Corona discharge positioning and temperature measuring method and device based on simulation wire

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a corona discharge positioning and temperature measuring method and device based on a simulation wire. According to the embodiment of the invention, the optical signal transceiving unit can be controlled to inject the optical pulse signal into the distributed optical fiber; a backscattering signal returned by the distributed optical fiber based on the optical pulse signal is received through an optical signal transceiving unit, and the backscattering signal comprises a Raman scattering sub-signal and a Rayleigh scattering sub-signal; determining a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattering sub-signals; and determining the target position of corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating based on the receiving time corresponding to the time domain disturbance characteristic in the Rayleigh scattering sub-signal, the injection time of the optical pulse signal and the propagation speed of the light in the distributed optical fiber. Therefore, high-precision positioning of the corona discharge position and precise measurement of the local temperature rise of the discharge area can be synchronously realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of high voltage engineering technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on simulated conductors. Background Technology

[0002] In high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage transmission systems, corona discharge is prone to occur on the surface of conductors due to the concentration of electric fields. Corona discharge not only leads to energy loss but also generates electromagnetic interference, audible noise, and accelerates the aging of insulation materials. Long-term or strong corona discharge may even cause local overheating, leading to serious faults such as flashover. Therefore, in experimental research, accurate location of corona discharge events and measurement of the accompanying local temperature rise are of great significance for assessing their thermal effects and potential hazards.

[0003] Currently, in laboratory settings, the sample wire to be tested is typically placed in a high-voltage electric field to induce corona discharge, and external detection equipment such as ultraviolet imagers, radio interference devices, or acoustic sensors are used to observe the discharge phenomenon. However, these methods generally suffer from limitations such as limited line-of-sight, susceptibility to strong electromagnetic interference, and inability to directly contact the surface being tested. Consequently, they struggle to accurately locate the corona discharge position and cannot precisely obtain information on local temperature changes within the corona discharge region. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and apparatus for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on simulated conductors, which can simultaneously achieve high-precision location of corona discharge and accurate measurement of local temperature rise in the discharge area.

[0005] This application provides a method for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on simulated conductors, applicable to a control unit in a corona thermal sensing system. The control unit is communicatively connected to an optical signal transceiver unit, which is optically coupled to a distributed optical fiber. A metal coating is disposed on the outer surface of the distributed optical fiber. The distributed optical fiber and the metal coating together constitute a simulated conductor. The metal coating is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of a high-voltage power supply, and the reference terminal of the high-voltage power supply is grounded. Under the high voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply, corona discharge is generated on the surface of the metal coating. The method includes:

[0006] Control the optical signal transceiver unit to inject optical pulse signals into the distributed optical fiber;

[0007] The optical transceiver unit receives backscattered signals returned by distributed optical fibers based on optical pulse signals. The backscattered signals include Raman scatterer signals and Rayleigh scatterer signals.

[0008] Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scatterer signal, a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber is determined. Each temperature value in the temperature data sequence corresponds to a different position of the metal coating along its length, which is used to characterize the spatial distribution of local temperature rise caused by corona discharge on the metal coating.

[0009] Based on the receiving time corresponding to the time-domain perturbation characteristics in the Rayleigh scatterer signal, the injection time of the optical pulse signal, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber, the target location of corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating is determined. The time-domain perturbation characteristics are the Rayleigh scattering time-domain anomalies caused by local perturbations in the distributed optical fiber when the optical pulse signal propagates to the corona discharge location.

[0010] This application also provides a corona discharge location and temperature measurement device based on a simulated conductor, suitable for a control unit in a corona thermal sensing system. The control unit is communicatively connected to an optical signal transceiver unit, which is optically coupled to a distributed optical fiber. A metal coating is disposed on the outer surface of the distributed optical fiber. The distributed optical fiber and the metal coating together constitute a simulated conductor. The metal coating is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of a high-voltage power supply, and the reference terminal of the high-voltage power supply is grounded. Under the high voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply, corona discharge is generated on the surface of the metal coating. The device includes:

[0011] The signal injection unit is used to control the optical signal transceiver unit to inject optical pulse signals into the distributed optical fiber.

[0012] The signal receiving unit is used to receive backscattered signals returned by distributed optical fibers based on optical pulse signals through the optical signal transceiver unit. The backscattered signals include Raman scatterer signals and Rayleigh scatterer signals.

[0013] The temperature determination unit is used to determine the temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scatterer signal. Each temperature value in the temperature data sequence corresponds to a different position of the metal coating along its length direction, which is used to characterize the spatial distribution of local temperature rise caused by corona discharge on the metal coating.

[0014] The location determination unit is used to determine the target location of corona discharge on the metal coating surface based on the reception time corresponding to the time-domain perturbation characteristics in the Rayleigh scattering sub-signal, the injection time of the optical pulse signal, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber. The time-domain perturbation characteristics are the Rayleigh scattering time-domain anomalies caused by local perturbations in the distributed optical fiber when the optical pulse signal propagates to the corona discharge location.

[0015] This application also provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, the memory storing multiple instructions; the processor loads instructions from the memory to execute the steps in any of the corona discharge location and temperature measurement methods based on simulated wires provided in this application.

[0016] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing multiple instructions adapted for loading by a processor to execute steps in any of the methods for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on analog wires provided in this application.

[0017] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the corona discharge location and temperature measurement methods based on simulated wires provided in this application.

[0018] This application's embodiments apply to a control unit in a corona thermal state sensing system. The control unit is communicatively connected to an optical signal transceiver unit, which is optically coupled to a distributed optical fiber. The outer surface of the distributed optical fiber is coated with a metal layer, which together form an analog conductor. The metal layer is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of a high-voltage power supply, whose reference terminal is grounded. Under the high voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply, corona discharge occurs on the surface of the metal layer, allowing the optical signal transceiver unit to inject optical pulse signals into the distributed optical fiber. The optical signal transceiver unit receives the backscattered signals returned by the distributed optical fiber based on the optical pulse signals. These backscattered signals include Raman scattering signals and Rayleigh scattering signals. Raman scattering signal; based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattering signal, a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber is determined. Each temperature value in the temperature data sequence corresponds to a different position of the metal coating along its length, used to characterize the spatial distribution of local temperature rise caused by corona discharge on the metal coating; based on the reception time corresponding to the time-domain perturbation characteristics in the Rayleigh scattering signal, the injection time of the optical pulse signal, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber, the target position of corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating is determined. The time-domain perturbation characteristics are the Rayleigh scattering time-domain anomalies caused by local perturbations in the distributed optical fiber when the optical pulse signal propagates to the corona discharge position.

[0019] In this application, the simulated conductor consists of a distributed optical fiber and a metal coating on its outer surface. The metal coating is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of a high-voltage power supply. When a high voltage is applied, corona discharge occurs on its surface due to the concentration of the electric field. This discharge mechanism is physically consistent with the corona discharge on the surface of an actual high-voltage conductor. Because the metal coating has high thermal conductivity and is tightly wrapped around the outer surface of the distributed optical fiber, the two have good thermal contact and rapid heat conduction. Therefore, the temperature measured in the distributed optical fiber can accurately reflect the local temperature rise on the surface of the metal coating, thereby effectively characterizing the thermal effect caused by corona discharge.

[0020] During operation, the optical transceiver unit injects an optical pulse signal into the distributed optical fiber, and the control unit receives the returned backscattered signal through the optical transceiver unit. This backscattered signal contains Raman scattering and Rayleigh scattering signals. Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattering signal, a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber can be demodulated. Since the distributed optical fiber is closely bonded to the metal coating, each temperature value in this temperature data sequence corresponds to a different position on the metal coating along its length, thus accurately reflecting the spatial distribution of localized temperature rise caused by corona discharge on the metal coating. Furthermore, based on the time-domain perturbation characteristics in the Rayleigh scattering signal, combined with the injection time of the optical pulse signal, the reception time of this time-domain perturbation characteristic, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber, the target location of corona discharge on the metal coating surface can be determined. Therefore, this application can simultaneously achieve high-precision positioning of the corona discharge location and accurate measurement of the localized temperature rise in the discharge area. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of the scenario flow of the corona discharge location and temperature measurement method based on simulated wires provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of the corona thermal state sensing system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the corona discharge positioning and temperature measurement device based on simulated wires provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] This application provides a method and apparatus for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on simulated conductors.

[0027] Specifically, the corona discharge positioning and temperature measurement device based on simulated wires can be integrated into an electronic device, such as a terminal or server. The terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet, smart Bluetooth device, laptop, or personal computer (PC); the server can be a single server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers.

[0028] In some embodiments, the corona discharge location and temperature measurement device based on simulated wires can also be integrated into multiple electronic devices. For example, the corona discharge location and temperature measurement device based on simulated wires can be integrated into multiple servers, and multiple servers can implement the temperature spatiotemporal distribution measurement method based on simulated wire surface corona discharge of this application.

[0029] In some embodiments, the server may also be implemented as a terminal.

[0030] The following sections provide detailed descriptions of each example. It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the following embodiments are not intended to limit the preferred order of the embodiments.

[0031] In this embodiment, a method for corona discharge localization and temperature measurement based on simulated wires is provided, such as... Figure 1a This method is applicable to the control unit in a corona thermal sensing system. The control unit is communicatively connected to an optical signal transceiver unit, which is optically coupled to a distributed optical fiber. The outer surface of the distributed optical fiber is coated with a metal layer, and the distributed optical fiber and the metal layer together form a simulated conductor. The metal layer is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of a high-voltage power supply, and the reference terminal of the high-voltage power supply is grounded. Under the high voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply, corona discharge occurs on the surface of the metal layer. The specific process of this corona discharge location and temperature measurement method based on the simulated conductor can be as follows:

[0032] The corona thermal state sensing system is a comprehensive sensing system used to monitor the thermal response of a simulated conductor under high voltage in real time due to corona discharge. It enables continuous acquisition of the spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature on the outer surface of the simulated conductor, early identification of abnormal temperature rise, and precise location of faults, thereby assessing the thermal effects of corona discharge and its potential risks.

[0033] The control unit is the core processing module in the corona thermal sensing system, used to perform tasks such as data acquisition, anomaly detection, pulse triggering, signal analysis, and feature extraction. This control unit can be a general-purpose computer (such as a desktop or industrial PC), a server, an embedded processor (such as an ARM, DSP, or FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a microcontroller unit (MCU), or a dedicated data processing device integrated into the field monitoring terminal. It can also be an intelligent processing platform deployed in the cloud or at edge computing nodes. The specific form can be flexibly configured according to the system deployment scenario and real-time requirements.

[0034] An optical transceiver unit is an optical front-end module that integrates the functions of transmitting optical pulse signals and receiving backscattered signals. It is used to inject probe optical pulse signals into distributed optical fibers and simultaneously collect the backscattered signals returned by the fibers.

[0035] Its typical structure includes: a laser source for generating highly coherent continuous or quasi-continuous light; a pulse modulator for modulating continuous light into narrow pulse widths (nanosecond to microsecond range); and optical coupling devices (such as optical circulators or fiber couplers) for efficiently injecting optical pulses into distributed optical fibers and guiding backscattered signals returning along the fiber to the receiving channel.

[0036] Under the command of the control unit, the optical transceiver unit can emit optical pulses according to preset repetition frequency, pulse width, and wavelength parameters, thereby exciting backscattering components such as Rayleigh scattering and Raman scattering in the distributed optical fiber, thus providing a basic detection signal for subsequent temperature demodulation and disturbance localization.

[0037] Distributed optical fiber refers to a single-mode or multimode communication optical fiber capable of continuously sensing external physical parameters (such as temperature, strain, or disturbances) along its length. Its working principle is based on the backscattering effect (including Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and Brillouin scattering) generated when light propagates in the fiber. In this application, the distributed optical fiber serves as a sensing medium, receiving the returned backscattered signals and combining them with optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) or correlation demodulation techniques to achieve spatially resolved sensing of temperature and disturbance events distributed along the fiber's length. Typically, the distributed optical fiber can be a standard single-mode communication fiber (such as G.652.D), which itself does not require built-in gratings or other discrete sensing structures.

[0038] Metal coatings refer to functional conductive layers (such as aluminum, copper, or silver coatings) that cover the outer surface of distributed optical fibers. They serve a dual purpose: on the one hand, they improve heat conduction efficiency, quickly transferring the heat generated by corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating to the fiber core to enhance temperature measurement sensitivity; on the other hand, they form an electromagnetic shielding layer, effectively attenuating the high-frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by corona discharge, and ensuring the accuracy and stability of temperature signal acquisition.

[0039] A simulated conductor refers to an equivalent experimental carrier used in a laboratory or testing environment to reproduce the corona discharge behavior of a high-voltage conductor surface. It is not used for actual power transmission, but rather is a functionally integrated structure specifically designed for the excitation and in-situ sensing of corona discharge. In this application, the simulated conductor consists of distributed optical fibers and a metal coating on its outer surface. The metal coating, as a conductive surface subjected to high voltage, generates corona discharge due to electric field concentration when high voltage is applied. Its discharge initiation voltage, discharge morphology, and spatial distribution characteristics are physically consistent with the corona discharge on the surface of an actual high-voltage overhead conductor. The distributed optical fibers, as an embedded sensing medium, are closely attached to the metal coating to sense local temperature changes and mechanical disturbances caused by the discharge in real time.

[0040] The reason why this structure can be effectively used as a "simulated wire" is that:

[0041] (1) Electrical equivalence: When the metal coating is exposed to air, it has a surface curvature and conductivity similar to that of a real wire, and can reproduce the typical corona discharge phenomenon under high voltage.

[0042] (2) Tight thermal-mechanical coupling: The metal coating has high thermal conductivity and is tightly wrapped with the distributed optical fiber. The local thermal effect and micro-vibration generated by corona discharge can be efficiently transmitted to the optical fiber to realize in-situ synchronous sensing.

[0043] (3) Co-location of sensing and excitation: The discharge occurs on the surface of the metal coating, while the sensing unit (optical fiber) is located directly below it. The two are highly overlapping in space, avoiding the positioning deviation and signal attenuation problems of traditional external sensors.

[0044] Therefore, this integrated structure can not only realistically simulate the corona discharge behavior of high-voltage conductors, but also simultaneously acquire spatial distribution information of discharge location and temperature rise.

[0045] A high-voltage power supply is a power supply device connected to one end of a metal plating layer to apply a high voltage to it. This high-voltage power supply can be a real operating power source that generates corona discharge in actual transmission lines, or a controllable high-voltage source used in laboratories or testing environments to simulate or reproduce corona discharge in conductors under high electric field strength, thereby constructing a measurable and repeatable experimental environment for corona thermal response. It can be understood that the high-voltage electric field generated by the high-voltage power supply ionizes the air surrounding the conductor, causing the conductor surface to heat up due to corona discharge, resulting in a localized temperature rise.

[0046] The high-voltage output terminal refers to the electrode or terminal in a high-voltage power supply used to output a high-potential voltage. Its potential is significantly higher than that of the reference terminal (usually in the range of several kilovolts to tens of kilovolts) and is used to apply a high voltage sufficient to induce corona discharge to the object under test (such as the metal plating in this application).

[0047] The reference terminal refers to the electrode or terminal in a high-voltage power supply that serves as a potential reference. It is usually connected to the ground, and its potential is defined as zero or the system reference level. In this application, the reference terminal is grounded and together with the high-voltage output terminal, it forms a high-voltage loop applied to the analog conductor.

[0048] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1b As shown, the metal coating is deposited on the outer surface of the distributed optical fiber using a magnetron sputtering process.

[0049] 101. Control the optical signal transceiver unit to inject optical pulse signals into the distributed optical fiber.

[0050] In this context, an optical pulse signal refers to a laser pulse with an extremely short duration (typically on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds), high coherence, and a stable wavelength. This pulse is generated by an optical signal transceiver unit and coupled into a distributed optical fiber. As the optical pulse propagates within the fiber, it undergoes inelastic or elastic scattering with the fiber medium, producing Raman scattering light, which can be used for temperature demodulation, and Rayleigh scattering light, which can be used for perturbation localization, respectively.

[0051] 102. The optical transceiver unit receives the backscattered signal returned by the distributed optical fiber based on the optical pulse signal. The backscattered signal includes Raman scatterer signal and Rayleigh scatterer signal.

[0052] Backscattered signals refer to the optical signals that, when an optical pulse signal propagates in a distributed optical fiber, some of the optical energy is scattered back in the opposite direction to the incident direction due to microscopic inhomogeneities in the fiber material or thermal / mechanical disturbances. This signal contains various scattering components, mainly Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and Brillouin scattering, and its intensity, frequency shift, and time delay carry physical information such as temperature, strain, or dynamic disturbances distributed along the fiber length. In this application, the backscattered signal is received and used to demodulate the local temperature rise and positional disturbances caused by corona discharge.

[0053] Raman scattering sub-signals refer to the inelastic scattering components in backscattered signals generated by the interaction of light with the vibrations of molecules in the optical fiber medium. These include Stokes light (longer wavelength) and anti-Stokes light (shorter wavelength). The intensity of anti-Stokes light is temperature-sensitive, while the intensity of Stokes light is essentially temperature-independent. By calculating the intensity ratio of these two sub-signals, the effects of light source fluctuations and fiber loss can be eliminated, enabling high-precision distributed temperature measurement. In this application, this sub-signal is used to determine the temperature data sequence along the length of the analog conductor to characterize the spatial distribution of localized temperature rise induced by corona discharge.

[0054] Rayleigh scattering sub-signal refers to the elastic scattering component in backscattered signals caused by random fluctuations in the micro-density or refractive index within the optical fiber. Its wavelength is the same as the incident light, but its intensity is much higher than that of Raman scattering. When the optical fiber is subjected to external disturbances (such as local thermal expansion or micro-vibrations caused by corona discharge), the phase or intensity of Rayleigh scattering will exhibit detectable anomalous changes in the time domain, i.e., "time-domain disturbance characteristics." In this application, this sub-signal is used to accurately locate the target position of corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating by combining the optical pulse injection time and the disturbance signal reception time using the principle of optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR). 103. Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattering sub-signal, a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber is determined. Each temperature value in the temperature data sequence corresponds to a different position of the metal coating along its length, used to characterize the spatial distribution of local temperature rise induced by corona discharge on the metal coating.

[0055] Stokes light refers to the scattered light component formed during Raman scattering when incident photons undergo inelastic collisions with molecules in the fiber medium, transferring some energy to the molecules, resulting in a decrease in their own energy and a longer wavelength (lower frequency). Its intensity is mainly affected by the properties of the fiber material and is not sensitive to temperature changes.

[0056] Anti-Stokes light refers to the scattered light component formed during Raman scattering when incident photons absorb energy from molecules already in an excited state, resulting in increased energy and a shorter wavelength (increased frequency). Its intensity is strongly dependent on ambient temperature—the higher the temperature, the more molecules in the excited state, and the stronger the anti-Stokes light.

[0057] The intensity ratio refers to the ratio of the anti-Stokes light intensity to the Stokes light intensity measured at the same spatial location. Since this ratio is only related to temperature and is independent of common-mode interference factors such as light source power fluctuations and fiber transmission loss, it is widely used in distributed fiber optic temperature sensing systems to achieve high-precision and high-stability temperature demodulation.

[0058] In some embodiments, in order to improve the stability and anti-interference capability of temperature measurement, the Raman scattering signal includes scattered light components generated at different locations along the distributed optical fiber and received at different times.

[0059] Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scatterer signal, the temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber is determined, including:

[0060] The spatial location of each scattered light component is determined based on the time difference between the injection time of the optical pulse signal and the reception time of each scattered light component, as well as the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber.

[0061] Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the scattered light component at each spatial location, the temperature value corresponding to each spatial location is obtained by demodulation, forming a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber.

[0062] The injection time of the optical pulse signal refers to the starting moment when the optical signal transceiver unit couples a beam of optical pulse signal into the distributed optical fiber, which serves as the time reference for ranging and positioning.

[0063] The scattered light component here specifically refers to the Stokes light and anti-Stokes light generated at different spatial locations in the optical fiber. These scattered light components return to the optical signal transceiver unit in sequence over time, and their intensity carries the temperature value of the corresponding location.

[0064] The reception time of the scattered light component refers to the moment when Raman scattered light (including Stokes light or anti-Stokes light) generated at a specific location in the backscattered signal is received. Since light takes time to propagate in an optical fiber, the return time of scattered light generated at different locations is different; therefore, the reception time carries spatial location information.

[0065] The time difference refers to the difference between the reception time of the scattered light component and the injection time of the optical pulse signal. This time difference reflects the time required for the optical pulse signal to propagate from the optical signal transceiver unit to the scattering location and back, and is a key parameter for achieving spatial positioning.

[0066] The propagation speed is the actual speed at which a light pulse propagates along a distributed optical fiber, and its value is determined by the refractive index of the distributed optical fiber. In this application, the propagation speed is used to convert the time difference into physical distance, and it mainly depends on the equivalent dielectric constant of the distributed optical fiber, the theoretical value of which can be expressed as: ,in, At the speed of light, It is the equivalent dielectric constant of the distributed optical fiber.

[0067] Spatial location refers to a physical coordinate point along the length of the distributed optical fiber, which can be expressed by the formula... The calculation yielded that, The speed at which light travels in a distributed optical fiber. The time difference mentioned above is divided by 2 because of the round-trip propagation of the light pulse. This spatial location corresponds to the same axial position on the metal coating and is used to characterize the location where corona discharge occurs.

[0068] The temperature value corresponding to a spatial location refers to the absolute temperature obtained by demodulating the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattering signal at that spatial location and combining it with a pre-calibrated temperature-intensity ratio relationship. This temperature value reflects the local temperature rise of the metal coating at that location caused by corona discharge.

[0069] A temperature data sequence refers to a set of temperature values ​​that are demodulated at a specific sampling time and arranged in an ordered spatial order along the length of a distributed optical fiber. Each temperature value in the temperature data sequence corresponds to the instantaneous temperature at a specific spatial location on the distributed optical fiber (and thus to the metal coating that is closely attached to it), and is used to characterize the spatial distribution of the surface temperature of the object under test (such as a simulated wire) at that moment.

[0070] It should be noted that a single temperature data sequence only reflects the spatial distribution of temperature at a certain point in time and does not contain evolutionary information over time.

[0071] For example, suppose the total length of the simulated conductor in this application is 50 meters, and the distributed optical fiber is laid along its axis, with a set spatial resolution of 0.5 meters. At the sampling time, an optical pulse signal is injected into the distributed optical fiber, and the returned Raman scattering signals are received. By calculating the time difference between the reception time of each scattered light component and the injection time of the optical pulse signal, and combining this with the speed of light propagation in the distributed optical fiber (approximately...), the spatial resolution is determined. This allows us to determine the spatial location (e.g., 0m, 0.5m, 1.0m, ..., 50.0m) corresponding to each component of scattered light. Further, the ratio of Stokes light intensity to anti-Stokes light intensity at each location is calculated, and the temperature value at each spatial location is demodulated based on a pre-defined temperature-intensity ratio. The final result is the following temperature data sequence:

[0072] T(10.0s)=[T0,T1,T2,…,T 100 ] = [30.2℃, 30.5℃, 31.0℃, ..., 48.6℃], where, Indicates the position of the simulated conductor. The surface temperature at time 10.0 seconds.

[0073] Assuming at position 45.0m (i.e. Significant temperature rise occurs at (e.g.) If the temperature at a location is close to ambient temperature (approximately 30–32°C), it can be preliminarily determined that corona discharge activity exists at that location.

[0074] Understandably, by calculating the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light at various locations along the distributed optical fiber, and combining this with a pre-calibrated temperature-intensity ratio, the absolute temperature value at the corresponding location can be demodulated, thereby constructing a temperature data sequence distributed along the fiber length. Since the distributed optical fiber is tightly bonded to the metal coating, this temperature data sequence can accurately reflect the local temperature rise and its spatial distribution characteristics on the metal coating surface caused by corona discharge.

[0075] Furthermore, since the Raman scattered light components generated at different locations in the distributed optical fiber are received at different times, by accurately calculating the time difference between the light pulse injection time and the return time of the scattered signal, and combining it with the propagation speed of light in the optical fiber, the temperature data can be accurately mapped to the corresponding physical location of the metal coating, thereby realizing the spatial positioning of the corona temperature rise event.

[0076] Meanwhile, temperature demodulation is achieved by using the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light, which effectively suppresses common-mode interference factors such as light source power fluctuations, fiber bending loss, and connector insertion loss, significantly improving the stability and anti-interference capability of temperature measurement.

[0077] Furthermore, this method eliminates the need to pre-set discrete sensing points on the optical fiber, enabling continuous, real-time, and in-situ reconstruction of the temperature field across the entire length of the simulated conductor. This provides a high-resolution and highly reliable data foundation for the quantitative analysis and risk assessment of the thermal effects of corona discharge.

[0078] 104. Based on the receiving time, the injection time of the optical pulse signal, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber, corresponding to the time-domain perturbation characteristics in the Rayleigh scattering sub-signal, the target location of corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating is determined. The time-domain perturbation characteristics are the Rayleigh scattering time-domain anomalies caused by local perturbations in the distributed optical fiber when the optical pulse signal propagates to the corona discharge location.

[0079] The time-domain perturbation feature refers to the transient abnormal signal appearing in the time-domain waveform of the Rayleigh scatterer signal, caused by external physical disturbances (such as local thermal expansion, micro-vibrations, or electromagnetic forces caused by corona discharge). This anomaly manifests as abrupt changes, enhancement, or waveform distortion in the intensity or phase of the Rayleigh scattered light at a specific time point. Its generation mechanism lies in the fact that when the optical pulse propagates to a localized region of the disturbed optical fiber, the refractive index or strain state of that region changes instantaneously, thereby modulating the returned Rayleigh scattered light. In this application, this perturbation feature is excited by corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating and is a key signal identifier for locating discharge events.

[0080] The reception time corresponding to the time-domain perturbation feature refers to the moment when the aforementioned time-domain perturbation feature is actually received, that is, the time when the Rayleigh scattering anomalous signal caused by the perturbation arrives at the receiving end. Since light propagates at a finite speed in distributed optical fibers, there is a definite time delay between this reception time and the injection time of the optical pulse signal. This delay is proportional to the distance from the location of the perturbation to the incident end of the optical fiber.

[0081] The target location refers to the specific axial coordinate position where corona discharge occurs on the surface of the metal coating. This target location is determined as follows: the time difference is calculated based on the injection time of the optical pulse signal and the reception time corresponding to the time-domain perturbation characteristics. This time difference is then combined with the speed of light propagation in the distributed optical fiber, using the formula... The physical distance at which the disturbance occurs is calculated (divided by 2 because of the round-trip propagation of the optical pulse). Since the distributed optical fiber is closely attached to the metal coating, this distance corresponds to the target location where corona discharge occurs on the metal coating.

[0082] In some embodiments, in order to enable dynamic tracking and quantitative analysis of the local thermal response process caused by corona discharge, the method further includes:

[0083] Acquire a temperature data sequence within a preset time period. The temperature data sequence includes temperature values ​​corresponding to each spatial location along the length of the distributed optical fiber.

[0084] Determine the target spatial location corresponding to the target location from various spatial locations along the length of the distributed optical fiber;

[0085] Obtain continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location from a temperature data sequence within a preset time period;

[0086] By analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location, the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location are obtained.

[0087] The preset time period is a pre-defined continuous time interval used to collect and analyze the dynamic evolution of temperature during corona discharge. This time period can cover the entire process of corona discharge initiation, development, and decay, with typical durations ranging from hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes, and can be configured according to discharge intensity, thermal response speed, and system sampling frequency.

[0088] The target spatial location refers to a specific physical coordinate point along the length of the distributed optical fiber that corresponds to the location where corona discharge occurs. This location is mapped from the target location determined based on the Rayleigh scatterer signal. Since the distributed optical fiber and the metal coating are closely bonded, they correspond one-to-one in axial space. Therefore, the target spatial location represents the precise location where corona discharge occurs on the metal coating.

[0089] Continuous temperature data refers to a series of temperature values ​​collected sequentially over time at a target spatial location within the preset time period, forming a time series. This data reflects the complete process of temperature change over time at that location under the influence of corona discharge, for example: ,in For the i-th sampling time, This represents the temperature value at the corresponding moment.

[0090] The corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics refer to a set of quantitative parameters used to characterize the dynamic characteristics of the corona discharge thermal effect, obtained by analyzing and processing the above continuous temperature data (such as curve fitting, differential calculation, feature extraction, etc.). These parameters include, but are not limited to, temperature rise amplitude, thermal response time constant, peak temperature rise, temperature rise rate, thermal relaxation time, and temperature rise duration.

[0091] Peak temperature is the maximum temperature rise relative to the ambient temperature.

[0092] The rate of temperature rise is the slope of the temperature rise phase, reflecting the speed of energy injection during discharge.

[0093] Thermal relaxation time is the time required for the temperature to drop back to a steady state after the discharge stops, reflecting the heat dissipation capacity.

[0094] The duration of temperature rise is the length of time the temperature remains above the threshold.

[0095] It is understandable that the sampling time corresponding to the currently acquired temperature data sequence is determined as the reference time, and based on the reference time, a set of historical and subsequent temperature data sequences within the time range before and after it are acquired, thereby forming a time window centered on or offset from the reference time, which serves as a preset time period for constructing the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature.

[0096] In some embodiments, the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics include at least one of the following: peak temperature rise, temperature rise rate, thermal relaxation time, and temperature rise duration.

[0097] In some embodiments, to improve the sensing accuracy and anti-interference capability of the corona discharge thermal evolution process, continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location is obtained from a temperature data sequence within a preset time period, including:

[0098] The temperature data sequence within a preset time period includes temperature data at each time point from multiple temperature sampling locations distributed along the distributed optical fiber at preset spatial sampling intervals.

[0099] Multiple temperature data sequences are aligned according to their corresponding temperature sampling locations and time points to form a three-dimensional data matrix characterizing the temperature change of the conductor surface with location and time.

[0100] Generating spatiotemporal temperature cloud maps based on three-dimensional data matrices;

[0101] Obtain continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location from the temperature spatiotemporal cloud map.

[0102] Among them, the temperature sampling position refers to the discrete temperature measurement point along the surface of the metal coating of the distributed optical fiber according to the preset spatial sampling interval. Each position corresponds to a fixed physical coordinate on the metal coating (such as 0m, 1m, 2m, etc. from the injection end).

[0103] Temperature data at each sampling location at its respective time point refers to the instantaneous temperature value recorded at each sampling location at different sampling times. For example, at sampling times t1, t2, ..., t... n Position x i The corresponding temperature value is T(x) i ,t1),T(x i ,t2),…,T(x i , t n ), which constitutes the temperature sequence at that location.

[0104] A three-dimensional data matrix is ​​a structured data volume consisting of temperature sampling locations, sampling times, and temperature values, formally represented as T∈R N×M Where N is the number of temperature sampling locations, M is the number of sampling times included in the preset time period, and T(x) i ,t j The matrix represents the temperature data measured at the i-th temperature sampling location and the j-th sampling time. This matrix fully characterizes the joint variation of the surface temperature of the metal coating with location and time.

[0105] In some embodiments, in order to achieve a quantitative assessment of the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics, continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location is analyzed and processed to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, including:

[0106] Based on the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location, the time point when the temperature rise rate first exceeds the preset threshold is identified as the corona initiation time point, and the corresponding temperature rise curve is extracted from the continuous temperature data starting from the corona initiation time point.

[0107] The temperature rise curve was subjected to exponential fitting to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant, which characterize the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor. The temperature rise amplitude is used to characterize the energy intensity of the corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating, and the thermal response time constant is used to characterize the speed of the thermal response of the metal coating under the action of corona discharge.

[0108] The rate of temperature rise refers to the change in temperature per unit time, which is approximately calculated by the ratio of the temperature difference between adjacent sampling times to the time interval. ,in, The temperature difference between adjacent sampling times. For time intervals.

[0109] The preset threshold is a critical value for the rate of temperature rise used to determine the initiation of corona discharge. Its value is set according to the thermal inertia of the conductor material, the ambient noise level, and the typical thermal response characteristics of corona discharge (e.g., 1°C / s, 2°C / s, or a dynamic adaptive value), and stored in the control unit.

[0110] The temperature rise curve refers to the trajectory of the temperature at the target spatial location rising over time from the corona initiation point. It is a monotonically or approximately monotonically increasing temperature-time function, reflecting the heat accumulation process under the continuous action of corona discharge.

[0111] The temperature rise amplitude refers to the steady-state temperature increase caused by corona discharge, that is, the difference between the temperature after the temperature rise curve tends to plateau and the temperature at the onset of corona discharge. It can be understood that the greater the temperature rise amplitude, the more intense the discharge, and the higher the risk of insulation aging.

[0112] The thermal response time constant reflects the combined characteristics of the conductor's thermal inertia and heat dissipation capacity. The smaller the thermal response time constant, the faster the thermal response, indicating concentrated partial discharge or good heat dissipation conditions; conversely, the response is slow.

[0113] In some embodiments, to achieve quantitative characterization of the corona discharge thermal effect, the temperature rise curve is subjected to exponential fitting to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant characterizing the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor, including:

[0114] Constructing an exponential fitting model ,in, The initial temperature. The time point at which the corona discharge begins. The temperature rise The thermal response time constant is given, and the initial temperature is given. Determined based on the temperature at the corona initiation point on the temperature rise curve;

[0115] Using multiple time-temperature data points from the temperature rise curve as input, a nonlinear least squares method is employed to iteratively adjust the number of parameters. and Minimize the sum of squared errors between the output of the exponential fitting model and the measured temperature data;

[0116] The parameter that minimizes the sum of squared errors and The temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant were determined to characterize the corona thermal response of the conductor.

[0117] Assume that the corona is detected at the target spatial location at the time point of initiation. =5.0s, at which time the temperature is =32.0℃. The subsequent temperature rise curve was collected at... The internal temperature data are shown in Table 1:

[0118]

[0119] Table 1 shows the measured time-temperature data for the target spatial location in the temperature rise curve.

[0120] Constructing an exponential fitting model ,in , =5.0 is fixed, and the parameters to be fitted are: and The nonlinear least squares iterative optimization method was used to finally obtain the parameters that minimize the sum of squared errors: temperature rise A = 13.0℃, thermal response time constant. =1.2s. The fitted model is: .

[0121] This indicates that the corona discharge caused a local steady-state temperature rise of approximately 13°C in the conductor, with a rapid thermal response (reaching a temperature rise of approximately 63% within 1.2 seconds), reflecting strong but concentrated discharge energy. These parameters serve as the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics for subsequent early warning or historical comparison analysis.

[0122] In some embodiments, to effectively distinguish between abnormal temperature rise caused by corona discharge and temperature fluctuations caused by non-discharge sources such as environmental interference, sunlight, and pollution heat generation, after performing exponential fitting on the temperature rise curve to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant characterizing the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor, the method further includes:

[0123] Obtain the occurrence time of the temporal perturbation features corresponding to the target location;

[0124] If the difference between the corona initiation time and the occurrence time of the time-domain disturbance feature is less than the preset time threshold, it is confirmed that the abnormal temperature at the target location is caused by corona discharge, and the corona thermal response temperature rise feature is retained for subsequent early warning.

[0125] Otherwise, if the abnormal temperature at the target location is determined to be caused by factors other than corona discharge, the temperature rise curve and fitting results are discarded.

[0126] The occurrence time of the time-domain perturbation feature corresponding to the target location refers to the actual physical moment when the time-domain perturbation feature (such as intensity abrupt change or phase jump) generated in the distributed optical fiber by the local perturbation excited by the corona discharge on the metal coating surface in the Rayleigh scatterer signal occurs.

[0127] For example, at 5.8 seconds, the optical signal transceiver unit is triggered to inject an optical pulse signal into the distributed optical fiber (i.e., the time of occurrence of the time-domain perturbation feature corresponding to the target location is...). =5.8s). Subsequently, the temperature rise curve of the target location was extracted from the continuous temperature data, and the corona initiation time point was identified as 5.8s. =5.2s.

[0128] because =5.2s< =5.8s, which satisfies the causal condition of "temperature rise precedes pulse triggering". The control unit confirms that the abnormal temperature is caused by corona discharge, retains the fitted temperature rise amplitude A=11.5℃ and thermal response time constant τ=1.3s, and enters the early warning process.

[0129] Conversely, if the identified corona initiation time is If the temperature rise occurs after the TDR trigger (5.8s later than the launch time), it indicates that the temperature rise occurred after the TDR trigger. This may be caused by transient Joule heating due to pulse injection, electromagnetic interference, or data noise. The control unit will discard the temperature rise curve and all fitted parameters and will not generate an early warning, thereby effectively suppressing false alarms.

[0130] In some embodiments, to achieve graded control and proactive intervention of corona discharge risk, after analyzing and processing continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes:

[0131] Obtain the mapping relationship between preset warning levels and preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics;

[0132] Based on the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the corresponding target warning level is determined from the mapping relationship between the preset warning level and the preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics;

[0133] Send the corresponding warning signal to the objects associated with the target warning level.

[0134] Among them, the preset warning level refers to the risk level divided according to the severity of corona discharge, which usually includes four levels: "normal", "caution", "warning" and "serious". Each level corresponds to different handling strategies and notification targets.

[0135] The preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics refer to a set of typical quantitative parameters that are pre-established to characterize the thermal effects caused by corona discharges of different intensities. This set of characteristics has a clear correspondence with the energy level, duration and potential hazard of corona discharges, including but not limited to the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant.

[0136] The mapping relationship between preset warning levels and preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics is a pre-established set of rules or data structures used to associate corona discharge thermal response characteristics of different intensities or degrees of hazard with corresponding risk levels. This mapping relationship uses preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics (such as temperature rise amplitude, thermal response time constant, temperature rise rate, etc.) as input criteria and preset warning levels (such as "normal", "caution", "warning", "serious", etc.) as output results to achieve automatic risk assessment and graded alarm for measured corona thermal response status.

[0137] The target warning level is the current risk level obtained by matching the temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response.

[0138] The objects associated with the target warning level refer to the pre-configured devices that receive warning information. For example, the "attention" level notifies the inspection APP, while the "serious" level simultaneously triggers the sound and light alarm and pushes it to the dispatch center's large screen.

[0139] Warning signals are structured messages that include warning level, location, characteristic parameters, and recommended measures, and can be sent via wireless networks, SMS, platform interfaces, etc.

[0140] In some embodiments, to eliminate the interference of environmental factors on temperature measurement and improve the accuracy of corona thermal response characteristics, after analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes:

[0141] Obtain the environmental parameters of the current environment of the simulated conductor;

[0142] The temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response are compensated and corrected based on environmental parameters.

[0143] The current environment refers to the meteorological and geographical conditions surrounding the simulated conductor at the time of the abnormal temperature occurrence, including but not limited to light intensity, ambient temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and altitude.

[0144] Environmental parameters are quantifiable physical quantities that characterize the current environment. They are obtained from meteorological sensors or third-party data interfaces and include: ambient temperature. Wind speed Solar irradiance wait.

[0145] Compensation correction refers to the process of mathematically adjusting the temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response based on environmental parameters to eliminate the influence of non-corona heat sources. It is usually achieved through empirical formulas, lookup tables, or machine learning models.

[0146] For example, the current temperature rise is A = 10.5℃, and the thermal response time constant is... =1.8s, simultaneously acquire environmental parameters: ambient temperature =35 Wind speed =0.5m / s (light breeze), direct sunlight (high irradiance), control unit calls up compensation model: ,in =0.1, =0.02, the calculated spurious temperature rise is approximately 2.0°C contributed by sunshine and high temperature. After correction: τ remains unchanged (due to low wind speed, the heat dissipation effect is small), and the corrected temperature rise and thermal response time constant more accurately reflect the corona energy, avoiding misjudging "high temperature + sunshine" as strong corona.

[0147] In some embodiments, considering that adjacent conductors may affect the local thermal environment of the conductors at the target location through electromagnetic coupling, thermal radiation, or airflow disturbance in the scenario of multiple lines erected on the same tower, after analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes:

[0148] Obtain the operating status parameters of at least one adjacent simulated conductor within a preset time period. The at least one adjacent simulated conductor is located in the same physical region as the simulated conductor. The operating status parameters include at least one of voltage, current, and conductor surface temperature.

[0149] Based on the operating status parameters of the adjacent simulated conductor, the degree of interference of the adjacent simulated conductor on the local thermal environment at the target location is evaluated.

[0150] The temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response are compensated and corrected according to the degree of interference.

[0151] The physical area refers to the spatially adjacent range of conductors that have the potential for thermal or electromagnetic interaction. It usually refers to parallel conductor segments on the same tower, in the same corridor, or with a spacing smaller than a preset distance (such as 0.5 meters or 1 meter).

[0152] Adjacent simulated conductors are other high-voltage conductors located within the physical area that are not in the same phase / circuit as the simulated conductors but may interfere with their thermal environment.

[0153] Operating status parameters reflect real-time data on the electrical and thermal conditions of adjacent conductors, including at least one of voltage, current, surface temperature, and load rate, which can be obtained from SCADA systems, online monitoring devices, or distributed optical fibers.

[0154] The interference level is an index of the impact of the nearby simulated conductor on the thermal environment of the target location, which is obtained by quantification. It can be calculated based on factors such as current magnitude (Joule heating), distance (thermal radiation attenuation), and wind direction (thermal convection). The output is the interference coefficient α∈[0,1].

[0155] For example, if another adjacent simulated conductor is placed within a preset range of the simulated conductor (e.g., 0.1-1 meters away from the simulated conductor), and the extracted temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor at the target location show A=9.0℃, =2.0s. Obtain the operating status parameters of the adjacent conductor: current I = 1200A (high load), surface temperature T = 58℃, only 3 meters away from the conductor in the example. The control unit assesses the interference level: due to the high current and close distance, the interference coefficient α is determined to be 0.3 (i.e., approximately 30% of the temperature rise may come from the thermal radiation of the adjacent simulated conductor), and compensation correction is performed: The corrected temperature rise indicates that the corona energy is weak and no immediate action is required, thus avoiding false alarms caused by high loads on nearby lines.

[0156] In some embodiments, the corona thermal state sensing system further includes an oscilloscope connected between the output of the optical signal transceiver unit and the analog conductor, for real-time acquisition and recording of the waveform, amplitude, rise time, and propagation delay of the optical pulse signal injected into the analog conductor and its reflected echo; the oscilloscope transmits the acquired signal data to the control unit to support accurate analysis of pulse reflection events and high-precision location of abnormal positions.

[0157] In some embodiments, when an abnormal temperature point appears at a certain location on the metal coating, the control unit will receive the waveform distortion of the pulse reflection signal captured by the oscilloscope and transmit it to the control unit.

[0158] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1b As shown, in a laboratory or testing environment, a high-voltage power supply is connected to plate electrodes, and wires are arranged on an insulating hanger. Different inter-electrode electric field distributions can be simulated by adjusting the distance between the insulating hanger and the metal plate (i.e., plate electrodes). This distance is usually in the range of 10-150cm.

[0159] In summary, the embodiments of this application can accurately locate and measure the position of the corona discharge of the simulated conductor, and further analyze the temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response at that position, thereby realizing the identification and assessment of early thermal hazards caused by corona, effectively improving the fault early warning capability, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the conductor.

[0160] To better implement the above methods, this application also provides a corona discharge location and temperature measurement device based on simulated wires. This device can be integrated into an electronic device, such as a terminal or server. The terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, smart Bluetooth device, laptop computer, or personal computer; the server can be a single server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers.

[0161] For example, in this embodiment, a method of the present application embodiment will be described in detail by taking a corona discharge positioning and temperature measurement device based on simulated wires specifically integrated into an electronic device.

[0162] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, this corona discharge positioning and temperature measurement device based on simulated conductors is suitable for the control unit in a corona thermal sensing system. The control unit is communicatively connected to an optical signal transceiver unit, which is optically coupled to a distributed optical fiber. The outer surface of the distributed optical fiber is coated with a metal layer. The distributed optical fiber and the metal layer together constitute a simulated conductor. The metal layer is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of a high-voltage power supply, and the reference terminal of the high-voltage power supply is grounded. Under the high voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply, corona discharge is generated on the surface of the metal layer. The device may include a signal injection unit 201, a signal receiving unit 202, a temperature determination unit 203, and a position determination unit 204, as follows:

[0163] (a) Signal injection unit 201.

[0164] The signal injection unit 201 is used to control the optical signal transceiver unit to inject optical pulse signals into the distributed optical fiber.

[0165] (ii) Signal receiving unit 202.

[0166] The signal receiving unit 202 is used to receive backscattered signals returned by distributed optical fibers based on optical pulse signals through the optical signal transceiver unit. The backscattered signals include Raman scatterer signals and Rayleigh scatterer signals.

[0167] (III) Temperature determination unit 203.

[0168] The temperature determination unit 203 is used to determine the temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scatterer signal. Each temperature value in the temperature data sequence corresponds to a different position of the metal coating along its length direction, which is used to characterize the spatial distribution of local temperature rise caused by corona discharge on the metal coating.

[0169] In some embodiments, the Raman scatterer signal includes scattered light components generated at different locations along the distributed optical fiber and received at different times;

[0170] Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scatterer signal, the temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber is determined, including:

[0171] The spatial location of each scattered light component is determined based on the time difference between the injection time of the optical pulse signal and the reception time of each scattered light component, as well as the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber.

[0172] Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the scattered light component at each spatial location, the temperature value corresponding to each spatial location is obtained by demodulation, forming a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber.

[0173] (iv) Location determination unit 204.

[0174] The location determination unit 204 is used to determine the target location of corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating based on the receiving time corresponding to the time-domain perturbation characteristics in the Rayleigh scattering signal, the injection time of the optical pulse signal, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber. The time-domain perturbation characteristics are the Rayleigh scattering time-domain anomalies caused by local perturbations in the distributed optical fiber when the optical pulse signal propagates to the corona discharge location.

[0175] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0176] Acquire a temperature data sequence within a preset time period. The temperature data sequence includes temperature values ​​corresponding to each spatial location along the length of the distributed optical fiber.

[0177] Determine the target spatial location corresponding to the target location from various spatial locations along the length of the distributed optical fiber;

[0178] Obtain continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location from a temperature data sequence within a preset time period;

[0179] By analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location, the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location are obtained.

[0180] In some embodiments, continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location is analyzed and processed to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, including:

[0181] Based on the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location, the time point when the temperature rise rate first exceeds the preset threshold is identified as the corona initiation time point, and the corresponding temperature rise curve is extracted from the continuous temperature data starting from the corona initiation time point.

[0182] The temperature rise curve was subjected to exponential fitting to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant, which characterize the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor. The temperature rise amplitude is used to characterize the energy intensity of the corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating, and the thermal response time constant is used to characterize the speed of the thermal response of the metal coating under the action of corona discharge.

[0183] In some embodiments, the temperature rise curve is subjected to exponential fitting to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant characterizing the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor, including:

[0184] Constructing an exponential fitting model ,in, The initial temperature. The time point at which the corona discharge begins. The temperature rise The thermal response time constant is given, and the initial temperature is given. Determined based on the temperature at the corona initiation point on the temperature rise curve;

[0185] Using multiple time-temperature data points from the temperature rise curve as input, a nonlinear least squares method is employed to iteratively adjust the number of parameters. and Minimize the sum of squared errors between the output of the exponential fitting model and the measured temperature data;

[0186] The parameter that minimizes the sum of squared errors and The temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant were determined to characterize the corona thermal response of the conductor.

[0187] In some embodiments, after performing exponential fitting on the temperature rise curve to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant characterizing the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor, the method further includes:

[0188] Obtain the occurrence time of the temporal perturbation features corresponding to the target location;

[0189] If the difference between the corona initiation time and the occurrence time of the time-domain disturbance feature is less than the preset time threshold, it is confirmed that the abnormal temperature at the target location is caused by corona discharge, and the corona thermal response temperature rise feature is retained for subsequent early warning.

[0190] Otherwise, if the abnormal temperature at the target location is determined to be caused by factors other than corona discharge, the temperature rise curve and fitting results are discarded.

[0191] In some embodiments, after analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes:

[0192] Obtain the mapping relationship between preset warning levels and preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics;

[0193] Based on the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the corresponding target warning level is determined from the mapping relationship between the preset warning level and the preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics;

[0194] Send the corresponding warning signal to the objects associated with the target warning level.

[0195] In some embodiments, after analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes:

[0196] Obtain the environmental parameters of the current environment of the simulated conductor;

[0197] The temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response are compensated and corrected based on environmental parameters.

[0198] In some embodiments, after analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes:

[0199] Obtain the operating status parameters of at least one adjacent simulated conductor within a preset time period. The at least one adjacent simulated conductor is located in the same physical region as the simulated conductor. The operating status parameters include at least one of voltage, current, and conductor surface temperature.

[0200] Based on the operating status parameters of the adjacent simulated conductor, the degree of interference of the adjacent simulated conductor on the local thermal environment at the target location is evaluated.

[0201] The temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response are compensated and corrected according to the degree of interference.

[0202] In practice, each of the above units can be implemented as an independent entity or can be arbitrarily combined to be implemented as the same or several entities. For the specific implementation of each of the above units, please refer to the previous method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0203] Therefore, the embodiments of this application can accurately locate and measure the position of the simulated conductor corona discharge.

[0204] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling related hardware. These instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

[0205] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a plurality of instructions that can be loaded by a processor to execute the steps in any of the corona discharge location and temperature measurement methods based on simulated wires provided in embodiments of this application.

[0206] The storage medium may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc.

[0207] Since the instructions stored in the storage medium can execute the steps in any of the methods for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on simulated wires provided in the embodiments of this application, the beneficial effects that any of the methods for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on simulated wires provided in the embodiments of this application can achieve can be realized. For details, please refer to the previous embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0208] According to one aspect of this application, a computer program product or computer program is provided, comprising a computer program / instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads the computer program / instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer program / instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the method provided in the above embodiments regarding corona discharge localization and temperature measurement based on analog wires.

[0209] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a method and apparatus for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on simulated wires, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for corona discharge localization and temperature measurement based on simulated conductors, characterized in that, A control unit is applicable to a corona thermal sensing system. The control unit is communicatively connected to an optical signal transceiver unit, which is optically coupled to a distributed optical fiber. The outer surface of the distributed optical fiber is coated with a metal layer. The distributed optical fiber and the metal layer together form an analog conductor. The metal layer is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of a high-voltage power supply. The reference terminal of the high-voltage power supply is grounded. Under the high voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply, corona discharge is generated on the surface of the metal layer. The method includes: The optical signal transceiver unit is controlled to inject optical pulse signals into the distributed optical fiber; The optical transceiver unit receives the backscattered signal returned by the distributed optical fiber based on the optical pulse signal. The backscattered signal includes Raman scatterer signals and Rayleigh scatterer signals. Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scatterer signal, a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber is determined. Each temperature value in the temperature data sequence corresponds to a different position of the metal coating along its length direction, which is used to characterize the spatial distribution of local temperature rise caused by corona discharge on the metal coating. Based on the reception time corresponding to the time-domain perturbation characteristics in the Rayleigh scatterer signal, the injection time of the optical pulse signal, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber, the target location of the corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating is determined. The time-domain perturbation characteristics are the Rayleigh scattering time-domain anomalies caused by local perturbations in the distributed optical fiber when the optical pulse signal propagates to the corona discharge location.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The Raman scatterer signal includes scattered light components generated at different locations along the distributed optical fiber and received at different times; The determination of the temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scattering sub-signal includes: Based on the time difference between the injection time of the optical pulse signal and the reception time of each scattered light component, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber, the spatial position corresponding to each scattered light component is determined. Based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the scattered light component at each spatial location, the temperature value corresponding to each spatial location is obtained by demodulation, forming a temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Acquire a temperature data sequence within a preset time period, the temperature data sequence including temperature values ​​corresponding to each spatial location along the length of the distributed optical fiber; From each spatial location along the length of the distributed optical fiber, determine the target spatial location corresponding to the target location; Obtain continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location from the temperature data sequence within the preset time period; By analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location, the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location are obtained.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location includes: Based on the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location, the time point when the temperature rise rate first exceeds a preset threshold is identified as the corona initiation time point, and the corresponding temperature rise curve is extracted from the continuous temperature data starting from the corona initiation time point. The temperature rise curve is subjected to exponential fitting to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant, which characterize the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor. The temperature rise amplitude is used to characterize the energy intensity of the corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating, and the thermal response time constant is used to characterize the speed of the thermal response of the metal coating under the action of corona discharge.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The exponential fitting process performed on the temperature rise curve to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant characterizing the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor includes: Constructing an exponential fitting model ,in, The initial temperature. The time point at which the corona discharge begins. The temperature rise The initial temperature is the thermal response time constant. The temperature is determined based on the temperature at the corona initiation point of the temperature rise curve. Using multiple time-temperature data points from the temperature rise curve as input, a nonlinear least squares method is employed to iteratively adjust the number of parameters. and Minimize the sum of squared errors between the output value of the exponential fitting model and the measured temperature data; The parameter that minimizes the sum of squared errors and The temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant were determined to characterize the corona thermal response of the conductor.

6. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, After performing exponential fitting on the temperature rise curve to obtain the temperature rise amplitude and thermal response time constant characterizing the corona thermal response of the simulated conductor, the method further includes: Obtain the occurrence time of the temporal perturbation feature corresponding to the target location; If the difference between the corona initiation time and the occurrence time of the time-domain disturbance feature is less than a preset time threshold, then it is confirmed that the abnormal temperature at the target location is caused by corona discharge, and the corona thermal response temperature rise feature is retained for subsequent early warning. Otherwise, if the abnormal temperature at the target location is determined to be caused by factors other than corona discharge, the temperature rise curve and fitting results are discarded.

7. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes: Obtain the mapping relationship between preset warning levels and preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics; Based on the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the corresponding target warning level is determined from the mapping relationship between the preset warning level and the preset corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics; Send the corresponding warning signal to the object associated with the target warning level.

8. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes: Obtain the environmental parameters of the environment in which the simulated conductor is currently located; The temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response are compensated and corrected based on the environmental parameters.

9. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After analyzing and processing the continuous temperature data corresponding to the target spatial location to obtain the corona thermal response temperature rise characteristics of the metal coating at the target location, the method further includes: Obtain the operating status parameters of at least one adjacent simulated conductor within a preset time period. The at least one adjacent simulated conductor is located in the same physical region as the simulated conductor. The operating status parameters include at least one of voltage, current and conductor surface temperature. Based on the operating status parameters of the adjacent simulated conductor, the degree of interference of the adjacent simulated conductor on the local thermal environment at the target location is evaluated; The temperature rise characteristics of the corona thermal response are compensated and corrected according to the degree of interference.

10. A device for corona discharge location and temperature measurement based on simulated wires, characterized in that, A control unit suitable for a corona thermal sensing system, wherein the control unit is communicatively connected to an optical signal transceiver unit, the optical signal transceiver unit is optically coupled to a distributed optical fiber, the outer surface of the distributed optical fiber is coated with a metal layer, the distributed optical fiber and the metal layer together form an analog conductor, the metal layer is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of a high-voltage power supply, the reference terminal of the high-voltage power supply is grounded, and corona discharge is generated on the surface of the metal layer under the high voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply. The device includes: A signal injection unit is used to control the optical signal transceiver unit to inject optical pulse signals into the distributed optical fiber; The signal receiving unit is used to receive, through the optical signal transceiver unit, the backscattered signal returned by the distributed optical fiber based on the optical pulse signal, wherein the backscattered signal includes Raman scatterer signals and Rayleigh scatterer signals; The temperature determination unit is used to determine the temperature data sequence distributed along the length of the distributed optical fiber based on the intensity ratio of Stokes light to anti-Stokes light in the Raman scatterer signal. Each temperature value in the temperature data sequence corresponds to a different position of the metal coating along its length direction, and is used to characterize the spatial distribution of local temperature rise caused by corona discharge on the metal coating. The location determination unit is used to determine the target location of the corona discharge on the surface of the metal coating based on the reception time corresponding to the time-domain perturbation feature in the Rayleigh scattering sub-signal, the injection time of the optical pulse signal, and the propagation speed of light in the distributed optical fiber. The time-domain perturbation feature is the Rayleigh scattering time-domain anomaly caused by local perturbation of the distributed optical fiber when the optical pulse signal propagates to the corona discharge location.

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