Ventilation roadbed wind collecting device and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of frozen soil roadbed ventilation regulation and control, and discloses a ventilation roadbed wind collecting device which comprises a wind guide channel, a wind collecting device and a wind collecting device, and the outlet end of the wind guide channel is used for communicating with a ventilation structure in a roadbed body; the air collecting cover is rotatably arranged at the inlet end of the air guide channel around the axial direction of the air guide channel; the wind collecting cover is provided with an opening used for collecting natural wind, and the included angle between the direction of the opening and the extending direction of the roadbed body is an acute angle. Through the arrangement, the device can effectively collect natural wind from different directions, so that the air inlet efficiency of the ventilation roadbed under the variable wind direction condition is improved, and the thermal stability of the roadbed is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ventilation control technology for frozen soil roadbeds, and specifically to a ventilation roadbed air collection device and system. Background Technology

[0002] In road engineering in permafrost regions, the subgrade structure is constantly affected by freeze-thaw cycles and ground temperature changes. Permafrost degradation can lead to engineering problems such as decreased foundation bearing capacity, uneven settlement, and pavement structure damage. To mitigate permafrost degradation and maintain the long-term stability of the subgrade structure, ventilation structures, such as ventilation ducts or ventilated crushed stone layers, are typically installed inside the subgrade in engineering practice. These structures utilize the heat exchange between the low-temperature air and the subgrade to reduce the temperature of the subgrade and the underlying soil.

[0003] Existing ventilated roadbeds largely rely on natural environmental conditions for airflow, and their ventilation effectiveness depends primarily on external wind speed, direction, and temperature. Commonly used ventilation structures typically employ straight-through ducts or simple flared openings at the air inlet, with the openings oriented perpendicular to the roadbed's direction and aligned with the ventilation duct's axis. This approach effectively collects only natural wind blowing along the duct's axis. However, in real-world engineering environments, the direction of natural wind frequently changes, especially when it forms an angle with or is parallel to the roadbed's direction—that is, lateral wind perpendicular to the duct's axis. Existing straight-through ducts struggle to effectively collect this wind, leading to a significant reduction in intake efficiency and consequently affecting the ventilated roadbed's ability to regulate ground temperature. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies or defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a ventilation roadbed air collection device that effectively collects natural wind from different directions, thereby improving the air intake efficiency of the ventilation roadbed under varying wind direction conditions and thus enhancing the thermal stability of the roadbed.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a ventilation roadbed air collection device, comprising: an air guide channel, the outlet end of which is used to communicate with the ventilation structure inside the roadbed body; A wind collection hood is rotatably disposed at the inlet end of the air guide channel about the axial direction of the air guide channel; the wind collection hood has an opening for collecting natural wind, and the angle between the orientation of the opening and the extension direction of the roadbed body is an acute angle.

[0006] Furthermore, the air collecting hood has an arc-shaped wall surface, and its cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the open end to the end connected to the air guide channel.

[0007] Furthermore, the air collecting hood is rotatably connected to the inlet end of the air guide channel via a slide rail.

[0008] Furthermore, the opening edge of the air collecting hood is provided with an arc-shaped guide ring that extends circumferentially along the opening and bends into the air collecting hood, which is used to guide the airflow that flows into the opening but does not enter the air guiding channel back into the air collecting hood.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner wall of the air collecting hood is provided with air guiding ribs extending from the opening to the inlet end of the air guiding channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the air guide channel is provided with spiral blades extending along the axial direction of the air guide channel; The cross-sectional area of ​​the air guide channel gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

[0011] Furthermore, the outlet end of the air guide channel is provided with a central air outlet coaxial with the air guide channel, and the central air outlet connects the air guide channel and the ventilation structure; an air guide valve is provided inside the central air outlet, and the air guide valve includes multiple valve blades that can rotate around the axial direction of the air guide channel; the air guide valve is used to adjust the effective ventilation area of ​​the central air outlet by changing the rotation angle of the valve blades.

[0012] Furthermore, the air collection device also includes a reverse air channel; the reverse air channel is connected to the ventilation structure inside the roadbed body, and the reverse air channel is arranged in parallel with the air guide channel.

[0013] The present invention also provides a ventilation roadbed air collection system, comprising: Ventilation structure, installed inside the main roadbed structure; The aforementioned ventilation roadbed air collection device is located on the outside of the main roadbed body and is connected to the ventilation structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the ventilation structure consists of multiple ventilation ducts spaced apart along the roadbed; each ventilation duct has an air collection device at both ends.

[0015] The ventilation roadbed air collection device using the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention has the following effects: In this embodiment, the outlet end of the air guide channel is connected to the ventilation structure inside the roadbed body to guide the collected natural wind into the roadbed for heat exchange. The air collecting hood, as the air inlet guide component, has an acute angle between its opening and the extension direction of the roadbed body (i.e., the roadbed orientation). The core of this structural design is that when natural wind blows along the roadbed orientation, the airflow can directly enter the air collecting hood along the angle of the opening due to the acute angle between the opening orientation and the roadbed orientation; when natural wind blows at other angles, the inclined opening can also guide some airflow. If a traditional opening perpendicular to the roadbed orientation is used, airflow will be completely unable to enter the duct when the wind direction is parallel to the roadbed orientation, but the acute angle design of this device solves this problem. Furthermore, the air collecting hood is rotatably mounted around the axis of the air guide channel, allowing operators to manually rotate the hood to adjust the opening orientation according to the prevailing seasonal wind direction, aligning the acute angle of the opening with the incoming flow direction, thus achieving effective air collection under different wind conditions throughout the year.

[0016] With the above-mentioned setup, staff can flexibly adjust the orientation of the air collection hood according to seasonal changes or on-site wind direction, significantly improving the device's adaptability to varying wind directions. This design effectively solves the problem that traditional ventilation structures can only collect natural wind blowing along the duct axis and have low air intake efficiency under crosswind conditions, enabling the ventilation roadbed to maintain high air intake efficiency in different wind field environments. This device can effectively collect natural wind from different directions, thereby improving the air intake efficiency of the ventilation roadbed under varying wind direction conditions, and thus enhancing the thermal stability of the roadbed.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is another overall schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a spiral blade in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a guide valve in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a comparative schematic diagram of the air collection effect of conventional circular pipe and ventilation roadbed air collection device under parallel pipe wind direction conditions. Among them, (a) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=0.1s, (b) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=0.3s, and (c) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=1.0s. Figure 7 This is a comparative diagram of the air collection effect of a conventional circular pipe and a ventilation roadbed air collection device under the condition of a 45° wind direction on an inclined pipe. (a) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=0.2s, (b) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=1.0s, and (c) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=2.0s. Figure 8 This is a comparative diagram of the air collection effect of conventional circular pipes and ventilation roadbed air collection devices under vertical pipe wind direction conditions. (a) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=0.2s, (b) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=1.0s, and (c) is the flow field distribution diagram at t=2.0s.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Main roadbed; 2. Ventilation structure; 3. Ventilation roadbed air collection device; 31. Air collection hood; 311. Arc-shaped guide ring; 312. Air guide rib; 313. Slide rail; 32. Air guide channel; 33. Central air outlet; 331. Air guide valve; 3311. Valve blade; 3312. Valve shaft; 34. Reverse air channel. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the orientation in the assembled and used state. "Inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer sides relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of the invention described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the present invention provides a ventilation roadbed air collection device 3, comprising: an air guide channel 32, the outlet end of which is used to communicate with the ventilation structure 2 inside the roadbed body 1; an air collection hood 31, which is rotatably disposed at the inlet end of the air guide channel 32 about the axial direction of the air guide channel 32; the air collection hood 31 has an opening for collecting natural wind, and the angle between the orientation of the opening and the extension direction of the roadbed body 1 is an acute angle.

[0024] In this embodiment, the outlet end of the air guide channel 32 is connected to the ventilation structure 2 inside the roadbed body 1, used to guide the collected natural wind into the roadbed for heat exchange. The air collecting hood 31, as the air inlet guide component, has an acute angle between its opening and the extension direction of the roadbed body 1 (i.e., the roadbed orientation). The core of this structural design is that when natural wind blows along the roadbed orientation, due to the acute angle between the opening orientation and the roadbed orientation, the airflow can directly enter the air collecting hood 31 along the inclined direction of the opening; and when natural wind blows at other angles, the inclined opening can also guide some airflow. If a conventional opening perpendicular to the roadbed orientation is used, under extreme conditions, when the wind direction is parallel to the roadbed orientation, the airflow will be completely unable to enter the pipe, and the design of this device solves this problem. Based on this, the wind collection hood 31 is rotatably set around the air guide channel 32, so that the staff can manually rotate the wind collection hood 31 to adjust the orientation of the opening according to the prevailing wind direction of the local season, and align the acute angle of the opening with the direction of the incoming flow, so as to achieve effective wind collection under different wind field conditions throughout the year.

[0025] With the above-mentioned setup, staff can flexibly adjust the orientation of the air collection hood 31 according to seasonal changes or on-site wind direction, significantly improving the device's adaptability to varying wind directions. This design effectively solves the problem that traditional ventilation structures 2 can only collect natural wind blowing along the duct axis and have low air intake efficiency under crosswind conditions, enabling the ventilation roadbed to maintain high air intake efficiency in different wind environments. This device can effectively collect natural wind from different directions, thereby improving the air intake efficiency of the ventilation roadbed under varying wind direction conditions, and thus enhancing the thermal stability of the roadbed.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the air collecting hood 31 has an arc-shaped wall surface, and its cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the open end toward the end connected to the air guide channel 32.

[0027] In this embodiment, the inner contour of the wind collector hood 31 is frustum-shaped, with an arc-shaped wall surface. The cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the opening end to the end connected to the air guide channel 32. The plane containing the opening end of the wind collector hood 31 forms an acute angle with the axis of the frustum, making the opening orientation acute at the roadbed direction. When natural wind enters the wind collector hood 31 through the inclined opening, the airflow velocity gradually increases and the pressure decreases as the inner wall of the wind collector hood 31 smoothly transitions with an arc shape and the flow cross-section gradually contracts along the airflow direction. Compared to a structure with sharp edges, the arc-shaped wall surface reduces eddies and energy loss during airflow, allowing the airflow to be guided more smoothly to the inlet end of the air guide channel 32. The design of gradually decreasing cross-sectional area allows the wind collector hood 31 to concentrate the airflow captured over a larger area and guide it to the inlet end of the relatively smaller cross-sectional area of ​​the air guide channel 32, thereby reducing the dissipation loss of airflow during its entry into the air guide channel 32 and improving the collection efficiency of natural wind. The above settings increase the air intake of the air collection device under the same wind speed conditions, thereby enhancing the heat exchange capacity of the ventilation roadbed.

[0028] In practical applications, the curved wall of the air collecting hood 31 can be achieved using different curve forms, such as circular arc or elliptical arc, as long as a smooth transition of the cross-sectional area can be achieved. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the opening end to the connection end can be adjusted according to local wind conditions and the size of the air guide channel 32. A larger ratio results in a wider capture range, but the overall size of the air collecting hood 31 will also increase accordingly.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the air collecting hood 31 is rotatably connected to the inlet end of the air guiding channel 32 via a slide rail 313.

[0030] In this embodiment, an annular slide rail 313 is provided circumferentially at the inlet end of the air guide channel 32, and a sliding component that cooperates with the slide rail 313 is provided at the bottom of the air collecting hood 31. The air collecting hood 31 is rotatably connected to the air guide channel 32 through the slide rail 313, allowing the air collecting hood 31 to rotate around the axial direction of the air guide channel 32. When the operator needs to adjust the opening orientation of the air collecting hood 31, they simply rotate the air collecting hood 31 to the target angle position along the slide rail 313. The fitting precision between the slide rail 313 and the sliding component ensures the stability of the air collecting hood 31 during rotation. At the same time, the slide rail 313 structure can withstand the weight of the air collecting hood 31 itself and the torque generated by the wind load, ensuring that the air collecting hood 31 can stably remain in the set position after adjustment.

[0031] The above-described configuration, using slide rail 313 for rotational connection, provides improved structural stability and load-bearing capacity. The slide rail 313 structure provides continuous circumferential support for the air collector hood 31, preventing tilting or jamming caused by uneven stress, while also facilitating manual adjustment by on-site personnel. This design improves the reliability and service life of the connection structure while ensuring flexible rotation of the air collector hood 31.

[0032] In practical applications, the slide rail 313 can be a structure where an annular T-slot slide rail 313 mates with a slider, or an annular ball bearing slide rail 313 can be used to reduce rotational friction. The sliding components on the air collector shroud 31 can be configured according to the slide rail 313, for example, by setting multiple sliders evenly distributed around the circumference of the air collector shroud 31, or by setting an integral annular sliding ring. Furthermore, a locking device can be provided between the slide rail 313 and the sliding components, such as by opening positioning holes on the slide rail 313 and using pins, or by setting locking bolts on the sliding components, to fix the air collector shroud 31 after it is adjusted to the target angle, preventing unexpected rotation under wind force. As an alternative to the slide rail 313 connection, the rotational connection between the air collector shroud 31 and the air guide channel 32 can also be achieved using a slewing bearing, which also achieves smooth rotation and has good load-bearing capacity.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, in one possible implementation, the opening edge of the air collecting hood 31 is provided with an arc-shaped guide ring 311 that extends circumferentially along the opening and bends toward the interior of the air collecting hood 31, which is used to guide the airflow that does not enter the air guiding channel 32 and flows toward the opening back into the air collecting hood 31.

[0034] In this embodiment, an arc-shaped guide ring 311 is provided at the edge of the opening of the air collecting hood 31. This guide ring extends continuously along the entire circumference of the opening and curves towards the interior of the air collecting hood 31. When natural wind enters the air collecting hood 31 through the opening, most of the airflow flows along the inner wall of the air collecting hood 31 to the airflow guide channel 32. However, under conditions of high wind speed or unstable airflow, some airflow may form a backflow inside the air collecting hood 31 or flow along the inner wall towards the opening. The curvature of the arc-shaped guide ring 311 points towards the interior of the air collecting hood 31, so that when the airflow flowing towards the opening encounters the guide ring, it is guided by the arc surface and changes direction, turning back towards the interior of the air collecting hood 31, thereby preventing the airflow from escaping from the opening. This structure is equivalent to forming a ring-shaped airflow guiding barrier at the edge of the opening, which plays a role in rectifying and constraining the airflow inside the air collecting hood 31.

[0035] Through the above settings, the airflow that may escape from the opening is guided back into the air collection hood 31, reducing the ineffective loss of airflow and increasing the proportion of airflow entering the air guide channel 32; it can also effectively maintain the stability of airflow inside the air collection hood 31, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the air collection device.

[0036] Understandably, the radius of curvature and extension length of the arc-shaped air guide ring 311 can be adjusted according to the size of the air collector shroud 31 and the expected operating conditions. A larger radius of curvature results in a smoother airflow deflection, while a longer extension length provides more effective guidance for the return flow. The air guide ring can be integrally formed with the opening edge of the air collector shroud 31, for example, through stamping or flanging processes, or it can be fixed to the opening edge as a separate component by welding or riveting.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the inner wall of the air collecting hood 31 is provided with air guiding ribs 312 extending from the inlet end of the open air guiding channel 32.

[0038] In this embodiment, the inner wall surface of the air collecting hood 31 is provided with multiple air guiding ribs 312. Each air guiding rib 312 starts near the edge of the opening of the air collecting hood 31 and extends along the inner wall surface towards the inlet end of the air guiding channel 32. When natural wind enters the air collecting hood 31 through the opening, the air guiding ribs 312 guide and constrain the airflow, causing the airflow to flow along the path determined by the air guiding ribs 312, avoiding the generation of disordered vortices or lateral diffusion of the airflow inside the air collecting hood 31. The extension direction of the air guiding ribs 312 is basically consistent with the mainstream direction of the airflow. By organizing the airflow into a more orderly flow pattern, the energy loss of the airflow during the flow process is reduced, and the airflow is more concentrated and flows towards the inlet end of the air guiding channel 32. Through the above arrangement, the airflow delivery efficiency of the air collecting device can be improved.

[0039] Understandably, the number of air guide ribs 312 can be set according to the size and shape of the air collector shroud 31. For example, 2 to 8 air guide ribs 312 can be distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the air collector shroud 31. The cross-sectional shape of the air guide ribs 312 can be rectangular, semi-circular, or triangular, as long as it can guide the airflow. The air guide ribs 312 can be integrally formed with the inner wall of the air collector shroud 31, for example, by stamping or casting, or they can be fixed to the inner wall surface as independent components by welding or bonding. In addition, the extension path of the air guide ribs 312 can be straight or curved according to the curved wall surface of the air collector shroud 31, so as to better match the natural flow trajectory of the airflow inside the air collector shroud 31.

[0040] In one possible implementation, a spiral blade extending axially along the air guide channel 32 is provided inside the air guide channel 32; the cross-sectional area of ​​the air guide channel 32 gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

[0041] In this embodiment, a spiral blade is installed inside the air guide channel 32. This spiral blade extends axially along the air guide channel 32, from near the inlet end to near the outlet end, and the spiral blades are arranged with a constant pitch, meaning the axial distance between adjacent spiral blades remains constant. When the airflow enters the air guide channel 32 from the air collector shroud 31, it forms a rotating vortex under the guidance of the spiral blade. Simultaneously, the cross-sectional area of ​​the air guide channel 32 gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end, and the airflow velocity gradually increases due to the contraction of the flow cross-section. The rotating airflow generated by the spiral blade and the acceleration effect of the gradually narrowing channel work together to maintain a relatively orderly vortex shape as the airflow flows along the channel, reducing frictional losses between the airflow and the channel wall. At the same time, the rotating airflow helps mix the high-speed airflow at the center of the channel with the low-speed airflow near the wall, resulting in a more uniform airflow velocity and pressure distribution at the outlet end.

[0042] The above design effectively improves the airflow pattern inside the air guide channel 32, reduces energy loss during flow, and increases airflow transport efficiency. This design allows the airflow entering the air guide channel 32 to enter the ventilation structure 2 inside the roadbed at a higher speed and with a more uniform distribution, thereby enhancing the heat exchange capacity of the ventilated roadbed.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, it can be understood that multiple sets of spiral blades can be simultaneously installed in the air guide channel 32. These blades overlap axially in the air guide channel 32, but are staggered by a certain angle in the circumferential direction. For example, two sets of spiral blades can be installed with a 180-degree phase difference in the circumferential direction; or three sets of spiral blades can be installed with a 120-degree phase difference in the circumferential direction. Compared with a single-head spiral, this multi-head spiral structure can produce a more uniform rotational guiding effect on the airflow, and the airflow load distributed by each set of spiral blades is also more balanced.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, in one possible implementation, the outlet end of the air guide channel 32 is provided with a central air outlet 33 coaxial with the air guide channel 32, and the central air outlet 33 connects the air guide channel 32 and the ventilation structure 2; an air guide valve 331 is provided inside the central air outlet 33, and the air guide valve 331 includes a plurality of valve blades 3311 that can rotate around the axial direction of the air guide channel 32; the air guide valve 331 is used to adjust the effective ventilation area of ​​the central air outlet 33 by changing the rotation angle of the valve blades 3311.

[0045] In the above scheme, a guide valve 331 is installed inside the central air outlet 33, and the guide valve 331 is coaxially arranged with the guide channel 32. The guide valve 331 consists of a valve shaft 3312 and multiple valve blades 3311 arranged on the valve shaft 3312. Each valve blade 3311 rotates around the axis of the guide channel 32. The multiple valve blades 3311 are arranged in a circumferential stacked layer, with relative overlap between them. When each valve blade 3311 rotates around the common axis, the degree of overlap between adjacent blades changes: when the blades are fully retracted, the blades overlap each other, and only the projected area of ​​a single blade blocks the central air outlet 33, resulting in the largest effective ventilation area; as the blades gradually unfold, the blades are staggered circumferentially, the overlapping area decreases, the circumferential range covered by the blades increases, and the effective ventilation area of ​​the central air outlet 33 gradually decreases; when the blades are fully unfolded, the edges of the blades overlap each other, forming a complete circular shielding surface, which basically closes the central air outlet 33. By adjusting the rotation angle of the valve blade 3311, the staff can continuously change the effective ventilation area of ​​the central air outlet 33, thereby controlling the air volume entering the ventilation structure 2 inside the roadbed.

[0046] Through the above settings, continuous adjustment of the effective ventilation area of ​​the central air outlet 33 is achieved. The valve has a compact structure, with small space occupied when the blades are retracted and good sealing effect when extended. This allows the air collection device to flexibly control the air intake according to actual working conditions. For example, it can reduce the amount of hot air entering the roadbed when the temperature is high and make full use of cold air for cooling when the temperature is low, thereby improving the adaptability of the ventilated roadbed to different seasons and climatic conditions.

[0047] In practical applications, the number of valve blades 3311 can be selected according to the cross-sectional dimensions of the air guide channel 32, for example, using 6 to 8 blades. Each blade can be fan-shaped or a near-fan-shaped arc surface structure. Sealing gaskets can be placed in the overlapping areas between the blades to enhance the sealing performance when closed. Rotation of the blades can be achieved manually, for example, by setting a handle on one blade and driving the remaining blades to rotate synchronously through a linkage mechanism; alternatively, a gear transmission mechanism can be used to synchronize the movement of all blades. Furthermore, in applications requiring remote control, electric or pneumatic actuators can be configured on the valve.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, in one possible implementation, the air collection device further includes a reverse air channel 34; the reverse air channel 34 is connected to the ventilation structure 2 inside the roadbed body 1, and the reverse air channel 34 is arranged in parallel with the air guide channel 32.

[0049] In this embodiment, in addition to the air guide channel 32, the air collecting device also includes a reverse air channel 34. Specifically, the air guide channel 32 is a smaller frustum-shaped cylinder, and the reverse air channel 34 is a larger frustum-shaped cylinder fitted outside the air guide channel 32. The two are arranged coaxially, and an annular space is formed between the inner wall of the reverse air channel 34 and the outer wall of the air guide channel 32. The reverse air channel 34 is connected to the ventilation structure 2 inside the roadbed body 1 and is in parallel with the air guide channel 32, that is, they are respectively connected to the ventilation structure 2 inside the roadbed, forming two independent airflow paths. When the outside natural wind enters the air guide channel 32 through the air collecting hood 31, the airflow enters the ventilation structure 2 inside the roadbed along the air guide channel 32; when the air pressure inside the roadbed is higher than the outside air pressure, or when the airflow direction is reversed due to temperature differences, the gas inside the roadbed can be discharged outward through the reverse air channel 34 without having to flow in the opposite direction through the air guide channel 32. Because the air guide channel 32 has a spiral blade and other structures inside, the resistance is large when the airflow flows in the opposite direction. The reverse air channel 34 is designed to provide a low-resistance flow path for the reverse airflow.

[0050] The above configuration separates the air intake and exhaust paths. When the airflow direction is positive, outside air enters the roadbed through the air guide channel 32; when the airflow direction is negative, the gas inside the roadbed is exhausted through the reverse air channel 34, and the two do not interfere with each other. This design can adapt to the bidirectional airflow requirements caused by natural wind and changes in air pressure inside the roadbed, thereby improving the operational stability and heat exchange efficiency of the ventilated roadbed under different working conditions.

[0051] To verify the wind collection effect of the ventilation roadbed wind collection device 3 provided in this application, the device was compared with a conventional circular pipe under a wind speed of 0.5 m / s, and the airflow characteristics under three wind direction conditions were investigated.

[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, when the wind direction is parallel to the pipe direction, although airflow can pass through a conventional circular pipe, the airflow is concentrated in the center of the pipe, forming a hollow layer between the pipe and the pipe wall, which is not conducive to heat exchange between the pipe and the foundation. However, this device uses an inclined air collecting hood 31 to adjust the airflow direction, so that the airflow can fully contact the pipe wall in the pipe, and the airflow velocity through this device reaches 7.5m / s, which is about 15 times higher than that of a conventional circular pipe.

[0053] like Figure 7 As shown, when the wind direction is inclined at 45° to the duct direction, only a portion of the airflow enters the conventional circular duct, forming an inclined airflow inside the duct. This only achieves localized heat exchange and results in a large amount of heat exchange failure space. This device, however, adjusts the airflow direction by combining the air guide ribs 312 inside the air collector hood 31 with the gradually narrowing air guide channel 32, so that the airflow enters the duct evenly and smoothly, and the airflow velocity through this device reaches 2.3 m / s.

[0054] like Figure 8 As shown, when the wind direction is perpendicular to the duct direction, only a very small amount of airflow can enter a conventional circular duct, and local vortices are easily formed. Under continuous action, the airflow may even flow out in the opposite direction. With the combined action of the air collecting hood 31 and the air guiding channel 32, this device can still effectively introduce and accelerate the airflow, and the airflow velocity through this device reaches 1.1 m / s.

[0055] The simulation results show that the ventilation roadbed air collection device 3 provided in this application can effectively collect natural wind and increase airflow velocity under different wind direction conditions, which significantly enhances the heat exchange efficiency of the ventilation roadbed.

[0056] The present invention also provides a ventilated roadbed air collection system, comprising: a ventilation structure 2 disposed inside the roadbed body 1; and a ventilated roadbed air collection device 3, as described above, disposed outside the roadbed body 1 and connected to the ventilation structure 2. The ventilation structure 2 consists of multiple ventilation ducts spaced apart along the roadbed direction, with an air collection device at both ends of each ventilation duct.

[0057] In the above scheme, multiple ventilation ducts are installed inside the main roadbed 1. These ventilation ducts are arranged at intervals along the roadbed direction and penetrate the transverse section of the roadbed. Each ventilation duct extends to the outer sides of both sides of the main roadbed 1, and a ventilation roadbed air collection device 3 is connected to each end. The air collection device is installed on the outer side of the main roadbed 1, and the outlet end of its air guide channel 32 is connected to the end of the ventilation duct. The opening of the air collection hood 31 of the air collection device forms an acute angle with the roadbed direction, and the air collection hood 31 can rotate axially around the air guide channel 32. Workers manually adjust the orientation of the air collection hood 31 according to the prevailing seasonal wind direction to align the opening with the incoming flow direction. After natural wind enters the air guide channel 32 through the air collection hood 31, it is introduced into the ventilation duct and exchanges heat with the surrounding soil as it flows along the duct. Since each ventilation duct has an air collection device at both ends, when one air collection device is in the intake state, the other air collection device can act as an exhaust port, allowing the airflow to form a unidirectional flow within the ventilation duct. Multiple ventilation ducts are spaced apart along the roadbed, forming a multi-point ventilation network across the entire roadbed cross-section. Each ventilation duct operates independently, working together to regulate the roadbed temperature. In practical applications, ventilation structure 2 can also take the form of a ventilated gravel layer, ventilation ducts, or a combination thereof.

[0058] Through the above setup, multi-point air intake and exhaust across the entire roadbed cross-section are achieved, further enhancing the overall ventilation and heat exchange capacity of the roadbed and avoiding uneven temperature distribution caused by poor local ventilation. This ventilated roadbed air collection system maintains high airflow exchange efficiency under different wind directions and seasonal conditions, effectively enhancing the thermal stability of roadbeds in permafrost regions.

[0059] Understandably, the spacing between multiple ventilation ducts along the roadbed can be designed based on local climate conditions, roadbed height, and permafrost characteristics; for example, a ventilation duct can be spaced 2 to 5 meters apart. The cross-sectional shape of the ventilation ducts can be circular, square, or rectangular, and the pipe diameter can be selected based on the designed ventilation volume. Ventilation ducts can be made of materials such as concrete pipes, steel pipes, or high-density polyethylene pipes to ensure sufficient structural strength and durability. Furthermore, multiple ventilation ducts can be divided into two groups. The first group has an air collection device on one side and a regular opening on the other; the second group has a regular opening on one side and an air collection device on the other. The two groups of ventilation ducts are arranged alternately along the roadbed, creating a staggered distribution of the air collection devices on both sides of the roadbed.

[0060] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0062] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation roadbed air collection device, characterized in that, include: The air guide channel (32) is used to connect the outlet end to the ventilation structure (2) inside the roadbed body (1); A wind collector hood (31) is rotatably disposed at the inlet end of the wind guide channel (32) about the axial direction of the wind guide channel (32); the wind collector hood (31) has an opening for collecting natural wind, and the angle between the orientation of the opening and the extension direction of the roadbed body (1) is an acute angle.

2. The ventilation roadbed air collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air collecting hood (31) has an arc-shaped wall surface, and its cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the opening end to the end connected to the air guide channel (32).

3. The ventilation roadbed air collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air collecting hood (31) is rotatably connected to the inlet end of the air guiding channel (32) via a slide rail (313).

4. The ventilation roadbed air collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening edge of the air collecting hood (31) is provided with an arc-shaped guide ring (311) that extends circumferentially along the opening and bends into the air collecting hood (31), which is used to guide the airflow that does not enter the air guiding channel (32) and flows into the opening back into the air collecting hood (31).

5. The ventilation roadbed air collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the air collecting hood (31) is provided with air guiding ribs (312) extending from the opening to the inlet end of the air guiding channel (32).

6. The ventilation roadbed air collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air guide channel (32) is provided with spiral blades extending axially along the air guide channel (32); The cross-sectional area of ​​the air guide channel (32) gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

7. The ventilation roadbed air collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet end of the air guide channel (32) is provided with a central air outlet (33) coaxial with the air guide channel (32), and the central air outlet (33) connects the air guide channel (32) and the ventilation structure (2); the central air outlet (33) is provided with an air guide valve (331), and the air guide valve (331) includes a plurality of valve blades (3311) that can rotate around the axial direction of the air guide channel (32); the air guide valve (331) is used to adjust the effective ventilation area of ​​the central air outlet (33) by changing the rotation angle of the valve blades (3311).

8. The ventilation roadbed air collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air collection device also includes a reverse air channel (34); the reverse air channel (34) is connected to the ventilation structure (2) in the roadbed body (1), and the reverse air channel (34) is arranged in parallel with the air guide channel (32).

9. A ventilation roadbed air collection system, characterized in that, include: Ventilation structure (2) is installed inside the main body of the roadbed (1); The ventilation roadbed air collection device (3) according to any one of claims 1-8 is disposed on the outside of the roadbed body (1) and is connected to the ventilation structure (2).

10. The ventilation roadbed air collection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The ventilation structure (2) consists of multiple ventilation ducts spaced apart along the roadbed; each ventilation duct has an air collection device at both ends.

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