Historical remaining and abandoned mine ecological restoration grading exploration means selection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hierarchical exploration means selection method for ecological restoration of historic abandoned mines, and belongs to the field of ecological restoration of historic abandoned mines. In an exploration range, the exploration level is comprehensively determined according to ecological problems, restoration directions, geological environment condition complexity and restoration modes; different exploration grades correspond to different types of exploration means selection combinations, so that engineering technicians in the field can specifically select the exploration means combinations according to the specific conditions of the historically left abandoned mines, and the situation that exploration work investment is wasted or follow-up ecological restoration measure design is affected due to insufficient exploration work investment is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration of abandoned mines, and in particular to a method for selecting graded exploration methods for ecological restoration of abandoned mines. Background Technology

[0002] Historically abandoned mines refer to mines that are no longer in operation due to historical reasons or policy adjustments. In order to promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature, ecological restoration work needs to be implemented according to local conditions. Before implementing ecological restoration measures, it is necessary to conduct surveys. The survey methods include remote sensing surveys, ground surveys, topographic mapping, engineering geological mapping, exploration, sampling, and testing. The purpose is to clarify the natural geographical conditions, ecological environment conditions, and ecological problems, so as to provide a basis for the design of ecological restoration measures.

[0003] Accurate selection of exploration methods is a prerequisite for detailed exploration. However, the current conditions of different historical abandoned mines vary greatly, and a single exploration method cannot be used universally. Existing methods rely on work experience to select one or more methods, which is highly dependent on experience. Therefore, a more explicit method for selecting exploration methods is needed to facilitate the selection by engineering and technical personnel in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems mentioned above and to provide a method for selecting graded exploration methods for ecological restoration of abandoned mines with historical legacy.

[0005] Within the scope of the exploration, this invention comprehensively determines the exploration level based on ecological problems, restoration direction, complexity of geological environmental conditions, and restoration methods. Different exploration levels correspond to different types of exploration methods selected and combined. Specifically, the above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] Step 1: Determine the exploration scope: Determine the exploration scope by considering the impact of historical mining activities and the scope of ecological restoration measures;

[0007] Step 2: Within the exploration area, based on the analysis of previously obtained data, the exploration level is classified according to the ecological problems and their severity. Specifically:

[0008] If the ecological problem level is Level III, then the exploration level is Level III exploration;

[0009] If the ecological problem level is Level II or Level I, further analysis is needed based on the ecological problem: First, if the ecological problem is entirely other ecological problems, the exploration level is Level III; Second, if the ecological problem includes geological safety hazards, further analysis is needed based on the threatened objects of the geological safety hazards: If the threatened object is the ecological environment, the exploration level is Level III; if the threatened object is personnel or facilities, and the threat level is relatively small, the exploration level is Level II; If the threatened object is personnel or facilities, and the threat level is relatively large, two sub-situations are required: First, if the ecological problem level is Level I, the exploration level is Level I; Second, if the ecological problem level is Level II, the exploration level is determined based on: ① if there is only a geological safety problem without geological disasters, the exploration level is Level II; ② otherwise, the exploration level is Level I.

[0010] Furthermore, the ecological problems mentioned in step 2 are divided into two categories: geological safety hazards and other ecological problems;

[0011] The geological safety hazards mentioned are divided into two categories: the first category refers to the geological disasters that may occur within the exploration area after the implementation of ecological restoration measures; the second category refers to geological safety issues.

[0012] The geological hazards mentioned above refer to collapses, landslides, debris flows, ground subsidence, ground settlement, and ground fissures.

[0013] The geological safety issues mentioned above refer to dangerous rock masses, unstable slopes, and surface cracks, etc.

[0014] Furthermore, the ecological problem levels mentioned in step 2 are divided into Level I, Level II, and Level III. When determining the ecological problem level based on geological safety hazards: if there are no geological safety hazards within the exploration area, it is classified as Level III; if there is one geological safety problem or a stable small-scale geological disaster within the exploration area, it is classified as Level II; all other cases are classified as Level I.

[0015] Furthermore, the exploration levels are divided into Level 1 exploration, Level 2 exploration, and Level 3 exploration;

[0016] Furthermore, the threats mentioned in step 2 include personnel, facilities, and the ecological environment;

[0017] Furthermore, the threat level described in step 2 is divided into two levels, "large" and "small," based on the number of people and the facilities involved. A "large" threat level refers to a threat involving 10 or more people or a threat involving facilities valued at 1 million yuan or more. All other threats are classified as "small."

[0018] Step 3: Determine the exploration level based on the restoration direction: If the land to be restored is cultivated land and orchard, the exploration level is Level 2; if the land to be restored is forest and grassland, bare land, etc., the exploration level is Level 3.

[0019] Step 4: Determine the exploration level based on the complexity of the geological environment: if it is complex, the exploration level is Level II; if it is simple, the exploration level is Level III.

[0020] Furthermore, the complexity of the geological environment conditions is divided into two levels: complex and simple, as determined by Table 2 of the "Code for Investigation of Landslide Prevention Engineering" (GB / T 32864-2016).

[0021] Step 5: Determine the exploration level based on the restoration method: If natural restoration is used, the exploration level is Level 3; if assisted regeneration or ecological reconstruction is used, the exploration level is not determined in this step.

[0022] Furthermore, the aforementioned natural restoration, assisted regeneration, and ecological reconstruction are determined in accordance with Articles 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 of the "Technical Specification for Ecological Restoration of Mines Part 1: General Rules" (TD / T 1070.1-2022).

[0023] Step 6: Based on the exploration level determined in Steps 2, 3, 4, and 5, take the highest level as the exploration level within the exploration scope.

[0024] Furthermore, the exploration levels are divided into the following categories: Level 1 exploration is the highest, followed by Level 2 exploration, and Level 3 exploration is the lowest.

[0025] Step 7: Select exploration methods according to the exploration level: Level 1 exploration uses a combination of ground survey, topographic mapping, engineering geological mapping, and exploration; Level 2 exploration uses a combination of ground survey, topographic mapping, and engineering geological mapping; Level 3 exploration uses a combination of ground survey and topographic mapping.

[0026] Preferably, for Level 3 exploration, if the entire exploration area is to be naturally restored, topographic mapping is not required;

[0027] Preferably, remote sensing surveys, sampling, and testing can be used to assist in the exploration based on the current conditions within the exploration area.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it provides a clear method for selecting exploration methods, enabling engineers and technicians in the field to select appropriate combinations of exploration methods based on the specific circumstances of historically abandoned mines, thereby avoiding waste of exploration work or insufficient investment in exploration work affecting the design of subsequent ecological restoration measures. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the selection method for graded exploration of ecological restoration of abandoned mines left over from history. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following is combined with Figure 1 The present invention will be further illustrated by the embodiments.

[0031] Since many factors influence the choice of exploration level and exploration method within the exploration scope, in specific embodiments, any factors not specifically described refer to factors that do not occur, resulting in changes in the selection outcome when using this invention.

[0032] In Example 1, based on preliminary data analysis, a certain historically abandoned mine has the following characteristics:

[0033] The overall terrain slope within the survey area is approximately 20-25°. Due to historical mining, an open-pit mine has been formed, with some mine slopes reaching 5-8 meters in height. There are residual loose and dangerous rocks on the mine slopes. In accordance with the needs of the local government and the requirements of land use control, the site is proposed to be restored to farmland using an ecological reconstruction approach.

[0034] When selecting a method for graded exploration of ecological restoration of abandoned mines with historical legacies:

[0035] Step 1: Based on the boundary line of historical abandoned mines approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources, the natural geographical conditions, geological environment and ecological conditions of the boundary line and its surroundings were verified on-site to determine the exploration scope;

[0036] Step 2: Dangerous rocks exist within the survey area. The site needs further utilization after restoration, so the dangerous rocks need to be removed. The ecological problem falls under the category of geological safety hazards, classified as Level II. While there is human activity on the site after restoration, it is not intensive, therefore the threat level is relatively low. Figure 1 In step 2 of the invention, the exploration level is determined to be Level II;

[0037] Step 3: The restoration direction is farmland, according to... Figure 1 In step 3 of the invention, the exploration level is Level II exploration;

[0038] Step 4: The terrain slope within the survey area is approximately 20-25°, with some areas having slopes 5-8 meters high. Based on... Figure 1 In step 4 of the invention, the geological environment is simple in complexity and the exploration level is level three.

[0039] Step 5: Restoring the land to arable land requires measures such as covering with soil and leveling the slope, employing ecological reconstruction methods, based on... Figure 1 In step 5 of the invention, the exploration level is not determined.

[0040] Step 6: Based on the exploration levels in Steps 2-5, the highest level is Level 2 exploration. Therefore, the exploration level within the exploration area is Level 2 exploration.

[0041] Step 7, according to Figure 1 Step 7 of the invention involves secondary exploration, which combines ground survey, topographic mapping, and engineering geological surveying.

[0042] In Implementation Category 2, based on preliminary data analysis, a certain historically abandoned mine has the following characteristics:

[0043] The overall terrain slope within the survey area is approximately 20-25°. The survey area is far from villages. In accordance with the needs of the local government and the requirements of land use control, the site should be restored to forest and grassland to increase vegetation cover. Moreover, the area has abundant rainfall and has the site conditions for natural restoration.

[0044] When selecting a method for graded exploration of ecological restoration of abandoned mines with historical legacies:

[0045] Step 1: Based on the boundary line of historical abandoned mines approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources, the natural geographical conditions, geological environment and ecological conditions of the boundary line and its surroundings were verified on-site to determine the exploration scope;

[0046] Step 2: The main ecological problem is the damage to surface vegetation caused by historical mining, which falls under other ecological issues. Figure 1 In step 2 of the invention, the exploration level is determined to be level three;

[0047] Step 3: The restoration direction is forest and grassland, according to... Figure 1 In step 3 of the invention, the exploration level is level three.

[0048] Step 4: The terrain slope within the survey area is approximately 20-25°. Figure 1 In step 4 of the invention, the geological environment is simple in complexity and the exploration level is level three.

[0049] Step 5: Employ natural recovery methods for repair, based on... Figure 1 In step 5 of the invention, the exploration level is level three.

[0050] Step 6: Based on the exploration levels in Steps 2-5, the highest level is Level 3 exploration. Therefore, the exploration level within the exploration area is Level 3 exploration.

[0051] Step 7, according to Figure 1 And step 7 of the invention content, the three-level exploration selects ground survey work and topographic map measurement combination;

[0052] Preferably, for Level 3 exploration, if the entire exploration area is naturally restored, topographic mapping is not required, so the exploration method is ground survey.

[0053] In Examples 1 and 2, those skilled in the art, through experience, determined that the results were consistent with the results selected by the present invention.

[0054] This invention provides a basis for technicians in the field to conduct detailed surveys and designs in ecological restoration work by adopting a graded survey classification and then selecting survey methods.

[0055] This specific example is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes or substitutions to the present invention based on the description, and all such changes or substitutions should be protected within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting graded exploration methods for ecological restoration of abandoned historical mines, comprising 7 steps, characterized in that: The exploration level is determined comprehensively based on the ecological problem, the direction of restoration, the complexity of the geological environment, and the restoration method. Different exploration levels correspond to different types of exploration methods selected and combined.

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