Unpowered vehicle resource management method

Abstract

The invention relates to an unpowered vehicle resource management method, and belongs to the field of unpowered vehicle resource management, and the method specifically comprises the steps: obtaining a plurality of Bluetooth beacon broadcast data packets from an unpowered vehicle, which are collected by a tractor positioning gateway on a tractor in real time; determining whether the tracks of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle are overlapped according to the plurality of data packets of the same Bluetooth beacon; when the tracks of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle are overlapped, determining an overlapping time period according to the second motion state of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle; and counting the occupied resources of the unpowered vehicle according to the gateway identifier, the overlapping time period and the overlapping track of the tractor. Through the processing scheme provided by the invention, the binding time of the unpowered vehicle and the traction vehicle is accurately identified, the dynamic binding relationship judgment and the accurate analysis of the use time of the unpowered vehicle are realized, the occupied resources of the unpowered vehicle are accurately counted, and the autonomy and accuracy of the identification of the occupied resources of the unpowered vehicle are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of non-motorized vehicle resource management, and in particular to a method for non-motorized vehicle resource management. Background Technology

[0002] In civil aviation airport ground support operations, airlines, ground service companies, and airports share unpowered vehicles. These vehicles move frequently across multiple areas, including terminals, aprons, and cargo areas, necessitating their location and management. However, the shared nature and high mobility of these vehicles by multiple entities in airport ground operations leads to unclear maintenance responsibilities and potential disputes arising from vehicle damage. Manual management suffers from high labor costs, untimely inventory checks, and a high risk of errors. Furthermore, it's impossible to quickly track vehicle usage. Users cannot choose how to use the vehicles according to their needs, and management cannot obtain real-time vehicle status information, resulting in management delays and hindering precise vehicle management.

[0003] Even when using methods such as radio frequency RFID, GNSS satellite positioning, and UWB / RTLS to manage unpowered vehicles, on the one hand, GNSS active navigation positioning schemes have high power consumption and cost, and are easily blocked in hangars and under terminals; on the other hand, they cannot achieve real-time management of unpowered vehicles, resulting in the inability to monitor their use in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for managing non-powered vehicle resources that can accurately manage non-powered vehicle resources, addressing the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] A method for managing non-motorized vehicle resources, the method comprising: The data packets sent in real time by the positioning gateway of the tractor vehicle are acquired. The data packets include multiple beacon data packets broadcast by Bluetooth beacons from the unpowered vehicle and gateway data packets generated by the positioning gateway of the tractor vehicle upon receiving the beacon data packets. The beacon data packets contain at least the beacon identifier of the received Bluetooth beacon and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle in real time. The gateway data packets contain at least the timestamp of receiving the beacon data packets, the position information of the tractor vehicle, and the measured signal strength value. The system determines whether the tractor and the unpowered vehicle have overlapping trajectories based on multiple gateway data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon. When it is determined that the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap, the overlapping period is determined based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle. The resource usage of the unpowered vehicle is calculated based on the gateway identifier, beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and tractor running trajectory of the tractor.

[0006] In one embodiment, the method further includes: determining whether the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap based on multiple data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon, comprising: Extract the signal strength values ​​from all gateway data packets of the same Bluetooth beacon; When the change in the signal strength value is determined to be within a first threshold range, it is determined that the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap.

[0007] In one embodiment, the method further includes: determining the overlapping time period based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle, including: The position information of the tractor is obtained to obtain the second motion state of the tractor. Based on the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle, a coordinated timestamp is determined when the first motion state and the second motion state are consistent. Based on the collaborative timestamp, an overlapping period is determined, which includes the binding and unbinding times of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle.

[0008] In one embodiment, the method of calculating the resource usage of the unpowered vehicle based on the gateway identifier, beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and overlapping trajectory of the tractor includes: Obtain all beacon identifiers whose trajectories overlap with the gateway identifier of the tractor vehicle; The overlapping trajectory is determined based on the overlapping time period corresponding to the gateway identifier and the beacon identifier and the tractor running trajectory; Based on the pre-set resource statistics standards, according to the beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and overlapping trajectory, the resource occupied by the tractor during the calculation period is calculated, and the resource occupied by the tractor is output and recorded.

[0009] In one embodiment, the method further includes: determining that the unpowered vehicle and the tractor are untied when it is determined that the signal strength value carried by the gateway data packet of the same Bluetooth beacon has changed significantly or the second motion state is different from the first motion state.

[0010] In one embodiment, it further includes: A Bluetooth beacon installed on a non-powered vehicle broadcasts beacon data packets in real time. The beacon data packets include at least the beacon identifier of the received Bluetooth beacon and the first motion state of the non-powered vehicle in real time. The tractor positioning gateway on the tractor collects at least one beacon data packet broadcast from a Bluetooth beacon of an unpowered vehicle in real time, and generates a gateway data packet simultaneously. The gateway data packet contains at least a timestamp of receiving the beacon data packet, the tractor's location information, and the measured signal strength value. The server receives at least one tractor positioning gateway data fed back by the tractor gateway, the tractor gateway data carrying the tractor gateway identifier and all data packets; The server determines whether the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap based on multiple gateway data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon; When the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap, the server determines the overlap period based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle. The server determines the overlapping trajectory based on the gateway identifier, beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and movement trajectory of the tractor, and then calculates the resource usage of the unpowered vehicle.

[0011] In one embodiment, the method further includes: the inspection vehicle gateway of the inspection vehicle collects at least one beacon data packet broadcast from a Bluetooth beacon of an unpowered vehicle in real time, and generates inspection data; The server obtains the inspection data collected by the inspection vehicle gateway and the inspection path of the inspection vehicle. The server determines the real-time location of the unpowered vehicle based on the inspection data and the inspection path, and marks the unpowered vehicle.

[0012] In one embodiment, it further includes: The server obtains the beacon identifiers and geographic maps of all non-powered vehicles, and marks each non-powered vehicle on the geographic map according to its real-time location. When a beacon is not marked, the server updates the status information of the non-powered vehicle corresponding to that beacon to "lost".

[0013] In one embodiment, the method further includes: generating a heat map and a density distribution map based on the real-time location, and visually displaying the distribution density of the unpowered vehicle using different color levels; The geographic map is divided into regions, and a heat map is generated based on the markers of non-motorized vehicles in each region.

[0014] In one embodiment, the method further includes: the server associating and storing a user identifier with the tractor gateway identifier.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: by analyzing the data packets of Bluetooth beacon broadcasts from the unpowered vehicle collected in real time by the tractor positioning gateway, the association time between the tractor and the unpowered vehicle is determined, the binding time between the unpowered vehicle and the tractor is accurately identified, the dynamic binding relationship is determined and the usage time of the unpowered vehicle is accurately analyzed, and the resource occupancy of the unpowered vehicle is accurately counted, thereby facilitating the subsequent management and allocation of unpowered vehicle resources. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing unpowered vehicle resources in one embodiment; Figure 2 This is a discrete point graph corresponding to each beacon identifier in one embodiment; Figure 3 This is a linear graph showing the overlap of the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle in one embodiment; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of calculating the resource usage of a non-powered vehicle in one embodiment. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a non-powered vehicle resource management method in another embodiment; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the real-time location positioning steps for a non-powered vehicle in one embodiment. Figure 7 This is an application scenario diagram of a non-powered vehicle resource management method in one embodiment; Figure 8 This is an algorithm for calculating the resource usage of a vehicle without power in one embodiment; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of an asset inventory process for unpowered vehicles in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] It should be noted that the following description covers various aspects of embodiments within the scope of protection of this invention. It will be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any particular structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this application, those skilled in the art will understand that one aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number and aspects set forth herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. Additionally, this device and / or method can be implemented using other structures and / or functionalities besides one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

[0020] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. The drawings only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0021] Furthermore, specific details are provided in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the described aspects can be practiced without these specific details.

[0022] Example 1: This application provides a method for managing non-powered vehicle resources, which can be applied to a server or gateway. The gateway can be, but is not limited to, various personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and portable smart devices. The server can be a standalone server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers. Figure 1 As shown, the method is applied to a server as an example, and includes the following steps: Step 101: Obtain the data packets sent in real time by the tractor positioning gateway on the tractor vehicle. The data packets include multiple beacon data packets broadcast by Bluetooth beacons from the unpowered vehicle and gateway data packets generated by the tractor positioning gateway upon receiving the beacon data packets. The beacon data packets at least include the beacon identifier of the received Bluetooth beacon and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle in real time. The gateway data packets at least include the timestamp of receiving the beacon data packets and the measured signal strength value.

[0023] Non-motorized vehicles can be various small carts, such as flatbed trucks and covered wagons, used in airports for transporting luggage and cargo. Each non-motorized vehicle is equipped with a Bluetooth beacon that can broadcast signals periodically, with a transmission distance of 10-50 meters. The Bluetooth beacon senses the movement status of the non-motorized vehicle in real time, and the broadcast interval range of the Bluetooth beacon can be set according to actual needs. For example, the broadcast interval T of the Bluetooth beacon... m = 1 s, the signal transmission frequency is 0.1s / time, the sleep duty cycle is 10%, the power consumption current is <10 μA, and the transmission current is 10mA. Therefore, the average power consumption of the Bluetooth beacon per transmission is ≈ transmission power consumption × 10% + sleep power consumption × 90% = 1mA + 9μA ≈ 1mA (mainly consumed in transmission). Thus, the Bluetooth beacon has low power consumption; even a regular button battery can maintain its working life for 5-8 years. The cost of the Bluetooth beacon can be controlled within 100 yuan, which is conducive to large-scale promotion.

[0024] The Bluetooth beacon boasts a simple hardware structure, requiring only a low-cost PCB, a miniature vibration sensing module, and a few passive circuit components. It eliminates the need for additional base station power or expensive positioning base stations. The miniature vibration sensing module within the Bluetooth beacon detects the initial motion state, using a mechanical switch-type vibration sensor to filter out false motion interference. Events are reported only at the moment of actual movement, effectively eliminating misjudgments caused by multipath propagation, obstruction, and environmental noise, thus accurately sensing the movement of unpowered vehicles. If the unpowered vehicle is moving, the initial motion state is "in motion"; if it is not moving, the initial motion state is "stationary."

[0025] A tractor-trailer positioning gateway is installed on the tractor unit. The gateway can be powered by the tractor unit's onboard power supply and / or a combination of solar panels. The tractor-trailer positioning gateway (onboard Bluetooth gateway) continuously scans for nearby Bluetooth beacons. Upon receiving beacon data packets, the gateway generates gateway data packets. The gateway can then upload all real-time collected Bluetooth beacon data packets and their corresponding gateway data packets to the server. The tractor-trailer positioning gateway can use UWB, GPS / BeiDou, Wi-Fi, or base stations for positioning, and sends its real-time location to the server. The gateway can estimate distance or determine relative position using the received Bluetooth beacon signal strength index (RSSI value) (Bluetooth signals weaken with distance, resulting in different signal strength values ​​for the same Bluetooth beacon at different distances). The tractor-trailer positioning gateway can be upgraded from existing vehicles without the need for new fixed sites.

[0026] The server can be a physical server or a cloud server. It can receive data packets from multiple Bluetooth beacon broadcasts from unpowered vehicles, collected in real-time by the tractor positioning gateway on the tractor unit. Each data packet includes at least the beacon identifier of the received Bluetooth beacon, its corresponding timestamp, and signal strength value. The server supports deployment and can be horizontally scaled to tens of thousands of nodes as needed, meeting the full-area coverage requirements of large airports.

[0027] Step 102: Determine whether the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap based on multiple gateway data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon.

[0028] The server plots a discrete point graph composed of corresponding beacon identifiers based on the timestamps and signal strength values ​​in the gateway data packets. The server can plot a discrete point graph composed of each beacon identifier with time as the x-axis and the Bluetooth beacon signal strength value (RSSI value) as the y-axis; alternatively, the server can plot a discrete point graph showing the change in signal strength value over time for the beacon identifier with time as the y-axis and the Bluetooth beacon signal strength value (RSSI value) as the x-axis.

[0029] The signal strength of a Bluetooth beacon decreases with distance. The signal strength value of the same Bluetooth beacon measured by the tractor positioning gateway shows little variation within the same distance. When the relative distance between the Bluetooth beacon and the tractor positioning gateway is fixed, the signal strength value does not change significantly. Real-time acquisition of signal strength changes allows for accurate tracking of the time the unpowered vehicle follows the tractor. The server obtains the median of the signal strength variation based on a discrete point map, calculates the difference between the signal strength value at each point and the median, and obtains the average discrete value. When the discrete value of a point is less than this average discrete value, it is determined that the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap.

[0030] In another embodiment, the server counts the changes in signal strength over time, calculates the average change, and determines that the trajectories of the powered car and the unpowered car overlap if the changes in the scattered points are within the average change.

[0031] Step 103: When the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap, determine the overlap period based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle.

[0032] When the server determines that the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap, it acquires the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle. Based on the tractor's position information, it determines the second motion state of the tractor. If the tractor's real-time position changes, the second motion state is in motion; if the real-time position information does not change, the second motion state is stationary. A coordinated timestamp is determined when the first and second motion states are identical. Based on the coordinated timestamp, an overlapping period is determined, which includes the binding and unbinding times of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle. The server can directly confirm the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle based on the first motion state transmitted by the Bluetooth beacon on the unpowered vehicle. The second motion state of the tractor is determined by the tractor's positioning gateway actively sending the tractor's real-time position, and the server determines the second motion state based on changes in the tractor's real-time position. The real-time position changes of the tractor can be collected through the tractor's own navigation server. Alternatively, real-time position changes of the tractor can be generated through UWB, GPS / BeiDou, WIFI, or base station positioning and tracking. When the second motion state of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle are the same, an overlapping period is determined.

[0033] Step 104: Calculate the resource usage of the unpowered vehicle based on the gateway identifier, beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and tractor running trajectory of the tractor.

[0034] The server obtains all beacon identifiers whose trajectories overlap with the gateway identifier of the tractor vehicle, determines the overlapping trajectory based on the overlapping time period corresponding to the gateway identifier and the beacon identifier and the running trajectory of the tractor vehicle, and generates the resource occupation time and usage distance of the unpowered vehicle.

[0035] The server retrieves pre-set resource statistics standards, which include resource calculation standards for different types of non-powered vehicles based on usage time or trajectory, such as 3 yuan / minute for covered wagons and 2 yuan / minute for flatbed wagons, or 3 yuan / meter for covered wagons and 2 yuan / meter for flatbed wagons; and / or divides different times of the day into two parts, peak and off-peak periods, such as setting 6:00-7:00, 12:00-13:00, and 18:00-19:00 as peak periods based on the peak arrival or departure times of flights, and setting the rest of the time as off-peak periods, charging an additional peak fee of 1 yuan / minute per non-powered vehicle during peak periods; additional resource calculation standards are added for holidays, such as charging an additional 1 yuan / minute per non-powered vehicle on holidays on top of the other standards.

[0036] The tractor unit whose resources need to be statistically analyzed is determined based on its gateway identifier. The resource usage of the non-powered vehicle is calculated based on the time period, movement trajectory, and type of the non-powered vehicle and its binding status. The resource usage of all non-powered vehicles bound to this tractor unit is summed to obtain the non-powered vehicle resource usage of this tractor unit. The resource usage of this tractor unit is then output and recorded. The output includes an electronic bill of resource usage and a visual chart of resource usage.

[0037] In the above method, by analyzing the data packets of Bluetooth beacon broadcasts from the unpowered vehicle collected in real time by the tractor positioning gateway, the association time between the tractor and the unpowered vehicle is determined, the binding time between the unpowered vehicle and the tractor is accurately identified, the dynamic binding relationship is determined and the usage time of the unpowered vehicle is accurately analyzed, and the resource occupation of the unpowered vehicle is accurately counted, thereby facilitating the subsequent management and allocation of unpowered vehicle resources.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, determining whether the trajectories of a tractor-trailer and a non-powered vehicle overlap based on multiple data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon includes: Step 201: Extract the signal strength values ​​from all gateway data packets for the same Bluetooth beacon. The server then plots a discrete point map composed of each beacon identifier based on the timestamps and signal strength values ​​in the gateway data packets.

[0039] The server plots a discrete point graph composed of the beacon identifiers based on the timestamps and signal strength values ​​in the gateway data packets. The server can plot the discrete point graph composed of each beacon identifier with time on the x-axis and the Bluetooth beacon signal strength value (RSSI value) on the y-axis (e.g.,...). Figure 2 The diagram uses different graphics to display different beacon markers (unpowered vehicle 1 is circular, unpowered vehicle 2 is square, and unpowered vehicle 3 is triangular). Only the valid RSSI values ​​of each beacon marker at a specific time are shown, without connecting them with lines, highlighting the independence and discontinuity of the data. The graphics are simple, eye-catching, and facilitate quick identification of the RSSI value distribution.

[0040] Step 202: When the change in the signal strength value is determined to be within the first threshold range, it is determined that the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap.

[0041] The server determines whether the trajectories are the same based on the discrete point map. The signal strength of the Bluetooth beacon decreases with distance. When the tractor and the unpowered vehicle are paired, the relative distance remains constant, and the signal strength value of the same Bluetooth beacon collected by the tractor positioning gateway does not change significantly.

[0042] The server analyzes the scatter plot to determine if there is a clear upward or downward trend. If no clear trend is observed, the mean is preliminarily considered to be stable. If a clear trend is observed, it is assumed that unpowered vehicles have been uncoupled. Figure 2 As shown, unpowered vehicle 3 detached at 13:28:30, and the trajectories of the unpowered vehicle and the tractor were different. Unpowered vehicle 3 reconnected to the tractor at 13:33:30, and their trajectories became the same thereafter. The server statistically analyzes the density of scatter points around the assumed mean line. If the scatter points are distributed within a relatively constant band (e.g., ...), ... Figure 2 The difference between the strip-shaped area (for unpowered vehicles 1 and 2) was set as the first threshold. Furthermore, no gradually expanding or shrinking "funnel mouth" phenomenon was observed, such as... Figure 2 The phenomenon of uncoupling and reconnection of the unpowered vehicle 3 is considered to have stable variance, and the judgment signal is within a stable fluctuation range, with no change in the relative position of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle. When both the tractor and the unpowered vehicle are stationary, there may be a situation where the relative position of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle remains unchanged, but they are not bound together. Therefore, it is necessary to first determine the overlapping period based on the movement state of the tractor.

[0043] The above method can accurately determine the real-time relative position of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle, and accurately determine whether the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle are the same, except when both are stationary.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, determining the overlapping time period based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle includes: Step 301: Obtain the position information of the tractor to obtain the second motion state of the tractor; and determine the coordinated timestamp when the first motion state and the second motion state are consistent based on the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle.

[0045] Whether the server calculates the resource usage of the tractor requires a complete logical chain to be established, meaning the tractor and the unpowered vehicle are bound together and follow the same trajectory. Determining the start and end times requires a comprehensive judgment based on the trajectory and location information.

[0046] The vibration sensing structure in the Bluetooth beacon detects the initial motion state. A mechanical switch-type vibration sensor filters out false motion interference, reporting events only at the moment of actual movement. This effectively eliminates misjudgments caused by multipath interference, obstructions, and environmental noise, enabling accurate detection of the movement of unpowered vehicles. If the unpowered vehicle is moving, the initial motion state is "in motion"; if it is not moving, the initial motion state is "stationary."

[0047] The second motion state of the tractor unit is determined by the tractor unit's positioning gateway actively sending its location information. The gateway determines the second motion state based on real-time changes in the tractor unit's location, enabling precise sensing of its movement. A coordinated timestamp is established when the first and second motion states coincide.

[0048] Step 302: Based on the collaborative timestamp, determine the overlapping time period, which includes the binding and unbinding times of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle. The overlapping time period includes the sum of the time the unpowered vehicle moves and remains stationary while following the tractor, and the usage time of the unpowered vehicle is the same as the overlapping time period. At the binding time, both the unpowered vehicle and the tractor are in a moving state. For example, for a beacon of a certain unpowered vehicle, its first motion state is extracted and the second motion state of the tractor is determined. The timestamp when both the unpowered vehicle and the tractor are in motion is recorded as the "binding time" T_start, and the calculation of resource occupation for the unpowered vehicle begins. The time when the motion states of the unpowered vehicle and the tractor are different is recorded as the "unbinding time" T_end. The server determines the overlapping time period based on the binding and unbinding times.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, in scenario 1, the tractor finds and binds to the unpowered vehicle, moving together. During binding, the tractor and the unpowered vehicle move together. The overlapping period of resource occupation is calculated from the "binding time." If the tractor and the unpowered vehicle do not move together for an extended period, the calculation of the overlapping period of resource occupation ends. In scenario 2, the tractor finds and binds to the unpowered vehicle, but it binds behind the unpowered vehicle from scenario 1, at a greater distance. The overlap of the unpowered vehicle's trajectory in scenario 2 is lower than that in scenario 1. In scenario 2, the overlapping period of resource occupation is also calculated from the "binding time." If the tractor and the unpowered vehicle do not move together for an extended period, the calculation of the overlapping period of resource occupation ends. In scenario 3, the tractor finds and binds to the unpowered vehicle, moving a certain distance with the unpowered vehicle before coming to a stop together. This indicates a loading / unloading or failure to release in time state. The period of stillness must also be included in the overlapping period of resource occupation. If the tractor and the unpowered vehicle do not move together for an extended period, the calculation of the overlapping period of resource occupation ends.

[0050] The above method can accurately determine the real-time motion status of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle, and accurately determine their binding status, solving the problem of not being able to determine whether the tractor and the unpowered vehicle are bound when both are stationary. It accurately calculates the binding time of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle based on the time difference between two points in time using a single beacon.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the method for calculating the resource usage of the unpowered vehicle based on the gateway identifier, beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and overlapping trajectory of the tractor includes: Step 401: Obtain all beacon identifiers whose trajectories overlap with the gateway identifier of the tractor vehicle.

[0052] The server obtains the IP address and MAC address from the gateway identifier of the tractor vehicle to determine the tractor vehicle that needs to be calculated.

[0053] Step 402: Determine the overlapping trajectory based on the overlapping time period corresponding to the gateway identifier and the beacon identifier and the tractor running trajectory.

[0054] The server plots a discrete point graph composed of beacon identifiers based on the timestamps and signal strength values ​​in the data packets. The server can plot the discrete point graph with time on the x-axis and the Bluetooth beacon signal strength value (RSSI value) on the y-axis. Data points from different unpowered vehicles are directly presented using different markers (e.g., circles for unpowered vehicle 1, squares for unpowered vehicle 2). The server obtains the timestamps corresponding to the same trajectories of each unpowered vehicle and the tractor from the discrete point graph, determining the coordinated timestamp when the first and second motion states are consistent. The server acquires the trajectory data sent by the tractor during the coordinated time and identifies this trajectory as the overlapping trajectory. Step 403: Based on the pre-set resource statistics standards, calculate the resources occupied by the tractor during the calculation period according to the beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and overlapping trajectory, and output and record the resources occupied by the tractor.

[0055] The server retrieves pre-set resource statistics standards, which include resource calculation standards for different types of non-motorized vehicles based on usage time or trajectory, such as 3 yuan / minute for covered wagons and 2 yuan / minute for flatbed wagons, or 3 yuan / meter for covered wagons and 2 yuan / meter for flatbed wagons. The server divides the day into peak and off-peak periods, setting different billing rules for each period. For example, based on the peak arrival or departure times of flights, 6:00-7:00, 12:00-13:00, and 18:00-19:00 are designated as peak periods, while the remaining times are designated as off-peak periods. A peak fee of 1 yuan / minute is added to each non-motorized vehicle during peak periods. Additional resource calculation standards are applied to holidays, such as an additional 1 yuan / minute charge per non-motorized vehicle on top of the other standards. Different calculation standards are also set based on weather conditions. The management system sets different resource calculation standards according to different needs, and can adjust or add standards in real time according to the actual situation. For example, if the resource calculation standards for a new batch of non-powered vehicles are different from those for an old batch of non-powered vehicles, the resource calculation standards for the new batch of non-powered vehicles can be added directly.

[0056] The same tractor can connect to multiple unpowered vehicles at the same time. However, when the vehicle is bound, the beacon transmission distance L1 is relatively short (e.g., 20 m). The number of unpowered vehicles connected, X1, is determined by the length L2 of the unpowered vehicle itself. X2 = L1 / L2, where X1 is the integer after removing the decimal point from X2.

[0057] The server calculates the resource usage of unpowered vehicles based on the gateway identifier of the tractor and the beacon identifier of the bound unpowered vehicles, including the type, number, overlapping time period, tractor's running trajectory, and resource statistics standards. It then outputs and records the resource usage of that tractor. The output includes an electronic bill of resource usage and a visual chart of resource usage. In the event of abnormal link loss or power failure, the server automatically resumes or terminates calculations by combining historical signal strength values ​​and dead reckoning for blind spots.

[0058] The server generates electronic invoices and visual charts, which are then pushed to on-site personnel via the client. It also supports online settlement and reconciliation, effectively simplifying manual operations and eliminating resource disputes.

[0059] In the above method, the server accumulates the duration and mileage of a continuous trajectory to achieve refined calculation of resource usage per minute / meter; in the event of abnormal link loss or power failure, the calculation is automatically resumed or terminated by combining historical signal strength values ​​and dead reckoning in blind spots, thereby improving the fairness and transparency of the calculation.

[0060] In this embodiment, the method for determining whether the tractor and the unpowered vehicle are untied includes: When the signal strength value carried by the gateway data packet of the same Bluetooth beacon collected by the server in real time changes significantly, or when the second motion state is different from the first motion state, the server determines that the unpowered vehicle and the tractor are untied.

[0061] When the rate of change of signal strength values ​​between adjacent timestamps exceeds a predetermined threshold and the tractor positioning gateway on the tractor fails to receive the data packet of the Bluetooth beacon, the server determines that the tractor and the unpowered vehicle where the Bluetooth beacon is located have detached.

[0062] When the rate of change of signal strength values ​​between adjacent timestamps exceeds a threshold and is accompanied by packet loss (the tractor positioning gateway on the tractor vehicle fails to receive data packets from the Bluetooth beacon), the server automatically triggers a "disconnection" alarm. Specifically, when the signal strength value of the Bluetooth beacon drops to a level that cannot be recognized by the tractor positioning gateway, the server determines it as an "unbinding event" and records the unbinding time T. end .

[0063] When the second motion state at adjacent timestamps differs from the first motion state, the server determines that the tractor and the unpowered vehicle containing the Bluetooth beacon have detached. The server then identifies this as an "unbinding event" and records the unbinding time T. end .

[0064] Considering the jitter and occasional packet loss in Bluetooth signal strength values, the server uses a sliding window + duration threshold strategy. This strategy combines the dynamic update characteristics of the sliding window with the constraints of the duration threshold, making it suitable for real-time monitoring of unpowered vehicles and avoiding false unbinding.

[0065] The server employs a sliding window combined with a duration threshold strategy to effectively avoid false unbinding caused by brief signal fluctuations or noise interference. This is especially beneficial in scenarios requiring continuous monitoring of device status or connection stability, where the binding of a tractor-trailer and a non-powered vehicle represents a stable connection. The server divides continuous time-series data into fixed-length windows, and within each window, it tracks the duration of specific events (such as signal interruption or connection anomalies). A minimum effective duration threshold is set; an event is only considered a true unbinding event if it persists beyond this threshold within the window. Otherwise, it is considered noise or a brief fluctuation. For example, the server only considers a non-powered vehicle continuously stationary for more than 30 seconds as a true unbinding event.

[0066] For example, when the unpowered vehicle starts moving, the tractor positioning gateway continuously scans the beacon broadcast in a sliding window of 1 second. The window movement step is generally the same as the sliding window, also set to 1 second. The minimum duration T0 = L0 / S for the binding event between the tractor and the unpowered vehicle is determined by the shortest distance L0 of the goods to be transported within the airport area and the tractor's speed S. With T0 = 300ms set, the tractor positioning gateway needs to collect connection status signals every second (e.g., sampling once every 10ms, with a total of 100 data points within the window). The server counts the continuous duration of abnormal signals within the window. If the abnormality lasts for 400ms (>300ms), it is marked as a potential unbinding; if the abnormality lasts only 100ms (<300ms), it is ignored.

[0067] The above method allows the server to update the binding status of unpowered vehicles based on real-time collected data packets, thereby enabling tracking of the binding status of unpowered vehicles. It has strong noise resistance; brief fluctuations (such as signal jitter) will not trigger unbinding, and it accurately identifies the binding status of unpowered vehicles. Based on the detachment determination result, the server determines whether the unpowered vehicle is unbound from the tractor, and immediately calculates the resource usage of the unpowered vehicle after unbinding.

[0068] Example 2: like Figure 5 As shown, this application provides a method for managing non-motorized vehicle resources, including the following steps: Step 501: The Bluetooth beacon set on the unpowered vehicle broadcasts beacon data packets in real time. The beacon data packets include at least the beacon identifier of the received Bluetooth beacon and the real-time first motion state of the unpowered vehicle.

[0069] The broadcast interval and power of the Bluetooth beacon are dynamically adjusted based on the movement status of the unpowered vehicle. When the unpowered vehicle is stationary, it emits high-power electromagnetic waves at low frequencies, increasing the signal broadcast interval and expanding the signal reception range, making it easier to locate idle unpowered vehicles. These low-frequency, high-power electromagnetic waves primarily propagate as ground waves, meaning they travel along the Earth's surface. Their longer wavelengths and strong diffraction capabilities allow them to penetrate obstacles such as buildings and vegetation, and they are less affected by atmospheric noise and human interference, making them suitable for transmitting information in open areas like airports. When the unpowered vehicle is paired with a tractor unit, it uses low-power electromagnetic waves emitted at high frequencies to reduce the interval and narrow the reception range, thereby reducing the possibility of misidentification by nearby tractor units.

[0070] For example, in static mode, the broadcast interval T s = 5 s, each signal transmission duration is 0.1 s, sleep duty cycle is 2%, power consumption current < 2 μA. In motion mode, the broadcast interval T m = 1 s, each signal transmission duration is 0.1 s, the sleep duty cycle is 10%, and the power consumption current is <10 μA. Under this condition, the vibration sensing of the Bluetooth beacon can achieve near-zero static power consumption motion state determination through a mechanically filtered vibration sensing structure and a passive delay-hold circuit. The passive delay-hold circuit can provide a control gating signal for the vibration-triggered electrical signal. For example, the passive delay-hold circuit uses a combination of a unidirectional diode + energy storage capacitor + high-impedance resistor to form a delay time constant τ≈100 ms–300 ms holding time, so that the continuous vibration signal receives a sufficiently high gating signal, while occasional vibrations are filtered out. When broadcasting the Bluetooth beacon, the beacon identifier of the Bluetooth beacon on the unpowered vehicle and the real-time first motion state of the unpowered vehicle can be broadcast in real time.

[0071] The beacon data packet can contain not only the beacon identifier of the Bluetooth beacon, but also the motion status of the non-powered vehicle corresponding to the Bluetooth beacon (moving=1, stationary=0), battery level warning (normal=0, low=1), checksum (used to verify the completeness of information), reserved fields (which can be used for extended purposes, such as temperature, environment, etc.).

[0072] Step 502: The tractor positioning gateway on the tractor collects at least one beacon data packet broadcast from a Bluetooth beacon of an unpowered vehicle in real time, and generates a gateway data packet simultaneously. The gateway data packet contains at least the timestamp of receiving the beacon data packet, the location information of the tractor, and the measured signal strength value.

[0073] The tractor positioning gateway on the tractor unit collects beacon data packets broadcast from at least one Bluetooth beacon from an unpowered vehicle in real time. This tractor positioning gateway then packages all the collected Bluetooth beacon data packets and synchronously generated gateway data packets into gateway data.

[0074] Step 503: The server receives tractor gateway data fed back by at least one tractor positioning gateway. The tractor gateway data carries the tractor gateway identifier and all data packets.

[0075] Step 504: The server determines whether the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap based on multiple data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon.

[0076] Step 505: When the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap, the server determines the overlap period based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle.

[0077] Step 506: The server determines the overlapping trajectory based on the gateway identifier of the tractor, the overlapping time period, and the movement trajectory, and then counts the resources occupied by the unpowered vehicle.

[0078] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown: A method for locating a non-powered vehicle is also provided, including the following steps: Step 601: The inspection vehicle's gateway terminal collects at least one beacon data packet broadcast from a Bluetooth beacon of an unpowered vehicle in real time and generates inspection data.

[0079] The inspection vehicle travels at a constant speed along a preset grid or serpentine route, while its gateway continuously scans for surrounding Bluetooth beacons. In this mode, Bluetooth beacons for stationary, unpowered vehicles use a low-frequency, high-power broadcast mode. For example, when stationary, the Bluetooth beacon broadcasts approximately every 5 seconds, increasing its transmission power to cover a distance of over 80 meters. This increased power makes it easier for the inspection vehicle to locate the unpowered vehicle over a wide area. Traveling at 10 km / h, the inspection vehicle traverses the beacon coverage area for approximately 25 seconds, allowing the gateway to capture at least 5 data packets from the same beacon during a single inspection. Simultaneously, the server records the GPS coordinates (1–3 m positioning accuracy) and corresponding RSSI values ​​of the gateway during each scan, providing a spatiotemporal dataset for subsequent positioning.

[0080] The beacon data packet can include the beacon identifier of the Bluetooth beacon. It can also include the motion status of the corresponding unpowered vehicle (moving = 1, stationary = 0), battery level warning (normal = 0, low = 1), checksum (used to verify information completeness), and reserved fields (for extended uses, such as temperature, environment, etc.). The patrol vehicle gateway can use UWB, GPS / BeiDou, WIFI, or base station for positioning. The patrol vehicle gateway can measure the signal strength value (RSSI value) of the Bluetooth beacon, and use the RSSI value to estimate the distance or determine the relative position with the Bluetooth beacon (Bluetooth signals are attenuated with distance, so the signal strength value of the same Bluetooth beacon measured at different distances will differ). The patrol data includes the beacon data packets collected by the patrol vehicle, the signal strength values ​​measured by the patrol vehicle gateway, and the real-time location information transmitted.

[0081] Step 602: The server obtains the inspection data collected by the inspection vehicle gateway and the inspection path of the inspection vehicle.

[0082] The server synchronously records the location information and inspection data transmitted by the inspection vehicle gateway during each scan, filtering out stationary beacon samples from the inspection data. It also synchronously records the GPS coordinates (1–3 m positioning accuracy) of the inspection vehicle gateway during each scan, accurately obtaining the inspection vehicle's inspection path, and records the RSSI value corresponding to unpowered vehicles during each scan, providing a spatiotemporal dataset for subsequent positioning.

[0083] Step 603: The server determines the real-time location of the unpowered vehicle based on the inspection data and inspection path, and marks the unpowered vehicle.

[0084] The asset inventory process for non-motorized vehicles is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the server begins an asset inventory of the non-powered vehicles. The server obtains the GPS coordinates (1–3 m positioning accuracy) and corresponding RSSI values ​​from the gateway of the inspection vehicle during scanning, and calculates the location of the non-powered vehicle. Relying solely on RSSI for positioning has low accuracy (typically a few meters to tens of meters) because signal strength is greatly affected by the environment (such as walls, obstacles, and multipath effects). GPS, on the other hand, has higher accuracy in open environments. Therefore, combining the two allows us to utilize GPS to provide a global, absolute position reference and RSSI to provide local, relative distance constraints, thereby achieving more robust or higher-precision positioning.

[0085] At the precise location of the inspection vehicle's gateway, with its known movement speed, five data packets from a non-powered vehicle are obtained. The server extracts the RSSI values ​​from these packets and converts them into distance estimates using an empirical formula, thus obtaining the coordinates of the non-powered vehicle. Displacement vectors are calculated for adjacent time points; if all displacement vectors < (like If the beacon's movement is less than 0.1 meters, it is considered stationary. For the selected stationary beacon samples, the server first performs short-term jitter filtering on the original signal strength value sequence: if the movement of a beacon lasts for less than 2 seconds, it is considered scan jitter and discarded. Then, the signal strength value readings of the same beacon are filtered using median filtering to remove outliers deviating from the median value by ±6 dB, reducing the impact of multipath effects and sudden interference. Finally, 3–5 valid readings of the same beacon during the inspection vehicle's passage are aggregated into a stable signal strength value window sequence, laying the foundation for accurate positioning.

[0086] The real-time location of the unpowered vehicle is determined using a particle filtering algorithm. The server evenly distributes several particles within a 20m radius of the inspection vehicle's trajectory, with each particle representing a possible unpowered vehicle location. The predicted signal strength value for each particle is calculated using a path loss model and compared with the observed signal strength value. A weight is then assigned to the particle based on an exponential decay function. When the rate of decrease in RSSI over time is proportional to the current value of this value, the process is called exponential decay. Airport environments are unique, containing both open areas and dense scattering environments. The path loss model uses one or more combinations of Rayleigh fading, Ricean fading, and Nakagami-m fading models. The Rayleigh fading model is commonly used in airports in dense scattering environments when there is no dominant direct path between the transmitter and receiver, and the signal reaches the receiver only through multiple reflection and scattering paths. The envelope of the received signal follows a Rayleigh distribution. The Ricean fading model, when a stable direct path exists between the transmitter and receiver, accompanied by multiple weak reflection and scattering paths, results in a Ricean distribution for the envelope of the received signal. This model is suitable for open areas where significant LOS paths exist. The Nakagami-m fading model is a more general model. By adjusting the parameter m, it can flexibly fit various fading environments, including cases ranging from Rayleigh fading (m=1) to near-Gaussian fading (m→∞). It is often used to describe multipath fading of varying severity. These fading models can also be combined with large-scale path loss models (such as free-space path loss and logarithmic distance path loss models) to construct complete channel models. Large-scale models describe the slowly varying average loss of the signal, while small-scale models are superimposed on top to describe rapid random fluctuations.

[0087] By utilizing server-side resampling to retain high-weight particles, and iterating continuously until convergence, the optimal estimated coordinates (X) of the beacon are finally output. est , Y est This ensures a positioning accuracy of ≤2 m.

[0088] The server will provide the optimal estimated coordinates (X). est , Y estThe system binds the beacon identifiers of the non-powered vehicles to the optimal estimated coordinates, generating heat maps and density distribution maps to visually display the distribution density of non-powered vehicles using different color levels. The server divides the geographic map by region and generates heat maps based on the markers of non-powered vehicles in each region. The heat maps and density distribution maps are sent to the user terminal, which can be a user app or a backend management platform used by administrators. The user app pushes the location of non-powered vehicles to specified locations, such as only pushing the location of non-powered vehicles in the freight area and shipping area to users. The backend management can view the number of non-powered vehicles in the repair area. If a non-powered vehicle appears in the repair area, the backend management immediately arranges for repair personnel to go to the repair area to repair the non-powered vehicle.

[0089] The above method, based on the obtained positioning data and stationary beacon data from the inspection vehicle gateway, uses RSSI and gateway geographic coordinates as input, employs particle filtering to estimate the optimal beacon position, accurately obtains the real-time position of the unpowered vehicle, and promptly sends the position to the user terminal.

[0090] In this embodiment, the method includes: Step 701: The server obtains the beacon identifiers and geographic maps of all non-powered vehicles, and marks each non-powered vehicle on the geographic map according to its real-time location.

[0091] During a round of inspections, when an inspection vehicle scans a beacon, the server records the location coordinates obtained by the inspection vehicle's gateway and marks the non-powered vehicle as "inspected". The server obtains the location coordinates of all non-powered vehicles in the "inspected" state and a digitized geographic map of the site, then binds the location coordinates of the non-powered vehicle with the unique beacon identifier of the beacon and marks it on the map.

[0092] Step 702: When the beacon identifier is not marked, the server updates the status information of the unpowered vehicle to lost.

[0093] During a round of inspections, the server obtains beacon identifiers for all non-powered vehicles marked as "inspected." The server then retrieves all stored beacon identifiers for non-powered vehicles. If a beacon identifier for a particular vehicle is not marked as "inspected," it is marked as "suspected lost" or "not scanned," indicating an abnormal status. The server pushes an alert to administrators via a visual dashboard and a mobile app for this abnormally marked beacon identifier, allowing administrators to address the anomaly promptly. Administrators can also locate the non-powered vehicles marked as abnormal in the previous round of inspections, reducing search time.

[0094] The server monitors the usage status and location distribution of non-motorized vehicles in real time, pushing alarms to the resource management team. This allows the resource management team to promptly detect issues such as non-motorized vehicles crossing boundaries, being lost, or being parked abnormally, shortening the time required to handle these issues. Through multiple rounds of inspections, the server obtains a wealth of historical trajectory and usage data for non-motorized vehicles, which can be used for operational analysis and asset optimization scheduling, further reducing maintenance costs and improving the efficiency of ground support operations.

[0095] The above method allows the server to accurately mark the location of unpowered vehicles on the map, promptly detect abnormal conditions of unpowered vehicles according to the inspection interval, facilitate asset operation analysis and asset optimization of unpowered vehicles, and make it easier for tractor units to find idle unpowered vehicles.

[0096] In one embodiment, the method includes generating a heat map and a density distribution map based on the real-time location of the non-powered vehicles, and the server visually displays the distribution density of the non-powered vehicles in different color levels to achieve rapid and accurate asset inventory.

[0097] The server processes outliers, removing data points whose coordinates exceed geographical boundaries (e.g., airport boundaries) or whose speeds are abnormal (e.g., unpowered vehicles moving without a tractor). For briefly lost GPS signals, the server uses linear interpolation or Kalman filtering to predict location; for signals missing for extended periods, they are discarded or marked as invalid. The server standardizes timestamps for all data points to avoid density calculation errors caused by inconsistent sampling frequencies. The server divides the airport map by region, such as flight area, terminal area, ground transportation area, cargo area, and maintenance area. Heatmaps are generated based on markers indicating unpowered vehicles in each region. The number of data points in each region is counted and used directly as the density value. The server uses DBSCAN or OPTICS algorithms to identify high-density areas (e.g., unpowered vehicle clusters) and then generates density contour lines. DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) is a density-based clustering algorithm that defines a cluster as the largest set of density-connected points, capable of discovering clusters of arbitrary shapes in noisy data. The OPTICS algorithm is an upgrade to DBSCAN, providing more accurate clustering results. The server updates the location information of unpowered vehicles, generates a distribution map, heat map, and density distribution map of unpowered vehicles, and records them on the server.

[0098] The server automatically generates an inventory list and establishes a clear and standardized database of information on non-motorized vehicles. The database must include a basic information table for non-motorized vehicles (such as vehicle number, name, specifications, and unit), a location log (recording the current location of each vehicle), and a main and detailed inventory task table. Through the relationships between the database tables, data integrity is ensured, providing a reliable data source for the automatically generated list.

[0099] The server can automatically create inventory tasks based on preset rules (such as periodic plans or triggering based on the idle rate of non-powered vehicles). When creating a task, the server automatically reads the number of all non-powered vehicles within a specified area (such as the freight area or maintenance area) from the location record map and generates an initial inventory list. This list serves as the basis for the inventory work and typically includes fields such as the number, name, and location of the non-powered vehicles, with reserved fields for "abnormal non-powered vehicles" and "reason for abnormality" for later completion. The list can be automatically exported to various formats (such as Excel and PDF), and readability and analysis efficiency can be improved using tools such as conditional formatting to automatically highlight abnormal data and pivot tables to generate summary analyses.

[0100] The server can automatically assign inventory tasks and lists to designated inspection vehicles and send reminders via message to ensure timely execution. After the inspection vehicles enter the actual quantity, the server automatically calculates the discrepancy position (actual position - server position) for each non-powered vehicle, automatically initiates secondary or tertiary inventory checks for discrepancies, reduces the probability of errors through multiple verifications, and updates the inventory list. The server generates server-side diagnostic documents regarding issues such as non-powered vehicle position deviations and discrepancies between prediction models and actual results.

[0101] The above method visually displays the distribution density of non-powered vehicles using different color levels. The server automatically records and saves static asset lists and error analysis reports. It can also filter, query, and batch export by region, comprehensively improving operational management efficiency.

[0102] In one embodiment, a method for managing non-motorized vehicle resources is provided, including the following steps: The server associates and stores the user identifier with the tractor gateway identifier.

[0103] Users register an account on a mobile platform (app) using their client devices, generating a user identifier. The server associates and stores this user identifier with the tractor gateway identifier. The tractor can be kept by the user for backup; the tractor identifier and user identifier are bound and stored on the server, and the binding relationship remains unchanged. Alternatively, the management can provide both tractor and non-powered vehicles. The tractor identifier and user identifier are selectively bound during use, and the binding relationship is temporarily stored on the server and unbound after use.

[0104] When a user logs into their account on the client device, the client device sends a connection request to the server, and the client device and server connect via the HTTP protocol. The server obtains the inspection data submitted by the inspection vehicle gateway and the location information provided by the base station via the TCP protocol to obtain the current location of an idle, unpowered vehicle. The mobile platform, server, and gateway collaborate to achieve efficient data processing and maintenance support. The client device is bound to a tractor unit, and the same client device must be bound to at least one tractor unit. After the tractor unit finds the location of an idle, unpowered vehicle, it drives to that location and connects with the vehicle. One connection method is that the front tow bar of the unpowered vehicle is hooked into the rear hook of the tractor unit, a fifth-wheel traction saddle is installed on the chassis of the tractor unit, and the front kingpin of the unpowered vehicle slides into and locks into the saddle unit.

[0105] The server derives the location of the unpowered vehicle, which is approximately estimated as: the current location of the inspection vehicle + the distance offset d calculated based on RSSI. This allows for precise location of the unpowered vehicle.

[0106]

[0107] Where d is the distance offset (in meters) calculated based on RSSI, A is the RSSI value at the reference distance (e.g., 1 meter) (e.g., -59dBm), and n is the environmental path loss factor (generally 1.8-2.2 for outdoor use).

[0108] For example, at a known distance (e.g., 1 meter), the measured signal strength RSSI of the device is used as the baseline value for A (unit: dBm). For instance, Bluetooth devices typically have A of -55dBm to -65dBm at 1 meter, calibrated to -59dBm depending on the specific hardware and environment. The environmental path loss factor is selected based on the environment: n≈2 for open, unobstructed environments, and n≈3 for indoor multi-walled environments. 4. In complex occlusion scenarios, n can be increased to 4 or more.

[0109] The received signal strength (RSSI) is read in real time at the gateway of the inspection vehicle, and the distance is calculated using a formula. RSSI data from five GPS positioning anchor points of the inspection vehicle obtained during a round of inspections are fused (e.g., using triangulation) to reduce the estimation error of a single device.

[0110] Base station-assisted positioning can also be used. Base stations are fixed and can be set up in specific, fixed locations such as doorways, parking lots, and electronic fences. The location information of the base station is sent to the server along with the information transmitted by the base station. Alternatively, the location information of the base station can be pre-stored in the server. When the base station transmits information, the server obtains the base station identifier and associates the base station identifier with the stored location information.

[0111] When the unpowered vehicle is stationary, the server receives beacon signal strength data from multiple base stations and, combined with the known latitude and longitude of the base stations, calculates the device's location using triangulation. When the unpowered vehicle moves, the RSSI changes, and ΔRSSI > dR0. ΔRSSI represents the change in the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of the base stations, typically defined as the difference between two RSSI measurements (e.g., ΔRSSI = RSSI2 - RSSI1), reflecting fluctuations in signal strength or attenuation differences caused by distance changes. dR0 is a preset signal strength change threshold used to determine if a significant change in signal strength has occurred. If ΔRSSI > dR0, the signal strength change is determined to exceed the threshold, indicating the unpowered vehicle is in use, and the server marks the unpowered vehicle as "in use."

[0112] The server will not push the locations of non-motorized vehicles marked as "in use" to other client devices looking for idle non-motorized vehicles. It will only push the locations of non-motorized vehicles marked as "stationary" to client devices looking for idle non-motorized vehicles. Alternatively, the location of non-motorized vehicles marked as "in use" can be displayed on client devices looking for idle non-motorized vehicles. If no idle non-motorized vehicles are found, users can infer which non-motorized vehicle will soon be idle based on their usage habits.

[0113] When the demand for non-powered vehicles exceeds the supply, the server can infer the idle trend of these vehicles. The server obtains the overlapping trajectories and times of non-powered vehicles, and statistically analyzes the historical usage trajectories and times of non-powered vehicles for tractor units, establishing a normal usage baseline. The server analyzes the time-period distribution of non-powered vehicle usage during peak operating hours (e.g., 8-10 AM, 3-5 PM). The server analyzes the cyclical patterns of tractor units using non-powered vehicles, predicts their usage trajectories and times, and forecasts the end time and stopping location of non-powered vehicles. Tractor units can then wait at the nearest stopping location of a non-powered vehicle nearing the end of its workday. The server can also analyze the impact of external factors on usage cycles (e.g., a surge in freight demand during Double Eleven significantly increases the frequency and duration of non-powered vehicle usage).

[0114] Assisting in sensing the spatial location of a stationary unpowered vehicle is a complementary scenario to "precise positioning".

[0115] For stationary, unpowered vehicles, the current location is determined by the coordinates obtained from the last scan by the inspection vehicle, ensuring accurate positioning.

[0116] like Figure 8 As shown, the user sends binding information, the server starts calculating the resources occupied by the unpowered vehicle for that user, and the server obtains the data packet carrying the user's tractor vehicle gateway identifier and the tractor vehicle positioning gateway on the user's tractor vehicle, which is collected in real time and broadcast from at least one Bluetooth beacon from the unpowered vehicle.

[0117] When a user starts using a non-powered vehicle, and the vehicle begins to move, the tractor positioning gateway continuously scans the beacon broadcast in a 1-second sliding window, only including signals with an RSSI greater than -80 dBm and a movement status marked as "moving" in the "moving candidate" list. The server compares the average signal strength (RSSI_avg) of each candidate beacon over four consecutive sliding windows: if the RSSI_avg of a certain gateway is consistently at least 6 dB higher than that of the second-best gateway, it determines that the beacon has formed a "stable bond" with that gateway's vehicle and immediately records the billing start time T_start.

[0118] When the unpowered vehicle stops operating, if the RSSI_avg of the beacon drops below -90 dBm, or if the continuous static state lasts for more than 30 seconds (e.g., Figure 2 (At 13:28:30, unpowered vehicle 3 became uncoupled). The server immediately recognized this as an "unbinding event," recorded the billing end time T_end, and calculated the usage duration ΔT = T_end – T_start. The system continuously reads the timestamp coordinate sequence output by the tractor's GPS module. For each GPS reading, the signal quality is first checked. If it meets a preset threshold, the GPS coordinates are directly used; otherwise, IMU-assisted dead reckoning is initiated, calculating the current position based on the previous valid GPS point and vehicle acceleration, heading, and other information. Subsequently, all GPS coordinates and dead reckoning results are concatenated in chronological order to form the complete trajectory of the unpowered vehicle. By fusing and compensating for the unpowered vehicle's trajectory using the tractor's GPS trajectory and the beacon RSSI-driven dead reckoning algorithm, the positioning error can be kept within 5 meters, even in satellite signal blind spots.

[0119] Finally, resource usage is calculated according to pre-set resource statistics standards on the server (such as by duration, mileage, or region), generating details and pushing them to the backend server. Simultaneously, the usage record for this non-motorized vehicle is stored. The usage record details include other information such as the vehicle model, type, and quantity used.

[0120] Based on the logic of vibration-driven events and historical RSSI signals after the tractor is tied to a non-powered vehicle, the server automatically triggers the "pay as you pull, settle as you stop" process, eliminating manual tracking and intervention. By accumulating the duration and mileage of a continuous pulling trajectory through the server, the server achieves refined calculation of resource usage by minute / meter.

[0121] In the event of abnormal link loss or power outage, the server automatically resumes or terminates calculations by combining historical RSSI data with dead reckoning in blind zones, improving the fairness and transparency of resource calculations. A mapping relationship (database) between signal strength and location is constructed by recording RSSI received by the gateway at different locations. Historical data reflects the spatial distribution characteristics of the signal and is used for location inference when the signal is missing. The current location of unpowered vehicles is determined by matching real-time collected RSSI values ​​with the historical database. In signal blind zones (such as airport corners, near terminals, etc.), the signal change patterns within the blind zone are predicted using RSSI characteristics (such as signal attenuation trends) at the blind zone entrance, and the location estimate is adjusted based on the unpowered vehicle trajectory calculation results.

[0122] Client devices can retrieve user operation logs from the server. The client sends an HTTP request to the server to obtain the log data. The request includes authentication information (such as a token, API key, or SessionID) to ensure that only authorized users can access the log data. The client can pass parameters such as time range, user ID, and log type to filter specific log records. The server returns the log data (usually in JSON format), which the client parses and displays to the user.

[0123] The operation logs include user logs and administrator logs. The log permission module further includes: target permissions are differentiated by role; a target user with the same role can view the user logs under that role; and an administrator role is set up, granting access to all operation logs, with the administrator logs only visible to administrators at the same level.

[0124] Client devices and mobile platforms feature asset inventory and report export functions for scenarios requiring asset inventory of non-powered vehicles. The server typically manages and tracks the status and location of non-powered vehicles through information technology. Each non-powered vehicle is equipped with a unique beacon identifier as its identification credential. Inspection vehicles and base stations scan the beacon identifiers and upload the data to the server. The server receives and records the data, storing it in a database and updating the corresponding non-powered vehicle status. The server outputs the precise location of the non-powered vehicle and sends an alarm when it crosses boundaries. Historical trajectory analysis assesses key indicators such as utilization rate and loss rate to support decision-making and management.

[0125] Users can promptly obtain information on the resource occupancy of the non-powered vehicle during their use. The backend management system can view the location and usage status of each non-powered vehicle in real time. Managers can also query the vehicle's status information, including location and status, through the backend management system, improving vehicle safety and management efficiency. Vehicle locks can also be installed on the non-powered vehicles, preferably passive locks. Passive locks decouple the energy required for high-power unlocking from the lock end installed on the trailer to a portable unlocking device carried by the user. The unlocking device provides instantaneous power to the lock via electromagnetic coupling. The lock rectifies and stabilizes the energy before storing it in a supercapacitor. The lock has pre-installed mechanical energy storage (e.g., spring potential energy). During unlocking, only milliwatt-level / short pulse electrical energy is needed to drive the electromagnetic trigger mechanism to release the lock. Subsequently, mechanical energy storage completes the retraction of the bolt. Before unlocking, a two-way encrypted handshake and authorization verification are performed. Upon locking, a mechanical reset triggers a "locking successful" report, thus forming a closed-loop record of "unlocking starts billing—locking ends billing." The user unlocks the non-motorized vehicle using the unlocking device; the server identifies the unlocking time as the unlocking time. The server identifies the "lock successfully" time as the locking time. By using the unlocking and locking time markers of the non-motorized vehicle, the usage time of the non-motorized vehicle can be more accurately defined; the usage time of the non-motorized vehicle is after unlocking and before locking.

[0126] The server collects the usage trajectory and performance parameters of non-powered vehicles during the corresponding time period, analyzes the health status and usage efficiency of non-powered vehicles, provides data support for resource scheduling, and promptly detects abnormal non-powered vehicles.

[0127] Reports can be exported from the server, providing a clear view of the status of all non-powered vehicles in the area. The mobile platform features alarm push notifications and non-powered vehicle inventory functions, allowing managers to monitor the implementation status of non-powered vehicles in real time, facilitating control and timely handling of abnormal non-powered vehicles. For example, if the server marks a non-powered vehicle as not inspected, it promptly pushes the anomaly information to on-site staff, marking uninspected beacons as "suspected lost" or "not scanned." The beacons of these abnormal non-powered vehicles are then pushed to managers via a visual display screen and the mobile app, enabling timely anomaly handling. Managers can locate the non-powered vehicles marked as abnormal in the previous inspection round and use that location as a base point to search for the corresponding vehicles in the surrounding area, shortening the search time.

[0128] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0129] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for managing non-motorized vehicle resources, characterized in that, The method includes: The data packets sent in real time by the positioning gateway of the tractor vehicle are acquired. The data packets include multiple beacon data packets broadcast by Bluetooth beacons from the unpowered vehicle and gateway data packets generated by the positioning gateway of the tractor vehicle upon receiving the beacon data packets. The beacon data packets contain at least the beacon identifier of the received Bluetooth beacon and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle in real time. The gateway data packets contain at least the timestamp of receiving the beacon data packets, the position information of the tractor vehicle, and the measured signal strength value. The system determines whether the tractor and the unpowered vehicle have overlapping trajectories based on multiple gateway data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon. When it is determined that the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap, the overlapping period is determined based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle. The resource usage of the unpowered vehicle is calculated based on the gateway identifier, beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and tractor running trajectory of the tractor.

2. The method for managing non-powered vehicle resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining whether the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap based on multiple data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon includes: Extract the signal strength values ​​from all gateway data packets of the same Bluetooth beacon; When the change in the signal strength value is determined to be within a first threshold range, it is determined that the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap.

3. The method for managing non-powered vehicle resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the overlapping time period based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle includes: The position information of the tractor is obtained to obtain the second motion state of the tractor. Based on the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle, a coordinated timestamp is determined when the first motion state and the second motion state are consistent. Based on the collaborative timestamp, an overlapping period is determined, which includes the binding and unbinding times of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle.

4. The method for managing non-powered vehicle resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of calculating the resource usage of the unpowered vehicle based on the gateway identifier, beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and overlapping trajectory of the tractor includes: Obtain all beacon identifiers whose trajectories overlap with the gateway identifier of the tractor vehicle; The overlapping trajectory is determined based on the overlapping time period corresponding to the gateway identifier and the beacon identifier and the tractor running trajectory; Based on the pre-set resource statistics standards, according to the beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and overlapping trajectory, the resource occupied by the tractor during the calculation period is calculated, and the resource occupied by the tractor is output and recorded.

5. The method for managing non-powered vehicle resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, When it is determined that the signal strength value carried by the gateway data packet of the same Bluetooth beacon has changed significantly or the second motion state is different from the first motion state, it is determined that the unpowered vehicle and the tractor are untied.

6. A method for managing non-motorized vehicle resources, characterized in that, The method includes: A Bluetooth beacon installed on a non-powered vehicle broadcasts beacon data packets in real time. The beacon data packets include at least the beacon identifier of the received Bluetooth beacon and the first motion state of the non-powered vehicle in real time. The tractor positioning gateway on the tractor collects at least one beacon data packet broadcast from a Bluetooth beacon of an unpowered vehicle in real time, and generates a gateway data packet simultaneously. The gateway data packet contains at least a timestamp of receiving the beacon data packet, the tractor's location information, and the measured signal strength value. The server receives at least one tractor positioning gateway data fed back by the tractor gateway, the tractor gateway data carrying the tractor gateway identifier and all data packets; The server determines whether the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap based on multiple gateway data packets from the same Bluetooth beacon; When the trajectories of the tractor and the unpowered vehicle overlap, the server determines the overlap period based on the position information of the tractor and the first motion state of the unpowered vehicle. The server determines the overlapping trajectory based on the gateway identifier, beacon identifier, overlapping time period, and movement trajectory of the tractor, and then calculates the resource usage of the unpowered vehicle.

7. The method for managing non-powered vehicle resources according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method includes: The inspection vehicle's gateway terminal collects at least one beacon data packet broadcast from a Bluetooth beacon of an unpowered vehicle in real time and generates inspection data. The server obtains the inspection data collected by the inspection vehicle gateway and the inspection path of the inspection vehicle. The server determines the real-time location of the unpowered vehicle based on the inspection data and the inspection path, and marks the unpowered vehicle.

8. The method for managing non-powered vehicle resources according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method includes: The server obtains the beacon identifiers and geographic maps of all non-powered vehicles, and marks each non-powered vehicle on the geographic map according to its real-time location. When a beacon is not marked, the server updates the status information of the non-powered vehicle corresponding to that beacon to "lost".

9. The method for managing non-powered vehicle resources according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method includes: Heat maps and density distribution maps are generated based on the real-time locations, and the distribution density of the unpowered vehicles is displayed intuitively with different color levels. The geographic map is divided into regions, and a heat map is generated based on the markers of non-motorized vehicles in each region.

10. The method for managing non-powered vehicle resources according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method includes: the server associating and storing the user identifier with the tractor gateway identifier.

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