Novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation and algae bloom control method

Abstract

The invention belongs to but is not limited to the technical field of water body ecological restoration, and discloses a novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation and an algae bloom control method. The floating island comprises a buoyancy bearing unit, an ecological purification unit, a dynamic light control power generation unit, an oxygenation and light supplement unit, an environment monitoring unit and an electric control unit. An ecological floating island serves as a main body, a rollable photovoltaic panel is integrated on the periphery, and opening and closing of the photovoltaic panel, starting and stopping of aeration equipment and light supplementing of a lamp strip are controlled in a linkage mode through real-time monitoring data of a light intensity meter and an oxygen meter. According to the invention, a collaborative treatment mode of'dynamic light control by the rollable photovoltaic panel, aeration and oxygenation and central ecological plant purification 'is constructed, the problems that in the prior art, algal inhibition and grass protection cannot be considered at the same time, linkage control is lacked and the integration level is low are solved, active inhibition of algal blooms in the shallow water eutrophication water body and collaborative remediation of a water ecological system can be realized, and the ecological ecological system is improved. The device is self-sufficient in energy, high in intelligent degree and wide in application scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to, but is not limited to, the technical field of water ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation and an algal bloom control method. Background Art

[0002] Eutrophication problems are widespread in shallow lakes and reservoirs. The accumulation of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus can easily lead to abnormal algal growth and the formation of algal blooms, which in turn trigger a series of ecological and environmental problems such as decreased water transparency, odor, death of aquatic organisms, and landscape degradation. In recent years, using ecological floating islands to plant emergent plants to purify water quality has become one of the important measures for shallow water body restoration. Ecological floating islands can remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutants in water through plant absorption, rhizosphere microbial action, and suspension particle interception, and can improve the water ecological environment to a certain extent.

[0003] However, existing ecological floating island technologies mainly focus on plant purification and landscape improvement, lacking systematic active regulation capabilities for the key limiting factors (light, dissolved oxygen in water, and habitat regulation) during the process of algal bloom outbreaks. On the one hand, algae, especially cyanobacteria, are extremely prone to rapid proliferation under high temperature, strong light, and eutrophic conditions. Conventional ecological floating islands are difficult to effectively suppress algal outbreaks in the short term through passive plant absorption. On the other hand, the restoration of submerged plants and beneficial aquatic organisms in water highly depends on suitable light environments and dissolved oxygen conditions. Simply suppressing algae by shading easily leads to hypoxia in the lower layer of the water body, which is not conducive to the growth of submerged plants and the stability of the overall water ecosystem.

[0004] Although existing water surface photovoltaic facilities can suppress algae by shading, most of them are fixedly arranged, and the shading intensity cannot be adjusted, making it difficult to balance "algae suppression" and "grass protection". At the same time, traditional aeration devices often operate independently, lacking linkage control with the shading system and unable to respond promptly according to environmental changes. Although some existing underwater light supplementation devices can provide light sources for submerged plants, they usually rely on external energy supply, with low device integration, and it is difficult to form a collaborative working mechanism with the floating island ecological purification unit and the algal bloom prevention and control unit.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel device that integrates an ecological floating island, adjustable light shielding, solar power supply, aeration and oxygenation, environmental monitoring, and intelligent control, enabling it to dynamically adjust the shading intensity according to light and dissolved oxygen conditions, purify water quality by planting emergent plants on the ecological floating island, and promote the restoration of submerged plants in cooperation with aeration and light environment regulation, thereby achieving the active suppression of algal blooms and the collaborative restoration of the water ecosystem.

[0006] In view of the above analysis, the technical problems that urgently need to be solved in the existing technology are as follows:

[0007] (1) Conventional ecological floating islands can only passively absorb and purify water quality through plants. They lack the ability to actively regulate the key limiting factors of algal blooms and cannot effectively suppress algal blooms in the short term.

[0008] (2) Simply shading to suppress algae can easily lead to hypoxia in the lower layer of the water body, making it difficult to balance the needs of algae suppression with the growth and recovery of submerged plants and beneficial aquatic organisms.

[0009] (3) The existing water surface photovoltaic shading facilities are fixed and the shading intensity is not adjustable. The aeration and supplementary lighting devices and the shading system lack linkage control, have low integration, cannot form a collaborative working mechanism, and have insufficient energy self-sufficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a novel method for controlling ecological floating islands and algal blooms based on light and biological manipulation.

[0011] This invention is achieved as follows: a novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation, comprising a buoyancy-bearing unit, an ecological purification unit, a dynamic light-controlled power generation unit, an oxygenation and supplemental lighting unit, an environmental monitoring unit, and an electrical control unit;

[0012] The buoyancy bearing unit includes a buoyancy frame, a buoyancy base, and an inner frame support. The buoyancy base is located at the lower part of the buoyancy frame to provide buoyancy support for the device. The inner frame support is fixedly connected to the buoyancy frame to form the bearing skeleton of the device.

[0013] The ecological purification unit includes an ecological soil grid set in the middle of the inner frame support. The ecological soil grid is used to hold the planting substrate and plant emergent plants.

[0014] The dynamic light-controlled power generation unit includes a rollable photovoltaic panel, a motor, and a connecting main shaft. The connecting main shaft is rotatably mounted on a buoyancy frame. One end of the rollable photovoltaic panel is fixedly connected to the connecting main shaft. The motor is driven by the connecting main shaft to drive the connecting main shaft to rotate forward and backward, so as to realize the unfolding and rewinding of the rollable photovoltaic panel.

[0015] The oxygenation and lighting unit includes an aeration device and an adjustable light strip. The aeration device is installed below the ecological soil grid or at the inner frame support, and the adjustable light strip is installed at the periphery of the inner frame support or the ecological soil grid.

[0016] The environmental monitoring unit includes a light intensity meter and an oxygen meter, which are used to monitor the ambient light intensity and dissolved oxygen concentration in the water in real time.

[0017] The electronic control unit is electrically connected to the motor, the rollable photovoltaic panel, the aeration equipment, the adjustable light strip, the light intensity meter, and the oxygen analyzer, respectively. It is used to control the opening and closing of the rollable photovoltaic panel, the start and stop of the aeration equipment, and the working status of the adjustable light strip based on the monitoring data of the light intensity meter and the oxygen analyzer.

[0018] Furthermore, the rollable photovoltaic panel adopts a flexible photovoltaic module. After being unfolded, the rollable photovoltaic panel covers the edge of the ecological soil grid and maintains a gap with the plant area inside the ecological soil grid.

[0019] Furthermore, the motor is a waterproof and corrosion-resistant low-speed, high-torque drive mechanism with built-in limit, self-locking, and overload protection modules.

[0020] Furthermore, the buoyancy frame is made of corrosion-resistant metal or high-strength composite material, and the whole is a ring-shaped or polygonal support structure; the buoyancy base is a sealed float or a hollow floating body structure.

[0021] Furthermore, the ecological soil grid is a grid-like and modular design, filled with lightweight ecological substrate or planting soil, for planting at least one emergent plant among reeds, cattails, irises, and aquatic canna lilies.

[0022] Furthermore, the aeration device employs microporous aeration strips, aeration discs, or nano-aeration elements.

[0023] Furthermore, the adjustable light strip is a waterproof and sealed LED light strip.

[0024] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring unit also includes at least one of temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll, or cyanobacteria concentration sensing modules.

[0025] Furthermore, the electronic control unit is a waterproof and sealed control chamber, which houses a controller, a power management module, an energy storage module, a data acquisition module, and a communication module.

[0026] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for controlling algal blooms on ecological floating islands based on light and biological manipulation, the method comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1, On-site deployment: Transport the device to the target water area, place it on the water surface, and connect it to the underwater anchor or the fixed structure on the shore through mooring ropes to make the device float stably;

[0028] S2, Power-on Start-up: Connects the electrical control unit and energy storage power supply system, checks the connection and operating status of each electrical component, and executes the self-test program to complete the initialization settings;

[0029] S3, Dynamic Shading Power Generation: The ambient light intensity and dissolved oxygen in the water are continuously monitored by a light intensity meter and an oxygen meter. When strong light, high temperature or increased risk of algal bloom is detected, the electronic control unit controls the motor to drive the rollable photovoltaic panel to unfold, forming a shading cover for the surface water. At the same time, the photovoltaic panel generates electricity to power the device. When the ambient light decreases or natural light needs to be restored, the motor drives the photovoltaic panel to roll back and retract.

[0030] S4, Synchronous Aeration and Local Supplemental Lighting: When the photovoltaic panels are deployed to block light and the dissolved oxygen in the water decreases, the electronic control unit automatically starts the aeration equipment to oxygenate the water. If necessary, the adjustable light strip is activated simultaneously to provide directional weak light compensation. When the photovoltaic panels are rolled up, natural light is restored, or dissolved oxygen rises, the aeration intensity is gradually reduced or the light strip is turned off.

[0031] S5, Parameter Control: Control parameters are set through the electronic control unit. The system automatically adjusts the working state of the device based on the threshold value compared with real-time environmental data to achieve fine control. The control parameters include light intensity threshold, dissolved oxygen threshold, photovoltaic panel opening and closing degree, aeration start and stop conditions, and light strip brightness and duration.

[0032] S6, Abnormal Protection: When encountering strong winds and waves, equipment overload, or mechanical jamming, the electrical control unit automatically controls the photovoltaic panels to rewind and retract; when the equipment malfunctions, the system automatically alarms and switches to protection mode.

[0033] S7, Monitoring and Linkage: During the operation of the device, environmental and equipment operation data are continuously collected, recorded synchronously, and transmitted to the shore platform via wireless communication. Multiple devices can form a networked control system to achieve coordinated operation.

[0034] S8, Maintenance and Management: Regularly inspect, clean, repair and calibrate the equipment, and reset and test the whole machine after repairing or replacing faulty parts.

[0035] Based on the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solution to be protected by this invention are as follows:

[0036] This invention integrates ecological floating island purification, adjustable surface shading, appropriate underwater light supplementation, solar power generation, aeration and oxygenation, and intelligent monitoring and control into a single device. It constructs a collaborative governance model of "dynamic light control of rollable photovoltaic panels - aeration and oxygenation - central ecological plant purification". Compared with traditional single ecological floating islands or fixed water surface photovoltaics, it can simultaneously address algal bloom suppression and submerged plant restoration, fundamentally avoiding the industry pain point of "simple shading to suppress algae but suppressing weeds and reducing oxygen". It achieves active suppression of algal blooms and collaborative restoration of aquatic ecology.

[0037] The rollable photovoltaic panel used in this invention has dual functions of dynamic shading and clean energy supply. It can flexibly adjust its opening and closing state according to real-time light intensity and dissolved oxygen conditions. It can weaken algal photosynthesis by shading during periods of strong light and high risk of algal blooms, and can roll up to ensure natural light in the water during periods of low light. At the same time, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel can completely supply the operation of all electrical components in the device, which significantly improves the intelligence level and energy self-sufficiency of the device and can operate stably for a long time without external power supply.

[0038] This invention uses a modular ecological soil grid in the center to plant emergent plants, which can continuously remove nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from the water through plant absorption, rhizosphere microbial attachment, and plant root interception, achieving long-term water purification. At the same time, it provides a habitat for microorganisms and small aquatic organisms, improving the water landscape effect. It forms a synergistic effect with the outer dynamic light control unit, which is "outer ring light control and algae suppression, central ecological purification and restoration", taking into account both short-term algal bloom control and long-term aquatic ecosystem restoration.

[0039] The aeration device of this invention can automatically start and stop according to the low oxygen state of the water body, effectively alleviating the problem of local water hypoxia under shading or nighttime conditions, and providing a more stable suitable environment for emergent plant rhizosphere microorganisms, submerged plants and beneficial aquatic organisms; the matching adjustable light strip can provide directional weak light compensation when necessary, and form a coordinated linkage with the rollable photovoltaic panel, further ensuring the growth needs of aquatic plants and achieving a balance between algae suppression and grass protection.

[0040] The device of this invention is highly modular, compact in structure, and has strong anti-overturning ability. It can be deployed independently or multiple devices can be networked and operated in a coordinated manner. It is suitable for long-term ecological management of shallow lakes, bays, landscape water bodies and areas with high algal blooms. It has a wide range of applicable scenarios and is convenient for operation and maintenance management.

[0041] (1) The expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of this invention after transformation are as follows:

[0042] This device can be widely used in the treatment and ecological restoration of various shallow lakes, reservoirs, urban landscape water bodies, rivers and other eutrophic water bodies in China, with broad market demand. The device achieves energy self-sufficiency and intelligent operation, which greatly reduces operation and maintenance costs. It can be commercialized through various models such as single-unit sales, project contracting, and operation and maintenance services. At the same time, it can help water treatment projects achieve multiple goals such as algae control, water quality improvement and ecological restoration, and has significant environmental and economic benefits.

[0043] (2) The technical solution of this invention fills a technical gap in the industry both domestically and internationally:

[0044] Currently, there is no mature technology in the industry that integrates flexible dynamic photovoltaic light control, ecological floating island purification, aeration and oxygenation, and intelligent linkage control into a single device. Existing technologies are all single-function or simple combinations, which cannot achieve multi-objective synergistic regulation of "algae suppression-grass protection-light control-oxygenation-purification". This invention fills the technological gap in this field and provides a brand-new technical path for the prevention and control of algal blooms and ecological restoration of shallow eutrophic water bodies.

[0045] (3) The technical solution of the present invention solves a technical problem that people have long wanted to solve but have never been able to solve successfully:

[0046] In the treatment of shallow eutrophic water bodies, "algae suppression" and "submerged plant restoration" have always been a core contradiction: both algae and submerged plants depend on sunlight. Simply shading to suppress algae inevitably leads to insufficient light for submerged plants, while shading exacerbates oxygen deficiency in the lower layers of the water, further hindering the growth of submerged plants. This problem has long remained unsolved. This invention, through a dynamically adjustable photovoltaic shading system, combined with an integrated aeration and directional supplemental lighting system, simultaneously suppresses algal photosynthesis while ensuring the dissolved oxygen and basic light required for the growth of submerged plants, thus solving the long-standing technical challenge in the industry of "the inability to simultaneously suppress algae and protect vegetation."

[0047] (4) The technical solution of the present invention overcomes technical bias:

[0048] In existing technologies, the industry generally believes that the core functions of ecological floating islands are plant purification and landscape enhancement, while the core function of water surface photovoltaics is power generation. The two can only be combined in simple applications and cannot achieve deep functional synergy. Furthermore, it is generally believed that shading and algae suppression, water oxygenation, and aquatic plant restoration are conflicting and cannot be synchronously controlled through an integrated device. This invention overcomes this technological bias by using a rollable photovoltaic panel as both the core component for algae control and the core for energy supply, and the ecological floating island as the core for purification and structural support. Through an intelligent electronic control system, it achieves full-process linkage of shading, aeration, supplemental lighting, and purification. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method for controlling algal blooms on ecological floating islands based on light and biological manipulation provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 Comparison of water quality indicators of ecological floating islands under different lighting conditions.

[0052] In the diagram: 1. Motor, 2. Rollable photovoltaic panel, 3. Buoyancy frame, 4. Buoyancy base, 5. Connecting main shaft, 6. Ecological soil grid, 7. Aeration equipment, 8. Light intensity meter and oxygen meter, 9. Electrical control unit, 10. Adjustable light strip, 11. Inner frame support. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0054] The present invention provides a novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation. The device takes the ecological floating island as the main body and combines it with a rollable photovoltaic panel, aeration and oxygenation equipment, light intensity and dissolved oxygen monitoring unit and intelligent electronic control system to construct a water surface ecological restoration and algal bloom control device that can be dynamically adjusted according to environmental conditions.

[0055] The device is a floating frame structure that floats on the surface of the target water area. An outer buoyancy frame 3 and a buoyancy base 4 provide sufficient buoyancy and lateral stability. An ecological soil grid 6 is located in the center for planting emergent plants, forming the core purification unit of the ecological floating island. Emergent plants absorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from the water, and through the attachment of rhizosphere microorganisms and the interception effect of plant roots, they purify the water, stabilize the central habitat of the floating island, and improve the landscape.

[0056] A rollable photovoltaic panel system is installed around the perimeter of the ecological floating island. The rollable photovoltaic panels 2 utilize flexible photovoltaic modules and, together with the connecting main shaft 5, motor 1, and winding mechanism, form a dynamic light control unit. In the unfolded state, the photovoltaic panels extend inwards from the outer ring, covering the vicinity of the central ecological plant area, while maintaining a certain gap to avoid completely shading the central plant area and to allow space for ventilation, maintenance, and biological exchange. In the wound state, the photovoltaic panels are wound back around the connecting main shaft 5, without affecting the overall stability and maintenance of the floating island. This structure enables the device to perform three functions: power generation, shading, and dynamic opening and closing adjustment. During periods of strong light, high temperature, and high risk of algal blooms, the photovoltaic panels unfold, reducing the light intensity entering the water and inhibiting surface algal photosynthesis. During periods of weak light or when it is necessary to enhance the light received by the water, the photovoltaic panels retract, allowing natural light to moderately enter the water.

[0057] The device is equipped with both aeration equipment 7 and adjustable light strips 10. The aeration equipment 7 is positioned below the central ecological soil grid 6 or near the inner frame support 11, supplying oxygen to the plant root zone and the water below the floating islands, increasing local dissolved oxygen levels, mitigating the risk of hypoxia caused by shading, and promoting the formation of a suitable environment for rhizosphere microorganisms and submerged plants. The adjustable light strips 10 are positioned appropriately around the inner frame support 11 or the periphery of the central ecological zone, providing directional low-light compensation when necessary to maintain the ecological needs of local underwater plants or beneficial algae, and coordinating with the rollable photovoltaic panels.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation provided in this embodiment of the invention has the following specific structure:

[0059] Motor 1 drives the rollable photovoltaic panel 2 to unfold and rewind. It is connected to the main shaft 5 and rotates forward or backward under the control of the electronic control unit 9 to achieve automatic opening and closing of the photovoltaic panel 2 under different operating conditions. Motor 1 preferably employs a waterproof, corrosion-resistant, low-speed, high-torque drive mechanism and is equipped with limit, self-locking, and overload protection functions to ensure the photovoltaic panel opens and closes properly and operates safely and reliably.

[0060] A rollable photovoltaic panel 2 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and dynamically adjust the surface illumination of the water body. Made of flexible photovoltaic material, it can be rolled up and stored around the connecting main shaft 5, or unfolded from the outer edge towards the center to form a shading cover around the perimeter of the central area of ​​the floating island. When unfolded, the rollable photovoltaic panel 2 covers the vicinity of the edge of the ecological soil grid 6, but maintains a certain gap with the plant area to accommodate algae suppression, plant growth, air exchange, and maintenance needs. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 2 powers the motor 1, aeration equipment 7, adjustable light strip 10, light intensity meter and oxygen meter 8, and electrical control unit 9.

[0061] The buoyancy frame 3 forms the external load-bearing skeleton of the device and connects the various functional components. It is preferably made of corrosion-resistant metal or high-strength composite material, forming a ring-shaped or polygonal support structure. It is used to install the rollable photovoltaic panel 2, connect the main shaft 5, the electrical control unit 9, and related electrical and structural components, ensuring that the device has good overall rigidity and stability in water.

[0062] The buoyancy base 4 is used to provide buoyancy support for the device in the water. It is located at the lower part of the buoyancy frame 3, and is preferably a sealed float or hollow floating body structure, to support the entire ecological floating island device to float on the water surface and improve the device's anti-overturning ability and stress uniformity.

[0063] The connecting spindle 5 serves as the core component for winding and unwinding the rollable photovoltaic panel 2. One or both ends of it are connected to the motor 1, which drives the rotational motion. The connecting spindle 5 also serves to fix the edge of the photovoltaic panel, guide the winding, and transmit torque, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel maintains a stable trajectory during unwinding and rewinding, preventing significant skewing, loosening, or jamming.

[0064] Ecological Soil Grid 6 is used to contain the planting substrate and cultivate emergent plants. Located in the center of the device, it is the core biological purification unit of the ecological floating island. Ecological Soil Grid 6 can adopt a grid-like, modular design, filled with lightweight ecological substrate or planting soil, and planted with emergent plants such as reeds, cattails, irises, and aquatic cannas. Through plant absorption, rhizosphere attachment, and ecological filtration, nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutants in the water are removed, while providing a habitat for microorganisms and small aquatic organisms.

[0065] Aeration equipment 7 is used to supply air to the water below the central ecological soil grid 6 or the lower part of the floating island, thereby increasing the dissolved oxygen level in the local water. It can use microporous aeration strips, aeration discs, or nano-aeration elements, connected to the air supply pipeline and drive device. It operates automatically during low-oxygen periods or at night to avoid local hypoxia under shading conditions, improve the rhizosphere of plants and the water environment below the floating island, and inhibit anaerobic release and odor generation.

[0066] A light intensity meter and oxygen analyzer 8 are used to monitor ambient light intensity and dissolved oxygen concentration in water in real time. The collected parameters are input into the electronic control unit 9, serving as an important basis for determining the opening and closing degree of the photovoltaic panel 2, the start and stop of the aeration equipment 7, and the working status of the adjustable light strip 10. This monitoring unit can be further expanded with sensors for temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll, or cyanobacteria concentration as needed.

[0067] The electrical control unit 9 is used for intelligent control and energy management of the entire system. It is a waterproof and sealed control compartment containing a controller, power management module, energy storage module, data acquisition module, and communication module. The electrical control unit 9 is electrically connected to the motor 1, the rollable photovoltaic panel 2, the aeration equipment 7, the light intensity meter and oxygen analyzer 8, and the adjustable light strip 10. It can automatically execute opening / closing, aeration, supplemental lighting, and protection strategies based on preset programs or real-time sensor data.

[0068] The adjustable light strip 10 is used to provide artificial lighting when natural light is insufficient, the photovoltaic panels are deployed to block light, or local light ecological conditions need to be maintained at night. It preferably uses waterproof, sealed LED light strips and can be deployed on the inner frame support 11 or around the perimeter of the central ecological zone. Its on / off state, brightness, and operating duration can be adjusted according to control commands. The light strip 10 can be used to maintain a suitable light environment in the central plant area and surrounding water of the floating island, and forms a synergistic control with the rollable photovoltaic panels 2.

[0069] The inner frame support 11 supports internal functional components such as the central ecological soil grid 6, aeration equipment 7, and adjustable light strip 10, and connects to the external buoyancy frame 3. The inner frame support 11 serves as the load-bearing skeleton of the central planting unit and the mounting base for internal equipment, enabling the central ecological floating island and the outer dynamic light control module to form a stable integrated structure.

[0070] The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation described in this invention operates on a core mechanism of "light energy acquisition—environmental perception—intelligent regulation—ecological purification," achieving a balance between water body restoration and energy self-sufficiency. After the device is deployed into the water, the buoyancy base 4 provides overall buoyancy support, and the buoyancy frame 3 and inner frame support 11 form a stable structure, ensuring the ecological soil grid 6 is centrally located and remains horizontal. During the day, the rollable photovoltaic panel 2 unfolds under the control of the electronic control unit 9, converting light energy into electrical energy by receiving solar radiation. This electrical energy is prioritized for powering the electronic control system, monitoring unit, and aeration equipment 7. Simultaneously, according to a set strategy, the surface of the water is moderately shaded, thereby inhibiting excessive photosynthesis by phytoplankton such as cyanobacteria.

[0071] The light intensity meter and oxygen analyzer 8 collect ambient light intensity and dissolved oxygen concentration in real time and transmit the data to the electronic control unit 9. Based on preset thresholds and control logic, the electronic control unit 9 sends commands to the motor 1, driving the main shaft 5 to unfold or retract the photovoltaic panel 2 to dynamically change the shading range. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is detected to be low, the aeration device 7 is automatically activated to supply air to the water below the ecological soil grid 6, thereby increasing the dissolved oxygen level, improving the rhizosphere environment, and inhibiting anaerobic reactions.

[0072] In cases of insufficient light, nighttime, or when the photovoltaic panels are shaded, the electronic control unit 9 controls the adjustable light strip 10 to turn on based on the light intensity signal, providing supplemental light for the emergent plants in the ecological soil grid 6, maintaining their normal photosynthetic capacity, and thus ensuring continuous nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and organic matter degradation. The plant roots and attached microorganisms together constitute an ecological purification system that adsorbs, decomposes, and transforms pollutants.

[0073] Furthermore, the system utilizes energy storage and energy management modules to store and distribute photovoltaic power generation, ensuring continuous operation at night and in low-light environments. The entire system employs multi-sensor fusion and closed-loop control to dynamically optimize the light environment, dissolved oxygen levels in the water, and the ecological purification process, thereby effectively inhibiting eutrophication and restoring the ecosystem.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the specific steps of the ecological floating island algal bloom control method based on light and biological manipulation provided in this embodiment of the invention are as follows:

[0075] S1, On-site Deployment: Transport the entire device to the shallow lake / reservoir where algal blooms are prevalent, and deploy it at the selected location in the target water area. Connect the buoyancy frame 3 to the underwater anchor or shoreline fixed structure using mooring ropes to ensure the device floats stably on the target water surface. Ensure the buoyancy base 4 is evenly stressed, the device is stable, the rollable photovoltaic panel 2 is positioned in a sunny location, and the central ecological soil grid 6 is maintained in its normal planting state.

[0076] S2, Power-on Start-up: Connect the electronic control unit 9 and the energy storage power supply system, and check the connection and operating status of the motor 1, the rollable photovoltaic panel 2, the aeration device 7, the light intensity meter and oxygen analyzer 8, and the adjustable light strip 10. During the first start-up, the electronic control unit 9 executes a self-test program to initialize the opening and closing limits, sensor data, energy storage status, and abnormal protection parameters.

[0077] S3, Dynamic Shading Power Generation: During operation, the light intensity meter and oxygen meter 8 continuously monitor the ambient light intensity and dissolved oxygen in the water. When strong light, high temperature, or increased risk of algal blooms are detected, the electronic control unit 9 sends a control command to the motor 1, driving the connecting main shaft 5 to rotate, causing the rollable photovoltaic panel 2 to unfold towards the center. The unfolded photovoltaic panel 2 forms a shading cover on the surface water, reducing the light intensity entering the water and weakening algal photosynthesis; at the same time, the photovoltaic panel 2 continues to generate electricity and power the device. When the ambient light decreases or natural light needs to be restored, the motor 1 drives the photovoltaic panel 2 to roll back and retract, reducing the shading of the central vegetation area and the surrounding water.

[0078] S4, Synchronous Aeration and Local Supplemental Lighting: When the photovoltaic panel 2 is deployed to block light and the dissolved oxygen in the water tends to decrease, the electronic control unit 9 automatically starts the aeration equipment 7 to oxygenate the water below the central ecological grid 6 and around the device. If necessary, the adjustable light strip 10 can be activated simultaneously to provide directional weak light compensation to the water around the central plant area, maintaining the basic light environment of the local ecosystem and avoiding plant growth restriction due to continuous shading. As the photovoltaic panel 2 is rolled up, natural light recovers, or dissolved oxygen rises, the electronic control unit 9 can gradually reduce the aeration intensity or turn off the light strip to save energy.

[0079] S5, Parameter Control: During operation, users can set parameters such as light intensity threshold, dissolved oxygen threshold, photovoltaic panel opening / closing degree, aeration start / stop conditions, and light strip brightness and duration through the control interface of the electronic control unit 9 or a remote communication platform. The system automatically compares the thresholds based on real-time environmental data and adjusts the working status of the rollable photovoltaic panel 2, aeration equipment 7, and adjustable light strip 10 to achieve precise control. For example, the system can be set to automatically unfold the photovoltaic panel to a predetermined opening degree during the midday strong light period and automatically close the shading and maintain low-intensity aeration during the early morning or cloudy / rainy low light periods.

[0080] S6, Abnormal Protection: The device is equipped with multiple safety protection mechanisms. In the event of strong winds, waves, equipment overload, or mechanical jamming, the electrical control unit 9 can automatically control the motor 1 to retract the flexible photovoltaic panel 2 to a rolled-up state, reducing the wind-exposed area and protecting structural safety. When the aeration equipment 7, light strip 10, or sensors malfunction, the system can automatically alarm and switch to protection mode. When the stored energy is insufficient, priority is given to ensuring the operation of core monitoring and control functions, suspending secondary loads. The electrical control unit 9 and related sealed chambers can be equipped with waterproof, leak-proof, and overcurrent protection to improve the long-term operational reliability of the entire device.

[0081] S7, Monitoring and Linkage: During device operation, the light intensity meter and oxygen analyzer 8 continuously collect light and dissolved oxygen data, while the electrical control unit 9 simultaneously records the photovoltaic power generation status, aeration operation status, light strip working status, and equipment health information, which can be transmitted to the shore platform via wireless communication. Multiple ecological floating island devices can form a networked control system, achieving coordinated opening and closing, coordinated aeration, and coordinated early warning based on the algal bloom risk, light, and dissolved oxygen status of different areas, thereby expanding the effects of algal control and ecological restoration.

[0082] S8, Maintenance and Management: Regularly inspect and maintain the device. This includes cleaning dust, algae film, and dirt from the surface of the rollable photovoltaic panel 2 to maintain power generation efficiency; checking the transmission status of the motor 1 and the connecting main shaft 5 to ensure smooth opening and closing; checking the stability and sealing of the connection between the buoyancy frame 3 and the buoyancy base 4; checking the growth status of plants in the ecological soil grid 6 and replanting, pruning, or replacing the substrate as needed; maintaining the aeration equipment 7 to prevent clogging of the aeration holes; calibrating the light intensity meter and oxygen meter 8; and checking the sealing, corrosion protection, and wiring status of the electrical control unit 9 and the light strip 10. After repairing or replacing faulty parts, a complete system reset and functional test should be performed to ensure the device returns to normal operation.

[0083] The ecological floating island algal bloom control method based on light and biological manipulation described in this invention operates on the core principle of "light environment regulation—dissolved oxygen adjustment—ecological purification—intelligent closed-loop control." Through the coordinated action of multi-source sensing and execution units, it achieves proactive intervention and continuous suppression of the algal bloom process. After deployment in the target water area, the device floats stably using its buoyancy structure. The central ecological grid 6 constructs an ecological purification unit primarily composed of emergent plants and their rhizosphere microorganisms, continuously absorbing and transforming nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutants in the water, thus providing key nutrient resources for algal growth.

[0084] During operation, the light intensity meter and oxygen meter 8 monitor the ambient light intensity and dissolved oxygen in the water in real time, and the electronic control unit 9 makes dynamic decisions based on the collected data and preset thresholds. When high light intensity or increased risk of algal bloom is detected, the control motor 1 drives the main shaft 5 to unfold the rollable photovoltaic panel 2, which provides shading to the water surface, weakening the photosynthetic efficiency of algae at the source and inhibiting its rapid reproduction. At the same time, the photovoltaic panel 2 completes the conversion of light energy into electrical energy during the shading process, providing continuous energy for the system and realizing the integration of "algae control and energy supply".

[0085] Since shading may cause a local decrease in dissolved oxygen, the system replenishes oxygen to the water body through linkage control of aeration equipment 7, improving the reoxygenation conditions of the water body, inhibiting anaerobic decomposition and the release of endogenous pollutants, and maintaining the normal metabolic environment of plant roots. When there is insufficient light or the shading condition continues, the electronic control unit 9 can activate the adjustable light strip 10 as needed to provide directional weak light compensation to the central plant area, ensuring that plant photosynthesis is not significantly affected, thereby maintaining the continuity of ecological purification capacity.

[0086] The entire system employs a closed-loop control mechanism of monitoring, judgment, execution, and feedback to dynamically adjust the opening and closing of photovoltaic panels, aeration intensity, and supplemental lighting strategies based on environmental changes, achieving synergistic optimization of light, oxygen, and ecological processes. Simultaneously, energy storage and energy management modules ensure continuous operation at night or under low-light conditions, and networking multiple devices enables regional coordinated control and early warning. Through these mechanisms, the system can effectively suppress algal blooms and promote aquatic ecological restoration without relying on chemical agents.

[0087] The specific application areas of this invention are ecological management and control of algal blooms in shallow lakes, bays, landscape water bodies and areas with high incidence of algal blooms. The related products are novel ecological floating island devices based on light and biological manipulation, which can be deployed individually or multiple devices can be networked to form a large-scale water body management system.

[0088] Combination Figure 3As can be seen, the novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation described in this invention achieves stable and efficient water purification and ecological regulation effects under different light conditions through the synergistic effect of multiple units. Under high light conditions, chlorophyll content increases significantly over time, indicating that the floating island system can effectively promote the photosynthesis of algae or aquatic plants. Simultaneously, the dynamic light-controlled power generation unit regulates light intensity, preventing excessive light from causing uncontrolled eutrophication. Under low light conditions, the system supplements light through adjustable light strips in the oxygenation and supplemental lighting unit, maintaining chlorophyll content within a reasonable range, demonstrating good environmental adaptability. Furthermore, the overall turbidity in the attached figures shows a decreasing trend, indicating that the plants and microbial system in the ecological purification unit can effectively adsorb and degrade suspended particles and pollutants in the water, thereby improving water transparency. Meanwhile, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels remain high and stable under both conditions, especially with the synergistic effect of dynamic aeration and photosynthesis, achieving continuous replenishment of dissolved oxygen in the water, which is beneficial for maintaining the healthy balance of the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, it can be seen that the present invention enables intelligent linkage control of light, aeration and energy supply through the electronic control unit, so that the ecological floating island has the ability to adapt to environmental changes. This not only improves the water purification efficiency, but also enhances the stability of system operation and energy utilization efficiency, and has significant ecological restoration effect and engineering application value.

[0089] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation, characterized in that, It includes a buoyancy support unit, an ecological purification unit, a dynamic light control power generation unit, an oxygenation and supplemental lighting unit, an environmental monitoring unit, and an electrical control unit; The buoyancy bearing unit includes a buoyancy frame, a buoyancy base, and an inner frame support. The buoyancy base is located at the lower part of the buoyancy frame to provide buoyancy support for the device. The inner frame support is fixedly connected to the buoyancy frame to form the bearing skeleton of the device. The ecological purification unit includes an ecological soil grid set in the middle of the inner frame support. The ecological soil grid is used to hold the planting substrate and plant emergent plants. The dynamic light-controlled power generation unit includes a rollable photovoltaic panel, a motor, and a connecting main shaft. The connecting main shaft is rotatably mounted on a buoyancy frame. One end of the rollable photovoltaic panel is fixedly connected to the connecting main shaft. The motor is driven by the connecting main shaft to drive the connecting main shaft to rotate forward and backward, so as to realize the unfolding and rewinding of the rollable photovoltaic panel. The oxygenation and lighting unit includes an aeration device and an adjustable light strip. The aeration device is installed below the ecological soil grid or at the inner frame support, and the adjustable light strip is installed at the periphery of the inner frame support or the ecological soil grid. The environmental monitoring unit includes a light intensity meter and an oxygen meter, which are used to monitor the ambient light intensity and dissolved oxygen concentration in the water in real time. The electronic control unit is electrically connected to the motor, the rollable photovoltaic panel, the aeration equipment, the adjustable light strip, the light intensity meter, and the oxygen analyzer, respectively. It is used to control the opening and closing of the rollable photovoltaic panel, the start and stop of the aeration equipment, and the working status of the adjustable light strip based on the monitoring data of the light intensity meter and the oxygen analyzer.

2. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rollable photovoltaic panel uses flexible photovoltaic modules. After being unfolded, the rollable photovoltaic panel covers the edge of the ecological soil grid and maintains a gap with the plant area inside the ecological soil grid.

3. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor is a waterproof and corrosion-resistant low-speed, high-torque drive mechanism with built-in limit, self-locking, and overload protection modules.

4. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buoyancy frame is made of corrosion-resistant metal or high-strength composite material, and the whole is a ring-shaped or polygonal support structure; the buoyancy base is a sealed float or a hollow floating body structure.

5. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological soil grid is a modular, cell-like design, filled with lightweight ecological substrate or planting soil, for planting at least one emergent plant among reeds, cattails, irises, and aquatic canna lilies.

6. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration equipment uses microporous aeration strips, aeration discs, or nano aeration elements.

7. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable light strip is a waterproof and sealed LED light strip.

8. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental monitoring unit also includes at least one of temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll, or cyanobacteria concentration sensing modules.

9. The novel ecological floating island based on light and biological manipulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electronic control unit is a waterproof and sealed control chamber, which contains a controller, a power management module, an energy storage module, a data acquisition module, and a communication module.

10. A method for controlling algal blooms on a novel ecological floating island based on photo- and biological manipulation as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1, On-site deployment: Transport the device to the target water area, place it on the water surface, and connect it to the underwater anchor or the fixed structure on the shore through mooring ropes to make the device float stably; S2, Power-on Start-up: Connects the electrical control unit and energy storage power supply system, checks the connection and operating status of each electrical component, and executes the self-test program to complete the initialization settings; S3, Dynamic Shading Power Generation: The ambient light intensity and dissolved oxygen in the water are continuously monitored by a light intensity meter and an oxygen meter. When strong light, high temperature or increased risk of algal bloom is detected, the electronic control unit controls the motor to drive the rollable photovoltaic panel to unfold, forming a shading cover for the surface water. At the same time, the photovoltaic panel generates electricity to power the device. When the ambient light decreases or natural light needs to be restored, the motor drives the photovoltaic panel to roll back and retract. S4, Synchronous Aeration and Local Supplemental Lighting: When the photovoltaic panels are deployed to block light and the dissolved oxygen in the water decreases, the electronic control unit automatically starts the aeration equipment to oxygenate the water. If necessary, the adjustable light strip is activated simultaneously to provide directional weak light compensation. When the photovoltaic panels are rolled up, natural light is restored, or dissolved oxygen rises, the aeration intensity is gradually reduced or the light strip is turned off. S5, Parameter Control: Control parameters are set through the electronic control unit. The system automatically adjusts the working state of the device based on the threshold compared with real-time environmental data to achieve fine control. The control parameters include light intensity threshold, dissolved oxygen threshold, photovoltaic panel opening and closing degree, aeration start and stop conditions, and light strip brightness and duration. S6, Abnormal Protection: When encountering strong winds and waves, equipment overload, or mechanical jamming, the electrical control unit automatically controls the photovoltaic panels to rewind and retract; when the equipment malfunctions, the system automatically alarms and switches to protection mode. S7, Monitoring and Linkage: During the operation of the device, environmental and equipment operation data are continuously collected, recorded synchronously, and transmitted to the shore platform via wireless communication. Multiple devices can form a networked control system to achieve coordinated operation. S8, Maintenance and Management: Regularly inspect, clean, repair and calibrate the equipment, and reset and test the whole machine after repairing or replacing faulty parts.

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