Building component collaborative installation protocol, method and system based on BIM data chain

Abstract

The invention discloses a building component collaborative installation protocol, method and system based on a BIM data link, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent construction. The core of the method lies in creating a unified data chain penetrating through the whole life cycle of design, production and construction of building components; based on the design coordinates of the components in the data chain, a space coordinate instruction for driving a field execution mechanism is generated through coordinate conversion; and the components are driven to be aligned and locked on site according to instructions, the actual installation state is fed back to the data chain, and a digital-physical closed loop is formed. The system core adopts a cloud-edge-end architecture, and comprises a cloud collaboration platform, a field edge computing unit and a programmable physical interface module integrated on a component. According to the method, the problem of digitized fault from BIM design to field installation is thoroughly solved, millimeter-level precision and process automation of component installation are achieved, and a key infrastructure is provided for intelligent construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent construction and building industrialization, specifically to a collaborative installation protocol, method, and system for building components based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) data chains. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the construction industry is undergoing a transformation from traditional manual construction to industrialized and digital construction. Although BIM technology has been widely applied in the design phase, achieving a high degree of digitalization in design, the construction phase still heavily relies on workers' experience for manual interpretation, layout, and installation, resulting in a serious "digital disconnect." The lack of a precise and automated connection between the digital model in the design phase and the physical world in the construction phase leads to industry pain points such as "fast prefabrication, slow installation" and "able to install, but inaccurate installation."

[0003] In existing technologies, component installation mainly relies on two-dimensional drawings and manual measurement and positioning, resulting in low accuracy and efficiency. Although some attempts have been made to use BIM models for construction simulation, a unified, driven, and feedback-enabled data chain that runs through the entire lifecycle of components (design, production, logistics, and construction) has not yet been formed. There is a lack of real-time, closed-loop collaborative protocols between the installation actions of physical components and the instructions of the digital model, making it impossible to achieve true "data-driven construction."

[0004] Therefore, the industry urgently needs a collaborative protocol and method that can bridge the digital gaps across the entire industry chain and automatically and seamlessly transform BIM data into precise physical installation actions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Purpose of the invention This invention aims to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of existing technologies and provide a collaborative installation protocol, method, and system for building components based on BIM data chains. Its core objective is to establish a "data backbone network" that runs through design, production, and construction, transforming digital instructions into physical actions through a unified protocol. This enables rapid, precise, and automated installation of building components, thereby driving a fundamental shift in construction methods from "craftsman experience" to "digital processes."

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, this invention provides a component collaborative installation method based on BIM data chain, the core of which lies in three interconnected steps that form a complete "digital-physical" closed loop: 1. Data Chain Construction Steps: Create and maintain a unified data chain indexed by the unique identifier of the component. This data chain synchronizes and links all key data of the component throughout its entire lifecycle (design, factory production, and on-site installation), including its geometric properties, material information, design coordinates in the BIM model, manufacturing coordinates in the factory, and target installation coordinates and real-time status on the construction site.

[0007] 2. Coordinate Command Generation and Distribution Steps: Based on the target installation coordinates of the components in the aforementioned data chain, a built-in coordinate transformation engine automatically generates spatial coordinate commands that can be understood and executed by on-site installation actuators (such as robotic arms, adjustable support frames, and guiding devices). These commands are then distributed in real-time via a wireless network to the installation control system bound to the specific component, such as an edge computing unit or on-site control unit deployed on-site.

[0008] 3. Installation Execution and Status Feedback Steps: The field control unit drives the actuator to guide the component or its alignment device to the spatial pose specified by the command. During installation, the actual pose and locking status of the component are collected through the feedback mechanism of the sensor or programmable physical interface, and this information is transmitted back to the data link in real time to update the component status and complete the closed loop.

[0009] Secondly, the present invention provides a data link system for collaborative installation of building components to implement the above-mentioned method, characterized in that it adopts a three-layer architecture of "cloud-edge-device": • Cloud-based collaborative platform: As a data hub, it stores and manages a unified data chain and runs coordinate transformation and task scheduling algorithms.

[0010] • On-site edge computing unit: Deployed on the construction project site, responsible for receiving cloud commands, controlling the local actuator network, and aggregating and transmitting on-site sensor data.

[0011] • Programmable Physical Interface Module: Integrated into every building component (such as wall panels and floor slabs), it serves as the terminal connecting digital commands to the physical world. It includes at least a unique identification code (such as an RFID chip or QR code) and mechanical structures for guiding alignment and locking. Advanced versions may also integrate pose sensors.

[0012] Thirdly, the present invention provides a medium storing a computer program and a corresponding electronic device, which can implement the above-mentioned method by running the program.

[0013] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. Completely break down digital barriers: A direct channel was established from BIM model to physical installation, eliminating information silos and realizing full-process digital driving.

[0014] 2. Revolutionary improvement in installation accuracy: Through precise coordinate commands driven by data link and an automatic centering and locking mechanism, the installation accuracy is improved from the centimeter level to the millimeter level, with extremely high consistency.

[0015] 3. Significantly improved construction efficiency: The complex installation process is simplified into a standard "hoisting-alignment-locking" action, which greatly reduces the time spent on manual adjustment, measurement and calibration, and enables rapid placement.

[0016] 4. Laying the foundation for intelligent construction: This protocol and method define a clear "perception-decision-execution" interface, which is a key infrastructure for the implementation of advanced intelligent construction applications such as construction robots and digital twins.

[0017] 5. Quality Traceability: The complete data chain records the "digital history" of each component, realizing full transparency and quality traceability in the construction process. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the collaborative installation data chain system for building components provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The main flowchart of the component collaborative installation method based on BIM data chain provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a logical diagram illustrating the coordinate transformation and instruction generation process in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a detailed flowchart of the installation, execution, and feedback steps in an embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the decoupling process of "automatic centering" and "rigid locking". Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0020] Example 1: Component Collaborative Installation Method Based on BIM Data Chain This embodiment is described in detail. Figure 2 The method flow is shown.

[0021] S101: Data Chain Construction. During the design phase, when designers create components in BIM software (such as Revit), the system automatically assigns each component a globally unique identifier (UUID). This identifier, along with all the component's design attributes (geometry, material) and its design coordinates in the BIM model space (usually coordinates in a local coordinate system), is published to the cloud-based collaborative platform, forming the initial node of the data chain. During the factory production phase, when the production management system receives a production task from the cloud-based collaborative platform, it obtains the component's design data by scanning the component's UUID on the task sheet. CNC machining equipment produces components based on this data and assigns the same UUID to the component entity in the form of a QR code or RFID tag. Simultaneously, it records the precise manufacturing coordinates of key functional interfaces on the component (such as lifting holes and anchor holes) in the component's own coordinate system and uploads them to the cloud, linking them to the UUID. During the construction preparation phase, the project management system retrieves the UUIDs and design coordinates of all components to be installed from the cloud. Construction BIM engineers perform coordinate system association and calibration between the design coordinates and the actual building control network at the construction site. Through a unified coordinate transformation, they generate the theoretical installation coordinates of all components in the global coordinate system at the construction site and store them in the cloud data chain.

[0022] S102: Coordinate command generation and issuance. For example... Figure 3 As shown, when a component is scheduled for installation on-site, the installation scheduling system requests its theoretical installation coordinates from the cloud data link using its UUID. The coordinate transformation engine performs inverse calculations based on these coordinates and the known coordinates of the on-site support system (such as scaffolding or robot base). The core of the inverse calculation is solving a spatial geometry problem: given the target spatial pose (P_target) of the "programmable physical interface" on the component and the current pose of the actuator (such as the end effector of a robotic arm), the motion parameters required to drive the actuator (such as joint angles and linear displacements) are calculated. These parameters are encapsulated into a structured data instruction package (e.g., in JSON format, containing fields such as instruction type, target UUID, target coordinates, and motion speed). This instruction package is then transmitted in real-time via a wireless local area network (such as Wi-Fi 6 or a 5G private network) to the on-site edge computing unit responsible for the installation station.

[0023] S103: Installation Execution and Feedback. For example... Figure 4As shown, this step is completed collaboratively with the component, which integrates a programmable physical interface, under the control of the on-site edge computing unit. S1031: Component hoisting and identification. The component is hoisted to the vicinity of the installation area. The on-site edge computing unit automatically scans and reads the UUID on the component using a UHF RFID reader or visual recognition system. S1032: Instruction retrieval and execution preparation. Based on the UUID, the edge computing unit retrieves the corresponding installation instructions from the local cache or cloud and drives the actuator (e.g., a three-degree-of-freedom adjustable support head) to the pre-position specified by the instruction. S1033: Guided alignment (in-plane decoupling). The component continues to fall, and its alignment device (e.g., a sleeve with a guide ramp) contacts the docking device (e.g., a conical locking pin) on the actuator. Under the action of the mechanical guide surface, even with initial deviations, the horizontal force (XZ plane) automatically "pushes" the docking device towards the center of the alignment device, achieving self-alignment. This process is the first decoupling action, compensating for most of the installation deviations. S1034: Rigid Locking (Normal Decoupling). After alignment, the edge computing unit issues a locking command. The independent locking mechanism on the actuator (such as a set screw driven by an electric screwdriver) actuates, driving the locking pin to extend radially and engage with the annular groove of the alignment device. This is an action that mainly occurs in the Y direction (perpendicular to the mounting surface), with almost no disturbance to the already aligned horizontal position. This is the second decoupling action, completing the final fixation. S1035: Status Feedback and Closed Loop. After the pressure sensor or displacement sensor on the locking mechanism confirms that the locking is in place, the edge computing unit uploads the signal "Installation Complete, Status: Locked" along with the final measured coordinates of the component (which can be calculated through feedback from a total station or actuator encoder) to the cloud collaborative platform. The platform then updates the status of the component in the data chain to "Installed," completing the closed loop of a single installation cycle.

[0024] Example 2: Data Link System for Collaborative Installation of Building Components Combination Figure 1This embodiment describes a system for implementing the above method. The system 100 includes a cloud collaboration platform 110, a field edge computing unit 120, and a programmable physical interface module 130. The cloud collaboration platform 110 is deployed on a cloud server and includes a data link management module 111, a BIM model library 112, a coordinate transformation engine 113, and a task scheduling module 114. Each module communicates through an internal API. The field edge computing unit 120 uses an industrial-grade embedded computer or a ruggedized industrial control computer and is deployed at the construction site. It includes an instruction receiving and parsing module 121, a motion control card 122, a field communication gateway 123 (supporting RFID, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.), and a local database 124. The motion control card 122 outputs pulse signals to control a servo motor, thereby driving the actuator 125. The programmable physical interface module 130 includes a mechanical part and an electronic part. The mechanical part is a guiding and locking mechanism consistent with the inventor's previous patent application (such as a rapid positioning and docking device). The electronic part is a passive ultra-high frequency RFID tag 131 that stores the component's UUID. In advanced configurations, a low-power Bluetooth module and a micro inertial measurement unit can be added for more accurate pose feedback.

[0025] Example 3: Computer Equipment and Media This embodiment provides a computer device for implementing the above-described method. The device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements all or part of the steps of the method described in Embodiment 1. Furthermore, this embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium (such as a USB flash drive, portable hard drive, ROM, RAM, disk, or optical disc, etc.) storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements all or part of the steps of the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0026] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A component collaborative installation method based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) data chain, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Data chain construction steps: Create and maintain a unified data chain that spans the entire lifecycle of building component design, factory production, logistics and transportation and on-site construction. The data chain uses the unique identifier of each component as an index to associate and synchronize its design attributes, production parameters, spatial coordinate instructions and installation status. Coordinate command generation and issuance steps: Based on the design spatial coordinates of the components in the data chain, an executable spatial coordinate command for driving the on-site installation actuator is generated through a preset coordinate transformation rule, and the command is issued to the programmable physical interface bound to the component or the corresponding installation control system; Installation execution and feedback steps: During the on-site installation phase, the actuator is driven to move the component or its alignment device to the target pose according to the executable spatial coordinate command, and the actual installation pose data is collected through the programmable physical interface or sensing device, and the component installation status is updated in the data chain.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data chain construction steps specifically include: Design-side data injection: During the design phase, define the unique identifier for the component and mark its design space coordinates and physical interface specifications in the BIM model; Production-side data association: During the factory production stage, the unique identifier is bound to the entity of the component, and its physical interface is recorded in the manufacturing coordinates of the component's own coordinate system; Construction-side data mapping: During the construction preparation phase, the manufacturing coordinates are associated and mapped with the building coordinate system of the construction site to generate the theoretical installation coordinates of the components in the target building.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coordinate transformation rules in the coordinate command generation and issuance steps specifically include: First transformation: Convert the design space coordinates of the components in the BIM model into the target coordinates of the physical interfaces of the components in the building global coordinate system; Second conversion: Based on the target coordinates and the coordinates of the on-site support system, the action coordinate command for driving the actuator is calculated. The actuator includes a robotic arm, an adjustable support head, or an automatic guide device.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The installation execution and feedback steps further include: Pose guidance and decoupling: The executable spatial coordinate command drives the actuator to make the alignment device on the component contact the docking device fixed at the target coordinate, and automatically compensates for the initial pose deviation through the mechanical guide surface to complete the alignment in the installation plane; Rigid locking and confirmation: After centering is completed, an independent locking mechanism is triggered to complete the rigid fixation of the component in the normal direction, and the locking status is confirmed by the sensor, and the "locked" status is fed back to the data link.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the pose guidance and decoupling step, when the actual alignment deviation exceeds a preset threshold, the method automatically triggers any or all of the following processes: (a) Generate a deviation alarm and push it to the field terminal; (b) Dynamically fine-tune the executable spatial coordinate command based on the deviation data, and perform iterative alignment attempts; (c) Based on the preset tolerance logic, determine whether to accept the current deviation and continue to perform locking, and record the actual final pose data into the data chain.

6. A data link system for collaborative installation of building components for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The cloud-based collaborative platform is used to maintain the unified data chain, perform coordinate transformation calculations, and manage data synchronization and version control between the design, production, and construction ends. An on-site edge computing unit, deployed at the construction site, is used to receive the executable spatial coordinate commands, control the actuators, and collect on-site feedback data. The programmable physical interface module, integrated on the building component, includes an identification tag, an alignment guidance mechanism, and a locking status sensor, used to interact with the actuator or docking device and report identity and status data to the edge computing unit.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The programmable physical interface module includes an identification chip, and the field edge computing unit includes an identification reader. When the component is hoisted to the installation area, the identification reader automatically reads the unique identifier in the identification chip and retrieves the executable spatial coordinate command corresponding to the identifier from the local or cloud data chain, and automatically starts the alignment and installation process.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

Images