Fireproof, heat-insulating and explosion-proof composite fabric, preparation method and protective bag

Abstract

The invention discloses a fireproof heat-insulation explosion-proof composite fabric, a preparation method and a protective bag, and relates to the technical field of protective materials.The fabric sequentially comprises a fireproof layer, a heat-insulation layer and an explosion-proof layer from inside to outside, and the layers are compounded through a modified phenolic resin binder; the inner layer of the fireproof layer is coated with a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating, and the automatic fire extinguishing function is achieved. The fireproof layer is formed by compounding pre-oxidized fibers and aramid fibers 1414; the heat insulation layer is formed by compounding pre-oxidized fiber and basalt fiber; and the explosion-proof layer is made of high-strength flame-retardant nylon oxford The modified phenolic resin is prepared by introducing benzoxazine, phosphate and other heat-resistant groups and adding nano silicon dioxide, and has excellent cohesiveness, flame retardance and heat insulation property. Through the design of a multi-layer functional gradient structure, the fabric forms a fire extinguishing-flame retarding-heat insulation-explosion prevention synergistic protection system, has the characteristics of high oxygen index, low heat conductivity coefficient, high breaking strength, light weight and good flexibility, and can be widely applied to the fields of fire fighting, aviation, lithium battery protection and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of protective materials technology, and in particular to a fireproof, heat-insulating and explosion-proof composite fabric, its preparation method and protective bag, which is used for fireproof, heat-insulating and explosion-proof equipment for flammable and explosive materials, and can achieve multiple protections such as high-temperature automatic fire extinguishing, flame retardancy, heat insulation and explosion prevention. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of fields such as fire emergency rescue, aerospace, and new energy battery protection, the demand for high-performance fireproof and heat-insulating materials is becoming increasingly urgent. Especially in extreme scenarios such as lithium battery thermal runaway and aviation fires, protective materials must simultaneously possess excellent flame-retardant properties, efficient heat insulation capabilities, sufficient mechanical strength, and lightweight and flexible characteristics to ensure personnel safety and equipment stability.

[0003] Currently available fire-retardant fabrics mainly include fiberglass composite fabrics, aramid fabrics, and pure pre-oxidized fiber needle-punched felt. While fiberglass composite fabrics offer some high-temperature resistance, they suffer from a rough and stiff feel, poor flexibility, and are prone to creases after folding. Furthermore, fiberglass fibers are easily shed, causing itching and stinging upon skin contact, and long-term use may irritate the respiratory tract. Additionally, their tear resistance and abrasion resistance are poor, making them easily damaged by impacts with sharp objects or frequent friction, thus failing to meet high-strength protection requirements. Aramid fabrics, while possessing excellent flame-retardant properties, are expensive, and their heat insulation effect is limited when used alone. Pure pre-oxidized fiber needle-punched felt, while having a high oxygen index and good flame retardancy, suffers from insufficient mechanical strength, poor dimensional stability, and is easily deformed and damaged. It also lacks an explosion-proof layer design, making it unable to effectively resist explosive impacts.

[0004] Furthermore, existing composite fabrics mostly employ simple layered structures, with each layer having a single function and lacking a synergistic protective mechanism. The adhesive layer typically only serves a connecting function and does not possess flame-retardant or heat-insulating properties, making it difficult to further improve the overall protective performance. At the same time, traditional adhesives have poor heat resistance and are prone to failure at high temperatures, affecting the fabric's service life and reliability.

[0005] Therefore, developing a multifunctional composite fabric that combines high flame retardancy, high thermal insulation, high strength, lightweight and good flexibility, and achieving interlayer synergistic protection has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric, its preparation method, and a protective bag, aiming to solve the problems of existing fireproof fabrics, such as the difficulty in simultaneously achieving flame retardancy, heat insulation, and mechanical properties, and the lack of synergistic protection due to the single function of interlayers.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, according to one aspect of this application, embodiments of the present invention provide a fire-resistant, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric, a preparation method, and a protective bag, comprising:

[0008] The fireproof layer, heat insulation layer, and explosion-proof layer are arranged sequentially from the inside out.

[0009] The inner surface of the fireproof layer is coated with a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating.

[0010] An adhesive layer is provided between the fireproof layer and the heat insulation layer, and between the heat insulation layer and the explosion-proof layer;

[0011] The fireproof layer is made of raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: 85-95 parts pre-oxidized yarn and 5-15 parts aramid 1414;

[0012] The insulation layer is made of raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: 80-90 parts pre-oxidized fiber and 10-20 parts basalt fiber;

[0013] The explosion-proof layer is made of high-strength flame-retardant nylon Oxford cloth;

[0014] The adhesive layer is a modified phenolic resin adhesive.

[0015] Furthermore,

[0016] The areal density of the fireproof layer is 260–280 g / m³. 2 The thickness is 1.5–2.0 mm; the coating amount of perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating is 50-80 g / m². 2 The dry film thickness is 0.05-0.1 mm;

[0017] The areal density of the insulation layer is 170–220 g / m³. 2 The thickness is 0.8–1.2 mm;

[0018] The areal density of the explosion-proof layer is 200–220 g / m³. 2 Thickness is 0.4–0.6 mm, strength ≥2000 N;

[0019] The thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1–0.3 mm.

[0020] Furthermore,

[0021] The modified phenolic resin was prepared by the following method:

[0022] Step 1: React 2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one with 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoic acid in the presence of a catalyst to prepare intermediate 1;

[0023] Step 2: Intermediate 1 is reacted with 2-hydroxyphenyl glycidyl ether in the presence of a catalyst to obtain intermediate 2;

[0024] Step 3: React intermediate 2 with phosphoric acid to obtain modified phenol;

[0025] Step 4: The modified phenol, phenol and formaldehyde are reacted under alkaline conditions to obtain a phenolic prepolymer;

[0026] Step 5: The phenolic prepolymer is subjected to a hydrolysis-condensation reaction with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and fumed silica to obtain modified phenolic resin.

[0027] Furthermore,

[0028] In step 1, the molar ratio of 2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, potassium hydroxide, and 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoic acid is 1.2:0.05:0.9:1.0, the reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 4-7h.

[0029] In step 2, the molar ratio of intermediate 1, chromium acetate and 2-hydroxyphenyl glycidyl ether is 1:0.02:1.2, the reaction temperature is 80–100℃, and the reaction time is 7–10 h.

[0030] In step 3, the molar ratio of intermediate 2 to phosphoric acid is 1:2.0, the reaction temperature is 65-85℃, and the reaction time is 6-10h.

[0031] In step 4, the molar ratio of the modified phenol to the formaldehyde is 0.08:1.0:1.2, the reaction pH is 7.5-8.5, the temperature is 65-100℃, and the time is 1-3 hours.

[0032] In step 5, the amount of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane added is 0.1 based on phenol, the amount of fumed silica added is 2-5% of the total mass of the system, the reaction pH is 7.5-8.5, the temperature is 65-100℃, and the time is 0.5-1.5h.

[0033] Furthermore,

[0034] The perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating is a composite coating of perfluorohexanone and fluorocarbon resin film-forming agent. The amount of fluorocarbon resin film-forming agent added is 10-15% of the mass of perfluorohexanone. The coating can quickly release perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent to achieve automatic fire extinguishing when the temperature is ≥180℃.

[0035] A method for preparing a fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric includes the following steps:

[0036] Step 1, prepare perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating and coat it on the inside of the fireproof layer: mix perfluorohexanone with fluorocarbon resin film-forming agent and stir evenly, coat it on the inside surface of the fireproof layer by roller coating, and dry it at 80-100℃ for 10-15 min to obtain a fireproof layer coated with fire extinguishing coating.

[0037] Step 2: Mix and disperse the modified phenolic resin binder with nano aerogel and polysiloxane dispersant evenly, and apply it to the outer side of the fireproof layer, the upper and lower surfaces of the heat insulation layer, and the inner side of the explosion-proof layer after the fire extinguishing coating has been applied by scraping. Adjust the scraper spacing and coating speed to control the dry film thickness to 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0038] Step 3: Stack the layers in the order of fireproof layer, heat insulation layer, and explosion-proof layer, and then laminate them through a pressing process. The pressing temperature is 155℃, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, the holding time is 15s, and the composite fabric is obtained after curing at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0039] Application of a fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric in the preparation of fire-fighting, aviation, or lithium battery protective equipment.

[0040] A fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof protective bag is made of the aforementioned fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric, with the perfluorohexanone fire-extinguishing coating of the fabric facing the inside of the protective bag.

[0041] Furthermore,

[0042] The protective bag has a high-temperature resistant magnetic sealing structure at the opening and the cap, which is used to achieve a self-reinforcing seal when the internal pressure increases; the side of the bag body has a flame-retardant Velcro, and the outside of the cap has an emergency pull ring.

[0043] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0044] The newly added high-temperature automatic fire extinguishing function allows the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating on the inner side of the fireproof layer to rapidly release the fire extinguishing agent at ≥180℃, which can quickly suppress open flames in the early stage of a fire. It is especially suitable for the initial prevention and control of small fire sources such as lithium battery thermal runaway, making up for the shortcomings of traditional protective fabrics that only provide passive protection. Perfluorohexanone is environmentally friendly and leaves no residue, has high fire extinguishing efficiency, and does not affect other properties of the fabric.

[0045] The adhesive layer is replaced with nano-aerogel, which retains the original high porosity (≥85%) and low thermal conductivity (≤0.02W / (m·K)) characteristics, further improving the thermal insulation performance of the adhesive layer and forming a double thermal insulation barrier with the thermal insulation layer, effectively reducing heat conduction.

[0046] It forms a four-level synergistic protection system of "fire extinguishing - flame retardant - heat insulation - explosion protection". The perfluorohexanone coating achieves initial fire extinguishing, the fireproof layer (pre-oxidized fiber + aramid 1414) has an oxygen index of over 46% to achieve efficient flame retardancy, the heat insulation layer (pre-oxidized fiber + basalt fiber) has a temperature resistance limit of over 650℃ to block high temperature, and the explosion protection layer (high-strength flame-retardant nylon Oxford cloth) has a tensile strength of >2200N to resist the impact of explosion. The functions of each layer are complementary and superimposed.

[0047] Maintaining the lightweight and flexibility of the fabric, with an overall surface density of 680-720g / m² and a thickness of 2.8-4.1mm, it is about 25% lighter than commercially available fiberglass composite fabrics. There are no creases left after folding. The perfluorohexanone coating is only 0.05-0.1mm thick, which does not increase the weight of the fabric or affect the comfort of use.

[0048] The preparation process is simple and controllable. The perfluorohexanone coating adopts a roller coating and drying process, which is compatible with the original composite process. No major adjustments to the production equipment are required, making it suitable for industrial mass production. The coating is firmly bonded to the fabric and does not peel off or powder after 72 hours of heat aging at 200℃.

[0049] With stronger adaptability to various application scenarios, in the field of lithium battery protection, it can simultaneously extinguish fires in the early stages of thermal runaway, block high temperatures, and prevent explosive impacts; in the fields of fire protection and aviation, it provides more comprehensive safety protection for personnel and equipment. In simulated lithium battery thermal runaway tests, the protective bag can extinguish fires in the early stages without any flames or high-temperature gases escaping, and the surface temperature of the bag is ≤60℃. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method steps of the present invention.

[0053] Figure description: 1-Explosion-proof layer, 2-Heat insulation layer, 3-Fireproof layer, 4-Adhesive layer. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0056] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] The fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric provided by this invention is characterized by its multi-layer functional gradient structure design, which achieves synergistic protection of multiple protective properties such as flame retardancy, heat insulation, and explosion-proof.

[0059] The composite fabric includes a fireproof layer 3, a heat insulation layer 2, and an explosion-proof layer 1 arranged sequentially from the inside out, and an adhesive layer 4 is provided between the fireproof layer 3 and the heat insulation layer 2, and between the heat insulation layer 2 and the explosion-proof layer 1.

[0060] Fireproof layer 3 is made of the following raw materials by needle punching: 90 parts pre-oxidized yarn and 141410 parts aramid fiber, with a surface density of 270 g / m² and a thickness of 1.8 mm. Heat insulation layer 2 is made of the following raw materials by needle punching: 85 parts pre-oxidized yarn and 15 parts basalt fiber, with a surface density of 200 g / m² and a thickness of 1.0 mm. Explosion-proof layer 1 is made of Oxford cloth woven from high-strength flame-retardant nylon 66 air-textured yarn, with a surface density of 210 g / m², a thickness of 0.5 mm, and a tensile strength of 2210 N.

[0061] The adhesive layer 4 uses a modified phenolic resin adhesive with a dry film thickness of 0.15 mm. The above layers are bonded together using the adhesive layer to form a whole, with an areal density of 680-720 g / m² and a thickness of 2.8-4.1 mm. Through the coordinated control of the thickness and areal density, the full functionality of each layer is ensured, while avoiding an overly thick overall fabric that would compromise comfort.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] The modified phenolic resin binder used in this invention is prepared through chemical modification and chemical crosslinking. Its structure incorporates heat-resistant groups such as benzoxazine, phosphate esters, and carboxylic acid esters, thus exhibiting excellent adhesion, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and thermal insulation properties. Specifically, the modified phenolic resin is prepared through the following steps: First, 2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one is dispersed in acetone, and then benzyltriethylammonium chloride, potassium hydroxide, and 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoic acid are added sequentially. The mixture is heated to 60-80℃ and stirred for 4-7 hours. After the reaction, the pH is adjusted to 6-7, and the mixture is filtered, distilled under reduced pressure, extracted, concentrated, and dried to obtain intermediate 1. The molar ratio of 2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, potassium hydroxide, and 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoic acid is controlled at 1.2:0.05:0.9:1.0. Then, intermediate 1 was dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide, and chromium acetate and 2-hydroxyphenyl glycidyl ether were added sequentially. The mixture was heated to 80-100℃ and stirred for 7-10 hours. After adjusting the pH to 6-7, the mixture was filtered, extracted, concentrated, and dried to obtain intermediate 2. The molar ratio of intermediate 1, chromium acetate, and 2-hydroxyphenyl glycidyl ether was controlled at 1:1.2:0.02. Next, intermediate 2 was dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide, and phosphoric acid was added. The mixture was heated to 65-85℃ and stirred for 6-10 hours. After extraction, concentration, and drying, modified phenol was obtained. The molar ratio of intermediate 2 to phosphoric acid was controlled at 1:2.0. Finally, the obtained modified phenol was mixed evenly with an aqueous solution of phenol and formaldehyde. Under stirring, the pH was adjusted to 7.5-8.5 with ammonia. The mixture was heated to 65-85℃ and stirred for 0.5-1.5 hours, then heated to 95-100℃ and stirred for another 0.5-1.5 hours. Then, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and fumed silica were added sequentially, and the mixture was stirred for another 0.5-1.5 hours. After vacuum filtration, the modified phenolic resin was obtained. The molar ratio of modified phenol, phenol, formaldehyde, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was controlled at 0.08:1.0:1.2:0.1, and the amount of fumed silica added was 2-5% of the total mass of the system. Through the above multi-step reaction, the final modified phenolic resin possesses both excellent bonding properties and heat-resistant and flame-retardant properties.

[0064] To further enhance the thermal insulation performance of the adhesive layer, this invention also incorporates nano-aerogel as a filler into the modified phenolic resin. This nano-aerogel has a porosity greater than 85%, enabling it to form a closed-loop porous structure within the adhesive layer, effectively blocking heat conduction and thus reducing the thermal conductivity of the adhesive layer. In practical applications, adding nano-aerogel with a porosity greater than 85% to the modified phenolic resin at approximately 25% of the total adhesive mass, along with an appropriate amount of polysiloxane dispersant to ensure uniform dispersion, results in an adhesive layer with a thermal conductivity below 0.02 W / (m·K). Testing shows that the adhesive layer prepared using the above formulation and process not only achieves a tight bond between the fireproof layer, thermal insulation layer, and explosion-proof layer, but also possesses excellent flame-retardant and thermal insulation properties, thereby enabling the composite fabric to form a truly multi-layered protective structure.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] Regarding the preparation process of the composite fabric, this invention employs an adhesive-pressing composite method. Specifically, the prepared modified phenolic resin adhesive is applied between the fireproof layer and the heat insulation layer, and between the heat insulation layer and the explosion-proof layer, and then the layers are tightly bonded through hot pressing. To ensure the uniformity and controllability of the adhesive layer thickness, this invention preferably uses a scraping coating method. By adjusting the scraper spacing and controlling the coating speed, the dry film thickness of the adhesive layer can be precisely controlled within the range of 0.1-0.3 mm. After coating, the three-layer structure is stacked in the order of fireproof layer / heat insulation layer / explosion-proof layer and sent to a laminating machine for hot pressing. The lamination temperature is controlled at 155℃, the pressure is controlled at 10 kN / m, and the holding time is controlled at 15 s. Through the optimized control of the above process parameters, the adhesive can fully flow and impregnate the fibers of each layer under suitable temperature and pressure, while avoiding damage to the structure of each layer due to excessive temperature or pressure. After the composite fabric is left at room temperature for 24 hours to allow the adhesive to fully cure, a fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric with stable performance can be obtained.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] This example demonstrates the synthesis of modified phenol. 1.2 mol of 2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one and 500 mL of acetone were added to a reaction vessel and stirred until dissolved. Then, 0.05 mol of benzyltriethylammonium chloride, 0.9 mol of potassium hydroxide, and 1.0 mol of 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoic acid were added sequentially. The mixture was heated to 70°C and stirred for 5.5 h. After the reaction, the pH was adjusted to 6.5 with dilute hydrochloric acid. Insoluble matter was removed by filtration. The filtrate was then distilled under reduced pressure to recover acetone, followed by extraction three times with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated, and then vacuum dried to obtain intermediate 1 with a yield of 92%. 11.0 mol of intermediate was dissolved in 500 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and 0.02 mol of chromium acetate and 1.2 mol of 2-hydroxyphenyl glycidyl ether were added. The mixture was heated to 90 °C and stirred for 8.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the pH was adjusted to 6.5, filtered, and the filtrate was washed three times with deionized water. The filtrate was then extracted with dichloromethane, concentrated, and dried under vacuum to obtain intermediate 2, with a yield of 89%. 21.0 mol of intermediate was dissolved in 400 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and 2.0 mol of phosphoric acid were added. The mixture was heated to 75 °C and stirred for 8 h. After the reaction was completed, the pH was adjusted to 7.0 with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, washed, dried, concentrated, and dried under vacuum to obtain modified phenol, with a yield of 86%.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] This embodiment demonstrates the synthesis of modified phenolic resin. 0.08 mol of modified phenol prepared in Example 4, 1.0 mol of phenol, and 1.2 mol of 37% formaldehyde aqueous solution were added to a reaction vessel and stirred until homogeneous. Under stirring conditions, the pH was adjusted to 8.0 with 25% ammonia, and the temperature was raised to 75°C for 1 hour; then the temperature was raised to 98°C and the reaction continued for another hour. Subsequently, 0.1 mol of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added, and the reaction was stirred for 0.5 hours; then 3.5% (by mass) of fumed silica was added, and the reaction was continued for another hour. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered under reduced pressure to obtain a modified phenolic resin binder with a solid content of approximately 42%.

[0071] Example 6

[0072] This embodiment further demonstrates the preparation of the fire-resistant layer. 90 parts of pre-oxidized yarn and 141410 parts of aramid fiber were mixed, opened, and carded into a web, then reinforced using a needle-punching method. The needle-punching process parameters were: needle density 400 needles / cm², needle depth 8mm, and needle frequency 600 times / min. The resulting fire-resistant layer had a density of 270g / m² and a thickness of 1.8mm.

[0073] Example 7

[0074] This embodiment further demonstrates the preparation of the thermal insulation layer. 85 parts of pre-oxidized fiber and 15 parts of basalt fiber were mixed, opened, and carded into a web. The web was then reinforced and shaped using a needle-punching method, with the needle-punching process parameters the same as in Example 6. The resulting thermal insulation layer had a density of 200 g / m² and a thickness of 1.0 mm.

[0075] Example 8

[0076] This embodiment further demonstrates the preparation of the explosion-proof layer, which uses high-strength flame-retardant nylon 66 air-textured yarn, woven into an Oxford cloth structure with a surface density of 210 g / m² and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The tested tensile strength is 2210 N and the tear strength is 212 N.

[0077] Example 9

[0078] This embodiment demonstrates the preparation of a composite fabric, using the fireproof layer prepared in Example 6, the heat insulation layer prepared in Example 7, and the explosion-proof layer prepared in Example 8 for lamination. First, an adhesive is prepared by mixing and dispersing the modified phenolic resin prepared in Example 5 with nano-aerogel and polysiloxane dispersant; wherein the amount of nano-aerogel added is 25% of the mass of the modified phenolic resin, and the amount of polysiloxane dispersant added is 2% of the mass of the nano-aerogel. Then, using a scraper coating method, the prepared adhesive is evenly applied to the upper surface of the fireproof layer, the upper and lower surfaces of the heat insulation layer, and the lower surface of the explosion-proof layer. The scraper gap is adjusted to 0.2 mm, the coating speed is 5 m / min, and the dry film thickness of the adhesive layer is controlled to be 0.15 mm. After coating, the layers are stacked in the order of fireproof layer / heat insulation layer / explosion-proof layer and fed into a laminating machine for hot-press lamination. The lamination temperature is 155℃, the pressure is 10 kN / m, and the holding time is 15 s. The composite fabric is left at room temperature for 24 hours to allow the adhesive to fully cure, thus obtaining the fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric.

[0079] The composite fabric prepared in Example 9 was subjected to performance tests, and the results are as follows: oxygen index was 46.5%, afterflame time and smoldering time were both 0, no dripping occurred, clo value was 1.115 m²·℃ / W, dimensional change rate was 0.83%, TPP value was 36.4 cal / cm², tensile strength was 2210 N, and tear strength was 212 N. Explosion-proof performance was tested according to GB / T38301-2019 standard, and the results showed no penetration, no tearing, and backside temperature rise not exceeding 100℃. In the heat aging resistance test, the fabric was placed at 200℃ for 72 hours, and there was no change in appearance, with a strength retention rate of over 95%.

[0080] Example 10

[0081] To further verify the technical effects of the present invention, specific comparative examples and application examples are provided below. By comparing the performance of the composite fabrics prepared in the comparative examples with those in the embodiments of the present invention, the advantages of the present invention in terms of flexibility, strength, flame retardancy, and explosion protection can be highlighted. The application examples simulate actual use scenarios to verify the practical effects of the fabric of the present invention in the fields of fire protection and lithium battery protection.

[0082] The specific comparison data in Table 1 and the test results in Table 2 are shown in the following tables.

[0083] Detailed comparison data table 1:

[0084]

[0085] Test Results Table 2

[0086]

[0087] In summary, this invention, through a multi-layered functional gradient structure design and the use of modified phenolic resin binders, creates a synergistic protective system for the composite fabric. The fire-retardant layer provides excellent flame retardant properties, with an oxygen index greater than 46%; the heat insulation layer effectively blocks heat conduction, with a clo value greater than 1.1; and the explosion-proof layer provides high-strength protection, with a tensile strength greater than 2200N. Compared with existing products, the fabric of this invention has significant advantages in flexibility, strength, flame retardancy, and explosion-proof performance. Furthermore, the process of this invention is highly controllable, resulting in stable product quality. It can be widely used in fire protection, aviation, lithium battery protection, and other fields, possessing significant practical value and broad market prospects.

[0088] Example 11

[0089] The composite fabric obtained in Example 3 is cut and sewn into a protective bag. High-temperature resistant neodymium iron boron magnetic strips are built into the bag opening and the edge of the cover to form a magnetic sealing structure. Flame-retardant Velcro is sewn on the side of the bag for quick installation. A hidden emergency pull ring is set on the outside of the cover for quick opening.

[0090] The magnetic strip is 5mm wide and 2mm thick, with a remanence of 1.2T and a Curie temperature ≥350℃; the flame-retardant hook and loop fastener is treated with an organosilicon flame-retardant coating, with an oxygen index ≥32% and no melting at 300℃ for 30 minutes; the emergency pull ring is made of aramid 1313 braided tape with a breaking strength ≥500N and is sewn into a concealed pocket on the outside of the cover.

[0091] The protective bag was used in a lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test: when the internal pressure rose to 0.3 MPa, the magnetic attraction force increased with the pressure, no flames or high-temperature gases escaped, and the surface temperature of the bag was ≤60℃. In a fire suit lining application test, under a simulated fire heat flux of 84 kW / m² for 20 seconds, the back temperature rise was only 24.5℃, the fabric structure remained intact, and there were no molten droplets.

[0092] The above results show that the fabric of the present invention has excellent flame retardant, heat insulation and explosion-proof properties, and is suitable for aviation, fire protection, lithium battery protection and other fields.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0094] Furthermore, although the operations of the method of the present invention are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.

Claims

1. A fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric, Its features are, include: The fireproof layer (3), the heat insulation layer (2), and the explosion-proof layer (1) are arranged sequentially from the inside out. The inner surface of the fireproof layer (3) is coated with a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating; An adhesive layer (4) is provided between the fireproof layer (3) and the heat insulation layer (2), and between the heat insulation layer (2) and the explosion-proof layer (1). The fireproof layer (3) is made of raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: 85-95 parts of pre-oxidized yarn and 5-15 parts of aramid fiber 1414; The heat insulation layer (2) is made of raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: 80-90 parts of pre-oxidized fiber and 10-20 parts of basalt fiber; The explosion-proof layer (1) is made of high-strength flame-retardant nylon Oxford cloth; The adhesive layer (4) is a modified phenolic resin adhesive.

2. The fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric according to claim 1, Its features are, The areal density of the fireproof layer (3) is 260–280 g / m², and the thickness is 1.5–2.0 mm; the coating amount of the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating is 50–80 g / m², and the dry film thickness is 0.05–0.1 mm. The surface density of the insulation layer (2) is 170–220 g / m², and the thickness is 0.8–1.2 mm; The explosion-proof layer (1) has a surface density of 200–220 g / m², a thickness of 0.4–0.6 mm, and a strength of ≥2000 N; The thickness of the adhesive layer (4) is 0.1–0.3 mm.

3. The fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric according to claim 1, Its features are, The modified phenolic resin was prepared by the following method: Step 1: React 2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one with 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoic acid in the presence of a catalyst to prepare intermediate 1; Step 2: Intermediate 1 is reacted with 2-hydroxyphenyl glycidyl ether in the presence of a catalyst to obtain intermediate 2; Step 3: React intermediate 2 with phosphoric acid to obtain modified phenol; Step 4: The modified phenol, phenol and formaldehyde are reacted under alkaline conditions to obtain a phenolic prepolymer; Step 5: The phenolic prepolymer is subjected to a hydrolysis-condensation reaction with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and fumed silica to obtain modified phenolic resin.

4. The fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric according to claim 3, Its features are, In step 1, the molar ratio of 2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, potassium hydroxide, and 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoic acid is 1.2:0.05:0.9:1.0, the reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 4-7h. In step 2, the molar ratio of intermediate 1, chromium acetate and 2-hydroxyphenyl glycidyl ether is 1:0.02:1.2, the reaction temperature is 80–100℃, and the reaction time is 7–10 h. In step 3, the molar ratio of intermediate 2 to phosphoric acid is 1:2.0, the reaction temperature is 65-85℃, and the reaction time is 6-10h. In step 4, the molar ratio of the modified phenol to the formaldehyde is 0.08:1.0:1.2, the reaction pH is 7.5-8.5, the temperature is 65-100℃, and the time is 1-3 hours. In step 5, the amount of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane added is 0.1 based on phenol, the amount of fumed silica added is 2-5% of the total mass of the system, the reaction pH is 7.5-8.5, the temperature is 65-100℃, and the time is 0.5-1.5h.

5. The fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric according to claim 3, Its features are, The perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating is a composite coating of perfluorohexanone and fluorocarbon resin film-forming agent. The amount of fluorocarbon resin film-forming agent added is 10-15% of the mass of perfluorohexanone. The coating can quickly release perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent to achieve automatic fire extinguishing when the temperature is ≥180℃.

6. A method for preparing a fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric. The fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric described in any one of claims 1-5 is used. Its features are, Includes the following steps: Step 1, prepare perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing coating and coat it on the inside of the fireproof layer (3): mix perfluorohexanone with fluorocarbon resin film-forming agent and stir evenly, coat it on the inside surface of the fireproof layer (3) by roller coating, and dry it at 80-100℃ for 10-15 min to obtain the fireproof layer (3) coated with fire extinguishing coating. Step 2: Mix and disperse the modified phenolic resin binder with nano aerogel and polysiloxane dispersant evenly, and apply it to the outside of the fireproof layer (3), the upper and lower surfaces of the heat insulation layer (2), and the inside of the explosion-proof layer (1) after the fire extinguishing coating is applied by scraping. Adjust the scraper spacing and coating speed to control the dry film thickness to 0.1-0.3 mm. Step 3: Stack the layers in the order of fireproof layer (3), heat insulation layer (2), and explosion-proof layer (1), and composite them by pressing. The pressing temperature is 155℃, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, the holding time is 15s, and the composite fabric is obtained after curing at room temperature for 24 hours.

7. The application of a fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric as described in any one of claims 1-5 in the preparation of fire-fighting, aviation, or lithium battery protective equipment.

8. A fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof protective bag, Its features are, Made of a fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof composite fabric as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the perfluorohexanone fire-extinguishing coating of the fabric faces the inside of the protective bag.

9. A fireproof, heat-insulating, and explosion-proof protective bag according to claim 8. Its features are, The protective bag has a high-temperature resistant magnetic sealing structure at the opening and the cap, which is used to achieve a self-reinforcing seal when the internal pressure increases; the side of the bag body has a flame-retardant Velcro, and the outside of the cap has an emergency pull ring.

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