High-efficiency velvet antler mushroom forward cutting and harvesting machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of production equipment in the edible mushroom industry, in particular to a high-efficiency velvet antler mushroom forward cutting and harvesting machine which comprises a rack, and a conveying roller way, a positioning mechanism, a jacking mechanism and a cutting and harvesting mechanism are sequentially arranged on the rack in the material conveying direction. The jacking mechanism is arranged below the conveying roller way, and the positioning mechanism is correspondingly arranged above the jacking mechanism. The conveying roller way drives the conveying roller to rotate through the transmission assembly; the positioning mechanism and the jacking mechanism are driven by air cylinders, and are matched with a symmetrical guide structure to guarantee accuracy and stability; the cutting and harvesting mechanism comprises a double-guide-rail translation track and a translation sliding seat driven by a rack and a gear, and a cutting tool and a fresh mushroom conveying mechanism are fixed on the translation sliding seat. According to the full-automatic mushroom harvesting machine, full-process automation is achieved, forward cutting is accurate, mushroom bodies are not damaged, operation is stable, maintenance is convenient and fast, the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved, and the full-automatic mushroom harvesting machine is suitable for industrial batch harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of production equipment in the edible fungi industry, specifically a high-efficiency forward-cutting harvesting machine for mushrooms. Background Technology

[0002] As a high-value edible fungus, the market demand for deer antler mushrooms is increasing year by year. However, traditional harvesting methods mainly rely on manual labor, which is not only inefficient but also labor-intensive, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production. Furthermore, manual cutting is prone to uneven cutting and damage to the mushrooms, affecting product quality and market competitiveness. Therefore, developing an efficient, precise, and automated deer antler mushroom cutting and harvesting equipment is particularly urgent.

[0003] Manual harvesting is slow and cannot meet the demands of large-scale production. Especially during peak harvesting seasons, labor shortages lead to extended harvesting cycles and impact market supply.

[0004] Manual cutting is difficult to guarantee precision, which can easily cause damage to the mushrooms or uneven cutting, affecting the product's appearance and market value.

[0005] Some existing harvesting equipment only has simple conveying and cutting functions, lacking auxiliary mechanisms such as positioning and lifting, which makes it impossible to achieve precise cutting, resulting in poor cutting effect, difficulty in accurately controlling the cutting position, and uneven cutting surface, which affects subsequent processing and sales. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-efficiency forward-cutting harvester for deer antler mushrooms.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high-efficiency forward-cutting harvesting machine for deer antler mushrooms includes a frame. A conveying roller conveyor, a positioning mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and a cutting and harvesting mechanism are sequentially arranged on the frame along the material conveying direction. The lifting mechanism is located below the conveying roller conveyor, and the positioning mechanism is correspondingly located above the conveying roller conveyor. The conveying roller conveyor includes a roller conveyor support, conveying rollers, roller shafts, and a roller conveyor drive motor. The roller conveyor support is fixed to the frame, and a plurality of conveying rollers are rotatably connected to the roller conveyor support at equal intervals via roller shafts. The output end of the roller conveyor drive motor is connected via a transmission assembly. Connected to the roller shaft, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting bracket, a lifting cylinder, a lifting guide rod, and a lifting support plate. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning bracket, a positioning cylinder, a positioning guide block, and a positioning pressure plate. The cutting and harvesting mechanism includes a translation track, a translation slide, a translation drive assembly, a cutting tool, and a fresh mushroom conveying mechanism. The translation track is horizontally fixed to the frame in a direction perpendicular to the material conveying direction. The translation slide is slidably connected to the translation track. The translation drive assembly is drively connected to the translation slide. The cutting tool is connected to the front end of the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism. The fresh mushroom conveying mechanism is fixed to the translation slide and moves synchronously.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting bracket is fixed to the bottom of the roller conveyor bracket, the lifting cylinder is vertically fixed to the middle of the lifting bracket, and its output end is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the lifting support plate. A plurality of lifting guide rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting cylinder, one end of which is fixedly connected to the lifting support plate, and the other end is slidably inserted on the lifting bracket.

[0009] More preferably, the positioning bracket is fixed horizontally across the upper part of the frame, the positioning cylinder is fixed vertically downward in the middle of the positioning bracket, its output end is fixedly connected to the center position of the upper surface of the positioning pressure plate, a plurality of positioning guide blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioning cylinder, a positioning guide rail is slidably installed on the positioning guide block, and one end of the positioning guide rail is fixedly connected to the positioning pressure plate.

[0010] Preferably, the translation track has a double guide rail structure with limit anti-collision blocks at both ends, and the limit anti-collision blocks are made of rubber.

[0011] Preferably, the translation slide has mounting frames at both ends, and the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism is tilted and fixed on the mounting frames. The fresh mushroom conveying mechanism includes a conveying bracket, a conveying belt, a drive roller, a driven roller, and a conveying motor. The conveying bracket is fixed on the mounting frame, the drive roller is rotatably mounted on one end of the conveying bracket, several driven rollers are distributed on the conveying bracket and rotatably mounted on the conveying bracket, the conveying belt is sleeved on the drive roller and the driven roller, the conveying motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame at one end of the translation slide, the output end of the conveying motor passes through the mounting frame and is fitted with a second drive sprocket, one end of the drive roller passes through the conveying bracket and is fitted with a third transmission sprocket, and a drive chain is sleeved between the second drive sprocket and the third transmission sprocket.

[0012] More preferably, the cutting tool includes a tool holder and a cutting blade. The tool holder is fixed to the front end of the conveying bracket, and the cutting blade is bolted to the tool holder. The conveying surface of the conveyor belt on the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism is flush with the rear end of the cutting blade.

[0013] Preferably, the translation drive assembly includes a translation motor, a translation rack, a drive shaft, and a drive gear. The translation motor is fixedly mounted on the top of the translation slide, the drive shaft is mounted on the output end of the translation motor, the drive gear is fixedly fitted on the bottom end of the drive shaft, the translation rack is fixedly mounted on the top of the frame, and the drive gear meshes with the translation rack.

[0014] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a drive sprocket one, a transmission sprocket one, and a transmission sprocket two. The roller conveyor drive motor is fixedly installed at the bottom front end of the roller conveyor support. The drive sprocket one is installed at the output end of the roller conveyor drive motor. The transmission sprocket one and the transmission sprocket two are respectively fitted onto the two ends of the conveying roller. A transmission chain is fitted between the drive sprocket one and the transmission sprocket one, and a transmission chain is fitted between the transmission sprocket twos of several conveying rollers.

[0015] In a further preferred embodiment, the frame is also equipped with an electrical control box, which contains a PLC control system. The PLC control system is electrically connected to the conveyor roller conveyor, the positioning mechanism, the lifting mechanism, the cutting and harvesting mechanism, and the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism.

[0016] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a high-efficiency forward-cutting harvester for deer antler mushrooms, which has the following beneficial effects: The conveyor rollers in this technical solution are arranged at equal intervals, and the conveyor rollers drive motor and transmission components to achieve stable and continuous material conveying. The lifting mechanism and the positioning mechanism ensure that each batch of deer antler mushrooms can be accurately aligned and fixed in position before cutting, avoiding cutting errors or damage caused by position deviations and ensuring the consistency of cutting quality.

[0017] The combination of a translational track and a translational slide in the cutting and harvesting mechanism enables precise movement of the cutting blade along a direction perpendicular to the material conveying direction, ensuring the accuracy of the cutting path. The inclined design of the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism allows the cut mushrooms to be quickly transferred from the cutting area to subsequent processing steps, improving production efficiency and reducing the risk of blockages. The seamless connection between the cutting blade and the front end of the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism ensures that the cut product can immediately enter the next stage, avoiding secondary contamination or damage.

[0018] The lifting cylinder and positioning cylinder are responsible for lifting and pressing the deer antler mushrooms respectively. Multiple guide rods and guide blocks ensure smooth and stable operation, enhancing the stability of the equipment. Limiting anti-collision blocks are installed at both ends of the translation track to prevent damage to the equipment due to overtravel. All key components, such as the conveying roller, drive roller, and driven roller, are made of wear-resistant materials, extending their service life.

[0019] The PLC control system boasts a high degree of integration, enabling real-time monitoring and adjustment of the operating status of each subsystem to achieve fully automated control. The electrical control box incorporates various sensors and actuators, supporting self-diagnosis and alarm functions, thus reducing maintenance difficulty and costs. Furthermore, the system can flexibly adjust parameters according to the characteristics of different varieties of deer antler mushrooms, demonstrating strong adaptability.

[0020] The fresh mushroom conveyor adopts a belt-type design, which reduces noise and dust pollution; the entire device has a compact and reasonable layout, occupies a small area, and is easy to install and debug; all operating interfaces are user-friendly and easy to master, reducing the labor intensity of workers and improving the comfort of the working environment.

[0021] In summary, this invention, through a series of innovative designs, solves many bottleneck problems in the traditional harvesting process of deer antler mushrooms, and realizes efficient, precise and automated harvesting operations. It not only greatly improves production efficiency, but also significantly improves product quality, and has broad application prospects and significant economic value. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top-view planar structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front planar structure of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Roller conveyor support; 3. Conveyor roller; 4. Second drive sprocket; 5. Roller conveyor drive motor; 6. First drive sprocket; 7. Positioning bracket; 8. Positioning cylinder; 9. Positioning pressure plate; 10. Positioning guide block; 11. Positioning guide rail; 12. Lifting cylinder; 13. Lifting bracket; 14. Lifting support plate; 15. Lifting guide rod; 16. Fresh mushroom conveying mechanism; 17. Electrical control box; 18. Knife holder; 19. Cutting blade; 20. Translation track; 21. Translation slide; 22. Translation rack; 23. Translation motor; 24. Conveyor support; 25. Mounting frame; 26. Conveyor motor; 27. Drive chain; 28. Second drive sprocket; 29. ​​Third drive sprocket; 30. Transmission gear. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1-4 This invention discloses a high-efficiency forward-cutting harvesting machine for deer antler mushrooms, comprising a frame 1. A conveyor roller conveyor, a positioning mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and a cutting and harvesting mechanism are sequentially arranged on the frame 1 along the material conveying direction. The lifting mechanism is located below the conveyor roller conveyor, and the positioning mechanism is correspondingly located above the conveyor roller conveyor. The conveyor roller conveyor includes a roller conveyor support 2, conveyor rollers 3, roller shafts, and a roller conveyor drive motor 5. The roller conveyor support 2 is fixed to the frame 1. A plurality of conveyor rollers 3 are rotatably connected to the roller conveyor support 2 at equal intervals via roller shafts. The output end of the roller conveyor drive motor 5 is connected to the roller shafts via a transmission assembly. The lifting mechanism includes a lifting support... The machine includes a frame 13, a lifting cylinder 12, a lifting guide rod 15, and a lifting support plate 14. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning bracket 7, a positioning cylinder 8, a positioning guide block 10, and a positioning pressure plate 9. The cutting and harvesting mechanism includes a translation track 20, a translation slide 21, a translation drive assembly, a cutting tool, and a fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16. The translation track 20 is horizontally fixed on the frame 1 along a direction perpendicular to the material conveying direction. The translation slide 21 is slidably connected to the translation track 20. The translation drive assembly is drivenly connected to the translation slide 21. The cutting tool is connected to the front end of the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16. The fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16 is fixed on the translation slide 21 and moves synchronously.

[0025] This technical solution utilizes a conveyor roller conveyor to uniformly transport the mushroom bags loaded with deer antler mushrooms to the work station in a set direction. The positioning and lifting mechanisms work in tandem to precisely clamp and support the mushroom bags, ensuring no shifting or shaking during cutting. The cutting and harvesting mechanism moves horizontally perpendicular to the conveying direction, using cutting blades to precisely cut the deer antler mushrooms and mushroom bags in the forward direction. Simultaneously, the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16 immediately receives the cut mushrooms and quickly transports them to the collection end, achieving simultaneous cutting and harvesting. The entire process is centrally controlled by a PLC system, with precise timing coordination between the actions of each mechanism, significantly improving harvesting efficiency and mushroom integrity, fully adapting to the harvesting needs of large-scale deer antler mushroom cultivation.

[0026] The frame 1 serves as the core load-bearing frame of the entire machine, providing a stable installation benchmark for the conveyor rollers, positioning mechanism, lifting mechanism, and cutting and harvesting mechanism, ensuring the relative positional accuracy of each mechanism; at the same time, it distributes the working load of each working mechanism, preventing deformation and shaking of the entire machine during continuous operation, and ensuring cutting and conveying accuracy.

[0027] The frame 1 is preferably made of welded steel, usually square steel / channel steel, which has high rigidity and resistance to deformation. Its structural dimensions are designed according to the specifications of the mushroom bags, such as cylindrical mushroom bags with a diameter of 15-20cm. This ensures that the installation position of each mechanism is completely matched with the mushroom bag conveying trajectory and cutting height, which is the basis for the stable operation of the whole machine.

[0028] The conveyor roller conveyor consists of roller conveyor support 2, conveyor rollers 3, roller shafts and roller conveyor drive motor 5. The roller conveyor drive motor 5 drives the roller shaft to rotate through the transmission component, which in turn drives several conveyor rollers 3 to rotate synchronously. The antler mushroom bags placed on the conveyor rollers 3 move at a uniform speed along the material conveying direction as the rollers rotate, realizing continuous and directional conveying of the mushroom bags and accurately delivering the mushroom bags to the lifting and cutting station.

[0029] The transmission assembly includes a drive sprocket 6, a transmission sprocket 1, and a transmission sprocket 2 4. The output of the roller conveyor drive motor 5 drives the transmission sprocket 1 to rotate via the drive sprocket 6, which in turn drives the first conveyor roller 3 to rotate. The transmission sprockets 2 4 at both ends of each conveyor roller 3 are connected in series via transmission chains, achieving synchronous and unidirectional rotation of all conveyor rollers 3. This design ensures consistent conveying speed, prevents the mushroom bags from shifting or tipping over during conveying, and guarantees the accuracy of subsequent positioning and cutting.

[0030] The equally spaced conveyor rollers 3 are made of wear-resistant plastic or stainless steel, which reduces friction damage to the mushroom bags and has sufficient load-bearing capacity. The sprocket and chain drive is a mature industrial conveyor drive method, which is stable, easy to maintain, and suitable for the harsh working environment of agricultural harvesting equipment, and can achieve long-term continuous operation.

[0031] The lifting mechanism is located below the conveyor rollers. When the mushroom bag reaches the work station, the lifting cylinder 12 extends and pushes the lifting plate 14 upward to lift the mushroom bag from between the conveyor rollers 3, remove it from the conveyor rollers, and raise it to the preset cutting height, providing a stable support foundation for subsequent positioning and cutting.

[0032] The lifting bracket 13 is fixed to the bottom of the roller support 2, providing a stable mounting point for the lifting cylinder 12; the lifting cylinder 12 is vertically fixed in the middle of the support, and its output end is connected to the center of the lower surface of the lifting support plate 14 to ensure uniform lifting force; the lifting guide rods 15 are symmetrically arranged on both sides, with one end fixed to the lifting support plate 14 and the other end sliding through the lifting bracket 13 to form a double guide structure, preventing the lifting support plate 14 from tilting or rotating during the lifting process, and ensuring that the mushroom bag remains horizontal after being lifted.

[0033] The cylinder drive features fast response and stable output, making it suitable for frequent lifting operations. The dual guide rod design compensates for the stability defects of the single-axis cylinder drive, ensuring accurate lifting height of the mushroom bag and providing a precise height reference for forward cutting. This avoids damage to the mushroom bag due to excessive cutting depth or leaving mushroom stem residue due to insufficient cutting depth caused by height deviation of the mushroom bag.

[0034] The positioning mechanism is positioned above the conveyor rollers and operates synchronously with the lifting mechanism. When the mushroom bag is lifted by the lifting support plate 14, the positioning cylinder 8 extends and pushes the positioning pressure plate 9 to extend, pressing the side surface of the mushroom bag and forming a clamping and fixing structure with the lifting support plate 14 to ensure that the mushroom bag does not shake or shift axially during the cutting process.

[0035] The positioning bracket 7 is fixed across the upper part of the frame 1 to ensure that the clamping trajectory of the positioning pressure plate 9 is aligned with the mushroom bag; the positioning guide block 10 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioning cylinder 8, and the positioning guide rail 11 is slidably installed in the guide block and fixed with the positioning pressure plate 9 to form a double guide limit to prevent the positioning pressure plate 9 from tilting when it extends; the positioning pressure plate 9 is made of rubber or covered with a buffer pad to avoid damaging the surface of the mushroom bag when it is pressed.

[0036] The upper clamping and lower support clamping method is the key to solving the problem of easy rolling when cutting cylindrical mushroom bags. The double guide structure ensures that the downward pressing direction of the positioning pressure plate 9 is vertical and the clamping force is uniform. The synchronous drive of the cylinder can be precisely matched with the lifting mechanism to achieve rapid fixing and release of the mushroom bags, which is suitable for continuous operation.

[0037] The cutting and harvesting mechanism is the core innovation of the whole machine. It integrates the translation track 20, translation slide 21, translation drive component, cutting blade and fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16 to achieve simultaneous horizontal cutting and immediate conveying, solving the efficiency bottleneck of manual picking after traditional cutting.

[0038] The translation drive assembly drives the translation slide 21 to move horizontally along the translation track 20, perpendicular to the material conveying direction, thereby driving the cutting tool and the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16 to move synchronously, completing the transverse forward cutting of the deer antler mushroom; the translation track 20 provides precise horizontal movement guidance for cutting and conveying.

[0039] Translation drive assembly: Translation motor 23 drives the transmission shaft to rotate, which drives the transmission gear 30 to mesh with the translation rack 22 fixed on the top of the frame 1, converting the rotational motion into the linear motion of the translation slide 21. The transmission accuracy is high and the speed is controllable, ensuring that the cutting tool moves at a uniform speed and the cutting surface is flat. Translation track 20: adopts a double guide rail structure to improve the movement stability of the translation slide 21; the rubber limit anti-collision blocks at both ends limit the travel limit of the slide and buffer the impact when the slide is in place, so as to avoid equipment damage and mushroom body falling.

[0040] The gear and rack transmission features high positioning accuracy and strong load capacity, adapting to the resistance load during cutting; the double guide rail structure effectively prevents the translation slide 21 from tilting, ensuring that the cutting tool is always parallel to the axis of the mushroom bag, achieving the technical requirements of forward cutting, and ensuring that the cut surface of the mushroom stem is neat.

[0041] The cutting blade is connected to the front end of the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16. When it moves with the translation slide 21, the cutting blade 19 contacts the stem of the antler mushroom, completing the separation and cutting of the mushroom body and the spawn bag.

[0042] The blade holder 18 is fixed to the front end of the conveyor bracket 24, and the cutting blade 19 is detachably installed by bolts, making it easy to replace different specifications of blades according to the height of the mushroom stem of the antler mushroom; the conveying surface of the conveyor belt of the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16 is flush with the rear end of the cutting blade 19, ensuring that the cut mushroom body can slide directly onto the conveyor belt without falling or leaving any residue.

[0043] The detachable blade design enhances the equipment's versatility and adapts to the harvesting needs of different batches of deer antler mushrooms; the design of the blade being flush with the conveyor surface is key to achieving simultaneous cutting and harvesting, eliminating gaps caused by the mushrooms falling after cutting, and significantly improving harvesting efficiency and mushroom integrity.

[0044] The fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16 is tilted and fixed on the mounting frame 25 of the translation slide 21. It moves synchronously with the cutting tool. The cut mushrooms slide directly onto the conveyor belt, which quickly transports the mushrooms to the collection end. This belt-type fresh mushroom transfer and conveying mechanism enables immediate harvesting.

[0045] The conveyor bracket 24 is fixed on the mounting frame 25. The drive roller is driven to rotate by the conveyor motor 26 through the drive sprocket 28, the transmission gear 30 and the drive chain 27, which drives the conveyor belt to run. Several driven rollers support the conveyor belt to ensure that the conveying surface is flat. The inclined structure uses gravity to assist in the conveying of mushrooms and reduces the retention of mushrooms on the belt.

[0046] Inclined belt conveyor is a mature method for light-load transportation of agricultural materials. It provides stable and damage-free transport and is well-suited to the delicate and fragile characteristics of deer antler mushrooms. Chain drive ensures stable power transmission from the conveyor motor 26, maintaining the conveyor belt at a uniform speed even during the movement of the sliding slide 21, thus enabling continuous harvesting.

[0047] In actual use, the electrical control box 17 can be configured with a conventional industrial-grade PLC control system to electrically connect with all actuators such as the conveyor roller, positioning mechanism, lifting mechanism, and cutting and harvesting mechanism. The timing and speed of each mechanism are controlled by a preset program to achieve automated operation of the whole machine. At the same time, sensors such as workstation photoelectric sensors can be connected to realize automated control of mushroom bag arrival detection and action triggering.

[0048] The PLC control system features high reliability and strong anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for the complex environment of agricultural harvesting sites. Its modular programming design allows for adjustments to operating parameters based on harvesting efficiency and mushroom bag specifications, enabling one-button start-up and automatic operation, significantly reducing the threshold for manual operation and improving the standardization of operations.

[0049] This technical solution is based on mature mechanical transmission, pneumatic control, and automated control technologies. All core components are standardized industrial products, and the structural design is tailored to the actual process requirements of harvesting deer antler mushrooms. It has no technical barriers and is highly feasible, specifically reflected in the following aspects: General components: The steel frame 1, conveyor roller 3, sprockets and chains, linear guides, gears and racks, cylinders, motors, PLC controllers, etc. are all standardized commercial products in the fields of agricultural machinery and light industrial machinery. They are in stable supply, have low procurement costs, and can be purchased in bulk directly. Customized components include: lifting support plate 14, positioning pressure plate 9, tool holder 18, conveyor bracket 24, etc. The structure is simple and can be completed through conventional sheet metal processing and welding processes. The processing accuracy is easy to guarantee and no special molds are required. Material compatibility: Components that come into contact with the mushroom bags and mushroom bodies, such as the conveyor roller 3, positioning pressure plate 9, and conveyor belt, can be made of food-grade plastic, rubber, or stainless steel, meeting the hygiene requirements for agricultural product harvesting and with mature processing technology.

[0050] The installation and commissioning process is clear and adaptable to industrial deployment. Installation process: The first step is to weld and paint the frame 1, completing the processing of the entire machine's load-bearing frame; The second step is to assemble the conveyor rollers: fix the roller support 2 to the frame 1, install the conveyor rollers 3 and roller shafts, and assemble the sprocket and chain drive assembly and the roller drive motor 5. Third step, assemble the lifting mechanism: fix the lifting bracket 13 to the bottom of the roller support 2, and install the lifting cylinder 12, the lifting guide rod 15 and the lifting plate 14. Fourth step, assemble the positioning mechanism: fix the positioning bracket 7 across the frame 1, and install the positioning cylinder 8, positioning guide block 10, positioning guide rail 11 and positioning pressure plate 9. Fifth step, assemble the cutting and harvesting mechanism: fix the translation track 20 to the frame 1, install the translation slide 21, assemble the translation motor 23 and the gear and rack translation drive assembly, and install the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16 and the cutting blade. Step 6, Electrical Assembly: Install the electrical control box 17 and the PLC control system, connect the motors, cylinders and sensor lines of each mechanism, and complete the wiring of the whole machine.

[0051] Debugging process: First, single-mechanism debugging: test the conveying speed of the conveyor roller, the lifting height of the jacking mechanism, the clamping force of the positioning mechanism, the translation speed of the cutting and harvesting mechanism, and the speed of the conveyor belt to ensure that the parameters of each component meet the standards. Second, timing linkage debugging: Through the PLC preset program, the timing sequence of actions such as mushroom bag placement, lifting, positioning, cutting, harvesting, and resetting is debugged to ensure precise connection of each mechanism; Third, trial harvesting and debugging: using actual deer antler mushroom spawn bags for trial operation, adjusting the cutting height, horizontal movement speed, and conveying speed to ensure neat cutting surfaces, no damage to the mushroom body, and no residue after harvesting.

[0052] Scene adaptability: The equipment has a compact structure and can be adapted to the working environment of large-scale deer antler mushroom cultivation greenhouses and harvesting workshops; by changing the cutting blade 19 and adjusting the lifting height, it can be adapted to the harvesting of deer antler mushrooms of different specifications and different growth heights, making it highly versatile.

[0053] Detailed workflow: Step 1: Feeding and Directional Conveying The workers place the mushroom bags loaded with mature deer antler mushrooms at the feed end of the conveyor rollers, with the mushrooms facing upwards and the axis of the mushroom bag parallel to the conveying direction. The PLC control system starts the roller drive motor 5, which drives all the conveyor rollers 3 to rotate synchronously through the sprocket and chain transmission assembly. The mushroom bags move at a uniform speed along the conveying direction as the rollers rotate. When the mushroom bag moves to the lifting station, if a photoelectric sensor is configured to detect it, the sensor sends a signal to the PLC, and the PLC controls the conveyor rollers to decelerate and stop, so that the mushroom bag stops precisely above the lifting mechanism.

[0054] Step 2: Lifting and Positioning After receiving the signal that the mushroom bag has arrived, the PLC simultaneously sends action commands to the lifting mechanism and the positioning mechanism. The lifting cylinder 12 extends, pushing the lifting plate 14 to move upward along the lifting guide rod 15, lifting the mushroom bag from between the conveying rollers 3, separating it from the conveying roller track and raising it to the preset cutting height, with the mushroom stem position aligned with the cutting blade 19. After the lifting is in place, the lifting cylinder 12 maintains pressure. Simultaneously, the positioning cylinder 8 extends, pushing the positioning pressure plate 9 to move along the positioning guide rail 11, pressing the side surface of the mushroom bag, and forming a clamping and fixing with the lifting support plate 14. After positioning, the positioning cylinder 8 maintains pressure to ensure that there is no deviation or shaking when the mushroom bag is cut.

[0055] Step 3: Forward cutting and immediate harvesting After the mushroom bag is fixed, the PLC sends an action command to the cutting and harvesting mechanism: start the translation motor 23 and the conveying motor 26 of the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism 16; The translation motor 23 drives the transmission gear 30 to mesh with the translation rack 22, which in turn drives the translation slide 21 to move horizontally and at a constant speed along the double guide rail translation track 20 towards the direction of the mushroom bag. As the sliding block 21 moves, the cutting blade 19 first contacts the stem of the antler mushroom, completing the precise forward cutting of the mushroom body and the substrate bag. After being cut, the deer antler mushrooms slide directly onto the conveyor belt that is flush with the rear end of the cutting blade 19 under the action of inertia and gravity. The inclined conveyor belt quickly transports the mushrooms to the discharge end, where they fall into the fresh mushroom transfer conveyor or collection box. When the translation slide 21 moves to its travel limit and touches the rubber limit anti-collision block, the cutting and harvesting are completed, and the PLC controls the translation motor 23 to reverse.

[0056] Step 4: Mechanism Reset The translation slide 21 moves in the opposite direction along the translation track 20 and returns to the initial position, at which point the translation motor 23 and the conveyor motor 26 stop. The PLC controls the retraction of the positioning cylinder 8, the resetting of the positioning pressure plate 9, and the release of the clamping and fixing of the mushroom bag; Simultaneously, the lifting cylinder 12 retracts, and the lifting plate 14 moves downward to place the cut empty mushroom bag back onto the conveyor roller 3. The empty mushroom bags continue to move along the conveyor rollers and are transported to the waste bag conveyor mechanism, completing the complete separation of the mushroom bags from the mushroom bodies.

[0057] Step 5: Cyclic Operation and Finishing After the empty mushroom bag is conveyed away, the conveyor rollers start again to convey the next mushroom bag into the lifting station, repeating the process of positioning, lifting, cutting, harvesting, and resetting to achieve continuous harvesting; After the operation is completed, the operator shuts down the PLC control system and stops the operation of all mechanisms; cleans the mushroom stem residue on the cutting blades and the debris on the conveyor belt, checks the operating status of components such as sprockets, chains, and cylinders, and completes equipment maintenance.

[0058] Exception handling process If the mushroom bag tilts after being lifted, the PLC detects the abnormality through the position sensor and immediately controls the positioning cylinder 8 to stop pressing down, and the lifting cylinder 12 to retract and re-transport the mushroom bag to avoid damaging the mushroom bag or cutting it off. If the cutting blade 19 gets stuck, the translation motor 23 is overloaded, the PLC triggers overload protection, stops the translation operation and alarms. The operator can stop the machine to replace the blade or clear the stuck object. If the mushroom conveyor belt slips, the PLC will detect the abnormality through the speed sensor, control the conveyor motor 26 to stop and sound an alarm. Operators can then adjust the chain tension or replace the belt.

[0059] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency forward-cutting harvesting machine for deer antler mushrooms, characterized in that, The system includes a frame (1), on which a conveying roller conveyor, a positioning mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and a cutting and harvesting mechanism are sequentially arranged along the material conveying direction. The lifting mechanism is located below the conveying roller conveyor, and the positioning mechanism is located above the conveying roller conveyor. The conveying roller conveyor includes a roller conveyor support (2), conveying rollers (3), roller shafts, and a roller conveyor drive motor (5). The roller conveyor support (2) is fixed to the frame (1), and several conveying rollers (3) are rotatably connected to the roller conveyor support (2) at equal intervals through roller shafts. The output end of the roller conveyor drive motor (5) is connected to the roller shaft through a transmission assembly. The lifting mechanism includes a lifting support (13), a lifting cylinder (12), and a lifting guide rod. (15) and lifting plate (14), the positioning mechanism includes positioning bracket (7), positioning cylinder (8), positioning guide block (10) and positioning pressure plate (9), the cutting and harvesting mechanism includes translation track (20), translation slide (21), translation drive assembly, cutting knife and fresh mushroom conveying mechanism (16), the translation track (20) is horizontally fixed on the frame (1) in the direction perpendicular to the material conveying, the translation slide (21) is slidably connected to the translation track (20), the translation drive assembly is drivenly connected to the translation slide (21), the cutting knife is connected to the front end of the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism (16), the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism (16) is fixed on the translation slide (21) and moves synchronously.

2. The high-efficiency deer antler mushroom forward cutting harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting bracket (13) is fixed to the bottom of the roller support (2). The lifting cylinder (12) is vertically fixed to the middle of the lifting bracket (13). Its output end is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the lifting support plate (14). Several lifting guide rods (15) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting cylinder (12). One end of the rod is fixedly connected to the lifting support plate (14), and the other end slides through the lifting bracket (13).

3. The high-efficiency deer antler mushroom forward cutting harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning bracket (7) is fixed across the upper part of the frame (1), the positioning cylinder (8) is fixed vertically downward in the middle of the positioning bracket (7), and its output end is fixedly connected to the center position of the upper surface of the positioning pressure plate (9). Several positioning guide blocks (10) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioning cylinder (8). A positioning guide rail (11) is slidably installed on the positioning guide block (10), and one end of the positioning guide rail (11) is fixedly connected to the positioning pressure plate (9).

4. The high-efficiency deer antler mushroom forward cutting harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The translation track (20) is a double guide rail structure with limit anti-collision blocks at both ends, and the limit anti-collision blocks are made of rubber.

5. A high-efficiency forward-cutting harvesting machine for deer antler mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The translation slide (21) has mounting brackets (25) at both ends. The fresh mushroom conveying mechanism (16) is inclined and fixed on the mounting brackets (25). The fresh mushroom conveying mechanism (16) includes a conveying bracket (24), a conveying belt, a drive roller, a driven roller, and a conveying motor (26). The conveying bracket (24) is fixed on the mounting bracket (25). The drive roller is rotatably mounted on one end of the conveying bracket (24). Several driven rollers are distributed on the conveying bracket (24) and are rotatably mounted on the conveying belt. The bracket (24) is fitted with the conveyor belt on the drive roller and the driven roller. The conveyor motor (26) is fixedly installed on the mounting bracket (25) at one end of the translation slide (21). The output end of the conveyor motor (26) passes through the mounting bracket (25) and is fitted with the second drive sprocket (28). One end of the drive roller passes through the conveyor bracket (24) and is fitted with the third transmission sprocket (29). A drive chain (27) is fitted between the second drive sprocket (28) and the third transmission sprocket (29).

6. A high-efficiency deer antler mushroom forward cutting harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cutting tool includes a tool holder (18) and a cutting blade (19). The tool holder (18) is fixed to the front end of the conveying bracket (24), and the cutting blade (19) is bolted to the tool holder (18). The conveying surface of the conveyor belt on the fresh mushroom conveying mechanism (16) is flush with the rear end of the cutting blade (19).

7. A high-efficiency deer antler mushroom forward cutting harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The translation drive assembly includes a translation motor (23), a translation rack (22), a drive shaft, and a drive gear (30). The translation motor (23) is fixedly installed on the top of the translation slide (21). The drive shaft is installed at the output end of the translation motor (23). The drive gear (30) is fixedly fitted on the bottom end of the drive shaft. The translation rack (22) is fixedly installed on the top of the frame (1). The drive gear (30) meshes with the translation rack (22).

8. A high-efficiency forward-cutting harvesting machine for deer antler mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly includes a drive sprocket (6), a transmission sprocket (1), and a transmission sprocket (2). The roller conveyor drive motor (5) is fixedly installed at the bottom front end of the roller conveyor support (2). The drive sprocket (6) is installed at the output end of the roller conveyor drive motor (5). The transmission sprocket (1) and the transmission sprocket (2) are respectively fitted on both ends of the conveying roller (3). A transmission chain is fitted between the drive sprocket (6) and the transmission sprocket (1). A transmission chain is fitted between the transmission sprockets (2) of several conveying rollers (3).

9. A high-efficiency deer antler mushroom forward cutting harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (1) is also equipped with an electrical control box (17), which is equipped with a PLC control system. The PLC control system is electrically connected to the conveying roller, positioning mechanism, lifting mechanism, cutting and harvesting mechanism and fresh mushroom conveying mechanism (16).

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