Advanced treatment equipment and method for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification

Abstract

The invention discloses high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment and method based on gradient purification, and relates to the field of wastewater treatment.The high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment comprises a cyclone separation module, a conditioning module, a desalting module and a heavy metal advanced removal module which are sequentially connected in the wastewater treatment flow direction; the cyclone separation module, the conditioning module, the desalting module and the heavy metal deep removal module are all borne by a rigid rack and packaged through detachable sealing cover plates so as to form the integrated treatment equipment connected in series according to the treatment gradient. According to the treatment equipment and method, four wastewater treatment processes of physical separation, chemical conditioning, electrochemical desalination and biological adsorption are subjected to modular integration and gradient series connection, a step-by-step purification scheme from macroscopic treatment to microscopic treatment and from coarse treatment to fine treatment is constructed, pollutants can be efficiently separated before entering a core membrane unit, and the treatment efficiency is improved. The impact of the high-salt heavy metal wastewater on the membrane separation unit is fundamentally reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to wastewater treatment technology, specifically to equipment and methods for the deep treatment of high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification. Background Technology

[0002] High-salt heavy metal wastewater mainly originates from industries such as electroplating, metallurgy, chemical processing, mining, and electronic component manufacturing. This type of wastewater has a complex composition, high salt concentration, and contains various toxic heavy metal ions such as copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, and lead. If discharged directly without proper treatment, it will pose a serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem and human health.

[0003] Currently, the treatment of this type of wastewater typically employs a combination of separate and graded processes. Common treatment methods include chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, and biological methods. However, in practical engineering applications, single or simple combined processes face significant challenges:

[0004] Inhibitory effects of high salinity: High salinity environments severely weaken the efficiency of chemical precipitation, leading to huge amounts of precipitant dosage and the generation of large quantities of hazardous sludge containing heavy metals; at the same time, high salinity can also inhibit or toxicize microorganisms, making traditional biological methods difficult to apply.

[0005] Bottlenecks in the application of membrane separation technology: Although membrane technologies (such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration) can effectively desalinate and remove heavy metals, when faced with wastewater with high salt, high hardness, high heavy metals and complex organic matter, membrane modules are prone to severe scaling, organic pollution and heavy metal poisoning, which leads to a sharp drop in membrane flux, increased operating pressure, increased cleaning frequency, shortened membrane life, and high operating and maintenance costs.

[0006] Challenges in process integration and resource recovery: Existing combined processes are often single-function, poorly integrated, and lack systematic design. They are difficult to achieve both efficient removal of pollutants and fractional concentration and resource recovery of salts and heavy metals, which can easily lead to secondary pollution and resource waste.

[0007] To overcome the bottlenecks of existing high-salt heavy metal wastewater treatment technologies, such as severe membrane fouling and poisoning due to high salt and heavy metal content, and high operating costs, and to seek a long-term solution that can fundamentally reduce membrane load and prevent membrane poisoning, the industry has conducted numerous explorations. The following related solutions are disclosed in existing technologies:

[0008] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN114804336A discloses a device and method for reducing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors. In this patent application, a high-field-strength permanent magnet is placed inside or outside a flat-sheet membrane module. Based on the magnetobiological effect mechanism, the stronger magnetic field near the permanent magnet inhibits membrane fouling, while the weaker magnetic field distributed within the reaction zone improves the biological treatment process, thus achieving the goal of simultaneously reducing membrane fouling and improving treatment efficiency. This method utilizes a static magnetic field to delay membrane fouling while simultaneously improving the biological treatment process, achieving two goals at once. Furthermore, this method offers long-term benefits with a single investment, without secondary pollution or other potential hazards. While retaining the advantages of traditional flat-sheet membrane bioreactors, it further enhances treatment efficiency and stability, demonstrating strong application potential in various types of wastewater treatment.

[0009] However, the core of the aforementioned existing technologies lies in in-situ intervention and performance optimization of wastewater that has already entered the membrane system, without fundamentally altering the wastewater quality before it enters the membrane system. Specifically, they fail to effectively remove or separate ions such as calcium, magnesium, and silicon that cause membrane fouling, as well as heavy metal ions that cause irreversible fouling of the membrane surface. In high-salt and high-hardness environments, the deposition and adsorption of these pollutants on the membrane surface are the main causes of membrane performance degradation.

[0010] Therefore, existing technologies still lack an integrated solution that can achieve source control from the process flow design, systematically remove most suspended solids, colloids, scaling ions and heavy metal ions before wastewater enters the core membrane separation unit through the synergy of multi-stage pretreatment units, thereby providing safe influent conditions for the membrane unit and taking into account the potential for resource recovery of pollutants. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a deep treatment device and method for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification, so as to solve the problems of severe membrane fouling and membrane poisoning failure caused by direct impact of high-salt heavy metal wastewater on membrane separation units in the prior art.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-salt heavy metal wastewater deep treatment device based on gradient purification, comprising a cyclone separation module, a conditioning module, a desalination module, and a heavy metal deep removal module connected sequentially along the wastewater treatment flow direction. Each of the cyclone separation module, conditioning module, desalination module, and heavy metal deep removal module is supported by a rigid frame and encapsulated by a detachable sealing cover, forming an integrated treatment device connected in series according to the treatment gradient.

[0013] The cyclone separation module is used for wastewater purification and heavy sludge separation. It includes an integrated housing and cyclone separation units. The integrated housing has a wastewater tank and a treatment water tank nested inside and outside. A sludge collection box is set on the outer side of the bottom of the treatment water tank. The cyclone separation units are arranged in four groups in parallel. The inlet of each cyclone separation unit is connected to the wastewater tank, and its outlet is connected to the treatment water tank. The bottom of the cyclone separation unit is provided with a sludge discharge port connected to the sludge collection box. The bottom of the treatment water tank is provided with a wastewater outlet A, which is connected to the conditioning module through a pipeline and a booster pump.

[0014] The conditioning module is used to regulate water quality and break down heavy metal complexes. The conditioning module includes a conditioning tank and a pH dosing unit, a mixing reactor, and a pH / ORP monitoring probe configured in the conditioning tank. The module receives the effluent from the cyclone separator and optimizes the chemical conditions of the wastewater by precisely adding acid / alkali, complex-breaking agents, and micro-flocculators, thus creating conditions for subsequent processes.

[0015] The desalination module is connected to the outlet B of the conditioning module through the inlet pipe. The desalination module is an electrochemical desalination device.

[0016] The heavy metal deep removal module is connected to the desalination outlet C of the desalination module. The heavy metal deep removal module includes a removal tank, a biological agent dosing unit, a microbial floc agglomeration unit, an inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit, and a slag collection hopper.

[0017] Furthermore, the slag collection box is a side-tilting cylindrical bucket, with its output end extending through the cover plate of the frame to the outside of the equipment.

[0018] Furthermore, the biological agent dosing unit is installed on the top side of the desorption tank and is used to quantitatively add liquid or powdered special microbial adsorption agents into the desorption tank. The microbial floc agglomeration unit and the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit are both installed inside the desorption tank. The microbial floc agglomeration unit is used to drive its actuator to unfold after the adsorption reaction is completed and to gather the microbial flocs floating on the water surface to the designated area.

[0019] Furthermore, the microbial floc agglomeration unit includes a lifting electric cylinder, a bidirectional moving slide, and agglomeration components. The lifting electric cylinder is fixed to the top wall of the removal box, and the shaft end of the lifting electric cylinder is connected to the bidirectional moving slide. Agglomeration components are installed on both sliding ends of the bidirectional moving slide.

[0020] Furthermore, the gathering assembly includes a drive component, a bracket, a disc, a rotating rod, a first swing rod, a V-shaped connecting rod, a second swing rod, a first gathering arm, and a second gathering arm. The bracket is connected to the two sliding ends of the bidirectional moving slide, and an elongated opening is provided on the bracket. The first gathering arm and the second gathering arm are respectively hinged to both sides of the elongated opening of the bracket. The drive component is fixed to the bottom side of the bracket, and the shaft end of the drive component is connected to the disc. The rotating rod is hinged to the eccentric side of the end face of the disc.

[0021] Furthermore, the first swing arm and the V-shaped connecting rod are coaxially hinged to the free end of the rotating rod. The middle of the V-shaped connecting rod is movably connected to the bottom side of the support. The upper end of the V-shaped connecting rod is hinged to the second swing arm. The end of the first swing arm is hinged to the first gathering arm, and the end of the second swing arm is hinged to the second gathering arm.

[0022] Furthermore, the input side of the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit is submerged below the liquid surface of the agglomeration area in the removal box. The surface of its conveyor belt is provided with a porous or grid structure to drain water during the lifting process. The output side of the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit is connected to the upper opening of the slag collection hopper, and its end is provided with a scraper or baffle to ensure that the bioflocs conveyed to the top are completely scraped off and introduced into the slag collection hopper.

[0023] Furthermore, a precision filter is installed between the outlet B of the conditioning module and the inlet pipe of the desalination module.

[0024] The advanced treatment method for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification, implemented using the aforementioned advanced treatment equipment, includes the following steps:

[0025] S1: The high-salt heavy metal wastewater to be treated is pumped into the wastewater tank of the cyclone separation module. The cyclone separation unit is started, and the wastewater achieves rapid separation of heavy particles, gravel and liquid under the action of centrifugal force. The separated heavy slag falls into the slag collection box through the slag discharge port at the bottom and is discharged externally periodically. The wastewater that has undergone primary purification enters the treatment water tank and is transported to the conditioning module by the lift pump.

[0026] S2: The conditioning module receives wastewater from S1, monitors the water quality in real time through a pH / ORP monitoring probe, and controls the pH reagent dosing unit to precisely add acid and alkali reagents to adjust the pH of the wastewater to the preset range. Subsequently, complex-breaking agents and micro-flocculating agents are added in sequence. Under the stirring action of the mixing reactor, the heavy metal complexes are destroyed, and the colloids and suspended solids are micro-flocculated to form a suspension system that is easy to process later.

[0027] S3: The wastewater treated by S2 is pumped into the electrochemical desalination unit of the desalination module after the residual suspended solids are removed by a precision filter; the electrochemical desalination unit is turned on to generate desalinated fresh water in the fresh water chamber, and the high salt concentrate is exported separately; the desalinated fresh water enters the heavy metal deep removal module through the desalination outlet C.

[0028] S4: Deep removal of heavy metals through bio-adsorption;

[0029] S4.1: Microbial adsorption agents are added to the desalinated fresh water in the desalination tank through the biological agent dosing unit; within the set reaction time, the microbial cells adsorb and enrich the residual heavy metal ions in the water, forming a floating microbial floc layer;

[0030] S4.2: After the adsorption reaction is completed, the microbial floc aggregation unit is activated. The lifting electric cylinder drives the bidirectional moving slide to descend to the set height. Then, the bidirectional moving slide drives the aggregation components on both sides to move synchronously towards the center of the removal box. During this process, the driving component is activated. Through the linkage of the disc, rotating rod, swing rod and V-shaped connecting rod, the first aggregation arm and the second aggregation arm are driven to expand outward and descend synchronously to form an aggregation barrier that gathers from both sides to the center, slowly driving the floating microbial flocs to gather in the central collection area.

[0031] S4.3: Start the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit; its input side is submerged below the floc layer in the collection area, the conveyor belt runs, and the flocs are discharged and drained during the inclined lifting process; the flocs conveyed to the top are scraped off by the scraper at the end and introduced into the slag collection hopper, completing the transfer and collection of biological residues.

[0032] S4.4: After solid-liquid separation is completed, the clear liquid in the removal tank is discharged through the purified water outlet.

[0033] Compared with existing technologies, the high-salt heavy metal wastewater deep treatment equipment and method based on gradient purification provided by this invention modularly integrates and sequentially connects four wastewater treatment processes: physical separation, chemical conditioning, electrochemical desalination, and biological adsorption. This constructs a step-by-step purification scheme from macro to micro and from coarse to fine treatment, enabling efficient separation of pollutants before they enter the core membrane unit. In particular, the two key pretreatment stages of electrochemical desalination and biological adsorption, located before the membrane system, fundamentally reduce the impact of high-salt heavy metal wastewater on the membrane separation unit. Specific technical effects include the following:

[0034] 1. Through a four-stage pretreatment process involving cyclone separation, chemical conditioning, electrochemical desalination, and biological adsorption, the vast majority of suspended solids, colloids, scaling ions, and heavy metal ions in the wastewater are removed, fundamentally improving the influent quality before it enters the subsequent membrane deep treatment unit. This avoids major failure modes such as membrane fouling, scaling, and heavy metal poisoning at the source, significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0035] 2. The bio-adsorption module mechanically collects microbial residues enriched with heavy metals. Its small size and high heavy metal concentration facilitate centralized disposal or metal recovery. This gradient separation process enhances the overall resource recovery potential and reduces the amount of hazardous waste generated. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone separation module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the removal box and the biological agent dosing unit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heavy metal deep removal module in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microbial floc aggregation unit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0044] 1. Cyclone Separation Module; 11. Wastewater Tank; 12. Treated Water Tank; 13. Cyclone Separation Unit; 14. Slag Collection Box; 2. Conditioning Module; 3. Desalination Module; 4. Heavy Metal Deep Removal Module; 41. Removal Box; 42. Biological Agent Dosing Unit; 43. Microbial Floc Aggregation Unit; 431. Lifting Electric Cylinder; 432. Bidirectional Moving Slide Table; 433. Support; 434. Disc; 435. Rotating Rod; 436. First Swing Rod; 437. Second Swing Rod; 438. First Aggregating Arm; 439. Second Aggregating Arm; 44. Inclined Conveyor Belt Slag Transfer Unit; 45. Slag Collection Hopper. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 As shown:

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] This invention provides a deep treatment device for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification, including a cyclone separation module 1, a conditioning module 2, and a desalination module 3 connected sequentially along the wastewater treatment flow direction. The cyclone separation module 1, the conditioning module 2, and the desalination module 3 are all supported by a rigid frame and encapsulated by a detachable sealing cover to form an integrated treatment device connected in series according to the treatment gradient.

[0049] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cyclone separation module 1 is used for wastewater purification and heavy slag separation. It includes an integrated housing and cyclone separation units 13. The integrated housing has a wastewater tank 11 and a treatment water tank 12 nested inside and outside. A slag collection box 14 is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the treatment water tank 12. The cyclone separation units 13 are provided in four groups and arranged in parallel. The inlet of each cyclone separation unit 13 is connected to the wastewater tank 11, and its outlet is connected to the treatment water tank 12. The bottom of the cyclone separation unit 13 is provided with a slag discharge port connected to the slag collection box 14. The bottom of the treatment water tank 12 is provided with a wastewater outlet A, which is connected to the conditioning module 2 through a pipe and a booster pump. The slag collection box 14 is a side-tilting cylindrical bucket, and its output end extends to the outside of the equipment through the cover plate of the frame.

[0050] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the conditioning module 2 is used to adjust water quality and break down heavy metal complexes. The conditioning module 2 includes a conditioning tank and a pH reagent dosing unit, a mixing reactor and a pH / ORP monitoring probe disposed in the conditioning tank. The module receives the effluent from the cyclone separation module 1 and optimizes the chemical conditions of the wastewater by precisely adding acid / alkali, complex-breaking agent and micro-flocculator, thus creating conditions for subsequent processes.

[0051] 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the desalination module 3 is connected to the outlet B of the conditioning module 2 through the inlet pipe, and the desalination module 3 is an electrochemical desalination device.

[0052] 4. In one embodiment of the present invention, a precision filter (not shown in the figure) is also provided between the outlet B of the conditioning module 2 and the inlet pipe of the desalination module 3.

[0053] Working Principle: Example 1 provides a gradient purification-based advanced treatment device for high-salt heavy metal wastewater. Its core lies in constructing a compact, integrated device consisting of a cyclone separation module 1, a conditioning module 2, and a desalination module 3 connected in series. The cyclone separation module 1, through four parallel cyclone separation units 13, performs efficient primary physical purification of the wastewater, removing heavy particles and gravel. The conditioning module 2, through precise dosing of chemicals, achieves pH adjustment, destruction of heavy metal complexes, and micro-flocculation, realizing chemical pretreatment and water quality optimization of the wastewater. After conditioning, the wastewater passes through a precision filter to further remove suspended solids before entering the electrochemical desalination device, the core desalination unit, where efficient salt separation and concentration are achieved under an electric field. Example 1 aims to create high-quality influent conditions with low suspended solids, low hardness, and low heavy metal load for subsequent membrane separation or other advanced treatment units through multi-stage pretreatment, thereby reducing the risk of pollution and scaling in the core unit from the source and improving the overall system treatment efficiency and operational stability. In addition, the equipment adopts a modular design and integrated packaging, which makes it compact and easy to install and maintain.

[0054] As attached Figure 3 To be continued Figure 6 As shown:

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] This invention provides a deep treatment device for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification, comprising a cyclone separation module 1, a conditioning module 2, a desalination module 3, and a heavy metal deep removal module 4 connected sequentially along the wastewater treatment flow direction. The cyclone separation module 1, conditioning module 2, desalination module 3, and heavy metal deep removal module 4 are all supported by a rigid frame and encapsulated by a detachable sealing cover to form an integrated treatment device connected in series according to the treatment gradient.

[0057] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the heavy metal deep removal module 4 is connected to the desalination outlet C of the desalination module 3. The heavy metal deep removal module 4 includes a removal box 41, a biological agent dosing unit 42, a microbial floc agglomeration unit 43, an inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit 44, and a slag collection hopper 45.

[0058] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the biological agent dosing unit 42 is installed on the top side of the removal box 41 and is used to quantitatively add liquid or powdered special microbial adsorption agents into the removal box 41. The microbial floc agglomeration unit 43 and the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit 44 are both installed inside the removal box 41. The microbial floc agglomeration unit 43 is used to drive its actuator to unfold after the adsorption reaction is completed and to gather the microbial flocs floating on the water surface to the designated area.

[0059] 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the microbial floc agglomeration unit 43 includes a lifting electric cylinder 431, a bidirectional moving slide 432, and agglomeration components. The lifting electric cylinder 431 is fixed to the top wall of the removal box 41, and the shaft end of the lifting electric cylinder 431 is connected to the bidirectional moving slide 432. Agglomeration components are installed on both sliding ends of the bidirectional moving slide 432. The agglomeration components include a driving component, a support 433, a disc 434, a rotating rod 435, a first swing rod 436, a V-shaped connecting rod, a second swing rod 437, a first agglomeration arm 438, and a second agglomeration arm 439. The support 433 is connected to the two sliding ends of the bidirectional moving slide 432. The support 433 has an elongated opening, and the first agglomeration arm 438 and the second agglomeration arm 439 are respectively hinged to both sides of the elongated opening of the support 433. The driving component is fixed to the bottom side of the support 433, and the shaft end of the driving component is connected to the disc 434. The eccentric side of the end face of the disc 434 is hinged to the rotating rod 435. The first swing rod 436 and the V-shaped connecting rod are both coaxially hinged to the free end of the rotating rod 435. The bottom side of the bracket 433 is movably connected in the middle of the V-shaped connecting rod. The upper end of the V-shaped connecting rod is hinged to the second swing rod 437. The end of the first swing rod 436 is hinged to the first gathering arm 438. The end of the second swing rod 437 is hinged to the second gathering arm 439.

[0060] 4. In one embodiment of the present invention, the input side of the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit 44 is submerged below the liquid surface of the gathering area in the removal box 41. The surface of its conveyor belt is provided with a porous or grid structure to drain water during the lifting process. The output side of the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit 44 is connected to the upper opening of the slag collection hopper 45. Its end is provided with a scraper or baffle to ensure that the bioflocs conveyed to the top are completely scraped off and introduced into the slag collection hopper 45.

[0061] Working Principle: Example 2, building upon the gradient process of Example 1, further integrates a heavy metal deep removal module 4, thus forming a complete four-stage treatment chain from primary purification to deep adsorption. This module adsorbs residual heavy metal ions by adding microbial agents and utilizes a mechanical device consisting of a lifting electric cylinder 431, a bidirectional sliding table, and a linkage-type gathering arm to efficiently gather the adsorbed floating microbial flocs to a specific area. Subsequently, the heavy metal-enriched bio-flocs are transferred from the water surface, drained, and introduced into the slag collection hopper 45 via an inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit 44, achieving solid-liquid separation. The purpose is to achieve deep and targeted removal of trace heavy metals in the wastewater after electrochemical desalination, thereby significantly reducing the risk of heavy metal poisoning in any subsequent membrane treatment units and generating small-volume, high-concentration biological residues that are easy to dispose of or utilize for resource recovery. The entire device is highly integrated, achieving systematic and gradient deep purification of high-salt heavy metal wastewater.

[0062] In conjunction with Embodiments 1 and 2 above, the present invention also provides a method for deep treatment of high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification, comprising the following steps:

[0063] S1: The high-salt heavy metal wastewater to be treated is pumped into the wastewater tank 11 of the cyclone separation module 1. The cyclone separation unit 13 is started, and the wastewater achieves rapid separation of heavy particles, gravel and liquid under the action of centrifugal force. The separated heavy slag falls into the slag collection box 14 through the slag discharge port at the bottom and is discharged externally periodically. The wastewater after primary purification enters the treatment water tank 12 and is transported to the conditioning module 2 by the lift pump.

[0064] S2: Conditioning module 2 receives wastewater from S1, monitors water quality in real time through pH / ORP monitoring probe, and controls pH reagent dosing unit to accurately add acid and alkali reagents to adjust the pH of wastewater to the preset range; then, complex-breaking agent and micro-flocculating agent are added in sequence, and under the stirring action of the mixing reactor, the heavy metal complexes are destroyed, and colloids and suspended solids are micro-flocculated to form a suspension system that is easy to be treated later.

[0065] S3: After the wastewater treated by S2 is filtered to remove residual suspended solids, it is pumped into the electrochemical desalination device of the desalination module 3; the electrochemical desalination device is turned on to generate desalinated freshwater in the freshwater chamber, and the high-salt concentrate is exported separately; the desalinated freshwater enters the heavy metal deep removal module 4 through the desalination outlet C.

[0066] S4: Deep removal of heavy metals through bio-adsorption;

[0067] S4.1: Microbial adsorption agents are added to the desalinated fresh water in the desalination tank 41 through the biological agent dosing unit 42; within the set reaction time, the microbial cells adsorb and enrich the residual heavy metal ions in the water, forming a floating microbial floc layer.

[0068] S4.2: After the adsorption reaction is completed, the microbial floc aggregation unit 43 is activated. The lifting cylinder 431 drives the bidirectional moving slide 432 to descend to the set height. Then, the bidirectional moving slide 432 drives the aggregation components on both sides to move synchronously towards the center of the removal box 41. During this process, the driving component is activated. Through the linkage of the disc 434, the rotating rod 435, the swing rod and the V-shaped connecting rod, the first aggregation arm 438 and the second aggregation arm 439 are driven to expand outward and descend synchronously, forming an aggregation barrier that gathers from both sides to the center, slowly driving the floating microbial flocs to gather in the central collection area.

[0069] S4.3: Start the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit 44; its input side is submerged below the floc layer in the collection area, the conveyor belt runs, the floc is discharged and drained during the inclined lifting process; the floc conveyed to the top is scraped off by the scraper at the end and introduced into the slag collection hopper 45, completing the transfer and collection of biological residue.

[0070] S4.4: After solid-liquid separation is completed, the clear liquid in the removal tank 41 is discharged through the purified water outlet.

[0071] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-salt heavy metal wastewater deep treatment device based on gradient purification, comprising a cyclone separation module (1), a conditioning module (2), a desalination module (3), and a heavy metal deep removal module (4) connected sequentially along the wastewater treatment flow direction. Each of the cyclone separation module (1), conditioning module (2), desalination module (3), and heavy metal deep removal module (4) is supported by a rigid frame and encapsulated by a detachable sealing cover to form an integrated treatment device connected in series according to the treatment gradient. Its features are: Cyclone separation module (1) is used for wastewater purification and heavy sludge separation. It includes an integrated box and a cyclone separation unit (13). The integrated box has a wastewater tank (11) and a treatment water tank (12) nested inside and outside. A sludge collection box (14) is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the treatment water tank (12). The cyclone separation unit (13) is provided in four groups and arranged in parallel. The inlet of each cyclone separation unit (13) is connected to the wastewater tank (11), and its outlet is connected to the treatment water tank (12). The bottom of the cyclone separation unit (13) is provided with a sludge discharge port connected to the sludge collection box (14). The bottom of the treatment water tank (12) is provided with a wastewater outlet A, which is connected to the conditioning module (2) through a pipeline and a booster pump. The conditioning module (2) is used to regulate water quality and break down heavy metal complexes. The conditioning module (2) includes a conditioning tank and a pH dosing unit, a mixing reactor and a monitoring probe configured in the conditioning tank. The desalination module (3) is connected to the outlet B of the conditioning module (2) through the inlet pipe. The desalination module (3) is an electrochemical desalination device. The heavy metal deep removal module (4) is connected to the desalination outlet C of the desalination module (3). The heavy metal deep removal module (4) includes a removal box (41), a biological agent dosing unit (42), a microbial floc agglomeration unit (43), an inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit (44), and a slag collection hopper (45).

2. The advanced treatment equipment for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag collection box (14) is a side-tilting cylindrical bucket, and its output end extends through the cover plate of the frame to the outside of the equipment.

3. The advanced treatment equipment for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological agent dosing unit (42) is installed on the top side of the removal box (41) and is used to quantitatively add liquid or powdered special microbial adsorption agents into the removal box (41). The microbial floc agglomeration unit (43) and the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit (44) are both installed inside the removal box (41). The microbial floc agglomeration unit (43) is used to drive its execution component to unfold after the adsorption reaction is completed and gather the microbial flocs floating on the water surface to the designated area.

4. The advanced treatment equipment for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification according to claim 3, characterized in that, The microbial floc agglomeration unit (43) includes a lifting electric cylinder (431), a bidirectional moving slide (432), and agglomeration components. The lifting electric cylinder (431) is fixed to the top wall of the removal box (41), and the shaft end of the lifting electric cylinder (431) is connected to the bidirectional moving slide (432). Agglomeration components are installed on both sliding ends of the bidirectional moving slide (432).

5. The advanced treatment equipment for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gathering assembly includes a drive component, a bracket (433), a disc (434), a rotating rod (435), a first swing rod (436), a V-shaped connecting rod, a second swing rod (437), a first gathering arm (438), and a second gathering arm (439). The bracket (433) is connected to the two sliding ends of the bidirectional moving slide (432). The bracket (433) has an elongated opening. The first gathering arm (438) and the second gathering arm (439) are respectively hinged to both sides of the elongated opening of the bracket (433). The drive component is fixed to the bottom side of the bracket (433). The shaft end of the drive component is connected to the disc (434). The eccentric side of the end face of the disc (434) is hinged to the rotating rod (435).

6. The advanced treatment equipment for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first swing rod (436) and the V-shaped connecting rod are coaxially hinged to the free end of the rotating rod (435). The V-shaped connecting rod is movably connected to the bottom side of the bracket (433) in the middle. The upper end of the V-shaped connecting rod is hinged to the second swing rod (437). The end of the first swing rod (436) is hinged to the first gathering arm (438). The end of the second swing rod (437) is hinged to the second gathering arm (439).

7. The advanced treatment equipment for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification according to claim 3, characterized in that, The input side of the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit (44) is submerged below the liquid surface of the gathering area in the removal box (41), and the output side of the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit (44) is connected to the upper opening of the slag collection hopper (45), with a scraper or baffle at its end.

8. The advanced treatment equipment for high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification according to claim 1, characterized in that, A precision filter is also installed between the outlet B of the conditioning module (2) and the inlet pipe of the desalination module (3).

9. A method for deep treatment of high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification, implemented using the deep treatment equipment described in any one of claims 1-8, the method comprising the following steps: S1: The high-salt heavy metal wastewater to be treated is pumped into the wastewater tank (11) of the cyclone separation module (1), and the cyclone separation unit (13) is started. Under the action of centrifugal force, the wastewater achieves rapid separation of heavy particles, gravel and liquid. The separated heavy slag falls into the slag collection box (14) through the slag discharge port at the bottom and is discharged periodically. The wastewater after primary purification enters the treatment water tank (12) and is transported to the conditioning module (2) by the lift pump. S2: Conditioning module (2) receives wastewater from S1, monitors water quality in real time through a monitoring probe, controls the pH reagent dosing unit to accurately add acid and alkali reagents, and adjusts the pH of the wastewater to the preset range; then, it adds complex-breaking agent and micro-flocculating agent in sequence, and completes the destruction of heavy metal complexes and micro-flocculation of colloids and suspended solids under the stirring action of the mixing reactor, forming a suspension system that is easy to process later; S3: After the wastewater treated by S2 is filtered to remove residual suspended solids, it is pumped into the electrochemical desalination device of the desalination module (3); the electrochemical desalination device is turned on to generate desalinated fresh water in the fresh water chamber, and the high salt concentrate is exported separately; the desalinated fresh water enters the heavy metal deep removal module (4) through the desalination outlet C. S4: Deep removal of heavy metals through biological adsorption; S4.1: Microbial adsorption agent is added to the desalinated fresh water in the desalination tank (41) through the biological agent addition unit (42); within the set reaction time, the microbial cells adsorb and enrich the residual heavy metal ions in the water to form a floating microbial floc layer. S4.2: After the adsorption reaction is completed, the microbial floc aggregation unit (43) is started. The lifting cylinder (431) drives the bidirectional moving slide (432) to descend to the set height. Then the bidirectional moving slide (432) drives the aggregation components on both sides to move synchronously towards the center of the removal box (41). During this process, the driving component is started. Through the linkage of the disc (434), the rotating rod (435), the swing rod and the V-shaped connecting rod, the first aggregation arm (438) and the second aggregation arm (439) are driven to expand outward and descend synchronously, forming an aggregation barrier that gathers from both sides to the center, slowly driving the floating microbial flocs to gather in the central collection area. S4.3: Start the inclined conveyor belt slag transfer unit (44); its input side is submerged below the floc layer in the collection area, the conveyor belt runs, the floc is discharged and drained during the inclined lifting process; the floc conveyed to the top is scraped off by the scraper at the end and introduced into the slag collection hopper (45) to complete the transfer and collection of biological residue. S4.4: After solid-liquid separation is completed, the clear liquid in the removal tank (41) is discharged through the purified water outlet.

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