Laser cutting machine for metal machining

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of laser cutting, in particular to a laser cutting machine for metal machining. Comprising a clamp arranged on a workbench, and a laser cutting head driven by a multi-axis moving mechanism is arranged above the clamp; an internal expanding mechanism is arranged in the middle of the workbench and comprises two main frames adjustably connected with the workbench, the two main frames are connected with an auxiliary frame through self-locking sliding blocks, a rotary disc is arranged at the lower end of the auxiliary frame, two supporting plates are hinged to the upper end of the auxiliary frame, and the supporting plates apply force to the inner sides of acute angles during cutting. A fixed seat fixedly connected with the workbench is arranged above the main frame, the fixed seat is provided with an external shrinkage mechanism, the external shrinkage mechanism comprises a deflection frame with the upper end rotationally connected with the fixed seat, the lower end of the deflection frame is elastically connected with a pressing plate, and the pressing plate applies force to the outer side of the obtuse angle during cutting. When the device runs, the clamp clamps a workpiece, the supporting plate abuts against the inner side of the acute angle, and the deflection frame deflects to enable the pressing plate to abut against the outer side of the obtuse angle; the laser cutting head vertically cuts along the three sides of the workpiece, the supporting plate and the pressing plate exert abutting force on the workpiece, excessive deformation of the workpiece is prevented, and the device is suitable for cutting thin bent metal plates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting, and more specifically to a laser cutting machine for metal processing. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of automotive parts, consumer electronics, and precision instrument housings, there is a widespread type of thin metal sheet formed by two consecutive bending processes. These metal sheets are mostly made of ductile metals with good ductility, such as low-carbon steel, and are typically 0.5-2mm thick. After bending, they form three interconnected planes (defined as surface A, surface B, and surface C), where surface A and surface C are parallel, the inner side of surface A forms an acute angle with the inner side of surface B, and the inner side of surface B forms an obtuse angle with the inner side of surface C. Because these workpieces often need to meet complex assembly requirements, the requirements for edge precision and contour flatness are extremely high. Traditional stamping processes are difficult to adapt to customized production and are prone to producing burrs at the bending points; methods such as abrasive wheel cutting can damage the structural stability of thin sheet metal due to mechanical force, leading to bending angle deviations. Therefore, laser cutting, with its advantages of non-contact processing, high contour precision, and flexible adaptation to complex cutting paths, has become the preferred process for processing these thin bent sheet metal parts.

[0003] However, thin sheet metal parts with specific bending structures still face many limitations when using laser cutting due to their structural characteristics and material properties. Firstly, thick, unbent workpieces, due to their greater thickness and higher structural rigidity, are less prone to significant deformation even under high-temperature energy during laser cutting. In contrast, thin, bent sheet metal parts experience misalignment of internal metal grains due to plastic deformation during the bending process, resulting in substantial residual stress. These stresses are in a temporary equilibrium state when static. When laser cutting begins, the localized high temperature generated by the laser beam rapidly disrupts this stress equilibrium, causing deformation in stress concentration areas. At the acute angle bend formed by surfaces A and B, the higher degree of material compression during bending leads to a more significant stress concentration effect. Stress release after cutting causes this area to contract inward, further reducing the acute angle and potentially causing wrinkles or microcracks. At the obtuse angle bend formed by surfaces B and C, although the stress distribution is relatively dispersed, stress release after cutting still pushes this area outward, increasing the obtuse angle and directly affecting the dimensional accuracy and subsequent assembly compatibility of the workpiece.

[0004] Secondly, regarding batch processing, the acute-angle bending structure of this type of workpiece dictates that a one-time integral cutting method cannot be used. Because the acute angle formed between surface A and surface B is small, when laser cutting the edge of one surface, the laser beam, during its penetration of the thin sheet metal, will inevitably irradiate the back of the adjacent surface due to beam divergence and path deviation. The high energy density of the laser will create scorch marks in the irradiated area. These marks not only damage the surface finish of the workpiece, affecting its appearance quality, but also alter the local metallographic structure, leading to increased hardness and decreased toughness in the scorched area, making the workpiece prone to breakage in that area during subsequent use. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a laser cutting machine for metal processing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a laser cutting machine for metal processing to address the existing technical problems.

[0006] To solve the problems of the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A laser cutting machine for metal processing includes:

[0008] A fixture is set on the worktable, and a multi-axis moving mechanism is set above the fixture. The output end of the multi-axis moving mechanism is fixedly connected to the laser cutting head.

[0009] The middle of the worktable is equipped with an internal expansion mechanism that supports the acute angle of the workpiece. The internal support mechanism includes two main frames that are adjustablely connected to the worktable. Each main frame has a sub-frame connected to its opposite side via a self-locking slider. Each sub-frame has a turntable rotatably connected to its lower end and two support plates rotatably connected to its upper end. The two support plates are coaxially hinged at their closest ends. During laser cutting, the two support plates apply a force to the inside of the acute angle of the workpiece.

[0010] A fixed seat is fixedly connected to the upper end of the worktable. The fixed seat is located above the two main frames. The fixed seat is equipped with an external retraction mechanism that applies external pressure to the obtuse angle of the workpiece. The external retraction mechanism includes a deflection frame whose upper end is rotatably connected to the fixed seat. A pressure plate is elastically connected to the lower end of the deflection frame. The pressure plate applies force to the outer side of the obtuse angle of the workpiece during the laser cutting process.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-axis moving mechanism includes a three-axis moving mechanism mounted above the worktable, with an electrically driven turntable fixedly connected to the output end of the three-axis moving mechanism, and the turntable fixedly connected to the laser cutting head.

[0012] Furthermore, a ceramic baffle plate is fixed to the upper end of the subframe.

[0013] Furthermore, the internal expansion mechanism also includes a first gear fixedly connected to the turntable along the same axis. The first gear is rotatably connected to the sub-frame. A second gear rotatably connected to the sub-frame is provided on the side of the first gear, and the second gear meshes with the first gear.

[0014] A lead screw slide is provided on the side of the second gear. A buckle plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the lead screw slide. The second gear is connected to the input end of the lead screw slide through a bevel gear assembly.

[0015] The lead screw slide table has a limiting platform fixed to the sub-frame on the side near the sub-frame. The limiting platform is elastically connected to a slide block by a spring. The end of the slide block near the support plate abuts against the buckle plate.

[0016] Furthermore, a first rack is fixedly connected to the end of the slide away from the limiting platform, and a third gear is provided on the side of the first rack that is rotatably connected to the sub-frame. The first rack meshes with the third gear, and a fourth gear is rotatably connected to the side of the sub-frame away from the third gear. The fourth gear is fixedly connected to the third gear on the same axis.

[0017] Two support plates are fixedly connected to arc-shaped racks. The two arc-shaped racks have different shapes. One arc-shaped rack meshes externally with the fourth gear, and the other arc-shaped rack meshes internally with the fourth gear. When the fourth gear rotates, it drives the two arc-shaped racks to move in opposite directions.

[0018] Furthermore, each arc-shaped rack has an arc-shaped groove formed on it, and a pin that slides through the arc-shaped groove is fixed to the side of the subframe near the arc-shaped rack.

[0019] Furthermore, the two support plates have toothed grooves arranged in an equally spaced array on their opposite sides.

[0020] Furthermore, the retraction mechanism also includes a second rack that is slidably connected to the sub-frame. The second rack meshes with the first gear, and a secondary gear is rotatably connected to the lower end of the fixed seat. When the slider drives the sub-frame to move upward to the limit position, the secondary gear meshes with the second rack.

[0021] The auxiliary gear is coaxially fixed to the first pulley, and a second pulley is rotatably connected to the fixed seat above the first pulley. The second pulley and the first pulley are connected by a steel belt drive. The third pulley is fixed to the upper end of the deflection frame, and the third pulley and the second pulley are connected by a steel belt drive.

[0022] Furthermore, the secondary gear is rotatably connected to the lower end of the fixed seat via a torsion spring.

[0023] Furthermore, the diameter of the first pulley is larger than the diameter of the second pulley, and the diameter of the second pulley is the same as the diameter of the third pulley.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0025] Firstly, this device applies force to the inside of the acute angle of the workpiece through the support plate of the inner expansion mechanism and the pressure plate of the outer contraction mechanism, which applies force to the outside of the obtuse angle. This can balance the residual stress inside the metal during laser cutting. During laser cutting, the support plate can suppress the inward contraction caused by stress release at the acute angle, and the pressure plate can limit the outward expansion at the obtuse angle. This avoids the acute angle of the workpiece decreasing and the obtuse angle increasing after cutting, effectively preventing the formation of wrinkles or cracks in the plate and ensuring that the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece meets the assembly requirements.

[0026] Secondly, this device uses a ceramic barrier plate to block excess laser light at sharp angles, preventing the beam from irradiating the back of adjacent surfaces and causing burn marks. At the same time, the support plate not only expands the inside of the workpiece but also blocks the laser light that penetrates the workpiece, preventing the beam from reflecting and damaging other areas of the workpiece. This maintains the surface smoothness of the workpiece, prevents changes in the metallographic structure of the burned area, avoids local hardness increases and toughness decreases, and ensures that the workpiece is not easily broken during subsequent use. This solves the problems of surface quality and structural stability in laser cutting. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram from another angle of the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the laser cutting head and support plate in the embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support plate and pressure plate in the embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 7 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the support plate and pressure plate in the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of the structure at point C.

[0035] The numbers on the map are:

[0036] 1. Fixture; 2. Laser cutting head; 3. Main frame; 4. Slider; 5. Sub-frame; 6. Barrier plate; 7. Turntable; 8. First gear; 9. Second gear; 10. Bevel gear assembly; 11. Lead screw slide; 12. Buckle plate; 13. Limiting platform; 14. Slide seat; 15. First rack; 16. Third gear; 17. Fourth gear; 18. Support plate; 19. Arc rack; 20. Arc groove; 21. Tooth groove; 22. Fixed seat; 23. Second rack; 24. Secondary gear; 25. First pulley; 26. Second pulley; 27. Third pulley; 28. Deflection frame; 29. ​​Pressure plate; 30. Multi-axis moving mechanism; 31. Three-axis moving mechanism; 32. Turntable. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] refer to Figures 1 to 8 A laser cutting machine for metal processing, comprising:

[0039] A fixture 1 is set on the workbench, and a multi-axis moving mechanism 30 is set above the fixture 1. A laser cutting head 2 is fixedly connected to the output end of the multi-axis moving mechanism 30.

[0040] The middle of the worktable is provided with an internal expansion mechanism that supports the acute angle of the workpiece. The internal support mechanism includes two main frames 3 that are adjustablely connected to the worktable. Each main frame 3 has a secondary frame 5 connected to its opposite side via a self-locking slider 4. Each secondary frame 5 has a turntable 7 rotatably connected to its lower end and two support plates 18 rotatably connected to its upper end. The two support plates 18 are coaxially hinged at their closest ends. During the laser cutting process, the two support plates 18 apply a force from the inside to the outside to the inside of the acute angle of the workpiece.

[0041] The upper end of the workbench is provided with a fixed seat 22, which is located above the two main frames 3. The fixed seat 22 is provided with an external retraction mechanism that applies external pressure to the obtuse angle of the plate. The external retraction mechanism includes a deflection frame 28 whose upper end is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 22. The lower end of the deflection frame 28 is elastically connected to a pressure plate 29. During the laser cutting process, the pressure plate 29 applies a force from the outside to the inside to the outside of the obtuse angle of the workpiece.

[0042] When the device is running, after the clamp 1 clamps the workpiece, the operator pushes the slider 4 to move upward along the main frame 3. When the slider 4 moves, it drives the sub-frame 5 to move. When the sub-frame 5 moves to the limit position, the operator rotates the turntable 7. At this time, the turntable 7 will drive the two support plates 18 to deflect in opposite directions until the two support plates 18 elastically abut against the inner sides of the two sides of the acute angle of the workpiece. At this time, the two support plates 18 will apply a force to the inner side of the acute angle of the workpiece during the laser cutting process (two support plates 18 are hinged to the upper end of each sub-frame 5, and there are four support plates 18 in total at the upper end of the two sub-frames 5. The two adjacent sides of the workpiece are abutted by two support plates 18 respectively. In order to maintain synchronization, the two support plates 18 that abut against the same side of the workpiece are fixedly connected by bolts).

[0043] When the turntable 7 rotates, it will also drive the outer retraction mechanism to start. After the outer retraction mechanism starts, it will drive the deflection frame 28 to deflect along its upper end until the pressure plate 29 is elastically fastened to the outside of the obtuse angle of the workpiece. The pressure plate 29 applies force to the outside of the obtuse angle of the workpiece during the laser cutting process.

[0044] Subsequently, the laser cutting head 2 is started. Under the action of the multi-axis moving mechanism 30, the laser cutting head 2 cuts along the three sides of the workpiece. During this process, the multi-axis moving laser ensures that the output end of the laser cutting head 2 is perpendicular to the three sides of the workpiece, thereby improving the cutting efficiency. During this process, the support plate 18 and the pressure plate 29 apply a clamping force to the cut point of the workpiece to prevent excessive deformation of the workpiece's bending point after cutting.

[0045] To further refine the specific structure of the multi-axis moving mechanism 30 and ensure that the laser cutting head 2 can cut perpendicularly along each face of the workpiece, the following features are also provided:

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the multi-axis moving mechanism 30 includes a three-axis moving mechanism 31 disposed above the worktable. The output end of the three-axis moving mechanism 31 is fixedly connected to an electrically driven turntable 32, and the turntable 32 is fixedly connected to the laser cutting head 2.

[0047] The three-axis moving mechanism 31 enables the laser cutting head 2 to move linearly in the X, Y, and Z directions, meeting the cutting requirements of different workpiece positions. The electrically driven turntable 32 can drive the laser cutting head 2 to rotate around an axis perpendicular to the worktable. Combined with the displacement adjustment of the three-axis moving mechanism 31, the output end of the laser cutting head 2 can be precisely controlled to always remain perpendicular to the cutting edges of the workpiece's A, B, and C surfaces, further improving the accuracy of the cutting contour and adapting to the processing scenarios of thin, bent sheet metal with multiple planes.

[0048] To block laser beams at sharp corners and prevent them from penetrating one layer of the workpiece and directly contacting the inner side of another layer, the following features are specifically designed:

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, a ceramic baffle plate 6 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sub-frame 5. The ceramic baffle plate 6 is fixed between the two support plates 18, and its position corresponds to the connection area of ​​surface A and surface B at the acute angle of the workpiece.

[0050] When the laser cutting head 2 processes the edge near the acute angle, the barrier plate 6 can block the excess energy generated by the divergence of the laser beam, prevent the beam from shining on the back of the adjacent surface, thereby preventing the formation of burn marks and protecting the surface finish of the workpiece and the stability of the metallographic structure.

[0051] In order to constrain the support plate 18 and prevent it from releasing prematurely before contacting the inner side of the workpiece, the following features are specifically provided:

[0052] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the inner expansion mechanism also includes a first gear 8 fixedly connected to the turntable 7 along the same axis. The first gear 8 is rotatably connected to the sub-frame 5. A second gear 9 rotatably connected to the sub-frame 5 is provided on the side of the first gear 8. The second gear 9 meshes with the first gear 8.

[0053] A lead screw slide 11 is provided on the side of the second gear 9. A buckle plate 12 is fixedly connected to the output end of the lead screw slide 11. The second gear 9 is connected to the input end of the lead screw slide 11 through the bevel gear group 10.

[0054] The lead screw slide 11 is provided with a limiting platform 13 fixed to the sub-frame 5 on the side near the sub-frame 5. The limiting platform 13 is elastically connected to the slide seat 14 by a spring. The end of the slide seat 14 near the support plate 18 abuts against the buckle plate 12.

[0055] When the turntable 7 rotates, it synchronously drives the first gear 8 to rotate. The first gear 8 meshes with the second gear 9, and then transmits power to the lead screw slide 11 through the bevel gear set 10, causing the output end of the lead screw slide 11 to drive the buckle plate 12 to move. In the initial state, the buckle plate 12 abuts against the slide 14, restricting the movement of the slide 14. When the buckle plate 12 moves away with the lead screw slide 11, the slide 14 moves towards the support plate 18 under the elastic force of the spring, providing the trigger condition for the deflection action of the support plate 18, ensuring that the support plate 18 only contacts the inner side of the workpiece when needed.

[0056] In order to enable the two support plates 18 to deflect along the hinge point when the slide 14 moves under the action of the spring, and ultimately achieve the abutment of the support plates 18 against the inner wall of the workpiece, the following features are also provided:

[0057] like Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, a first rack 15 is fixedly connected to one end of the slide block 14 away from the limiting platform 13. A third gear 16 is provided on the side of the first rack 15 and is rotatably connected to the sub-frame 5. The first rack 15 meshes with the third gear 16. A fourth gear 17 is rotatably connected to the side of the sub-frame 5 away from the third gear 16. The fourth gear 17 is coaxially fixedly connected to the third gear 16.

[0058] Two support plates 18 are respectively fixed with arc-shaped racks 19. The two arc-shaped racks 19 have different shapes. One arc-shaped rack 19 meshes externally with the fourth gear 17, and the other arc-shaped rack 19 meshes internally with the fourth gear 17. When the fourth gear 17 rotates, it drives the two arc-shaped racks 19 to move in opposite directions.

[0059] When the slide block 14 moves, it will drive the first rack 15 to move synchronously. The first rack 15 drives the fourth gear 17 to rotate through the third gear 16. Since the arc-shaped racks 19 of the two support plates 18 are respectively externally and internally meshed with the fourth gear 17, when the fourth gear 17 rotates, it will drive the two arc-shaped racks 19 to move in opposite directions, thereby driving the two hinged support plates 18 to deflect around the hinge point, and finally achieving elastic contact between the support plates 18 and the inner side of the acute angle of the workpiece.

[0060] In order to limit the movement of the arc-shaped rack 19, the following features are also provided:

[0061] like Figure 8 As shown, each arc-shaped rack 19 has an arc-shaped groove 20 formed on it, and the side of the subframe 5 near the arc-shaped rack 19 is fixed with a pin that is slidably connected to the arc-shaped groove 20.

[0062] As the arc-shaped rack 19 moves with the rotation of the fourth gear 17, the pin slides along the trajectory of the arc-shaped groove 20, limiting the direction and range of movement of the arc-shaped rack 19, preventing the arc-shaped rack 19 from deviating or moving excessively, ensuring that the deflection angle of the two support plates 18 is precisely matched with the inner angle of the acute angle of the workpiece, and improving the stability of the clamping effect.

[0063] In order to block the laser beam passing through the workpiece, the following features are specifically designed:

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, the two support plates 18 have toothed grooves 21 arranged in an equally spaced array on their opposite sides.

[0065] After the laser beam penetrates the thin plate, the excess beam will be blocked by the toothed groove 21 of the support plate 18, preventing the beam from being reflected to other areas of the workpiece or the worktable; at the same time, the toothed groove 21 can increase the friction between the support plate 18 and the inner side of the workpiece, preventing the support plate 18 from slipping during the clamping process, and further ensuring the stability of the force applied to the sharp corner of the workpiece.

[0066] To provide detailed information about the specific structure of the external shrinking mechanism and to ensure that the deflection frame 28 can drive the pressure plate 29 to press against the outside of the workpiece when the turntable 7 rotates, the following features are also provided:

[0067] like Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the retracting mechanism also includes a second rack 23 that is slidably connected to the sub-frame 5. The second rack 23 meshes with the first gear 8. The lower end of the fixed seat 22 is rotatably connected to a secondary gear 24. When the slider 4 drives the sub-frame 5 to move upward to the limit position, the secondary gear 24 meshes with the second rack 23.

[0068] The auxiliary gear 24 is coaxially fixed to the first pulley 25. Above the first pulley 25 is a second pulley 26 that is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 22. The second pulley 26 and the first pulley 25 are connected by a steel belt drive. The third pulley 27 is fixed to the upper end of the deflection frame 28. The third pulley 27 and the second pulley 26 are connected by a steel belt drive.

[0069] When the first gear 8 rotates, it drives the second rack 23, which meshes with it, to slide along the sub-frame 5. When the sub-frame 5 moves upward to its limit position with the self-locking slider 4, the second rack 23 moves and meshes with the secondary gear 24 on the fixed seat 22. The rotation of the secondary gear 24 drives the first pulley 25 on the same axis to rotate. The first pulley 25 drives the third pulley 27 to rotate through the second pulley 26. The third pulley 27 is fixedly connected to the deflection frame 28, which ultimately drives the deflection frame 28 to deflect around the connection point between its upper end and the fixed seat 22, causing the pressure plate 29 to move closer to and fit against the outside of the obtuse angle of the workpiece.

[0070] To ensure that the deflector 28 can be flipped upwards before the second rack 23 engages with the secondary gear 24, so as to facilitate the positioning of the workpiece and the fixture 1, the following features are specifically provided:

[0071] The secondary gear 24 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the fixed seat 22 via a torsion spring.

[0072] Before the second rack 23 engages with the secondary gear 24, the torsion spring is in a pre-tensioned state, which will drive the secondary gear 24 to rotate in a specific direction, and then cause the deflection frame 28 to flip upward through the transmission mechanism, maintaining a large angle with the worktable, leaving enough space for the placement of the workpiece and the clamping operation of the fixture 1, so as to facilitate the rapid positioning of the workpiece.

[0073] To increase the range of motion of the third pulley 27 and prevent the deflector 28 from failing to drive the pressure plate 29 to clamp the workpiece due to insufficient stroke, the following features are specifically provided:

[0074] The diameter of the first pulley 25 is larger than that of the second pulley 26, and the diameter of the second pulley 26 is the same as that of the third pulley 27. Because the first pulley 25 has a larger diameter than the second pulley 26, according to the principle of pulley transmission, when the first pulley 25 rotates once, the second pulley 26 will rotate multiple times, thus amplifying the rotational speed. Since the second pulley 26 and the third pulley 27 have the same diameter, the amplified rotational speed can be proportionally transmitted to the third pulley 27, increasing the deflection amplitude of the deflection bracket 28 driven by the third pulley 27. This ensures that the pressure plate 29 can be sufficiently close to the outer side of the obtuse angle of the workpiece, achieving effective clamping even if there are slight differences in the bending angle of the workpiece.

[0075] The detailed working principle of this device is as follows:

[0076] First, the operator places the thin, bent metal sheet to be processed (the metal sheet has A, B, and C sides, with A and C sides parallel, the angle between A and B sides being acute, and the angle between B and C sides being obtuse) on the worktable and clamps the workpiece in place using fixture 1 to ensure that the workpiece does not shift laterally during processing.

[0077] The operator then controls the self-locking slider 4 to move the sub-frame 5 upward along the main frame 3 until the sub-frame 5 reaches the limit position corresponding to the acute angle position of the workpiece. The operator then rotates turntable 7, which in turn drives the first gear 8 on the same axis to rotate. The first gear 8 meshes with the second gear 9, which in turn drives the lead screw slide 11 through the bevel gear group 10. This causes the latch plate 12 at the output end of the lead screw slide 11 to move away from the slide block 14, releasing the limit on the slide block 14. Under the action of the spring force, the slide block 14 moves towards the support plate 18, causing the first rack 15 to move synchronously. The first rack 15 meshes with the third gear 16, causing the third gear 16 to rotate. The fourth gear 17 rotates synchronously with the third gear 16. Because the arc-shaped racks 19 of the two support plates 18 mesh externally and internally with the fourth gear 17, the fourth gear 17 drives the arc-shaped racks 19 to move in the opposite direction. Finally, the two hinged support plates 18 deflect along the hinge point until they elastically abut against the inner side of the acute angle of the workpiece, forming a continuous internal support force.

[0078] At the same time, when the turntable 7 drives the first gear 8 to rotate, it will also drive the second rack 23, which meshes with it, to slide along the sub-frame 5. When the sub-frame 5 is in the extreme position, the second rack 23 just meshes with the secondary gear 24 on the fixed seat 22 (in the initial state, the secondary gear 24 causes the deflection frame 28 to flip upward under the action of the torsion spring, which facilitates the positioning of the workpiece). The rotation of the secondary gear 24 drives the first pulley 25 on the same axis to rotate. The first pulley 25 transmits power to the second pulley 26 with a smaller diameter through the steel belt (to realize the speed amplification). The second pulley 26 then drives the third pulley 27 to rotate through the steel belt. The third pulley 27 drives the deflection frame 28 to deflect downward around its connection point with the fixed seat 22, so that the pressure plate 29 at the lower end of the deflection frame 28 gradually approaches the outside of the obtuse angle of the workpiece, and finally elastically fastens to the outside of the obtuse angle, forming a continuous external pressure.

[0079] After the workpiece is positioned, the three-axis moving mechanism 31 moves the laser cutting head 2 in the X, Y, and Z directions, while the electrically driven turntable 32 rotates the laser cutting head 2, ensuring that the output end of the laser cutting head 2 remains perpendicular to the edges to be cut on surfaces A, B, and C of the workpiece. During the cutting process, the ceramic barrier plate 6 blocks the laser beam divergence at sharp angles to prevent burning of adjacent surfaces; the toothed groove 21 of the support plate 18 blocks excess laser light penetrating the workpiece to prevent beam reflection damage. At the same time, the internal support force of the support plate 18 and the external pressure of the pressure plate 29 work continuously to balance the stress release caused by the high temperature of the laser, preventing sharp angle contraction and obtuse angle expansion, and preventing excessive deformation or cracks in the workpiece.

[0080] After the laser cutting head 2 completes all cutting paths along the three sides of the workpiece, the laser cutting head 2 and the multi-axis moving mechanism 30 are turned off in sequence, and the turntable 7 is rotated in the opposite direction so that the support plate 18 of the inner expansion mechanism is disengaged from the inside of the acute angle of the workpiece, and the pressure plate 29 of the outer contraction mechanism is disengaged from the outside of the obtuse angle of the workpiece; the self-locking slider 4 is controlled to drive the sub-frame 5 to move down and reset along the main frame 3, the clamp 1 is released, the processed workpiece is taken out, and the entire processing process ends.

[0081] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A laser cutting machine for metal processing, characterized in that, include: A fixture (1) is set on the workbench, and a multi-axis moving mechanism (30) is set above the fixture (1). A laser cutting head (2) is fixedly connected to the output end of the multi-axis moving mechanism (30). The workbench is equipped with an internal expansion mechanism that supports the acute angle of the workpiece. The internal support mechanism includes two main frames (3) set on the upper part of the workbench. Each main frame (3) is connected to a sub-frame (5) on the opposite side by a self-locking slider (4). Each sub-frame (5) is rotatably connected to a turntable (7) at the lower end and rotatably connected to two support plates (18) at the upper end. The two support plates (18) are coaxially hinged at the close end. The two support plates (18) apply force to the inside of the acute angle of the workpiece during laser cutting. The upper end of the workbench is provided with a fixed seat (22), and the fixed seat (22) is provided with an external retraction mechanism that applies external pressure to the obtuse angle of the plate. The external retraction mechanism includes a deflection frame (28) whose upper end is rotatably connected to the fixed seat (22), and a pressure plate (29) is elastically connected to the lower end of the deflection frame (28). The pressure plate (29) applies force to the outer side of the obtuse angle of the workpiece during the laser cutting process.

2. The laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-axis moving mechanism (30) includes a three-axis moving mechanism (31) set above the worktable. The output end of the three-axis moving mechanism (31) is fixedly connected to an electrically driven turntable (32), and the turntable (32) is fixedly connected to the laser cutting head (2).

3. A laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, A ceramic barrier plate (6) is fixed to the upper end of the subframe (5).

4. A laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal expansion mechanism also includes a first gear (8) fixedly connected to the turntable (7) on the same axis. The first gear (8) is rotatably connected to the sub-frame (5). A second gear (9) is rotatably connected to the sub-frame (5) on the side of the first gear (8). The second gear (9) meshes with the first gear (8). A lead screw slide (11) is provided on the side of the second gear (9). A buckle plate (12) is fixedly connected to the output end of the lead screw slide (11). The second gear (9) is connected to the input end of the lead screw slide (11) through the bevel gear group (10). The screw slide (11) is provided with a limiting platform (13) fixed to the sub-frame (5) on the side near the sub-frame (5). The limiting platform (13) is elastically connected to the slide seat (14) by a spring. The end of the slide seat (14) near the support plate (18) abuts against the buckle plate (12).

5. A laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first rack (15) is fixedly connected to one end of the slide (14) away from the limiting platform (13). A third gear (16) is provided on the side of the first rack (15) and is rotatably connected to the sub-frame (5). The first rack (15) meshes with the third gear (16). A fourth gear (17) is rotatably connected to the side of the sub-frame (5) away from the third gear (16). The fourth gear (17) is fixedly connected to the third gear (16) on the same axis. Two support plates (18) are respectively fixed with arc-shaped racks (19). The two arc-shaped racks (19) have different shapes. One arc-shaped rack (19) meshes externally with the fourth gear (17), and the other arc-shaped rack (19) meshes internally with the fourth gear (17). When the fourth gear (17) rotates, it drives the two arc-shaped racks (19) to move in opposite directions.

6. A laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each arc-shaped rack (19) has an arc-shaped groove (20) formed on it, and the side of the subframe (5) near the arc-shaped rack (19) is fixed with a pin that slides through the arc-shaped groove (20).

7. A laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The two support plates (18) have toothed grooves (21) arranged in an equally spaced array on their opposite sides.

8. A laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The retraction mechanism also includes a second rack (23) that is slidably connected to the subframe (5). The second rack (23) meshes with the first gear (8). The lower end of the fixed seat (22) is rotatably connected to a secondary gear (24). When the slider (4) drives the subframe (5) to move upward to the limit position, the secondary gear (24) meshes with the second rack (23). The first pulley (25) is fixedly connected to the auxiliary gear (24) on the same axis. A second pulley (26) is provided above the first pulley (25) and is rotatably connected to the fixed seat (22). The second pulley (26) is connected to the first pulley (25) by steel belt drive. The third pulley (27) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the deflection frame (28). The third pulley (27) is connected to the second pulley (26) by steel belt drive.

9. A laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The secondary gear (24) is rotatably connected to the lower end of the fixed seat (22) via a torsion spring.

10. A laser cutting machine for metal processing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The diameter of the first pulley (25) is greater than the diameter of the second pulley (26), and the diameter of the second pulley (26) is the same as the diameter of the third pulley (27).

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