Aircraft fire extinguishing liquid drop characteristic controllable simulation experiment device and simulation control method

Abstract

The invention provides a simulation experiment device with controllable fire extinguishing droplet characteristics of an aircraft and a simulation control method. A fire behavior monitoring system determines target data corresponding to each fire extinguishing agent droplet characteristic based on detected parameter change data and set different fire extinguishing agent droplet characteristics; the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system mixes the corresponding target fire extinguishing agent dosage and the water dosage based on the fire extinguishing agent mixing proportion of each piece of target data to obtain a mixed fire extinguishing agent; and the mixed fire extinguishing agent sequentially passes through target nozzles of the spraying system, so that the mixed fire extinguishing agent is converted into a liquid drop group with the target liquid drop particle size and speed based on the preset pressure and the target nozzles, and the liquid drop group is controlled to fall onto the combustion platform. The characteristics of droplet groups in different flight parameter states during fire extinguishing and sprinkling of an aircraft are simulated, and the particle size and speed of fire extinguishing agent droplets are accurately and independently regulated and controlled according to the characteristics of different fire extinguishing agent droplets and detected parameter change data of fire behaviors, so that the experiment effect of forest fire suppression by aerial fire extinguishing agent droplet sprinkling is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire safety technology, and in particular to a simulation experimental device and simulation control method for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets. Background Technology

[0002] Forest fires, as a frequent natural disaster worldwide, are characterized by their suddenness, rapid spread, and difficulty in being extinguished, seriously threatening ecological security and the safety of people's lives and property.

[0003] In recent years, with global climate change and the expansion of human activities, the frequency and intensity of forest fires have shown a significant upward trend, and the burned area per incident has been increasing year by year. Among various firefighting methods, aerial firefighting (including helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, etc.) has become a core force for controlling initial fires and fighting fires in remote areas due to its excellent mobility and rapid response capabilities, as well as its flexibility in coordinating with ground firefighting forces.

[0004] In aerial firefighting, aircraft directly drop extinguishing agents (water or flame retardants). After being dropped, the extinguishing agents break into small droplets under the influence of gravity and air shear forces, and fall onto the fire site to suppress or extinguish the fire by inhibiting the flames and wetting and cooling the combustibles. However, due to the high cost, poor controllability, and difficulty in measuring and characterizing the droplet characteristics of full-scale experimental methods for direct aircraft-dropped extinguishing agents, the experimental results of existing aerial-dropped extinguishing agent droplets on forest fire suppression are not good. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a simulation experimental device and simulation control method for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets, in order to solve the problems of poor experimental effect of aircraft-dropped fire extinguishing agent droplets on forest fire suppression in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a simulation experimental device for controllable characteristics of fire extinguishing droplets in aircraft. The device includes: a combustion platform, a fire extinguishing agent dosage control system, a spraying system, and a fire monitoring system.

[0008] The spray system is located above the combustion platform and is connected to the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system.

[0009] The fire monitoring system is installed at a preset position at the end of the combustion platform;

[0010] The fire monitoring system detects parameter changes in fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform; based on the parameter changes and the set characteristics of different extinguishing agent droplets, it determines the target data corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic, wherein the target data includes fire size, extinguishing agent mixing data, and the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to the extinguishing agent droplet characteristics;

[0011] The fire extinguishing agent dosage control system, based on the target data corresponding to the characteristics of each fire extinguishing agent droplet, mixes the corresponding target fire extinguishing agent dosage and water dosage according to the fire extinguishing agent mixing data to obtain a mixed fire extinguishing agent;

[0012] The fire extinguishing agent dosage control system sequentially passes the mixed fire extinguishing agent through the target nozzles of the spray system. Based on the preset pressure and the target nozzles, the mixed fire extinguishing agent is converted into a group of droplets with target droplet size and target droplet velocity, and then falls onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity.

[0013] Optionally, the combustion platform includes a truss, a fireproof plate, and a fuel bed;

[0014] The fireproof board is installed on the truss, and a fuel bed is laid on top of the fireproof board;

[0015] The fuel bed is composed of forest combustibles;

[0016] The truss is used to support the fireproof board and the fuel bed;

[0017] The fireproof board is used for fire prevention.

[0018] Optionally, the extinguishing agent dosage control system includes: a control box, a water tank, a water pump, an extinguishing agent mixing device, a flow meter, and a solenoid valve;

[0019] The water tank is connected to the inlet of the water pump via a first pipe;

[0020] The outlet of the water pump is connected to the sprinkler system via a second pipe;

[0021] The second pipeline is sequentially equipped with a fire extinguishing agent mixing device, a flow meter, and a solenoid valve;

[0022] The control box is wirelessly connected to the water pump, the flow meter, and the solenoid valve, respectively.

[0023] The flow meter is used to monitor the instantaneous and cumulative flow of the mixed extinguishing agent flowing through the pipeline in real time and to provide feedback to the control box.

[0024] The solenoid valve is used to receive control signals from the control box to turn the sprinkler system off or on.

[0025] Optionally, the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system is further equipped with a fire extinguishing agent concentration tank;

[0026] The fire extinguishing agent concentration tank is connected to the fire extinguishing agent mixing equipment via a pipeline.

[0027] Optionally, the fire monitoring system includes a video recording system, a thermocouple array, an infrared thermal imager, and a heat flow meter;

[0028] The video recording system is installed on the side of the combustion platform to record the fire extinguishing process.

[0029] The thermocouple array consists of multiple thermocouples, and the thermocouple array is distributed in the space above the fuel platform of the combustion platform and / or on the surface of the fuel platform;

[0030] The infrared thermal imager is located on the side of the combustion platform;

[0031] Both the infrared thermal imager and the thermocouple array are used to measure the temperature changes on the surface and inside of the fuel bed during the fire extinguishing process.

[0032] The heat flow meter is installed in a preset area on the surface of the fuel bed to detect the radiant heat flux of the fire during the fire extinguishing process.

[0033] Optionally, the spray system includes a nozzle sliding module and a nozzle;

[0034] The nozzle is installed inside the nozzle sliding module;

[0035] The nozzle sliding module is used to move or be fixed arbitrarily within the area above the combustion platform, and is used to switch nozzles or adjust the spray angle of the nozzles.

[0036] Optionally, a high-speed camera system consisting of a high-speed camera and a high-intensity light source for measurement is also included;

[0037] The high-speed camera is installed on the outer side of the end of the combustion platform and is used to capture the size and velocity of the extinguishing agent droplets under different target nozzles and preset pressures when the combustion platform is not in a combustion state.

[0038] The high-intensity light source is positioned at a preset distance from the high-speed camera to assist in capturing and acquiring droplet characteristic data.

[0039] Optionally, the device further includes: a slope adjustment system;

[0040] The slope adjustment system is located below the combustion platform and is used to support and change the angle and shape of the fuel bed in the combustion platform.

[0041] Optionally, the device further includes: an environmental wind field system;

[0042] The environmental wind farm system is a fan array consisting of multiple axial flow fans;

[0043] The environmental wind field system is located on the side of the combustion platform.

[0044] A second aspect of this invention discloses a simulation control method applied to the simulation experimental apparatus for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets as described in any of the first aspects of this invention. The method includes:

[0045] The fire monitoring system detects changes in parameters such as fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform. Based on these parameter changes and the set characteristics of different extinguishing agent droplets, the system determines the target data corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic. The target data includes fire size, extinguishing agent mixing data, and the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to the extinguishing agent droplet characteristics.

[0046] The extinguishing agent dosage control system, based on the target data corresponding to the characteristics of each extinguishing agent droplet, mixes the corresponding target extinguishing agent dosage and water dosage according to the extinguishing agent mixing data to obtain a mixed extinguishing agent;

[0047] The fire extinguishing agent dosage control system sequentially passes the mixed fire extinguishing agent through the target nozzles of the spray system. Based on the preset pressure and the target nozzles, the mixed fire extinguishing agent is converted into a group of droplets with target droplet size and target droplet velocity, and then falls onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity.

[0048] Based on the above embodiments of the present invention, a simulation experimental device and simulation control method for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets are provided. The device includes: a combustion platform, a fire extinguishing agent dosage control system, a spray system, and a fire monitoring system; the spray system is located above the combustion platform and is connected to the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system; the fire monitoring system is located at a preset position at the end of the combustion platform; the fire monitoring system detects parameter changes in fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform; based on the parameter change data and the set different fire extinguishing agent droplet characteristics, target data corresponding to each fire extinguishing agent droplet characteristic is determined, wherein... The target data includes fire size, extinguishing agent mixing data, and the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to the characteristics of the extinguishing agent droplets. The extinguishing agent dosage control system, for each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic corresponding to the target data, mixes the corresponding target extinguishing agent dosage and water dosage based on the extinguishing agent mixing data to obtain a mixed extinguishing agent. The extinguishing agent dosage control system sequentially passes the mixed extinguishing agent through the target nozzles of the sprinkler system, and converts the mixed extinguishing agent into a group of droplets with target droplet size and target droplet velocity based on the preset pressure and the target nozzles, and the droplets fall onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity. In this embodiment of the invention, the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic are determined by using parameter change data of fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform and setting different extinguishing agent droplet characteristics. This enables precise and independent control of the extinguishing agent droplet size, velocity, and falling momentum. The fire intensity corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic and the extinguishing agent mixing data are determined, and then the corresponding mixed extinguishing agent is determined. This allows for the quantitative correlation between droplet characteristics, delivery volume, and fire suppression degree, enabling experiments to be conducted. This research aims to study the forest fire suppression law of aerial extinguishing agent droplets, thereby improving the experimental effect of aerial extinguishing agent droplets on forest fire suppression. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a simulation experimental device for controlling the characteristics of fire extinguishing droplets in aircraft, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combustion platform structure shown in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the simulation experimental device for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the analog control method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0056] It should be noted that the descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., in this invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0057] In this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0058] As can be seen from the background technology, among the research methods for aerial fire extinguishing agent spraying, (1) the full-scale experimental method of direct aerial fire extinguishing agent spraying is costly, has poor controllability, and is difficult to measure and characterize droplet characteristic parameters; (2) the spray fire extinguishing simulation experimental device is mostly aimed at building fires, and does not adequately consider the fire environment (topography, combustibles, wind speed, etc.) and fire line spread scenarios of forest fires; (3) it mainly considers the engineering parameters such as the spray pressure and angle of fire extinguishing agents in building fire extinguishing, and lacks methods for measuring and characterizing the characteristics of fire extinguishing agent droplet size, velocity, momentum, etc.; (4) it focuses more on whether the fire is extinguished or not, and lacks quantitative measurement of the fire suppression effect. Therefore, it cannot be used to carry out research on the suppression law of forest fire by aerial fire extinguishing agent droplets.

[0059] To address the aforementioned technical bottlenecks in experiments, this invention proposes a forest fire aerial suppression simulation experimental device with controllable extinguishing agent droplet characteristics. This device simulates droplet characteristics under different spraying conditions and controls extinguishing agent mixing data for different fire intensities. By collecting parameter changes at the fire site during spraying, the extinguishing state of the sprayed fire is determined. For different fire intensities, the required extinguishing dosage under specific droplet characteristics or the safe control level of a specific extinguishing agent mixture with specific droplet characteristics is determined. This enables precise and independent control of extinguishing agent droplet size, velocity, and falling momentum. Furthermore, by combining precise control of the total extinguishing agent volume with environmental simulations such as slope and wind speed, and quantifying the fire decay process through a fire monitoring system, the droplet characteristics, delivery volume, and degree of fire suppression are quantitatively correlated. Experiments are conducted to study the forest fire suppression mechanism of aerial extinguishing agent droplets.

[0060] See Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a simulation experimental device for controlling the characteristics of fire extinguishing droplets in aircraft, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] The simulation experimental device for controlling the characteristics of fire extinguishing droplets in aircraft includes a combustion platform 10, a fire extinguishing agent dosage control system 20, a sprinkler system 30, and a fire monitoring system 40.

[0062] The spray system 30 is disposed above the combustion platform 10, and the spray system 30 is connected to the extinguishing agent dosage control system 20;

[0063] Specifically, the spray system 30 is located above the combustion platform 10 and near the end of the combustion platform 10, and the spray system 30 is connected to the extinguishing agent dosage control system 20;

[0064] The fire monitoring system 40 is installed at a preset position on the combustion platform 10;

[0065] It should be noted that the preset position can be the end of the combustion platform 10, near the fire extinguishing position of the sprinkler system, or it can be set at a preset distance from the combustion position within the combustion platform 10.

[0066] The preset distance is set by technicians based on multiple experiences or experiments, and this application does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0067] The fire monitoring system 40 detects the changes in parameters such as fire intensity, temperature field and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform 10, and determines the target data corresponding to the characteristics of each fire extinguishing agent droplet based on the changes in the parameters, the set characteristics of different fire extinguishing agent droplets and the dosage.

[0068] Among them, the target data corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic includes fire size, extinguishing agent mixing data, and the target nozzle and preset pressure to which the extinguishing agent droplet characteristic belongs;

[0069] It should be noted that the characteristics of the extinguishing agent droplets are generated by the combination of the target nozzle and the preset pressure. Therefore, each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic has a corresponding target nozzle and preset pressure.

[0070] Specifically, the fire monitoring system 40 inputs the parameter change data of fire intensity, temperature field and radiant heat flux, as well as the set characteristics of different fire extinguishing agent droplets into the simulation processing model, so that the simulation processing model can first determine the current fire intensity based on the parameter change data of the fire intensity;

[0071] Next, the fire monitoring system 40 calls the simulation processing model to obtain the fire intensity changes under different extinguishing agent dosages under the pre-simulated specific extinguishing agent droplet characteristics; based on the fire intensity changes under different extinguishing agent dosages, fire intensity size, and preset unit dosage, the extinguishing agent mixing data is determined.

[0072] It should be noted that extinguishing agent mixing data can characterize the extinguishing agent mixing ratio, that is, the ratio of a preset unit of water volume to a preset unit of extinguishing agent volume; or, characterize the optimal dosage, that is, the extinguishing agent mixing ratio, that is, the ratio of water to extinguishing agent.

[0073] The preset unit water volume refers to the pre-set measurement of one unit of water, and the preset unit fire extinguishing volume refers to the measurement of one unit of fire extinguishing agent.

[0074] For example, if the extinguishing agent mixing ratio is 5:4, it means that 5 parts of water (preset unit volume) and 4 parts of extinguishing agent (preset unit volume) are required.

[0075] The preset unit dosage means that the dosage of each unit of water and each unit of extinguishing agent is fixed.

[0076] If the extinguishing agent mixing ratio is 6:4, it means that the required amount of water is the product of the optimal amount and 60%, and the extinguishing agent dosage is the product of the optimal amount and 40%.

[0077] When the extinguishing agent mixing data can characterize the extinguishing agent mixing ratio, the fire monitoring system 40 combines the fire size, extinguishing agent mixing ratio, target nozzle, and preset pressure corresponding to the extinguishing agent droplet characteristics output by the simulation processing model to obtain the target data corresponding to the extinguishing agent droplet characteristics.

[0078] When the extinguishing agent mixing data can characterize the extinguishing agent mixing ratio and optimal dosage, the fire monitoring system 40 combines the fire size, extinguishing agent mixing ratio and optimal dosage output by the simulation processing model, as well as the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to the extinguishing agent droplet characteristics, to obtain the target data corresponding to the extinguishing agent droplet characteristics.

[0079] The simulation processing model was trained using parameter change data from multiple simulations of the fire monitoring system, as well as different characteristics and dosages of extinguishing agent droplets.

[0080] It should be noted that the preset threshold was set based on multiple experiments or experience.

[0081] Optionally, the simulation processing model can adjust the extinguishing agent mixing data in real time based on the parameter changes of fire intensity, temperature field and radiant heat flux fed back by the fire monitoring system 40, as well as the current droplet characteristics of different extinguishing agents.

[0082] Optionally, users can directly write target data corresponding to the characteristics of each extinguishing agent droplet through their user equipment.

[0083] See also Figure 1 The device shown describes a fire extinguishing agent dosage control system 20 that sequentially passes the mixed fire extinguishing agent through the target nozzle of the spray system 30. Based on the preset pressure and the target nozzle, the mixed fire extinguishing agent is converted into a group of droplets with target droplet size and target droplet velocity, and then falls onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform 10 with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity.

[0084] Specifically, the sprinkler system 30 replaces the current nozzle with a nozzle that matches the target nozzle corresponding to the droplet characteristics of the extinguishing agent in the target data; then, after determining that the sprinkler system 30 has been replaced with the target nozzle, the extinguishing agent dosage control system 20 sequentially passes the mixed extinguishing agent through the target nozzle of the sprinkler system 30, so as to form a droplet group with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity under the combination of the preset pressure and the target nozzle, and fall onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform 10 with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity.

[0085] Furthermore, it should be noted that the process by which the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system 20 forms a droplet group with the target droplet size and velocity under the combination of the preset pressure and the target nozzle includes:

[0086] The extinguishing agent dosage control system 20 queries the corresponding target droplet size and target droplet velocity under the current preset pressure and target nozzle combination, based on the pre-set correspondence between different preset pressures and target nozzles, as well as the droplet size and velocity.

[0087] Optionally, the various components shown in this application may be controlled by a central controller.

[0088] For example, when the central controller receives a fire simulation command, it controls the combustibles carried in the combustion platform to be in a burning state based on the fire simulation command in order to simulate a fire. At this time, all equipment is controlled to be turned on.

[0089] See also Figure 1 The simulation experimental device for controlling the characteristics of fire extinguishing droplets in aircraft also demonstrates a slope adjustment system 50.

[0090] The slope adjustment system 50 is located below the combustion platform 10 and is used to support and change the angle and shape of the fuel bed in the combustion platform 10.

[0091] Specifically, the slope adjustment system 50 is configured with an axis and a bottom-supported hydraulic rod along the length of the fuel bed of the combustion platform 10. The slope adjustment system 50 supports and drives the entire combustion platform, enabling it to pitch and rotate around an axis, thereby simulating different terrain slopes such as mountains and slopes. The slope adjustment system 50 consists of an electric push rod and a hydraulic cylinder drive component. The slope angle can be precisely set and adjusted via a central controller to study the influence of slope on droplet distribution, fire behavior, and the final fire extinguishing effect.

[0092] Optionally, the slope adjustment system 50 is connected to a central controller;

[0093] See also Figure 1The simulation experimental device for controlling the characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets also demonstrates an environmental wind field system 60.

[0094] The environmental wind farm system 60 is a fan array consisting of multiple axial flow fans;

[0095] The environmental wind field system 60 is located on the side of the combustion platform 10.

[0096] Specifically, the environmental wind field system 60 consists of four axial flow fans, and the airflow is made uniform through honeycomb sheets (the rectifier obtains uniform airflow to simulate the wind field). The sheet-like honeycomb panels are located in the rectifier section to ensure uniform air intake.

[0097] Optionally, the environmental wind field system 60 is connected to a central controller;

[0098] Specifically, the environmental wind field system 60 is used to generate a controllable and uniform wind field above the fuel bed to simulate the effect of ambient wind on the movement of flames and droplets. In other words, the environmental wind field system controls the rotation speed of the fan array through a central controller, thereby generating stable airflows at different speeds and distributing them evenly in the fuel bed area through a rectified honeycomb grid.

[0099] Optionally, the environmental wind field system 60 can be placed at the left end of the fuel bed of the combustion platform 10, with the fire spread direction from left to right, and the entire area above the fuel bed must be included in the length and width directions of the fan.

[0100] See also Figure 1 The simulation experimental device for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets also shows a high-speed camera system 70 constructed from a high-speed camera and a measuring strong light 2.

[0101] Based on the architecture of the simulation experimental device for controllable aircraft fire extinguishing droplet characteristics shown in the above embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention also show a specific architectural schematic diagram of the combustion platform 10, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the combustion platform 10 includes a truss 11, a fireproof plate 12, and a fuel bed 13;

[0102] The fireproof board 12 is installed on the truss 11, and a fuel bed 13 is laid on top of the fireproof board 12.

[0103] The fuel bed 13 is forest combustibles;

[0104] The truss 11 is used to support the fireproof board 12 and the fuel bed 13;

[0105] The fireproof board 12 is used for fire prevention.

[0106] It should be noted that the fireproof board 12 is equivalent to the hypothetical ground in the experiment, and it has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and not being easily damaged.

[0107] Specifically, the fuel bed 13 is made of fuel.

[0108] The truss 11 is used to support the fireproof plate 12 and the fuel bed 13.

[0109] In some embodiments, based on the architecture of the simulation experimental device for controllable aircraft fire extinguishing droplet characteristics shown in the above embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention also show a specific architectural schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system 20, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 ,like Figure 3 As shown, the extinguishing agent dosage control system 20 includes: a water tank 21, a water pump 22, an extinguishing agent mixing device 23, a flow meter 24, a solenoid valve 25, and a control box 26;

[0110] The water tank 21 is connected to the inlet of the water pump 22 via a first pipe;

[0111] The outlet of the water pump 22 is connected to the sprinkler system 30 through a second pipe;

[0112] The second pipeline is sequentially equipped with a fire extinguishing agent mixing device 23, a flow meter 24, and a solenoid valve 25;

[0113] The control box 26 is wirelessly connected to the water pump 22, the flow meter 24, and the solenoid valve 25, respectively.

[0114] The flow meter 24 is used to monitor the instantaneous and cumulative flow of the mixed extinguishing agent flowing through the pipeline in real time and to provide feedback to the control box 26.

[0115] The solenoid valve 25 is used to receive control signals from the control box 25 to turn the sprinkler system 30 off or on.

[0116] Water tank 21 is used to store liquid extinguishing agents (such as water).

[0117] Wherein, the distance from the flow meter 24 to the water pump 22 is less than the distance from the solenoid valve 25 to the water pump 22;

[0118] The flow meter 24 is installed on the second pipe and connected to the outlet of the water pump 22;

[0119] Optionally, water tank 21 can be used to store liquid extinguishing agent.

[0120] It should be noted that the liquid extinguishing agent may be water or a premixed flame retardant.

[0121] Specifically, the inlet of the water pump 22 is connected to the water tank 21 through a second pipe, and its outlet pipe is connected to the sprinkler system 30.

[0122] The water pump 22 is designed with adjustable pressure, which provides a power source for subsequent changes in droplet characteristics by changing its output pressure.

[0123] The flow meter 24 is installed on the pipeline after the water pump 22 to monitor and provide feedback on the instantaneous and cumulative flow of the extinguishing agent flowing through the pipeline in real time.

[0124] Solenoid valve 25 is installed on the pipeline after flow meter 24 as a quick start or close switch, and its on / off state is controlled by the control box.

[0125] Specifically, when the cumulative flow monitored by the flow meter 23 reaches the preset delivery amount, or the sum of the first and second measurements, the control box 26 immediately sends a signal to control the solenoid valve 25 to close, thereby precisely terminating the sprinkler system 30.

[0126] It should be noted that the thermocouples should be vertically distributed above the heat flow meter, and horizontally arranged along the width of the fuel bed within the area where the fuel bed is sprayed, forming a spatial distribution.

[0127] Optionally, the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system is further equipped with a fire extinguishing agent concentration tank 27;

[0128] The fire extinguishing agent concentration tank 27 is connected to the fire extinguishing agent mixing equipment 23 via a pipeline and is used to store fire extinguishing agents of Class A fire extinguishing agent concentration, namely flame retardant concentrate.

[0129] Optionally, the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system 20 further includes a pressure gauge 28, which is used to detect the pressure in the pipeline in real time.

[0130] This application can ensure that the delivery volume is consistent in each simulation experiment, or explore the fire extinguishing effect of different delivery volumes.

[0131] Accordingly, the extinguishing agent dosage control system 20, based on the target data corresponding to the characteristics of each extinguishing agent droplet, mixes the corresponding target extinguishing agent dosage and water dosage according to the extinguishing agent mixing data to obtain a mixed extinguishing agent, including:

[0132] If the fire extinguishing agent mixing data is the fire extinguishing agent mixing ratio, the control box calculates the required first metering of fire extinguishing agent and second metering of water based on the fire extinguishing agent mixing ratio, preset unit water volume, and preset unit fire extinguishing metering. That is, the second metering of water is obtained by multiplying the water ratio in the fire extinguishing agent mixing ratio with the preset unit water volume, and the first metering of fire extinguishing agent is obtained by multiplying the fire extinguishing agent ratio in the fire extinguishing agent mixing ratio with the preset unit fire extinguishing metering.

[0133] The first measurement is the target extinguishing agent dosage;

[0134] If the extinguishing agent mixing data is the extinguishing agent mixing ratio and dosage, the control box calculates the required preset first measurement of extinguishing agent and second measurement of water based on the extinguishing agent mixing ratio and dosage. That is, the second measurement of water is obtained by multiplying the percentage of water in the total amount in the extinguishing agent mixing ratio by the dosage, and the first measurement of extinguishing agent is obtained by multiplying the percentage of extinguishing agent in the total amount in the extinguishing agent mixing ratio by the dosage.

[0135] The control box 22, based on the second metering, draws a corresponding metering of water from the water tank 21 via the water pump 22 and delivers it to the fire extinguishing agent mixing device 23; and based on the first metering, draws a corresponding metering of preset fire extinguishing agent from the storage tank of the fire extinguishing agent mixing device, and controls the fire extinguishing agent mixing device to mix the preset fire extinguishing agent corresponding to the first metering and the water of the second metering to obtain a mixed fire extinguishing agent.

[0136] This application involves conducting multiple exploratory experiments based on the intensity of the fire and the characteristics of different extinguishing agent droplets to obtain the ideal combination of good fire extinguishing effect and low extinguishing agent dosage, i.e., to obtain the critical dosage under the best fire extinguishing effect, in order to explore the optimal extinguishing agent mixing data under different droplet characteristics; thereby saving water and extinguishing agent resources.

[0137] See also Figure 3 Based on the above-described simulation experimental device for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets, the fire monitoring system 40 includes a video recording system 41, a thermocouple array 42, an infrared thermal imager 43, and a heat flow meter 44.

[0138] The video recording system 41, thermocouple array 42, infrared thermal imager 43, and heat flow meter 44 can all be connected to the central controller for control.

[0139] The video recording system 41 is installed on the side of the combustion platform and is used to record the phenomenon of the fire extinguishing process.

[0140] The thermocouple array 42 is composed of multiple thermocouples, and the thermocouple array 42 is distributed in the space above the fuel bed of the combustion platform 10 and / or on the surface of the fuel bed.

[0141] The infrared thermal imager is located on the side of the combustion platform;

[0142] The infrared thermal imager 43 and the thermocouple array 42 are both used to measure the temperature changes of the fuel surface and interior during the fire extinguishing process.

[0143] Specifically, the infrared thermal imager 43 and the thermocouple array 42 jointly record the temperature change of the fuel bed after spraying in order to determine whether the fuel bed reignites or the time when it does.

[0144] The heat flow meter 44 is installed in a preset area on the surface of the fuel bed to detect the radiant heat flux of the fire during the fire extinguishing process.

[0145] Specifically, when the heat flow meter 44 controls the target nozzle of the spray system to drop the corresponding droplet group onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity, it detects the radiant heat flux of the fire during the fire extinguishing process, so as to record the changes in the intensity of the detected reaction flame and the degree of extinguishing in real time.

[0146] It should be noted that the preset area refers to the fire extinguishing position near the end on the surface of the fuel bed, which is set in advance by technicians based on multiple experiments.

[0147] Optionally, it also includes a droplet measurement device, which includes a high-speed camera and a light source detector;

[0148] The droplet measuring device is located on the side of the combustion platform;

[0149] Among them, the high-speed camera and the light source detector are used to process the changes in droplet size and velocity captured in the images.

[0150] Specifically, the thermocouple array 42 consists of multiple thermocouples distributed in the space above the fuel bed and on the surface of the fuel bed, arranged at a certain interval, used to measure the temperature of the fuel bed, that is, the spatiotemporal variation data of the flame temperature field and the fuel surface temperature of the fuel bed. The heat flux meter 44 is arranged on the surface of the fuel bed near the sprayed area, used to measure the change in the radiant heat flux received by the fuel surface before and after the extinguishing agent is sprayed.

[0151] Optionally, radiant heat flux is a direct indicator for assessing fire intensity and the thermal radiation threat to personnel / equipment. All data collected by the fire monitoring system 40 is connected to the data acquisition unit and ultimately transmitted to the central controller for storage and analysis.

[0152] Optionally, the central controller can accurately determine the moment of flame extinguishing by analyzing the decay process of spatiotemporal change data, and quantify the degree to which the fire is suppressed (e.g., the decrease in peak temperature).

[0153] See also Figure 3 Based on the above-described simulation experimental device for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets, the spray system 30 includes a nozzle sliding module 31 and a nozzle 32.

[0154] The nozzle is installed inside the nozzle sliding module;

[0155] The nozzle sliding module is used to move or be fixed arbitrarily within the area above the combustion platform, and is used to switch nozzles or adjust the spray angle of the nozzles.

[0156] Specifically, the nozzle sliding module 31 is used to move arbitrarily within the area above the combustion platform 10 and to be fixed within the designated fire extinguishing area. At the same time, the nozzle sliding module can adjust the spray angle of the nozzle by 180 degrees according to different experimental requirements, or replace the nozzle with a different specification according to different experimental requirements.

[0157] It should be noted that the droplet size and velocity of the droplet clusters generated by different nozzle specifications under different preset pressures are also different.

[0158] To some extent, applying different preset pressures can alter droplet velocity and size, but the change in droplet size is minimal. Therefore, different preset pressures primarily focus on altering droplet velocity.

[0159] The spray system 30 is connected to the outlet of the solenoid valve 25 via a pipeline.

[0160] The spray system 30 is installed on the combustion platform 10 on a drive mechanism that can move horizontally along the width of the fuel bed; its movement speed can be controlled by a central controller to simulate the scenario of an aircraft flying over the fire at different speeds.

[0161] Optionally, the spray system 30 itself can be designed for quick assembly and disassembly, or multiple nozzles can be rotated and mounted on a fixed column to allow for the replacement of nozzles of different specifications and spray angles. By combining different nozzle specifications with the pressure applied by the water pump, the particle size distribution (e.g., Sauter average diameter D32) and velocity of the generated droplets can be systematically changed, thereby achieving independent and coordinated control of droplet characteristics.

[0162] It should be noted that the target nozzle can be moved in the width direction of the fuel bed to simulate the state where the spray trajectory is parallel to the fire line under real spraying conditions. The height of the support frame of the fixed spraying system 30 can be adjusted up and down to correspond to the specific flight altitude of the aircraft during spraying.

[0163] See also Figure 3 It also includes a high-speed camera system 70 consisting of a high-speed camera 71 and a high-intensity measuring light source 72;

[0164] The high-speed camera 71 is installed on the outer side of the end of the combustion platform and is used to capture the size and velocity of the extinguishing agent droplets of the spray system under different target nozzles and preset pressures when the combustion platform 10 is not in a combustion state.

[0165] Specifically, the high-speed camera 71 captures the size and velocity of the extinguishing agent droplets under different nozzles and preset pressures of the sprinkler system without igniting the fuel bed 11. In other words, the fuel bed is not ignited during the filming process to simulate the changes in the size and velocity of the extinguishing agent droplets under different nozzles and preset pressures. At this time, the high-speed camera 71 is activated to capture the changes in the size and velocity of the extinguishing agent droplets of the sprinkler system under different target nozzles and preset pressures.

[0166] See also Figure 3 The high-intensity light source 72 is positioned at a preset distance from the high-speed camera 71 to assist in capturing and acquiring droplet characteristic data.

[0167] It should be noted that the high-intensity light source 72 and the high-speed camera 71 are positioned in the same direction.

[0168] It should be noted that the preset distance is set in advance by technicians based on multiple experiments or experience.

[0169] In this embodiment of the invention, the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic are determined by using parameter change data of fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform and setting different extinguishing agent droplet characteristics. This enables precise and independent control of the extinguishing agent droplet size, velocity, and falling momentum. The fire intensity corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic and the extinguishing agent mixing data are determined, and then the corresponding mixed extinguishing agent is determined. This allows for the quantitative correlation between droplet characteristics, delivery volume, and fire suppression degree, enabling experiments to be conducted. This research aims to study the forest fire suppression law of aerial extinguishing agent droplets, thereby improving the experimental effect of aerial extinguishing agent droplets on forest fire suppression.

[0170] The advantages of this design are as follows:

[0171] 1) By combining the technical means of “target nozzle determination” with “water pump with precise pressure adjustment”, the decoupling and precise quantification of droplet characteristics under the combined action of nozzle and applied pressure are achieved. In other words, it is possible to achieve precise and independent control of the droplet size, velocity and falling momentum of extinguishing agent.

[0172] 2) A fire monitoring system combining thermocouple arrays and heat flux meters can be used to control the same amount of extinguishing agent under different droplet characteristics or control different amounts of extinguishing agent under the same droplet characteristics. The system continuously records the temperature change curve and heat flux decay process throughout the spraying process to quantify the fire suppression effect.

[0173] 3) By adjusting the slope of the fuel bed through a slope adjustment system, mountainous terrain is simulated, affecting the forward tilt angle of the flame and the preheating conditions of the combustibles. Furthermore, by simulating ambient wind through an environmental wind field system, the trajectory of droplets and the shape of the flame are influenced. This allows for the simulation of natural fire scenarios.

[0174] Based on the apparatus shown in the above embodiments of the present invention, correspondingly, the embodiments of the present invention also show a fire extinguishing simulation control method; such as Figure 4 As shown, the method includes:

[0175] Step S401: The fire monitoring system detects the parameter changes of fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform; based on the parameter change data and the set characteristics of different extinguishing agent droplets, it determines the target data corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic.

[0176] The target data includes fire size, extinguishing agent mixing data, and the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to the characteristics of the extinguishing agent droplets.

[0177] Step S402: The extinguishing agent dosage control system, based on the target data corresponding to the characteristics of each extinguishing agent droplet, mixes the corresponding target extinguishing agent dosage and water dosage according to the extinguishing agent mixing data to obtain a mixed extinguishing agent;

[0178] Step S403: The fire extinguishing agent dosage control system sequentially passes the mixed fire extinguishing agent through the target nozzle of the spray system, and converts the mixed fire extinguishing agent into a group of droplets with target droplet size and target droplet velocity based on the preset pressure and the target nozzle, and falls onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity.

[0179] The specific principles and execution processes of each unit in the simulation experimental device for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention are the same as the corresponding contents in the fire extinguishing simulation control method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention. Please refer to the corresponding parts in the fire extinguishing simulation control method disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention, and they will not be repeated here.

[0180] In this embodiment of the invention, the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic are determined by using parameter change data of fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform and setting different extinguishing agent droplet characteristics. This enables precise and independent control of the extinguishing agent droplet size, velocity, and falling momentum. The fire intensity corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic and the extinguishing agent mixing data are determined, and then the corresponding mixed extinguishing agent is determined. This allows for the quantitative correlation between droplet characteristics, delivery volume, and fire suppression degree, enabling experiments to be conducted. This research aims to study the forest fire suppression law of aerial extinguishing agent droplets, thereby improving the experimental effect of aerial extinguishing agent droplets on forest fire suppression.

[0181] This application provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store simulation experiment program code and data of the characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets, and the processor is used to call the program instructions in the memory to execute the steps shown in the fire extinguishing simulation control method in the above embodiments.

[0182] This invention provides a storage medium, namely a computer-readable storage medium, which includes the electronic device provided in the above-described embodiments of this application. The electronic device is used to execute the fire extinguishing simulation control method disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0183] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system or system embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments. The systems and system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0184] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0185] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental device for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets, characterized in that, The device includes: a combustion platform, a fire extinguishing agent dosage control system, a sprinkler system, and a fire monitoring system; The spray system is located above the combustion platform and is connected to the fire extinguishing agent dosage control system. The fire monitoring system is installed at a preset position at the end of the combustion platform; The fire monitoring system detects parameter changes in fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform; based on the parameter changes and the set characteristics of different extinguishing agent droplets, it determines the target data corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic, wherein the target data includes fire size, extinguishing agent mixing data, and the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to the extinguishing agent droplet characteristics; The fire extinguishing agent dosage control system, based on the target data corresponding to the characteristics of each fire extinguishing agent droplet, mixes the corresponding target fire extinguishing agent dosage and water dosage according to the fire extinguishing agent mixing data to obtain a mixed fire extinguishing agent; The fire extinguishing agent dosage control system sequentially passes the mixed fire extinguishing agent through the target nozzles of the spray system. Based on the preset pressure and the target nozzles, the mixed fire extinguishing agent is converted into a group of droplets with target droplet size and target droplet velocity, and then falls onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion platform includes a truss, a fireproof plate, and a fuel bed; The fireproof board is installed on the truss, and a fuel bed is laid on top of the fireproof board; The fuel bed is composed of forest combustibles; The truss is used to support the fireproof board and the fuel bed; The fireproof board is used for fire prevention.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extinguishing agent dosage control system includes: a control box, a water tank, a water pump, an extinguishing agent mixing device, a flow meter, and a solenoid valve; The water tank is connected to the inlet of the water pump via a first pipe; The outlet of the water pump is connected to the sprinkler system via a second pipe; The second pipeline is sequentially equipped with a fire extinguishing agent mixing device, a flow meter, and a solenoid valve; The control box is wirelessly connected to the water pump, the flow meter, and the solenoid valve, respectively. The flow meter is used to monitor the instantaneous and cumulative flow of the mixed extinguishing agent flowing through the pipeline in real time and to provide feedback to the control box. The solenoid valve is used to receive control signals from the control box to turn the sprinkler system off or on.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing agent dosage control system is also equipped with a fire extinguishing agent concentration tank; The fire extinguishing agent concentration tank is connected to the fire extinguishing agent mixing equipment via a pipeline.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire monitoring system includes a video recording system, a thermocouple array, an infrared thermal imager, and a heat flow meter; The video recording system is installed on the side of the combustion platform to record the fire extinguishing process. The thermocouple array consists of multiple thermocouples, and the thermocouple array is distributed in the space above the fuel platform of the combustion platform and / or on the surface of the fuel platform; The infrared thermal imager is located on the side of the combustion platform; Both the infrared thermal imager and the thermocouple array are used to measure the temperature changes on the surface and inside of the fuel bed during the fire extinguishing process. The heat flow meter is installed in a preset area on the surface of the fuel bed to detect the radiant heat flux of the fire during the fire extinguishing process.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying system includes a nozzle sliding module and a nozzle; The nozzle is installed inside the nozzle sliding module; The nozzle sliding module is used to move or be fixed arbitrarily within the area above the combustion platform, and is used to switch nozzles or adjust the spray angle of the nozzles.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a high-speed camera system consisting of a high-speed camera and a high-intensity light source for measurement; The high-speed camera is installed on the outer side of the end of the combustion platform and is used to capture the size and velocity of the extinguishing agent droplets under different target nozzles and preset pressures when the combustion platform is not in a combustion state. The high-intensity light source is positioned at a preset distance from the high-speed camera to assist in capturing and acquiring droplet characteristic data.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes: a slope adjustment system; The slope adjustment system is located below the combustion platform and is used to support and change the angle and shape of the fuel bed in the combustion platform.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes: an environmental wind field system; The environmental wind farm system is a fan array consisting of multiple axial flow fans; The environmental wind field system is located on the side of the combustion platform.

10. A simulation control method, characterized in that, The method, applied to the simulation experimental apparatus for controllable characteristics of aircraft fire extinguishing droplets as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprises: The fire monitoring system detects changes in parameters such as fire intensity, temperature field, and radiant heat flux within the combustion platform. Based on these parameter changes and the set characteristics of different extinguishing agent droplets, the system determines the target data corresponding to each extinguishing agent droplet characteristic. The target data includes fire size, extinguishing agent mixing data, and the target nozzle and preset pressure corresponding to the extinguishing agent droplet characteristics. The extinguishing agent dosage control system, based on the target data corresponding to the characteristics of each extinguishing agent droplet, mixes the corresponding target extinguishing agent dosage and water dosage according to the extinguishing agent mixing data to obtain a mixed extinguishing agent; The fire extinguishing agent dosage control system sequentially passes the mixed fire extinguishing agent through the target nozzles of the spray system. Based on the preset pressure and the target nozzles, the mixed fire extinguishing agent is converted into a group of droplets with target droplet size and target droplet velocity, and then falls onto the burning fuel on the combustion platform with the target droplet size and target droplet velocity.

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