Visual hard waist and block combined navigation puncture system for anesthesia

Abstract

The invention discloses a visual hard waist and block combined navigation puncture system for anesthesia, and particularly relates to the field of anesthesia, which comprises an ultrasonic data acquisition module, an electrical impedance data acquisition module, a data fusion processing module and a feedback output module, the ultrasonic data acquisition module is used for acquiring ultrasonic echo signals of skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, yellow ligament, centrum, intervertebral space and epidural space tissue on a puncture path in real time through a superfine array type ultrasonic probe integrated on a puncture needle core, and converting the signals into digital ultrasonic image data; and the data are synchronously transmitted to the data fusion processing module. Through ultrasonic wave and electrical impedance bimodal data acquisition, fusion processing and multi-dimensional feedback navigation, precise visual operation of hard waist combined block anesthesia is realized, the puncture success rate is greatly improved, the complication risk is reduced, the operation time is shortened, the pain of a patient is relieved, meanwhile, the system is adaptive to the requirements of special crowds and clinical quality control teaching scenes, and the application prospect is wide. And the safety is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anesthesia, and more specifically, to a visual endoscopic spinal-epidural block combined with endoscopic puncture system for anesthesia. Background Technology

[0002] Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, as one of the core technologies in the field of clinical anesthesia, occupies an irreplaceable position in lower limb surgery, cesarean section, surgery for elderly patients, and chronic pain treatment due to its advantages such as minimal impact on the circulatory system, good postoperative analgesia, and controllable anesthesia costs. In some scenarios, it is the preferred anesthesia option to ensure patient safety.

[0003] However, in stark contrast to the minimally invasive laparoscopic visualization technology that has been widely adopted in surgical procedures, current combined spinal-epidural anesthesia still largely relies on the traditional blind approach. Anesthesiologists determine the puncture point by touching bony anatomical landmarks such as the spinous processes and intervertebral spaces on the patient's back with their hands. Then, they insert the puncture needle equipped with a plastic needle core in the predicted direction, relying entirely on the tactile sensation of the change in resistance as the needle tip passes through different tissues to judge the depth of insertion. When a breakthrough sensation is felt, it is presumed that the epidural space has been entered. After removing the needle core, the anesthetic drug is injected after confirming the absence of cerebrospinal fluid by aspirating the syringe.

[0004] This procedure can maintain a certain success rate when dealing with ordinary patients with clear anatomical structures, but it is prone to difficulties in special populations: For severely obese patients (BMI>33kg / m²), the thickened subcutaneous fat layer can completely obscure bony landmarks, making it difficult not only to locate the intervertebral space but also to accurately control the needle insertion depth by touch; Cesarean section patients experience changes in the physiological curvature of the spine due to increased abdominal pressure, elderly patients often have bone hyperplasia and narrowing of the intervertebral space, and patients with deformities such as scoliosis and kyphosis, all of which can cause deviations in the puncture path, resulting in significant errors in traditional palpation-based localization. Inaccurate localization directly leads to repeated punctures, with an average of 3-5 punctures, causing not only mechanical trauma such as supraspinous ligament tears and ligamentum flavum injuries but also significantly increasing the incidence of serious complications such as dural rupture, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, epidural hematoma, and nerve damage.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, a technical solution is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a visual endo-spinal block combined puncture system for anesthesia to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a visual epidural-spinal block combined navigation puncture system for anesthesia, comprising: an ultrasound data acquisition module, an electrical impedance data acquisition module, a data fusion processing module, and a feedback output module; The ultrasonic data acquisition module uses an ultra-fine array ultrasonic probe integrated into the puncture needle core to collect ultrasonic echo signals of the skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, vertebral body, intervertebral space, and epidural space tissues along the puncture path in real time, converts the signals into digital ultrasonic image data, and transmits them synchronously to the data fusion processing module. The impedance data acquisition module forms a closed loop with the reference electrode patch attached to the patient's limbs and the measuring electrode at the end of the puncture needle. The impedance analyzer collects the impedance values ​​of different tissues between the puncture needle tip and the reference electrode in real time, distinguishes the impedance differences of subcutaneous fat, ligament tissue, ligamentum flavum and epidural tissue, and transmits the collected impedance data to the data fusion processing module after digitization. The data fusion processing module is used to receive ultrasound image data output by the ultrasound data acquisition module and impedance data output by the electrical impedance data acquisition module. After fusion, it generates a 3D stereoscopic anatomical model and a 2D original ultrasound image, and calculates navigation parameters in real time, such as the distance from the skin to the epidural space, the current needle depth, the needle angle deviation, and the distance between the needle tip and the target area. The feedback output module is used to display the 3D stereoscopic anatomical model, 2D ultrasound raw image, and navigation parameters in sections on the touch screen; at the same time, it outputs different frequency prompts through a buzzer according to the needle tip position and the distance from the target area.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the operation of the ultrasonic data acquisition module includes the following: The center frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is set to 10-15MHz, the scanning mode is 360° circular scanning, the data sampling rate is ≥10 frames / second, and the ultrasonic probe and the puncture needle are coaxially assembled before puncture. During the puncture, the ultrasound probe emits continuous ultrasound signals and receives the reflected echo signals from different tissues along the puncture path, including the skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, vertebral body, intervertebral space, and epidural space. The signal reception range covers an area of ​​0.5-1 cm around the needle tip.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the received analog echo signal is converted into standardized digital ultrasound image data and synchronously transmitted to the data fusion processing module via a shielded coaxial cable, while the acquisition status information is fed back to the data fusion processing module.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the operation of the impedance data acquisition module includes the following: Four reference electrode patches are attached to the clean skin surface of the patient's wrists and ankles respectively. The metal connector at the end of the puncture needle is used as the measuring electrode. A closed current loop is formed with the module's built-in safe current generating unit and impedance analyzer through the wire. After startup, the preset safe current parameters are 0.1-0.5mA and 1kHz low-frequency sinusoidal current. The impedance analyzer's acquisition accuracy is set to 0.1Ω and the acquisition frequency is 10 times / second to clarify the impedance threshold range of different tissues. During the puncture, the safety current generating unit continuously outputs a safety current with preset parameters, and the impedance analyzer collects the tissue impedance values ​​between the puncture needle tip and each reference electrode in real time, recording the impedance data collected each time and the corresponding puncture time point.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the digitized impedance data is synchronously transmitted to the data fusion processing module. At the same time, based on the preset impedance threshold range, the tissue type where the needle tip is located is initially predicted, providing a preliminary reference for data fusion processing.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the operation of the data fusion processing module includes the following: It receives digital ultrasound image data output from the ultrasound data acquisition module, impedance data output from the electrical impedance data acquisition module, and tissue prediction information. Based on the preset dual-modal matching rules, it correlates and calibrates the echo characteristics of the ultrasound image with the impedance data to generate a fused data sequence. The system calls a preset anatomical structure recognition model to parse the fused data sequence, distinguish the boundaries of skin, subcutaneous fat, and ligament tissue, and simultaneously calculate the straight-line distance from the skin to the epidural space and the current needle insertion depth parameters.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a 3D stereoscopic anatomical model containing the puncture path and tissue distribution is constructed based on the parsed fused data sequence, while retaining the 2D cross-sectional image corresponding to the original ultrasound signal. Based on the real-time collected puncture needle displacement information, the spatial coordinates of the needle tip in the 3D model are updated, and the distance between the needle tip and the target area of ​​the epidural space, the needle insertion angle and the deviation value of the optimal path are calculated to form a real-time navigation parameter set.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the generated 3D stereoscopic anatomical model, 2D ultrasound raw images, and navigation parameter set are converted into a standardized data package adapted to the feedback output module, and the real-time update timestamp of the data is marked.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the operation of the feedback output module includes the following: The system receives standardized data packets sent by the data fusion processing module and divides the touch screen into independent display areas: the left area renders the original 2D ultrasound image, the middle area displays the 3D stereoscopic anatomical model and highlights the needle tip position and target area, and the right area displays the navigation parameters in numerical form. Simultaneously, the distance between the needle tip and the target area in the navigation parameters is read, matched with the preset prompt tone rules, and an audio signal of the corresponding frequency is output through the buzzer.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, when the distance between the needle tip and the target area is detected to be less than a preset threshold, a visual warning is triggered in the 3D model area of ​​the touch screen, and the buzzer switches to a continuous alert sound. After the puncture procedure is completed, the fusion data, navigation parameters, and image information of this puncture are automatically saved, and an operation log file is generated.

[0017] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention: Visualized spinal-epidural combined nerve block navigation puncture system for anesthesia: 1. Through the collaborative design of dual-modal data acquisition of ultrasound and electrical impedance, the advantages of anatomical visualization of ultrasound images are combined with the tissue differentiation specificity of electrical impedance data. The 3D stereoscopic anatomical model generated after data fusion processing can clearly present the boundaries of each layer of tissue along the puncture path and the real-time position of the needle tip. This completely eliminates the reliance on palpation of bony landmarks and doctor's experience in traditional operations. For patients with difficult punctures such as obesity, spinal deformities, and elderly patients with bone hyperplasia, the system can accurately calculate and display key parameters such as needle depth and angle deviation, greatly improving the puncture success rate.

[0018] 2. The dual-modal data setting reduces the risk of misjudging similar tissues by single data, ensuring the accuracy of tissue identification; the visual and auditory dual warning functions of the feedback output module promptly remind doctors to slow down the operation when the needle tip approaches key areas such as the epidural space, avoiding complications such as dural damage and nerve stimulation caused by excessively rapid operation. At the same time, precise navigation reduces the number of punctures from the traditional 3-5 times to 1-2 times, significantly reducing mechanical damage to the puncture site, alleviating patient pain and psychological fear, improving the anesthesia experience, and achieving comfortable medical care.

[0019] 3. Real-time response throughout the entire process of data sampling, fusion analysis, and navigation parameter updates significantly shortens the puncture operation time for complex cases and greatly improves the operating room's operational efficiency; the standardized data conversion and shielded transmission design of the ultrasound data acquisition module, as well as the safe current parameter settings of the impedance module, ensure the accuracy of data transmission, avoid the stimulation of the human body by current, and are safe and radiation-free, meeting the safety needs of special groups such as pregnant women and children. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the visualization-guided lumbar-epidural combined nerve block navigation puncture system for anesthesia according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 Figure 1 The present invention provides a visualization-guided lumbar-epidural combined nerve block navigation puncture system for anesthesia, comprising: an ultrasound data acquisition module, an electrical impedance data acquisition module, a data fusion processing module, and a feedback output module; The ultrasonic data acquisition module uses an ultra-fine array ultrasonic probe integrated into the puncture needle core to collect ultrasonic echo signals of the skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, vertebral body, intervertebral space, and epidural space tissues along the puncture path in real time, converts the signals into digital ultrasonic image data, and transmits them synchronously to the data fusion processing module. The impedance data acquisition module forms a closed loop with the reference electrode patch attached to the patient's limbs and the measuring electrode at the end of the puncture needle. The impedance analyzer collects the impedance values ​​of different tissues between the puncture needle tip and the reference electrode in real time, distinguishes the impedance differences of subcutaneous fat, ligament tissue, ligamentum flavum and epidural tissue, and transmits the collected impedance data to the data fusion processing module after digitization. The data fusion processing module is used to receive ultrasound image data output by the ultrasound data acquisition module and impedance data output by the electrical impedance data acquisition module. After fusion, it generates a 3D stereoscopic anatomical model and a 2D original ultrasound image, and calculates navigation parameters in real time, such as the distance from the skin to the epidural space, the current needle depth, the needle angle deviation, and the distance between the needle tip and the target area. The feedback output module is used to display the 3D stereoscopic anatomical model, 2D ultrasound raw image, and navigation parameters in sections on the touch screen; at the same time, it outputs different frequency prompts through a buzzer according to the needle tip position and the distance from the target area.

[0023] The operation of the ultrasonic data acquisition module includes the following: The center frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is set to 10-15MHz, the scanning mode is 360° circular scanning, the data sampling rate is ≥10 frames / second, and the ultrasonic probe and the puncture needle are coaxially assembled before puncture. During the puncture, the ultrasound probe emits continuous ultrasound signals and receives the reflected echo signals from different tissues along the puncture path, including the skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, vertebral body, intervertebral space, and epidural space. The signal reception range covers an area of ​​0.5-1 cm around the needle tip.

[0024] The received analog echo signal is converted into standardized digital ultrasound image data and transmitted synchronously to the data fusion processing module via a shielded coaxial cable. At the same time, the acquisition status information is fed back to the data fusion processing module.

[0025] The received analog echo signal is first amplified by a preamplifier, then filtered by a bandpass filter (with a filtering range matching the center frequency of 10-15MHz) to remove noise interference. Subsequently, the analog signal is converted into a 12-bit digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Based on a preset ultrasound image encoding protocol, the digital signal is encapsulated into a standardized pixel matrix format (resolution 512×512) to form digital ultrasound image data. The data is then synchronously transmitted to the data fusion processing module at a transmission rate of 100Mbps via a shielded coaxial cable to avoid data delay or signal attenuation.

[0026] During signal conversion and transmission, the ultrasonic data acquisition module monitors the signal-to-noise ratio, ADC conversion error, and transmission link connectivity in real time, encapsulating this information into status data packets and synchronously feeding them back to the data fusion processing module. Standardized conversion ensures that the ultrasonic image data and the data fusion processing module's parsing format are compatible, improving data compatibility. Real-time status feedback allows the system to promptly identify signal anomalies (such as poor probe contact), preventing invalid data from participating in fusion. Meanwhile, shielded transmission effectively reduces electromagnetic interference, ensuring the accuracy of data transmission.

[0027] The operation of the electrical impedance data acquisition module includes the following: Four reference electrode patches are attached to the clean skin surface of the patient's wrists and ankles respectively. The metal connector at the end of the puncture needle is used as the measuring electrode. A closed current loop is formed with the module's built-in safe current generating unit and impedance analyzer through the wire. After startup, the preset safe current parameters are 0.1-0.5mA and 1kHz low-frequency sinusoidal current. The impedance analyzer's acquisition accuracy is set to 0.1Ω and the acquisition frequency is 10 times / second to clarify the impedance threshold range of different tissues. During the puncture, the safety current generating unit continuously outputs a safety current with preset parameters, and the impedance analyzer collects the tissue impedance values ​​between the puncture needle tip and each reference electrode in real time, recording the impedance data collected each time and the corresponding puncture time point.

[0028] The digitized impedance data is synchronously transmitted to the data fusion processing module. At the same time, based on the preset impedance threshold range, the tissue type where the needle tip is located is initially predicted, providing a preliminary reference for data fusion processing.

[0029] The preset safe current parameters are 0.3mA (within the safe range of 0.1-0.5mA) and a low-frequency sinusoidal current of 1kHz; the preset impedance threshold range corresponds to the typical electrical impedance of different tissues: 100-300Ω for subcutaneous fat, 500-800Ω for ligamentous tissue (supraspinous / interspinous ligaments), 1000-1500Ω for ligamentum flavum, and 2000-3000Ω for epidural space.

[0030] Choosing a safe current of 0.3mA and 1kHz ensures the signal strength of impedance measurement, avoids stimulation or discomfort to the human body, and meets the safety requirements of anesthesia scenarios. Defining the impedance threshold range of each tissue allows the module to quickly make a preliminary judgment on the tissue where the needle tip is located, reduces the computational load of the data fusion processing module, improves the efficiency of navigation parameter generation, and the standardized thresholds also make tissue identification more consistent and reduce the risk of misjudgment.

[0031] The operation of the data fusion processing module includes the following: It receives digital ultrasound image data output from the ultrasound data acquisition module, impedance data output from the electrical impedance data acquisition module, and tissue prediction information. Based on the preset dual-modal matching rules, it correlates and calibrates the echo characteristics of the ultrasound image with the impedance data to generate a fused data sequence. The system calls a preset anatomical structure recognition model to parse the fused data sequence, distinguish the boundaries of skin, subcutaneous fat, and ligament tissue, and simultaneously calculate the straight-line distance from the skin to the epidural space and the current needle insertion depth parameters.

[0032] Based on the parsed fused data sequence, a 3D stereoscopic anatomical model containing the puncture path and tissue distribution is constructed, while retaining the 2D cross-sectional image corresponding to the original ultrasound signal. The 3D stereoscopic anatomical model is represented as follows: in, For the needle tip spatial coordinates, Indicates standard needle tip diameter information. This indicates the needle tip speed information. Indicates needle tip angle information. Represents voxel information, This represents the average of the upper and lower limits of the needle insertion speed threshold. This represents the average of the upper and lower limits of the needle tip angle threshold. This represents the mean of the upper and lower limits of the voxel information threshold. Indicates the impact factor. This represents the lower limit of the needle insertion speed threshold. This represents the lower limit of the needle tip angle threshold. This represents the lower limit of the voxel information threshold. Based on the real-time collected puncture needle displacement information, the spatial coordinates of the needle tip in the 3D model are updated, and the distance between the needle tip and the target area of ​​the epidural space, the needle insertion angle and the deviation value of the optimal path are calculated to form a real-time navigation parameter set.

[0033] The generated 3D stereoscopic anatomical model, 2D ultrasound raw images, and navigation parameter set are converted into a standardized data package adapted to the feedback output module, and the real-time update timestamp of the data is marked.

[0034] The preset dual-modal matching rule is to bind the echo intensity in the ultrasound image to the impedance value in the impedance data. For example, the ultrasound hyperechoic area (such as ligament) is matched with the high impedance value (500-1500Ω), and the ultrasound hypoechoic area (such as subcutaneous fat) is matched with the low impedance value (100-300Ω). Data calibration is completed by the feature overlap between the two. The preset anatomical structure recognition model is a lightweight CNN model trained on clinical lumbar spine tissue ultrasound and impedance samples, with built-in boundary feature templates for each tissue (such as the high echo and high impedance dual-layer features of the ligamentum flavum).

[0035] The dual-modal matching rule allows ultrasound and impedance data to be calibrated complementaryly, avoiding misjudgment of similar tissues (such as supraspinous / interspinous ligaments) by a single data source, thus improving data accuracy. The lightweight CNN anatomical structure recognition model can quickly parse the fused data, reducing computation time while ensuring recognition accuracy, and adapting to the real-time requirements of puncture operations. The combination of the two makes the tissue differentiation of the 3D model more accurate and the generation of navigation parameters more efficient, helping anesthesiologists to quickly grasp the puncture status.

[0036] The operation of the feedback output module includes the following: The system receives standardized data packets sent by the data fusion processing module and divides the touch screen into independent display areas: the left area renders the original 2D ultrasound image, the middle area displays the 3D stereoscopic anatomical model and highlights the needle tip position and target area, and the right area displays the navigation parameters in numerical form. Simultaneously, the distance between the needle tip and the target area in the navigation parameters is read, matched with the preset prompt tone rules, and an audio signal of the corresponding frequency is output through the buzzer.

[0037] When the distance between the needle tip and the target area is less than a preset threshold, a visual warning is triggered in the 3D model area of ​​the touch screen, and the buzzer switches to a continuous alert sound. After the puncture procedure is completed, the fusion data, navigation parameters, and image information of this puncture are automatically saved, and an operation log file is generated.

[0038] The system displays 2D ultrasound images, 3D anatomical models, and navigation parameters in separate zones, allowing anesthesiologists to simultaneously and intuitively view puncture details (2D images), overall anatomical relationships (3D models), and precise numerical values ​​(navigation parameters), avoiding information blind spots from a single perspective. Combined with the distance-to-target-area matching prompt rules, it achieves dual visual and auditory navigation, reducing the workload of doctors who frequently look down to check parameters. It also allows for real-time perception of puncture progress through sound, improving the smoothness and focus of the operation.

[0039] When the needle tip approaches the target area, it triggers a dual warning of visual flashing and continuous beeping, which can quickly remind doctors to slow down the needle insertion speed, avoid complications such as dural damage caused by excessive speed, and improve puncture safety.

[0040] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0041] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visualization-guided endoscopic spinal-epidural blockade system for anesthesia, characterized in that, include: Ultrasonic data acquisition module, electrical impedance data acquisition module, data fusion processing module, and feedback output module; The ultrasonic data acquisition module uses an ultra-fine array ultrasonic probe integrated into the puncture needle core to collect ultrasonic echo signals of the skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, vertebral body, intervertebral space, and epidural space tissues along the puncture path in real time, converts the signals into digital ultrasonic image data, and transmits them synchronously to the data fusion processing module. The impedance data acquisition module forms a closed loop with the reference electrode patch attached to the patient's limbs and the measuring electrode at the end of the puncture needle. The impedance analyzer collects the impedance values ​​of different tissues between the puncture needle tip and the reference electrode in real time, distinguishes the impedance differences of subcutaneous fat, ligament tissue, ligamentum flavum and epidural tissue, and transmits the collected impedance data to the data fusion processing module after digitization. The data fusion processing module is used to receive ultrasound image data output by the ultrasound data acquisition module and impedance data output by the electrical impedance data acquisition module. After fusion, it generates a 3D stereoscopic anatomical model and a 2D original ultrasound image, and calculates navigation parameters in real time, such as the distance from the skin to the epidural space, the current needle depth, the needle angle deviation, and the distance between the needle tip and the target area. The feedback output module is used to display the 3D stereoscopic anatomical model, 2D ultrasound raw image, and navigation parameters in sections on the touch screen; at the same time, it outputs different frequency prompts through a buzzer according to the needle tip position and the distance from the target area.

2. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal nerve block combined with endoscopic nerve block navigation puncture system for anesthesia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation of the ultrasonic data acquisition module includes the following: The center frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is set to 10-15MHz, the scanning mode is 360° circular scanning, the data sampling rate is ≥10 frames / second, and the ultrasonic probe and the puncture needle are coaxially assembled before puncture. During the puncture, the ultrasound probe emits continuous ultrasound signals and receives the reflected echo signals from different tissues along the puncture path, including the skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, vertebral body, intervertebral space, and epidural space. The signal reception range covers an area of ​​0.5-1 cm around the needle tip.

3. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal nerve block combined with endoscopic nerve block navigation puncture system for anesthesia according to claim 2, characterized in that: The received analog echo signal is converted into standardized digital ultrasound image data and transmitted synchronously to the data fusion processing module via a shielded coaxial cable. At the same time, the acquisition status information is fed back to the data fusion processing module.

4. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal-epidural block combined puncture system for anesthesia according to claim 3, characterized in that: The operation of the electrical impedance data acquisition module includes the following: Four reference electrode patches are attached to the clean skin surface of the patient's wrists and ankles respectively. The metal connector at the end of the puncture needle is used as the measuring electrode. A closed current loop is formed with the module's built-in safe current generating unit and impedance analyzer through the wire. After startup, the preset safe current parameters are 0.1-0.5mA and 1kHz low-frequency sinusoidal current. The impedance analyzer's acquisition accuracy is set to 0.1Ω and the acquisition frequency is 10 times / second to clarify the impedance threshold range of different tissues. During the puncture, the safety current generating unit continuously outputs a safety current with preset parameters, and the impedance analyzer collects the tissue impedance values ​​between the puncture needle tip and each reference electrode in real time, recording the impedance data collected each time and the corresponding puncture time point.

5. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal-epidural blockade system for anesthesia according to claim 4, characterized in that: The digitized impedance data is synchronously transmitted to the data fusion processing module. At the same time, based on the preset impedance threshold range, the tissue type where the needle tip is located is initially predicted, providing a preliminary reference for data fusion processing.

6. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal-epidural blockade system for anesthesia according to claim 5, characterized in that: The operation of the data fusion processing module includes the following: It receives digital ultrasound image data output from the ultrasound data acquisition module, impedance data output from the electrical impedance data acquisition module, and tissue prediction information. Based on the preset dual-modal matching rules, it correlates and calibrates the echo characteristics of the ultrasound image with the impedance data to generate a fused data sequence. The system calls a preset anatomical structure recognition model to parse the fused data sequence, distinguish the boundaries of skin, subcutaneous fat, and ligament tissue, and simultaneously calculate the straight-line distance from the skin to the epidural space and the current needle insertion depth parameters.

7. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal-epidural blockade system for anesthesia according to claim 6, characterized in that: Based on the parsed fused data sequence, a 3D stereoscopic anatomical model containing the puncture path and tissue distribution is constructed, while retaining the 2D cross-sectional image corresponding to the original ultrasound signal. Based on the real-time collected puncture needle displacement information, the spatial coordinates of the needle tip in the 3D model are updated, and the distance between the needle tip and the target area of ​​the epidural space, the needle insertion angle and the deviation value of the optimal path are calculated to form a real-time navigation parameter set.

8. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal-epidural blockade system for anesthesia according to claim 7, characterized in that: The generated 3D stereoscopic anatomical model, 2D ultrasound raw images, and navigation parameter set are converted into a standardized data package adapted to the feedback output module, and the real-time update timestamp of the data is marked.

9. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal nerve block combined with endoscopic nerve block navigation puncture system for anesthesia according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operation of the feedback output module includes the following: The system receives standardized data packets sent by the data fusion processing module and divides the touch screen into independent display areas: the left area renders the original 2D ultrasound image, the middle area displays the 3D stereoscopic anatomical model and highlights the needle tip position and target area, and the right area displays the navigation parameters in numerical form. Simultaneously, the distance between the needle tip and the target area in the navigation parameters is read, matched with the preset prompt tone rules, and an audio signal of the corresponding frequency is output through the buzzer.

10. The visualization-guided endoscopic spinal-epidural blockade system for anesthesia according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the distance between the needle tip and the target area is less than a preset threshold, a visual warning is triggered in the 3D model area of ​​the touch screen, and the buzzer switches to a continuous alert sound. After the puncture procedure is completed, the fusion data, navigation parameters, and image information of this puncture are automatically saved, and an operation log file is generated.

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