 24 is parallel to the chain body 22. When the attitude guidance unit 21 reaches the inner feeding section of the working stroke, the control tail arm pulley 215 slides against the attitude control guide rail 24, forcing the control tail arm body 214 to maintain a specific angle. The attitude guide unit 21 locks the lever 211 in the unfolded state, guiding the sugarcane's posture within the working stroke. The folding trigger 25 is preferably a pulley, arranged behind the chain body 22 on both sides and fixed to the main frame 12 of the cutting table. When the attitude guide unit 21 runs to the driven gear 232 at the rear end of the mechanism, it enters the return stage, controlling the tail arm body 214 to disengage from the attitude control guide rail 24. At this time, through the collision action of the folding trigger 25, the lever 211 is pushed to flip and retract around the hinge pin 213, parallel to the chain body 22, to enter the return stroke, thereby reducing space occupation. The front outer side of the attitude control guide rail 24 is provided with a tapered guide inlet 241 with an opening facing the rear of the feeding channel 15. When the attitude guide unit 21 runs to the front end again, the tapered guide inlet 241 captures and controls the tail arm body 214, lifting it up, causing the lever 211 to flip around the hinge pin 213 and re-enter the unfolded state.

[0035] Furthermore, an auxiliary discharge component 4 is provided at the end of the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2. The auxiliary discharge component 4 has a guide surface 41 facing the inside of the feeding channel 15. The shape is characterized by gradually bulging inward along the conveying direction, so that when the attitude guidance unit 21 moves to the end of the mechanism, the deflector 211 can always maintain a large angle with the guide surface 41, so as to smoothly "peel" the sugarcane from the movement trajectory of the deflector 211 and push it towards the bite of the rear clamping roller, preventing the sugarcane from being pulled back or stuck at the end.

[0036] Alternatively, the auxiliary discharge group can be replaced by shortening the attitude control guide rail 24 before the rear driven gear 232, ending the sliding contact with the control tail arm pulley 215 in advance, and adding a cover plate to the driven gear 232 in the direction of the channel to trigger the paddle plate 211 to flip and retract in advance, so as to prevent the sugarcane from being carried back.

[0037] Alternatively, although a folding structure is a preferred approach, reducing the space occupied by the chain body 22 and sprocket assembly in the feeding channel 15 as in a non-folding structure, a wide-range posture guidance function can still be achieved even without a folding structure. Optionally, the heights of the chain bodies 22 on both sides can be the same. By using an asymmetrical shape of the deflector plates 211, the height difference between the ends of the deflector plates 211 on both sides can be maintained. When subjected to the forward thrust of the sugarcane, the deflector plates 211 will tilt slightly forward, but the spacing of the deflector plates 211 and the staggered design of the ends of the deflector plates 211 on both sides can still ensure that the sugarcane does not leak forward and that the deflector plates 211 on both sides can operate smoothly without interference. When the rigidity of the deflector plates 211 and the chain body 22 is high, and there is a gap between the deflector plates 211 on both sides, and the tilting under working force will not cause the sugarcane stalk to leak forward, the height difference between the ends of the deflector plates 211 on both sides can be omitted.

[0038] Optionally, the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2 can also be connected to the harvester chassis 10 via an independent support structure other than the header main frame 12, as long as the guide components are located on both sides of the header feeding channel 15 after installation.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, components that are the same as or corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 are referred to using the same reference numerals as in Embodiment 1. For simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 will be described below. The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is as follows:

[0041] Embodiments of the present invention provide a wide-width attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester, as well as a sugarcane harvester, including a spiral attitude guidance mechanism 3. The spiral attitude guidance mechanism 3 includes a spiral guide structure 31, a support end shaft 32, a bearing seat 33, a guide rod bracket 34, an axial end face protection and guide baffle 35, a drive motor 36 for the spiral guidance mechanism, and a transmission assembly. The spiral attitude guidance mechanism 3 extends longitudinally along the crop feeding channel 15, and is rotatably mounted on guide rods on both sides via the support end shaft 32. On the rod support 34, the guide rod support 34 is fixed to the main frame 12 of the front header of the harvester frame. The spiral guide structure 31 adopts a spatial spiral truss structure to ensure torsional and bending resistance and overall lightweight. Specifically, the spatial spiral truss is composed of three spiral rods 311. Every two spiral rods are connected by web rods 312 at equal intervals in a zigzag pattern. Preferably, a "three-sided staggered zigzag" connection method is adopted. The distance between the connection points of the web rods 312 and the same screw rod 311 on different surfaces is about one-third of the length of the web rod 312.

[0042] Furthermore, to better accommodate lodged sugarcane, the installation axis of the spiral guide structure 31 is preferably inclined with a "lower front and higher rear" orientation, and its inclination angle is set to a supplementary angle smaller than the spiral lead angle, so that the front end of the spiral can be closer to the ground, expanding the gripping range for the forward-leaning lodged sugarcane; the spiral guide structure 31 has a spiral profile extending along the axial direction; the spiral guide structure 31 preferably adopts a variable pitch design, specifically, the introductory section profile at the very front of the spiral guide structure 31 adopts a larger pitch to further expand the gripping range for the forward-leaning lodged sugarcane and to allow the sugarcane to enter the inner side of the spiral guide structure 31 more smoothly to avoid blockage; the conveying section at the middle and rear of the spiral guide structure 31 adopts a smaller pitch to provide a denser and more stable lateral constraint force after the stalk is straightened.

[0043] When the spiral guide mechanism drives the two spiral guide structural members 31 on both sides to rotate relative to each other using the drive motor 36, the guide rod support 34 contacts the sugarcane and generates two component forces: one is a backward axial thrust to assist the sugarcane feeding; the other is a lateral straightening force pointing towards the center of the channel to limit the sugarcane's left and right swaying. To prevent the cut sugarcane from tilting forward, the spacing between the two spiral guide structural members 31 on both sides is designed to be compact in the lateral direction. Specifically, only a small gap (e.g., 15-20mm, smaller than the average diameter of the sugarcane) is reserved between the outer circumference of the left spiral and the outer circumference of the right spiral. This gap constitutes a "virtually closed interception interface," which not only ensures that the two spirals do not interfere with each other, but also acts like a wall to block the sugarcane that has lost its root support after being cut, forcing it to tilt backward toward the conveying channel instead of tilting forward.

[0044] Axial end face protection and guide baffles 35 are installed at the frontmost ends of both sides of the spiral guide structure 31 to shield the outer portion of the support end shaft 32 and the spiral guide structure 31, and to prevent sugarcane from entering from the outer spiral of the spiral guide structure 31. It should be noted that the axial end face protection and guide baffles 35 can also be selected from one or more of the following structures: an independent blocking member installed on the header body 13, a partial structure integrally formed with the guide rod bracket 34, a partial structure integrally formed with the rotating mounting structure, and a partial structure integrally formed with the extension of the header main frame 12. The rotating mounting structure refers to the bearing seat 33 at the front end of the spiral guide rod bracket 34, or other structures capable of rotating installation. Regardless of the structure of the axial end face protection and guide baffles 35, as long as they can cover the axis and outer area of ​​the spiral front end, forcing the crop to enter the effective range of the spiral guide structure 31 only from the inside, they fall within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0045] In summary, this invention, through the aforementioned structure, utilizes the actively moving chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2 and the spiral attitude guidance mechanism 3 to construct dynamic limiting boundaries on both sides of the feeding channel 15. This not only solves the harvesting problem of wide-row sugarcane but also fundamentally addresses the issue of sugarcane falling to the ground and leaking after cutting within the moderate lodging range in the "cut first" process by constructing a closed interception interface. Furthermore, the sugarcane harvester provided in this embodiment, through the movement of the attitude guidance mechanism and the adoption of the "limit first, then cut, then clamp" operation sequence, limits the lodging angle of sugarcane before and after root cutting, thus... This invention fundamentally avoids the risk of root uprooting caused by the clamping and conveying mechanism 14 pulling on uncut sugarcane, while enabling the harvester to harvest moderately lodged sugarcane, enhancing the harvester's adaptability and reducing the loss rate and root breakage rate of machine-harvested sugarcane. In addition, the embodiment of this invention provides a whole-stalk harvester, but in reality, the cutting harvester only adds the cutting and impurity removal steps compared to the whole-stalk harvester. Both types of machines have common mechanical operation requirements in the material guidance and conveying stage before sugarcane cutting. Therefore, the posture guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism provided by this invention can also be used in cutting sugarcane harvesters.

[0046] The wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for the sugarcane harvester provided by this invention, as well as the working process of the sugarcane harvester, are as follows:

[0047] In use, this mechanism serves as a wide-range attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for sugarcane harvesters. Its core principle follows the operational sequence of first attitude guidance and limiting, then cutting, and finally clamping and conveying. Through two interchangeable attitude guidance mechanisms—chain-type and spiral-type—dynamic limiting boundaries and a substantially closed interception interface are constructed on both sides of the feeding channel 15. This mechanism is positioned close to the horizontal plane, with a front-to-back center point drop of no more than 15 centimeters. Working in conjunction with the cutting mechanism and clamping and conveying mechanism 14, it achieves stable guidance for wide-range planting and moderately lodged sugarcane, prevents lodging and leakage after cutting, and avoids problems such as root pulling and root breakage. Ultimately, it smoothly guides the crop to the subsequent clamping and conveying stage. The working principles and overall collaborative logic of the two types of guidance mechanisms are as follows:

[0048] The chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2 works as follows: Installed within the feed channel 15 and above the front of the cutter body 13, the chain-type attitude guidance mechanism 2 consists of a chain body 22, a sprocket assembly, an attitude guidance unit 21, and a trajectory control component. Through the unfolding / folding cyclic movement of the guidance unit, dynamic guidance and space optimization are achieved. The specific working process is as follows: Unfolding guidance: The chain guidance mechanism uses a drive motor 27 to drive the chain bodies 22 on both sides of the channel to rotate synchronously in a cyclic manner. The attitude control guide rail 24 and the chain body 22 in the working stroke section... Parallel, its front-end tapered guide inlet 241 captures the control tail arm body 214 of the attitude guidance unit 21 and lifts it up, forcing the lever 211 to unfold around the pin 213 and extend laterally into the channel; when the chain bodies 22 on both sides are running, the ends of the lever 211 form a zipper-like interlocking space on the longitudinal center plane of the channel, with the middle gap being smaller than the diameter of the crop, constructing a practically closed dynamic fence, which guides and stabilizes the crop before cutting, and at the same time slowly conveys it backward with the movement of the chain body 22 to prevent the crop from tilting forward. Folding return: When the attitude guidance unit 21 runs to the driven gear 232 at the rear end of the mechanism and enters the return stroke, the control tail arm body 214 disengages from the attitude control guide rail 24, and the folding trigger 25 collides with the control tail arm body 214, pushing the lever 211 to flip and retract around the pin 213, keeping parallel with the chain body 22 to complete the return stroke, greatly reducing space occupation and avoiding damage to the crop and interference with other mechanisms. Cyclic Reset: When the retracted posture guide unit 21 moves to the front end of the mechanism along with the chain body 22, it is captured again by the gradually narrowing guide inlet 241. The control tail arm body 214 is lifted, causing the lever 211 to unfold again, restoring the working state and realizing continuous cyclic guidance. End Discharge: The auxiliary discharge component 4 at the end of the mechanism is provided with a guide surface 41 that gradually protrudes inward along the conveying direction. When the posture guide unit 21 moves to the end, the lever 211 and the guide surface 41 always maintain a large angle, smoothly separating the crop from the movement trajectory of the lever 211; or by shortening the posture control guide rail 24 to before the rear driven gear 232, it disengages from the sliding contact with the control tail arm pulley 215 in advance, and a cover plate is set on the driven gear 232 in the direction of the channel to trigger the lever 211 to flip and retract in advance, accurately pushing it to the rear clamping port to prevent the crop from being pulled back or jammed, and completing the connection with the subsequent mechanism. Without the folding structure, the lever plate 211 is rigidly connected to the chain body 22. Under the thrust of the crop, the chain body 22 tilts slightly forward. Relying on the spacing of the lever plate 211 and the staggered design of the ends on both sides, the basic wide-range guiding function of preventing forward tilting and leakage and eliminating operational interference can still be achieved.

[0049] Working principle of spiral attitude guidance mechanism 3: Spiral attitude guidance mechanism 3 is a replacement structure for chain mechanism. It is installed longitudinally along the feeding channel 15 and adopts a spatial spiral truss structure. It generates bidirectional force through the relative rotation of the two spirals on both sides to achieve crop straightening, pushing and preventing lodging. The spiral guide structure 31 consists of three spiral rods 311 and zigzag web rods 312 to form a spatial spiral truss, which takes into account both torsional and bending resistance and lightweight. The whole is installed with a "lower front and higher back" inclination angle, which is less than the supplementary angle of the spiral lead angle. The front end is close to the ground to expand the gripping range of forward-leaning crops. At the same time, it adopts a variable pitch design. The large pitch of the front introduction section facilitates smooth crop feeding and prevents blockage. The small pitch of the middle and rear conveying section provides dense and stable lateral constraint force for the straightened crops. Straightening and Pushing: The spiral guide mechanism uses a drive motor 36 to drive the spiral guide structure 31 on both sides of the channel to rotate relative to each other through a transmission assembly. When the spiral surface contacts the crop, two components are generated: one is a backward axial thrust, which pushes the crop to the rear of the channel and assists in feeding; the other is a lateral straightening force pointing towards the center of the channel, which restricts the left and right swaying of the crop and realizes rapid straightening and posture stabilization of lodged crops. Anti-Lodging Interception: Only a 15-20mm small gap (less than the average diameter of the crop) is reserved on the outer circumference of the spiral guide structure 31 on both sides, which creates a practically closed interception interface. This ensures that there is no interference between the spirals on both sides and effectively blocks the crop that has lost its root support after cutting, forcing the crop to only be transported to the rear of the channel and lodging, fundamentally avoiding forward tilting and leakage after cutting. Precise Feeding: An axial end face protection and guide baffle 35 is installed at the front end of the spiral guide structure 31 to block the spiral axis, the support end shaft 32 and the outer area, forcing the crop to only interact with the spiral contour of the spiral guide structure 31 towards the inside of the channel.

[0050] The above solution, through active dynamic guidance and the "limiting before cutting" operation sequence, not only solves the harvesting problem of wide-row sugarcane, but also limits the lodging angle of the crop before and after root cutting, avoiding the risk of root pulling caused by the clamping and conveying mechanism 14 pulling the uncut crop. At the same time, it is suitable for harvesting moderately lodged crops, greatly enhancing the harvester's operational adaptability and reducing the crop loss rate and root breakage rate. Moreover, the technical solution of this mechanism is not only applicable to whole-stalk harvesters, but also to cutting-type stalk harvesters, meeting the common operational needs of material guidance and conveying before cutting for both types of machines.

[0051] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester, comprising an active guidance component and a drive device, characterized in that, The mechanism is mounted on the main frame of the header, with a crop feeding channel at the front. Its working range is independent of other conveying mechanisms on the harvester, allowing it to smoothly guide sugarcane towards the header. Active guide components are located on both sides of the feeding channel, each with an effective working profile protruding towards the longitudinal centerline of the crop feeding channel. A drive device is connected to each active guide component, driving its movement to create a dynamic limiting boundary within the crop feeding channel. The effective working profile of the active guide component is configured to form a unidirectional closed dynamic interception interface within the entire longitudinal section covered by its trajectory, preventing stalks from passing between the left and right guide components. The vertical drop between the center points of the front and rear ends of the longitudinal section is less than 15 centimeters.

2. The wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active guidance component is a chain-type attitude guidance mechanism, which includes a chain body and attitude guidance units. The attitude guidance units are spaced apart on the chain body. Each attitude guidance unit includes a connecting part and a first extension part. The connecting part is connected to the chain body, and the first extension part is a cantilever structure. The main frame of the cutting table is equipped with a drive device that cooperates with the chain body. The drive device is used to drive the chain body to perform cyclical motion. The active guiding component discharges sugarcane in two ways: First, an auxiliary discharge component is set at the end of the active guiding component. The auxiliary discharge component has a guide surface facing the crop feeding channel near the centerline. The guide surface has a structure that gradually bulges inward relative to the feeding channel along the conveying direction. Second, the attitude guiding unit folds towards the chain body when it moves to a point no more than the inflection point at the rear end of the chain body.

3. The wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that, The structural form of the first extension is selected from any one of the following: plate structure, rod structure, frame structure, or integrally formed irregular structure.

4. The wide-angle posture guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cantilever structure is a foldable structure, the connecting part is a pivotal connecting structure, the attitude guidance unit is connected to the chain through the connecting part and can pivot relative to the chain body to achieve folding or unfolding, the attitude guidance unit is provided with a second extension part extending into the inner side of the chain body, the inner side of the chain body is provided with an attitude control rail, the front part of the attitude control rail is provided with a tapered guide entrance, the tapered guide entrance is a tapered structure that gets narrower from wide to narrow.

5. The wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the second extension is provided with a roller or wear-resistant boss at the part that contacts the attitude control guide rail. One side of the attitude control guide rail is provided with a flared guide section. When the attitude guide unit moves with the chain body to the vicinity of the flared guide section, the second extension is gradually guided onto the attitude control guide rail, thereby causing the cantilever structure to flip from the folded state to the unfolded state.

6. The wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a folding trigger on one side of the feeding channel. When the attitude guidance unit moves to the feeding channel near the rear end and the control tail arm body disengages from the attitude control guide rail, the first extension contacts the folding trigger, causing the first extension to fold towards the chain body.

7. The wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active guidance component is a helical attitude guidance mechanism, which includes a helical guide structure, a guide rod support, and a drive mechanism. The helical guide structure has a helical working profile extending along its axial direction. The structural form of the helical working profile is selected from one of the following: a helical solid rod, a shaft with a helical guide structure, a shaftless helix, or a helical space truss. The effective helical working profile of the helical guide structure has the following rotation direction: when the two helical guide structures on both sides rotate relative to each other, the part of the profile of the helical guide structure that contacts the crop generates a rearward conveying component. The guide rod support is installed at the front of the main frame of the cutter. The helical guide structure is located on both sides of the crop feeding channel. The helical guide structure is rotatably mounted on the guide rod support. The drive mechanism is connected to the helical guide structure and is used to drive the helical guide structure to rotate around its axis. A gap is reserved between the outer peripheral surfaces of the two helical guide structures to prevent the stem from passing through while ensuring that the two helical guide structures do not interfere with each other.

8. The wide-angle attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes an axial end face protection and guiding part disposed at the front end of the spiral guide structure. The axial end face protection and guiding part is disposed in the axial central region covering the front end of the spiral guide structure and the outer region away from the center line of the crop feeding channel, thereby forming a restrictive feeding inlet facing the center line of the crop feeding channel, which forces the crop stem to enter the spiral guide profile of the spiral guide structure only from the inner local region of the front end of the spiral guide structure.

9. The wide-angle posture guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pitch of the foremost spiral profile of the helical guide structure is greater than the pitch of the spiral profiles located behind it.

10. A sugarcane harvester, comprising the wide-width attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism for a sugarcane harvester as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It also includes a cutting mechanism, a clamping and conveying mechanism, and a traveling mechanism; the attitude guidance and auxiliary feeding mechanism, the cutting mechanism, and the clamping and conveying mechanism are installed sequentially on the traveling mechanism. The sugarcane harvester adopts an operation mode of first attitude guidance, then cutting, and then clamping and conveying; the clamping and conveying mechanism is used to receive and convey the sugarcane that has been cut and then conveyed.

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