Cold-proof and heat-insulating polyurethane composite material applied to door and window assembly

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold-proof and heat-insulation polyurethane composite material applied to door and window assemblies, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. The composite material is prepared from polyurethane resin, modified hollow glass beads, aerogel powder, basalt fibers, a composite flame retardant, a composite anti-aging agent and other raw materials according to specific parts. The modified hollow glass beads are subjected to composite modification through a silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate, the composite flame retardant is prepared by compounding magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate, and the composite anti-aging agent is prepared by combining an ultraviolet light absorber, an antioxidant and a hindered amine light stabilizer. By optimizing the formula and the preparation process, the material has excellent cold-proof and heat-insulating properties, mechanical properties, flame retardance and aging resistance, is low in heat conductivity coefficient, high in strength, environment-friendly, safe and long in service life, meets the use requirements of door and window components in the building field, is simple in preparation process and is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite material technology, and specifically to a polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components. Background Technology

[0002] As an important component of building envelope, doors and windows directly affect a building's energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort. With the energy crisis becoming increasingly severe, improving the cold-weather insulation performance of doors and windows has become a key research direction in the field of building energy conservation. Polyurethane composite materials, due to their lightweight, high strength, and excellent thermal insulation properties, are widely used in the manufacture of door and window components.

[0003] Traditional polyurethane composite materials are mainly made of polyurethane resin as the matrix, with the addition of inorganic fillers such as glass fiber and rock wool. However, these composite materials still have many shortcomings in practical applications: First, their cold-proof and heat-insulating performance is limited, especially in low-temperature environments where heat transfer loss is relatively severe, making it difficult to meet the needs of use in extremely cold regions; Second, the synergy between mechanical properties and heat insulation performance is poor. In pursuit of higher heat insulation effects, some composite materials often sacrifice mechanical properties such as compressive strength and tensile strength, resulting in insufficient structural stability of door and window components; Third, their aging resistance is poor. Long-term exposure to sunlight, wind, rain, and other natural environments can easily lead to aging and cracking, which not only reduces their cold-proof and heat-insulating effects but also affects the service life of doors and windows; Fourth, some composite materials contain additives containing harmful substances such as formaldehyde during the manufacturing process, posing potential hazards to human health and the environment.

[0004] To address these issues, researchers in related fields have conducted extensive studies. For example, attempts have been made to improve the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of composite materials by optimizing polyurethane resin formulations, changing filler types, or adjusting filler ratios. However, the results have been less than ideal, making it difficult to achieve simultaneous improvements in both. Other studies have employed composite structural designs, layering materials with different properties. However, this design is complex, the manufacturing process is cumbersome, and production costs are high, hindering large-scale application. Therefore, developing a polyurethane composite material with excellent cold-insulation and thermal insulation properties, stable mechanical properties, strong aging resistance, and environmental safety is of great significance for promoting energy-saving upgrades in door and window components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing polyurethane composite materials used in door and window components, such as insufficient cold-proof and heat-insulating performance, poor synergy between mechanical and heat-insulating properties, inadequate aging resistance, and the need for improvement in environmental friendliness, this invention provides a polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating applications in door and window components. This composite material, through reasonable formulation design and specific preparation process, achieves synergistic optimization of cold-proof and heat-insulating performance, mechanical properties, and aging resistance, while also being environmentally friendly, safe, and having a long service life.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window components, mainly composed of polyurethane resin, modified hollow glass microspheres, aerogel powder, basalt fiber, nano-silica, composite flame retardant, anti-aging agent, coupling agent, lubricant and environmentally friendly plasticizer in a specific mass ratio; the modified hollow glass microspheres are hollow glass microspheres that have been modified by composite treatment with silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate; the composite flame retardant is composed of magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate; the anti-aging agent is composed of ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant and hindered amine light stabilizer.

[0008] The further defined technical solution is as follows:

[0009] The mass fractions of each raw material are as follows: 30-50 parts polyurethane resin, 10-20 parts modified hollow glass microspheres, 5-12 parts aerogel powder, 3-8 parts basalt fiber, 2-6 parts nano silica, 1-4 parts composite flame retardant, 0.5-2 parts anti-aging agent, 0.3-1.5 parts coupling agent, 0.2-1 part lubricant, and 1-3 parts environmentally friendly plasticizer.

[0010] The composite flame retardant is prepared by mixing magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate in a mass ratio of (3-5):(1-2):(1-3).

[0011] The anti-aging agent is prepared by mixing ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 1010 and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 in a mass ratio of (2-4):(1-3):(1-2).

[0012] The modified hollow glass microspheres are prepared as follows: after drying, the hollow glass microspheres are mixed with silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate at a mass ratio of 1:(0.02~0.05):(0.01~0.03), and modified for 30min~60min at 80℃~100℃ and rotation speed of 800r / min~1200r / min. After cooling, the mixture is sieved to obtain the final product.

[0013] The hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 10μm to 50μm, a hollowness of ≥85%, and a density of 0.2g / cm³ to 0.4g / cm³.

[0014] The aerogel powder is silica aerogel powder with a specific surface area of ​​600m² / g to 800m² / g and a pore size of 20nm to 50nm; the basalt fiber has a diameter of 5μm to 15μm, a length of 1mm to 5mm, and a tensile strength ≥3500MPa; the nano-silica has a particle size of 20nm to 50nm and a specific surface area of ​​150m² / g to 250m² / g.

[0015] The coupling agent is one or two of silane coupling agents KH-560 and KH-570 mixed in any proportion; the lubricant is one or two of zinc stearate and calcium stearate mixed in any proportion; the environmentally friendly plasticizer is one or two of tributyl citrate and epoxidized soybean oil mixed in any proportion.

[0016] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat-insulating door and window components, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Heat and melt the polyurethane resin, then stir.

[0018] S2: Add coupling agent and mix;

[0019] S3: Add the remaining raw materials in sequence, heat and increase the speed of stirring to obtain a mixture;

[0020] S4: Extrusion granulation;

[0021] S5: Injection molding.

[0022] The temperature of step S1 is 60℃~80℃, the rotation speed is 300r / min~500r / min, and the stirring time is 10min~20min; the temperature of step S2 is 60℃~80℃, the rotation speed is 300r / min~500r / min, and the stirring time is 15min~25min; the temperature of step S3 is 85℃~100℃, the rotation speed is 600r / min~900r / min, and the stirring time is 40min~60min; the extrusion temperature of step S4 is 160℃~190℃, and the screw speed is 200r / min~300r / min; the injection temperature of step S5 is 170℃~200℃, and the injection pressure is 80MPa~120MPa.

[0023] The present invention provides a polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0024] This invention, through the rational combination of polyurethane resin, modified hollow glass microspheres, and aerogel powder, and by optimizing the mass fraction of each raw material, produces a composite material with excellent cold-proof and heat-insulating properties. Specifically, the modified hollow glass microspheres possess extremely low density and good heat insulation performance, and their internal hollow structure effectively blocks heat conduction. Aerogel powder, a novel high-efficiency heat-insulating material, has an extremely high specific surface area and extremely low thermal conductivity, significantly reducing the overall thermal conductivity of the composite material. The synergistic effect of these two materials greatly enhances the cold-proof and heat-insulating effect of the composite material. Testing shows that the thermal conductivity of the composite material of this invention is... It is far superior to traditional polyurethane composite materials.

[0025] This invention incorporates basalt fiber and nano-silica into the raw materials. Basalt fiber, characterized by high strength and high modulus, enhances the mechanical properties of the composite material, improving its compressive strength, tensile strength, and impact strength. Nano-silica provides excellent filling and reinforcing effects, forming a tight bond with polyurethane resin and other fillers, further enhancing the structural stability and mechanical properties of the composite material. Testing shows that the composite material of this invention exhibits a compressive strength ≥50MPa, a tensile strength ≥25MPa, and an impact strength ≥15kJ / m², meeting the structural strength requirements for door and window components.

[0026] This invention employs a specific formulation of a composite anti-aging agent. UV absorber UV-327 absorbs ultraviolet light, reducing its aging damage to the composite material; antioxidant 1010 inhibits oxidation during use, slowing down the aging process; and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 captures free radicals, preventing photoaging. The synergistic effect of these three agents significantly improves the aging resistance of the composite material. Accelerated aging tests show that after 1000 hours of aging, the mechanical property loss rate is ≤10%, with no obvious cracking or discoloration, resulting in a significantly extended service life.

[0027] The composite flame retardant used in this invention is composed of magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite, and pentaerythritol phosphate. Magnesium hydroxide and montmorillonite have excellent flame retardant effects and are environmentally friendly and pollution-free. Pentaerythritol phosphate enhances the synergistic flame retardant effect and improves the flame retardant performance of the composite material. Testing shows that the oxygen index of the composite material of this invention is ≥32%, reaching a flame-retardant level and offering higher safety in use. Furthermore, all raw materials used in this invention are environmentally friendly, containing no formaldehyde or other harmful substances, and no toxic gases are emitted during the preparation process, making it friendly to human health and the environment.

[0028] This invention involves composite modification of hollow glass microspheres. Through the synergistic modification of silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate, the compatibility and interfacial bonding between hollow glass microspheres and polyurethane resin are improved, avoiding the agglomeration of hollow glass microspheres in the composite material and ensuring the uniformity and stability of the composite material's properties.

[0029] The preparation method of this invention is simple, convenient to operate, and highly efficient, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production. By rationally controlling the process parameters of each preparation step, the raw materials can be fully and uniformly mixed to form a dense composite material with excellent performance. Furthermore, the preparation process has low energy consumption and controllable production costs, demonstrating promising market application prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window components, mainly composed of polyurethane resin, modified hollow glass microspheres, aerogel powder, basalt fiber, nano-silica, composite flame retardant, anti-aging agent, coupling agent, lubricant and environmentally friendly plasticizer in a specific mass ratio; the modified hollow glass microspheres are hollow glass microspheres that have been modified by composite treatment with silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate; the composite flame retardant is composed of magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate; the anti-aging agent is composed of ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant and hindered amine light stabilizer.

[0032] It should be noted that this invention, by defining the core raw material system of polyurethane composite materials, uses polyurethane resin as the matrix, combined with functional fillers such as modified hollow glass microspheres and aerogel powder, supplemented with composite flame retardants and composite anti-aging agents, to construct a multi-component synergistic system. The modified hollow glass microspheres, after being modified with silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate, exhibit significantly improved compatibility with the matrix. The composite flame retardant is a compound of magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite, and pentaerythritol phosphate, combining physical and chemical flame retardant mechanisms. The composite anti-aging agent, through a combination of ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, and hindered amine light stabilizers, specifically resists different types of aging factors. The raw materials are combined according to a specific logic to form a structurally stable and complementary composite material system, ensuring the synergistic realization of core functions such as cold insulation, mechanical support, flame retardant protection, and aging resistance from the source.

[0033] This invention achieves synergistic optimization of multiple properties of composite materials through the scientific combination of core raw materials and the structural design of key components. The modified hollow glass microspheres and aerogel powder work synergistically to significantly reduce the material's thermal conductivity and improve its cold-proof and heat-insulating effects. The introduction of composite flame retardants significantly improves the material's flame retardancy rating and enhances its safety without affecting other properties. Composite anti-aging agents effectively delay the aging process of the material in the natural environment, extending its service life. Simultaneously, all raw materials are selected as environmentally friendly components to avoid the release of harmful substances, balancing performance and environmental requirements, and adapting to the long-term use needs of door and window components in the construction field.

[0034] In some embodiments, the mass fractions of each raw material are: 30 to 50 parts polyurethane resin, 10 to 20 parts modified hollow glass microspheres, 5 to 12 parts aerogel powder, 3 to 8 parts basalt fiber, 2 to 6 parts nano silica, 1 to 4 parts composite flame retardant, 0.5 to 2 parts anti-aging agent, 0.3 to 1.5 parts coupling agent, 0.2 to 1 part lubricant, and 1 to 3 parts environmentally friendly plasticizer.

[0035] It should be noted that this invention precisely controls the ratio of polyurethane resin to functional fillers and additives, ensuring that each component functions fully without interference. The proportion of polyurethane resin as the matrix ensures the material possesses basic molding properties and structural stability. The matched proportions of modified hollow glass microspheres and aerogel powder guarantee thermal insulation while avoiding excessive addition that could lead to a decline in mechanical properties. The proportions of composite flame retardants, anti-aging agents, and other additives are controlled within effective ranges, achieving functional enhancement while avoiding resource waste or performance redundancy. This rational combination of raw materials achieves an optimal balance of the composite material's various properties.

[0036] This invention ensures the performance stability of composite materials by limiting the specific mass proportions of each raw material. The different raw materials work synergistically within the defined proportions, ensuring that the cold-proof and heat-insulating performance meets the needs of doors and windows in extremely cold regions, while also guaranteeing that the material possesses sufficient compressive and tensile strength to withstand external impacts during daily use. Simultaneously, the reasonable proportions reduce raw material loss during production, control production costs, and meet the precision requirements of industrial production, thus contributing to consistent product quality.

[0037] In some embodiments, the composite flame retardant is prepared by mixing magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate in a mass ratio of (3-5):(1-2):(1-3).

[0038] It should be noted that magnesium hydroxide, as an inorganic flame retardant, decomposes upon heating to release water of crystallization, absorbing heat and diluting flammable gases, forming a physical flame-retardant barrier; montmorillonite, with its layered structure, forms a dense char layer upon heating, blocking heat transfer and oxygen contact; pentaerythritol phosphate, as an organic flame retardant, decomposes upon heating to produce phosphoric acid substances, catalyzing the char formation of the matrix and inhibiting the generation of flammable gases, thus achieving a chemical flame-retardant effect. When these three are combined in a specific ratio, the physical and chemical flame-retardant mechanisms synergistically complement each other, forming a comprehensive flame-retardant protection system and improving flame-retardant efficiency.

[0039] This invention optimizes the formulation of composite flame retardants, significantly improving the oxygen index of the composite material to achieve a flame-retardant rating. This effectively reduces the combustion risk of door and window components in fire scenarios, ensuring building safety. Magnesium hydroxide and montmorillonite are both environmentally friendly inorganic flame retardants with no toxic gas release. The addition of pentaerythritol phosphate enhances the synergistic flame-retardant effect and avoids material performance degradation caused by excessive addition of a single flame retardant. This formulation ensures both flame-retardant effectiveness and considers the material's mechanical properties and environmental friendliness, meeting the safety and environmental requirements for building materials.

[0040] In some embodiments, the anti-aging agent is prepared by mixing ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 1010 and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 in a mass ratio of (2-4):(1-3):(1-2).

[0041] It should be noted that UV absorber UV-327 selectively absorbs ultraviolet rays from sunlight, converting light energy into heat and preventing UV damage to polymer molecular chains; antioxidant 1010 captures free radicals generated during material oxidation, inhibiting oxidation chain reactions and delaying oxidative aging; hindered amine light stabilizer 770 decomposes peroxides generated by UV irradiation and regenerates other anti-aging components, enhancing the continuous protective capability of the anti-aging system. These three components, combined in specific proportions, target different aging mechanisms such as UV aging and oxidative aging, forming a synergistic protective network to comprehensively resist the erosion of materials by the natural environment.

[0042] This invention significantly improves the aging resistance of composite materials by scientifically proportioning a compound anti-aging agent. After accelerated aging tests, the loss rate of mechanical properties of the material is greatly reduced, and there are no obvious cracks or discoloration in appearance. The synergistic effect of the anti-aging system extends the service life of door and window components, reduces later maintenance and replacement costs, and avoids the weakening of cold and heat insulation effects caused by the decline in material performance after aging, ensuring that door and window components can stably perform their energy-saving function for a long time.

[0043] In some embodiments, the modified hollow glass microspheres are prepared by: drying hollow glass microspheres, mixing them with silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate at a mass ratio of 1:(0.02~0.05):(0.01~0.03), modifying them for 30min~60min at 80℃~100℃ and a rotation speed of 800r / min~1200r / min, and then cooling and sieving to obtain the product.

[0044] In practice, the insulating glass microspheres are first dried to remove surface moisture, creating conditions for subsequent modification. Then, the dried microspheres are mixed with silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate in a specific ratio. Modification is then performed at a temperature of 80°C to 100°C and a rotation speed of 800 r / min to 1200 r / min. The functional groups of the silane coupling agent react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the microspheres to form chemical bonds, improving its compatibility with polyurethane resin. Polyethylene glycol distearate acts as a dispersant, preventing microsphere aggregation. Finally, the microspheres are cooled and sieved to obtain modified insulating glass microspheres with uniform particle size. This preparation method, through steps such as drying, high-temperature high-speed mixing, and sieving, ensures thorough and uniform modification. The modified insulating glass microspheres are uniformly dispersed in the polyurethane matrix, avoiding uneven thermal insulation performance and decreased mechanical properties caused by aggregation. The composite modification of silane coupling agent and polyethylene glycol distearate not only improves the interfacial bonding force between microspheres and the matrix, but also optimizes their dispersibility, allowing the thermal insulation performance of insulating glass microspheres to be fully utilized. At the same time, it enhances the structural stability of the composite material and improves its compressive and tensile strength.

[0045] In some embodiments, the hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 10μm to 50μm, a hollowness of ≥85%, and a density of 0.2g / cm³ to 0.4g / cm³.

[0046] It should be noted that the particle size range of 10μm to 50μm for the insulating glass microspheres ensures that the microspheres are uniformly dispersed in the polyurethane resin. This prevents agglomeration due to excessively small particle size, and avoids compromising the structural density of the composite material due to excessively large particle size. A hollow ratio of ≥85% ensures the formation of an effective vacuum insulation cavity within the microspheres, hindering heat conduction and convection and improving the insulation effect. A density of 0.2g / cm³ to 0.4g / cm³ makes the microspheres lightweight, avoiding excessive overall weight of the composite material due to increased addition, thus meeting the lightweight requirements of door and window components. Specific particle size, hollow ratio, and density parameters allow the insulating glass microspheres to fully exert their insulation function in the composite material without negatively impacting the material's molding and mechanical properties. Uniform particle size distribution ensures consistent composite material performance, while the high hollow ratio significantly reduces the material's thermal conductivity. The lightweight density facilitates the installation of door and window components and reduces the overall building load. This parameter design ensures that the performance advantages of the insulating glass microspheres are highly compatible with the usage requirements of door and window components, enhancing the comprehensive application value of the composite material.

[0047] In some embodiments, the aerogel powder is silica aerogel powder with a specific surface area of ​​600 m² / g to 800 m² / g and a pore size of 20 nm to 50 nm; the basalt fiber has a diameter of 5 μm to 15 μm, a length of 1 mm to 5 mm, and a tensile strength ≥3500 MPa; the nano-silica has a particle size of 20 nm to 50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​150 m² / g to 250 m² / g.

[0048] It should be noted that the silica aerogel powder, with a specific surface area of ​​600 m² / g to 800 m² / g and a pore size of 20 nm to 50 nm, possesses an extremely low thermal conductivity, effectively blocking heat transfer. The basalt fibers, with a diameter of 5 μm to 15 μm, a length of 1 mm to 5 mm, and a tensile strength of ≥3500 MPa, form a supporting network in the composite material, enhancing its mechanical properties. The nano-silica, with a particle size of 20 nm to 50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​150 m² / g to 250 m² / g, can fill the voids between the matrix and other fillers, improving the material's structural density and providing reinforcement. The parameters of each component are matched to ensure that they each perform their respective functions in the composite material, synergistically improving its performance. The high specific surface area and low pore size of aerogel powder enhance the cold-proof and thermal insulation performance of the composite material, while the high strength parameters of basalt fiber significantly improve the material's compressive, tensile, and impact strength. The small particle size and high specific surface area of ​​nano-silica optimize the material's structural density and mechanical stability. The parameter design of these three elements enables the composite material to achieve excellent thermal insulation while meeting the structural strength requirements of door and window components, avoiding overall performance imbalance caused by pursuing a single performance characteristic, and adapting to door and window usage scenarios in different environments.

[0049] In some embodiments, the coupling agent is one or two of silane coupling agent KH-560 and silane coupling agent KH-570 mixed in any proportion; the lubricant is one or two of zinc stearate and calcium stearate mixed in any proportion; and the environmentally friendly plasticizer is one or two of tributyl citrate and epoxidized soybean oil mixed in any proportion.

[0050] It should be noted that silane coupling agents KH-560 and KH-570 can improve the interfacial bonding force between inorganic fillers and the organic matrix, enhancing the structural stability of the composite material. Zinc stearate and calcium stearate, as lubricants, can reduce frictional resistance during material processing and improve molding flowability. Tributyl citrate and epoxidized soybean oil, as environmentally friendly plasticizers, can improve the flexibility of the material and prevent brittleness after molding. These additives are all environmentally friendly products and have good compatibility with other raw materials, performing their functional functions without introducing harmful substances. The selection of coupling agents enhances the bonding force between the filler and the matrix, reduces interfacial defects, and improves the mechanical properties and durability of the composite material. The addition of lubricants optimizes the processing performance of the material, reduces energy consumption and equipment wear during extrusion and injection molding, and improves production efficiency. The use of environmentally friendly plasticizers improves the flexibility and crack resistance of the material, extends the service life of door and window components, and avoids the environmental hazards associated with traditional plasticizers. This additive selection scheme takes into account processing performance, performance in use, and environmental requirements, providing a guarantee for the industrial production and practical application of composite materials.

[0051] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat-insulating door and window components, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1: Heat and melt the polyurethane resin, then stir.

[0053] S2: Add coupling agent and mix;

[0054] S3: Add the remaining raw materials in sequence, heat and increase the speed of stirring to obtain a mixture;

[0055] S4: Extrusion granulation;

[0056] S5: Injection molding.

[0057] In practice, the polyurethane resin is first heated and melted, then stirred to form a homogeneous matrix system. A coupling agent is then added and mixed, ensuring its uniform dispersion within the matrix, preparing for subsequent filler addition and bonding. Next, various functional fillers and additives are added sequentially, with increased temperature and rotation speed promoting thorough mixing and achieving uniform dispersion at the molecular level. The mixture is then extruded and granulated using a twin-screw extruder to form dense granules, facilitating subsequent molding. Finally, injection molding is used to process the granular material into the required shape for door and window components. Each step is interconnected, ensuring uniform raw material mixing and excellent molding results. This preparation method features a clear process flow, convenient operation, and suitability for large-scale industrial production. The step-by-step mixing method avoids uneven mixing caused by the simultaneous addition of multiple raw materials. The combination of heating and stirring with high-speed stirring promotes interfacial bonding between components. The extrusion granulation process improves the material's density and uniformity, while the injection molding step ensures the product precisely matches the structural requirements of door and window components. The entire preparation process has low energy consumption and high production efficiency, and can stably produce composite material products with uniform performance and reliable quality, reducing production costs while ensuring product quality.

[0058] In some embodiments, the temperature of step S1 is 60℃~80℃, the rotation speed is 300r / min~500r / min, and the stirring time is 10min~20min; the temperature of step S2 is 60℃~80℃, the rotation speed is 300r / min~500r / min, and the stirring time is 15min~25min; the temperature of step S3 is 85℃~100℃, the rotation speed is 600r / min~900r / min, and the stirring time is 40min~60min; the extrusion temperature of step S4 is 160℃~190℃, and the screw rotation speed is 200r / min~300r / min; the injection temperature of step S5 is 170℃~200℃, and the injection pressure is 80MPa~120MPa.

[0059] It should be noted that the temperature, rotation speed, and stirring time in steps S1 and S2 ensure that the polyurethane resin is fully melted and the coupling agent is uniformly dispersed; the high-temperature and high-speed stirring parameters in step S3 promote the deep integration of functional fillers and the matrix, avoiding agglomeration; the extrusion temperature and screw speed in step S4 match the melting characteristics of the material, ensuring smooth extrusion granulation and stable particle quality; the injection temperature and pressure parameters in step S5 are adapted to the molding requirements of the composite material, ensuring complete product molding, dense structure, and absence of defects such as bubbles and cracks. The mutual matching of these parameters forms an optimized process system, ensuring the stability and controllability of the preparation process. Specific process parameters provide a guarantee for the performance of the composite material. By precisely controlling the temperature, rotation speed, and time, the role of each raw material is fully utilized, avoiding performance degradation caused by improper process parameters. Optimized process parameters improve the stability of the production process, reduce the generation of defective products, increase production efficiency, and reduce production costs. Simultaneously, the adapted process parameters ensure that the composite material has a dense structure and uniform performance after molding, enabling it to stably perform its core functions such as cold insulation, heat insulation, and mechanical support over a long period, meeting the performance requirements of door and window components in different usage environments.

[0060] The present invention will be further described below with reference to several embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] A polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation in door and window components is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts polyurethane resin, 15 parts modified hollow glass microspheres, 8 parts aerogel powder, 5 parts basalt fiber, 4 parts nano silica, 2.5 parts composite flame retardant, 1.2 parts anti-aging agent, 0.8 parts coupling agent, 0.5 parts lubricant and 2 parts environmentally friendly plasticizer;

[0063] The modified hollow glass microspheres are hollow glass microspheres that have been modified by a composite treatment of silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate.

[0064] The composite flame retardant is prepared by mixing magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite, and pentaerythritol phosphate in a mass ratio of 4:1.5:2.

[0065] The anti-aging agent is prepared by mixing ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 1010 and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 in a mass ratio of 3:2:1.5;

[0066] The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH-560;

[0067] The lubricant is zinc stearate;

[0068] The environmentally friendly plasticizer is tributyl citrate.

[0069] The method for preparing the modified hollow glass microspheres is as follows:

[0070] 1) Take hollow glass microspheres (particle size 10μm~50μm, hollowness ≥85%, density 0.2g / cm³~0.4g / cm³), put them in an oven, dry them at 110℃ for 3h to remove moisture, cool them to room temperature, and obtain the dried hollow glass microspheres.

[0071] 2) Add the dried hollow glass microspheres, silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate to a high-speed mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.03:0.02, and mix for 45 minutes at 90℃ and 1000 r / min to carry out the modification treatment.

[0072] 3) After modification, the product is cooled to room temperature and passed through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain modified hollow glass microspheres.

[0073] The aerogel powder is silica aerogel powder with a specific surface area of ​​600 m² / g to 800 m² / g and a pore size of 20 nm to 50 nm; the basalt fiber has a diameter of 5 μm to 15 μm, a length of 1 mm to 5 mm, and a tensile strength ≥3500 MPa; the nano-silica has a particle size of 20 nm to 50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​150 m² / g to 250 m² / g.

[0074] The preparation method of the above-mentioned polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window components includes the following steps:

[0075] S1: Add polyurethane resin to the mixing tank according to the mass fraction, heat to 70℃, and stir for 15 minutes at a speed of 400 r / min to make the polyurethane resin melt evenly.

[0076] S2: Add coupling agent to the stirred tank and continue stirring for 20 minutes at 70℃ and 400r / min to fully mix the coupling agent with the polyurethane resin.

[0077] S3: According to the mass fractions, add modified hollow glass microspheres, aerogel powder, basalt fiber, nano silica, composite flame retardant, anti-aging agent, lubricant and environmentally friendly plasticizer to the mixing vessel in sequence, heat to 90℃, increase the rotation speed to 750r / min, stir for 50min, and obtain the mixture.

[0078] S4: The mixture is fed into a twin-screw extruder and extruded and granulated at an extrusion temperature of 175℃ and a screw speed of 250r / min to obtain granular polyurethane composite material.

[0079] S5: The granular polyurethane composite material is fed into the injection molding machine and injection molded into the required shape for the door and window components under the conditions of injection temperature of 185℃ and injection pressure of 100MPa, so as to obtain the finished polyurethane composite material for cold protection and heat insulation of door and window components.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] A polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation in door and window components is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts polyurethane resin, 10 parts modified insulating glass microspheres, 5 parts aerogel powder, 3 parts basalt fiber, 2 parts nano silica, 1 part composite flame retardant, 0.5 parts anti-aging agent, 0.3 parts coupling agent, 0.2 parts lubricant and 1 part environmentally friendly plasticizer;

[0082] The modified hollow glass microspheres are hollow glass microspheres that have been modified by a composite treatment of silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate.

[0083] The composite flame retardant is prepared by mixing magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate in a mass ratio of 3:1:1.

[0084] The anti-aging agent is prepared by mixing ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 1010 and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0085] The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH-570;

[0086] The lubricant is calcium stearate;

[0087] The environmentally friendly plasticizer is epoxidized soybean oil.

[0088] The method for preparing the modified hollow glass microspheres is as follows:

[0089] 1) Take hollow glass microspheres (particle size 10μm~50μm, hollowness ≥85%, density 0.2g / cm³~0.4g / cm³), put them in an oven, dry them at 105℃ for 2h to remove moisture, cool them to room temperature, and obtain the dried hollow glass microspheres.

[0090] 2) Add the dried hollow glass microspheres, silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate to a high-speed mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.02:0.01, and mix for 30 minutes at 80℃ and 800 r / min to carry out the modification treatment.

[0091] 3) After modification, the product is cooled to room temperature and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified hollow glass microspheres.

[0092] The aerogel powder is silica aerogel powder with a specific surface area of ​​600 m² / g to 800 m² / g and a pore size of 20 nm to 50 nm; the basalt fiber has a diameter of 5 μm to 15 μm, a length of 1 mm to 5 mm, and a tensile strength ≥3500 MPa; the nano-silica has a particle size of 20 nm to 50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​150 m² / g to 250 m² / g.

[0093] The preparation method of the above-mentioned polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window components includes the following steps:

[0094] S1: Add polyurethane resin to the mixing tank according to the mass fraction, heat to 60℃, and stir for 10 minutes at a speed of 300 r / min to make the polyurethane resin melt evenly.

[0095] S2: Add coupling agent to the stirred tank and continue stirring for 15 minutes at 60℃ and 300r / min to fully mix the coupling agent with the polyurethane resin.

[0096] S3: According to the mass fractions, add modified hollow glass microspheres, aerogel powder, basalt fiber, nano silica, composite flame retardant, anti-aging agent, lubricant and environmentally friendly plasticizer to the mixing vessel in sequence, heat to 85℃, increase the rotation speed to 600r / min, stir for 40min, and obtain the mixture.

[0097] S4: The mixture is fed into a twin-screw extruder and extruded and granulated at an extrusion temperature of 160℃ and a screw speed of 200r / min to obtain granular polyurethane composite material.

[0098] S5: The granular polyurethane composite material is fed into the injection molding machine and injection molded into the required shape for the door and window components under the conditions of injection temperature of 170℃ and injection pressure of 80MPa, so as to obtain the finished polyurethane composite material for cold protection and heat insulation of door and window components.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] A polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation in door and window components is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts polyurethane resin, 20 parts modified insulating glass microspheres, 12 parts aerogel powder, 8 parts basalt fiber, 6 parts nano silica, 4 parts composite flame retardant, 2 parts anti-aging agent, 1.5 parts coupling agent, 1 part lubricant and 3 parts environmentally friendly plasticizer.

[0101] The modified hollow glass microspheres are hollow glass microspheres that have been modified by a composite treatment of silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate.

[0102] The composite flame retardant is prepared by mixing magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate in a mass ratio of 5:2:3.

[0103] The anti-aging agent is prepared by mixing ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 1010 and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 in a mass ratio of 4:3:2.

[0104] The coupling agent is a mixture of silane coupling agent KH-560 and silane coupling agent KH-570 in a mass ratio of 1:1;

[0105] The lubricant is a mixture of zinc stearate and calcium stearate in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0106] The environmentally friendly plasticizer is a mixture of tributyl citrate and epoxidized soybean oil in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0107] The method for preparing the modified hollow glass microspheres is as follows:

[0108] 1) Take hollow glass microspheres (particle size 10μm~50μm, hollowness ≥85%, density 0.2g / cm³~0.4g / cm³), put them in an oven, dry them at 120℃ for 4h to remove moisture, cool them to room temperature, and obtain dried hollow glass microspheres.

[0109] 2) Add the dried hollow glass microspheres, silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate to a high-speed mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.05:0.03, and mix for 60 minutes at 100℃ and 1200 r / min to carry out the modification treatment.

[0110] 3) After modification, the product is cooled to room temperature and passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain modified hollow glass microspheres.

[0111] The aerogel powder is silica aerogel powder with a specific surface area of ​​600 m² / g to 800 m² / g and a pore size of 20 nm to 50 nm; the basalt fiber has a diameter of 5 μm to 15 μm, a length of 1 mm to 5 mm, and a tensile strength ≥3500 MPa; the nano-silica has a particle size of 20 nm to 50 nm and a specific surface area of ​​150 m² / g to 250 m² / g.

[0112] The preparation method of the above-mentioned polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window components includes the following steps:

[0113] S1: Add polyurethane resin to the mixing tank according to the mass fraction, heat to 80℃, and stir for 20 minutes at a speed of 500 r / min to make the polyurethane resin melt evenly.

[0114] S2: Add coupling agent to the stirred tank and continue stirring for 25 minutes at 80℃ and 500r / min to fully mix the coupling agent with the polyurethane resin.

[0115] S3: According to the mass fractions, add modified hollow glass microspheres, aerogel powder, basalt fiber, nano silica, composite flame retardant, anti-aging agent, lubricant and environmentally friendly plasticizer to the mixing vessel in sequence, heat to 100℃, increase the rotation speed to 900r / min, stir for 60min, and obtain the mixture.

[0116] S4: The mixture is fed into a twin-screw extruder and extruded and granulated at an extrusion temperature of 190℃ and a screw speed of 300r / min to obtain granular polyurethane composite material.

[0117] S5: The granular polyurethane composite material is fed into the injection molding machine and injection molded into the required shape for the door and window components under the conditions of injection temperature of 200℃ and injection pressure of 120MPa, so as to obtain the finished polyurethane composite material for cold protection and heat insulation of door and window components.

[0118] Example 4

[0119] A polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation in door and window components is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts polyurethane resin, 12 parts modified hollow glass microspheres, 6 parts aerogel powder, 4 parts basalt fiber, 3 parts nano silica, 1.5 parts composite flame retardant, 0.8 parts anti-aging agent, 0.5 parts coupling agent, 0.3 parts lubricant and 1.5 parts environmentally friendly plasticizer;

[0120] The modified hollow glass microspheres are hollow glass microspheres that have been modified by a composite treatment of silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate.

[0121] The composite flame retardant is prepared by mixing magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite, and pentaerythritol phosphate in a mass ratio of 3.5:1.2:1.5.

[0122] The anti-aging agent is prepared by mixing ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 1010 and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:1.2.

[0123] The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH-560;

[0124] The lubricant is zinc stearate;

[0125] The environmentally friendly plasticizer is epoxidized soybean oil.

[0126] The preparation method of the modified hollow glass microspheres is the same as in Example 1; the parameters of the aerogel powder, basalt fiber, and nano silica are the same as in Example 1.

[0127] The preparation method of the above-mentioned polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window components includes the following steps:

[0128] S1: Add polyurethane resin to the mixing tank according to the mass fraction, heat to 65℃, and stir for 12 minutes at a speed of 350 r / min to make the polyurethane resin melt evenly.

[0129] S2: Add coupling agent to the stirred tank and continue stirring at 65℃ and 350r / min for 18min to fully mix the coupling agent with the polyurethane resin.

[0130] S3: According to the mass fractions, add modified hollow glass microspheres, aerogel powder, basalt fiber, nano silica, composite flame retardant, anti-aging agent, lubricant and environmentally friendly plasticizer to the mixing vessel in sequence, heat to 88℃, increase the rotation speed to 650r / min, stir for 45min to obtain the mixture.

[0131] S4: The mixture is fed into a twin-screw extruder and extruded and granulated at an extrusion temperature of 165℃ and a screw speed of 220r / min to obtain granular polyurethane composite material.

[0132] S5: The granular polyurethane composite material is fed into the injection molding machine and injection molded into the required shape for the door and window components under the conditions of injection temperature of 175℃ and injection pressure of 90MPa, so as to obtain the finished polyurethane composite material for cold protection and heat insulation of door and window components.

[0133] Example 5

[0134] A polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation in door and window components is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts polyurethane resin, 18 parts modified insulating glass microspheres, 10 parts aerogel powder, 7 parts basalt fiber, 5 parts nano silica, 3 parts composite flame retardant, 1.5 parts anti-aging agent, 1.2 parts coupling agent, 0.8 parts lubricant and 2.5 parts environmentally friendly plasticizer;

[0135] The modified hollow glass microspheres are hollow glass microspheres that have been modified by a composite treatment of silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate.

[0136] The composite flame retardant is prepared by mixing magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite, and pentaerythritol phosphate in a mass ratio of 4.5:1.8:2.5.

[0137] The anti-aging agent is prepared by mixing ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 1010 and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 in a mass ratio of 3.5:2.5:1.8;

[0138] The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH-570;

[0139] The lubricant is calcium stearate;

[0140] The environmentally friendly plasticizer is tributyl citrate.

[0141] The preparation method of the modified hollow glass microspheres is the same as in Example 1; the parameters of the aerogel powder, basalt fiber, and nano silica are the same as in Example 1.

[0142] The preparation method of the above-mentioned polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window components includes the following steps:

[0143] S1: Add polyurethane resin to the mixing tank according to the mass fraction, heat to 75℃, and stir for 18 minutes at a speed of 450 r / min to make the polyurethane resin melt evenly.

[0144] S2: Add coupling agent to the stirred tank and continue stirring at 75℃ and 450r / min for 22min to fully mix the coupling agent with the polyurethane resin.

[0145] S3: According to the mass fractions, add modified hollow glass microspheres, aerogel powder, basalt fiber, nano silica, composite flame retardant, anti-aging agent, lubricant and environmentally friendly plasticizer to the mixing vessel in sequence, heat to 95℃, increase the rotation speed to 850r / min, stir for 55min to obtain the mixture.

[0146] S4: The mixture is fed into a twin-screw extruder and extruded and granulated at an extrusion temperature of 185℃ and a screw speed of 280r / min to obtain granular polyurethane composite material.

[0147] S5: The granular polyurethane composite material is fed into the injection molding machine and injection molded into the required shape for the door and window components under the conditions of injection temperature of 195℃ and injection pressure of 110MPa, so as to obtain the finished polyurethane composite material for cold protection and heat insulation of door and window components.

[0148] Comparative Example 1

[0149] The hollow glass microspheres were not modified; unmodified hollow glass microspheres were used directly. Other raw materials, mass fractions, and preparation methods were the same as in Example 1.

[0150] Comparative Example 2

[0151] No aerogel powder was added; the mass fraction of aerogel powder was replaced with polyurethane resin. Other raw materials, mass fractions, and preparation methods were the same as in Example 1.

[0152] Comparative Example 3

[0153] Basalt fiber and nano-silica were not added. The mass fractions of basalt fiber and nano-silica were replaced by polyurethane resin. Other raw materials, mass fractions, and preparation methods were the same as in Example 1.

[0154] Comparative Example 4

[0155] The anti-aging agent used is only UV absorber UV-327, and the other raw materials, mass fractions, and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0156] Comparative Example 5

[0157] The composite flame retardant uses only magnesium hydroxide, and the other raw materials, mass fractions, and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0158] Comparative Example 6

[0159] Commercially available polyurethane composite materials commonly used in door and window components.

[0160] Performance testing

[0161] The composite materials prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests. The test items and test methods are as follows:

[0162] Thermal conductivity: Tested according to GB / T10294-2008 "Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties of thermal insulation materials - protective hot plate method";

[0163] Compressive strength: Tested according to GB / T1041-2008 "Determination of compressive properties of plastics";

[0164] Tensile strength: Tested in accordance with GB / T1040.1-2006 "Determination of tensile properties of plastics - Part 1: General".

[0165] Impact strength: Tested according to GB / T1843-2008 "Determination of impact strength of plastic cantilever beams";

[0166] Oxygen index: Tested according to GB / T2406.2-2009 "Determination of flammability by oxygen index method for plastics - Part 2: Room temperature test";

[0167] Aging resistance: Artificial accelerated aging test was conducted according to GB / T16422.2-2014 "Laboratory Light Source Exposure Test Method for Plastics Part 2: Xenon Arc Lamp" for 1000 hours, and the tensile strength loss rate before and after aging was tested.

[0168] The test results are shown in the table below:

[0169]

[0170] The test results above show that the polyurethane composite materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 of this invention have excellent cold-proof and heat-insulating properties, mechanical properties, flame retardant properties, and aging resistance. Compared with the comparative examples, the thermal conductivity of the examples is lower, indicating that their cold-proof and heat-insulating effects are better; their compressive strength, tensile strength, and impact strength are higher, indicating stronger structural stability; their oxygen index is higher, indicating better flame retardant properties; and their tensile strength loss rate is lower, indicating better aging resistance.

[0171] Comparative Example 1, lacking modification treatment of the hollow glass microspheres, exhibited poor compatibility with the polyurethane resin, leading to agglomeration and increased thermal conductivity of the composite material, resulting in decreased mechanical properties. Comparative Example 2, without the addition of aerogel powder, showed significantly deteriorated thermal insulation performance and a substantial increase in thermal conductivity. Comparative Example 3, lacking the addition of basalt fiber and nano-silica, resulted in a significant reduction in the mechanical properties of the composite material. Comparative Example 4, using only a single ultraviolet absorber as an anti-aging agent, exhibited poor aging resistance and a high rate of tensile strength loss after aging. Comparative Example 5, using only magnesium hydroxide as a flame retardant, showed poor flame retardant effect and a low oxygen index. Comparative Example 6, a commercially available conventional product, showed significantly inferior performance compared to the embodiments of this invention.

[0172] In summary, the polyurethane composite material of the present invention, through reasonable formulation design and specific preparation process, achieves synergistic optimization of cold-proof and heat-insulating performance, mechanical properties, flame retardant properties and aging resistance, which can meet the usage requirements of door and window components in different environments and has broad application prospects.

[0173] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for helping to understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation in door and window components, characterized in that, It is mainly composed of polyurethane resin, modified hollow glass microspheres, aerogel powder, basalt fiber, nano-silica, composite flame retardant, anti-aging agent, coupling agent, lubricant and environmentally friendly plasticizer in a specific mass ratio; the modified hollow glass microspheres are hollow glass microspheres that have been modified by composite treatment of silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate; the composite flame retardant is composed of magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate; the anti-aging agent is composed of ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant and hindered amine light stabilizer.

2. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass fractions of each raw material are as follows: 30-50 parts polyurethane resin, 10-20 parts modified hollow glass microspheres, 5-12 parts aerogel powder, 3-8 parts basalt fiber, 2-6 parts nano silica, 1-4 parts composite flame retardant, 0.5-2 parts anti-aging agent, 0.3-1.5 parts coupling agent, 0.2-1 part lubricant, and 1-3 parts environmentally friendly plasticizer.

3. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite flame retardant is prepared by mixing magnesium hydroxide, montmorillonite and pentaerythritol phosphate in a mass ratio of (3-5):(1-2):(1-3).

4. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-aging agent is prepared by mixing ultraviolet absorber UV-327, antioxidant 1010 and hindered amine light stabilizer 770 in a mass ratio of (2-4):(1-3):(1-2).

5. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified hollow glass microspheres are prepared as follows: after drying, the hollow glass microspheres are mixed with silane coupling agent KH-550 and polyethylene glycol distearate at a mass ratio of 1:(0.02~0.05):(0.01~0.03), and modified for 30min~60min at 80℃~100℃ and rotation speed of 800r / min~1200r / min. After cooling, the mixture is sieved to obtain the final product.

6. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hollow glass microspheres have a particle size of 10μm to 50μm, a hollowness of ≥85%, and a density of 0.2g / cm³ to 0.4g / cm³.

7. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerogel powder is silica aerogel powder with a specific surface area of ​​600m² / g to 800m² / g and a pore size of 20nm to 50nm; the basalt fiber has a diameter of 5μm to 15μm, a length of 1mm to 5mm, and a tensile strength ≥3500MPa; the nano-silica has a particle size of 20nm to 50nm and a specific surface area of ​​150m² / g to 250m² / g.

8. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling agent is one or two of silane coupling agents KH-560 and KH-570 mixed in any proportion; the lubricant is one or two of zinc stearate and calcium stearate mixed in any proportion; the environmentally friendly plasticizer is one or two of tributyl citrate and epoxidized soybean oil mixed in any proportion.

9. A method for preparing the polyurethane composite material for cold-proofing and heat insulation of door and window components as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Heat and melt the polyurethane resin, then stir. S2: Add coupling agent and mix; S3: Add the remaining raw materials in sequence, heat and increase the speed of stirring to obtain a mixture; S4: Extrusion granulation; S5: Injection molding.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The temperature of step S1 is 60℃~80℃, the rotation speed is 300r / min~500r / min, and the stirring time is 10min~20min; the temperature of step S2 is 60℃~80℃, the rotation speed is 300r / min~500r / min, and the stirring time is 15min~25min; the temperature of step S3 is 85℃~100℃, the rotation speed is 600r / min~900r / min, and the stirring time is 40min~60min; the extrusion temperature of step S4 is 160℃~190℃, and the screw speed is 200r / min~300r / min; the injection temperature of step S5 is 170℃~200℃, and the injection pressure is 80MPa~120MPa.

Images