Brick slag recycling side slope self-water-supplementing ecological slope protection system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of side slope ecological protection, and discloses a brick slag recycling side slope self-water-supplementing ecological slope protection system and method.The system sequentially comprises a grading brick slag water storage cushion layer, a fiber water guide composite layer and a vegetation covering layer from bottom to top and is limited through a flexible constraint structure. The core of the invention lies in that the porous physical property of the construction waste brick slag is utilized, the matric suction gradient is artificially manufactured by accurately regulating and controlling the particle size gradient (10-30 mm to less than or equal to 5 mm) of each layer, and an'endogenous water circulation system 'is constructed. Experiments prove that the effective capillary rising height H of the system is larger than or equal to 0.5 m, active moisture refilling in the drought period can be achieved, and 80% or above of instantaneous rainfall is intercepted. By means of the method, the resource utilization rate (gt, 80%) of the construction waste is greatly increased, the industrial pain point that common slope maintenance depends on manual irrigation is solved, and remarkable ecological benefits and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection and solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically to a self-watering ecological slope protection system and construction method for ordinary slopes that utilizes the porous characteristics of construction waste brick slag to construct an endogenous water cycle through matrix suction gradient. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale advancement of infrastructure construction in transportation, mining, and other sectors, the distribution of highway slopes, railway slopes, and mine slopes continues to expand. These slopes generally face the prominent problem of high maintenance difficulty. The core pain points are concentrated in two aspects: First, the interception and utilization rate of natural rainfall is extremely low, with most rainwater rapidly runoff and lost, failing to provide a stable water supply for slope vegetation growth; second, artificial irrigation requires a large investment of human and material resources, resulting in high long-term maintenance costs and severely restricting the sustainability of slope ecological restoration.

[0003] Meanwhile, demolition, renovation, and construction projects generate massive amounts of construction waste and brick slag. Traditional disposal methods for this type of solid waste primarily involve backfilling. While this achieves some waste disposal, it fails to fully utilize its inherent superior characteristics—the water storage capacity of its porous structure and the water conduction function provided by its capillary pores. This leads to the inefficient use of high-quality resources, resulting in resource waste and failing to provide an effective solution to slope maintenance challenges. Existing slope moisture retention technologies either rely on traditional irrigation facilities, which are costly and energy-intensive, or use ordinary water-storage materials, lacking efficient synergy between water storage and conduction, making it difficult to achieve "on-demand water supply." The porous water storage and capillary conduction characteristics of construction waste and brick slag perfectly match the core requirements of slope moisture retention. However, a mature technological system has not yet been developed to transform it into a composite system that combines the functions of a "reservoir" for water storage and a "capillary pump" for water delivery. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a composite slope ecological restoration system based on construction waste and brick slag to fully explore its resource potential, overcome the technical pain points of low slope rainfall interception rate and high manual irrigation costs, and reduce the post-restore maintenance costs.

[0004] Existing slope ecological restoration methods face the following technical bottlenecks: First, water supply is not continuous during droughts, relying on artificial irrigation, resulting in high long-term maintenance costs; second, a large amount of brick debris generated from demolished buildings is not effectively utilized as a resource, accumulating and occupying land, posing environmental risks; and third, existing slope protection structures are complex to construct and have poor adaptability to slope topography and soil conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to provide an integrated solution that simultaneously achieves autonomous water circulation supply, high-value utilization of building brick waste, and improves the convenience and universality of construction.

[0006] To address this, the present invention proposes a self-watering ecological slope protection system utilizing brick slag resources. From bottom to top, the system comprises: a flexible constraint structure laid on the slope surface; a water-retaining cushion layer composed of graded brick slag filling the flexible constraint structure; a fiber-reinforcing composite layer covering the water-retaining cushion layer; and a vegetation cover layer on the outermost layer.

[0007] The core of the system lies in the following: the water-retaining cushion layer has high porosity, primarily used for infiltration and storage of gravity water formed by rainfall. The fiber-guided water-conducting composite layer, through the incorporation of hydrophilic fibers and highly absorbent resin, forms a well-developed microporous structure, generating high matrix suction. A hydraulically continuous capillary network is formed between the water-retaining cushion layer and the water-conducting composite layer through particle size distribution differences. Based on this structure, during drought periods, when the water potential decreases due to water consumption in the vegetation cover, a significant water potential gradient (Δψ) is generated between the fiber-guided water-conducting composite layer and the water-retaining cushion layer. This gradient drives the water stored in the water-retaining cushion layer to overcome gravity through capillary action, continuously being drawn upwards along the network and transported to the plant root zone, thereby achieving the system's self-circulating "water storage-conducting-supply" function.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0009] The self-water replenishment function of this system relies on the synergistic physical effect of capillary action and matrix suction, combined with the porous water storage characteristics of the brick slag water storage layer, to construct a complete "rainwater storage-water conduction-directional supply" system. The core principle is as follows:

[0010] 1) Water storage principle of brick slag water storage cushion layer: The multi-level interconnected pore structure formed by graded brick slag can quickly accept rainwater infiltration and realize the temporary storage and storage of rainwater by utilizing the pore space capacity; the physical properties of brick slag aggregate itself can reduce the ineffective evaporation of water in the cushion layer, while the structural stability after compaction ensures the long-term integrity of the water storage space, providing a continuous water source for self-replenishment.

[0011] 2) Principle of water-conducting composite layer: The dense and interconnected micropore network in the composite layer generates high matrix suction. When the vegetation cover layer experiences water deficit due to drought and the matrix water potential decreases, the matrix suction of the composite layer is much greater than the water potential of the vegetation cover layer, forming a stable water potential difference. Driven by the water potential difference and capillary action, the water stored in the brick slag water storage layer is drawn back along the capillary network, breaking through the gravity limit and realizing the directional migration from the cushion layer to the vegetation cover layer.

[0012] 3) Principle of directional water supply: The capillary network of the fiber water-conducting composite layer is directly connected to the root growth zone of the vegetation cover layer. The water after being diverted can be directly transported to the soil around the roots to accurately replenish the water deficit. The whole process is triggered by the water potential difference and dynamically adjusted according to the water status of the vegetation layer to achieve adaptive matching between water supply and vegetation demand, ensuring the continuity of water supply during drought.

[0013] Water moves from areas of high potential to low potential in porous media. The fiber-reinforced water-conducting composite layer, through optimized formulation, significantly reduces its equivalent pore radius. According to the classical model of capillary rise height (H), as shown in Equation 1, a smaller equivalent pore radius means a stronger capillary driving force can be generated under the same conditions.

[0014] (1)

[0015] In the formula, R eff ρ is the equivalent aperture of the water-conducting layer, γ is the surface tension of water, θ is the contact angle, ρ is the density of water, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0016] In this system, during drought, the surface soil dries out, causing a sharp drop in its water potential and creating a driving pressure difference Δψ between it and the lower aquifer. This pressure difference overcomes gravity, becoming a continuous driving force for the upward migration of water, thus achieving a self-replenishing effect without external power. The added superabsorbent resin expands when wet, further optimizing the pore structure and sealing macropores, thereby enhancing and maintaining the connectivity and efficiency of the capillary channels. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a real-time step-by-step route diagram of the self-watering ecological slope protection system for brick slag resource utilization according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the slope protection system of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the water cycle and transport mechanism of the system of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the flexible constraint structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the slope paving of the flexible constraint structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure Labels

[0023] 1. Original soil of the slope (base); 2. Flexible restraint structure (high-density polyethylene sheet); 3. Graded brick and slag water storage cushion layer; 4. Fiber water-conducting composite layer; 5. Vegetation cover layer; 6. Plant root system; 7. Rainfall / infiltration water flow direction; 8. Capillary compensation water flow direction; 9. Self-replenishing water supply and stable water storage area; 10. Water-permeable holes in the wall; 11. Sheet overlap / welding seam. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See Figures 1-5 A self-watering ecological slope protection system and method for utilizing brick slag resources are disclosed.

[0026] (1) System Implementation Steps

[0027] Slope Treatment and Flexible Structure Installation: Clean and level the slope surface. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geocells serve as the system's foundation and supporting structure. Their function is to constrain the underlying brick-and-rubble water-retaining cushion layer, preventing slope structural slippage and deformation, while providing a stable base for the upper structural layers. The geocells are 150mm high, 2.0mm thick, with a tensile strength ≥20kN / m and an elongation at break ≤15%. They are laid along the slope contour lines, with an overlap of 15-20cm between adjacent sheets, secured by ultrasonic welding. The welding strength is ≥80% of the parent material's strength. Double fixation is achieved using threaded anchors and steel anchors. Anchor spacing is 1.5m×1.5m with a rock penetration depth ≥300mm, and anchor spacing is 0.8m×0.8m with a slope penetration depth ≥250mm, ensuring a slope fit ≥95% without any gaps or arching.

[0028] Water-retaining subbase construction: This is the core water storage structure of the system, simultaneously realizing the resource utilization of building debris. It is constructed by layering graded brick debris with a particle size of 10-30mm, serving as the core carrier for rainwater storage and supply. The brick debris gradation is strictly controlled: 40%-50% 10-20mm particle size, 50%-60% 20-30mm particle size, mud content ≤3%, needle-like and flaky particle content ≤8%, and compressive strength ≥15MPa, ensuring the subbase possesses both good water-retaining porosity and structural bearing capacity. Each layer is 50-60mm thick and compacted 3-4 times with a 1.5-2.0kW small vibratory roller, achieving a compaction degree ≥90% (heavy compaction standard, maximum dry density 1.8-2.0g / cm³). 3 The total thickness is adjusted to 150-200mm according to the slope height, ultimately forming a multi-level interconnected pore structure with a porosity of 35%-45%, which can quickly accept and store rainwater infiltration, while reducing ineffective water evaporation and providing a stable water source for subsequent self-replenishment.

[0029] Water-conducting composite layer: As a key structure for directional water transport, it connects the brick slag water storage layer and the vegetation cover layer, relying on capillary action and matrix suction to achieve reverse water absorption during drought periods. This layer is made of fine-particle brick slag, coconut shell fiber, and superabsorbent resin in a mass ratio of 85:12:3. The fine-particle brick slag has a particle size ≤5mm and accounts for ≥60%, with a continuous gradation of 0.1-5mm particle size. The brick slag powder (≤0.1mm) accounts for ≤10%, and the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.5. The coconut shell fiber is selected from hydrophilic modified fibers with a length of 2-5cm, a moisture content ≤10%, and a tensile strength ≥3.0kN / m, forming a dense capillary network. The superabsorbent resin is sodium polyacrylate type, with a water absorption rate of 400 times that of deionized water at 25℃, a particle size of 100-200 mesh, and a purity ≥95%, which helps to optimize the pore structure and water holding capacity. The paving thickness is 80-120mm, and it is compacted by a plate vibratory compactor (frequency 30-50Hz, time 20-30s / m). 2 Afterwards, the porosity is maintained at 40%-45%, which is tightly integrated with the brick and slag water storage cushion layer to form a continuous water guiding channel and ensure the efficiency of directional water transmission.

[0030] Vegetation layer establishment: This is the core layer for ecological restoration, providing a carrier for vegetation growth and working in conjunction with the fiber-reinforced water-conducting composite layer to achieve efficient water utilization. This layer is 100-150mm thick and consists of improved brick slag nutrient soil, with the following proportions: 40%-50% brick slag powder (≤0.5mm), 12% peat humus (organic matter content ≥35%), 30%-38% garden soil, 0.3% sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent (water absorption ratio 350 times), and 1.7% slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer (nutrient content ≥40%). The pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, and the water-retaining agent dispersion uniformity is ≥90%. After laying, the soil is manually compacted to a compaction degree of 85%-90%, a dry density of 1.3-1.4 g / cm³, and a porosity of 40%-42%, which facilitates root penetration and maintains structural stability. The surface layer is planted with bermudagrass and alfalfa (mass ratio 1.5:1) by hydroseeding, with a total sowing amount of 25 g / m². The seed purity and germination rate are ≥95% and ≥85%, respectively. The hydroseeding is combined with binders and water-retaining agents to ensure uniform germination of vegetation and the formation of an ecological cover layer.

[0031] Initial activation: Within 24 hours of construction completion, spray using a 0.2-0.3MPa high-pressure atomizing nozzle, in three applications (30 minutes each, 2 hours apart), with a total water volume of 2.0-2.5L / m². 2 This process promotes the activation and expansion of the highly absorbent resin, optimizing the capillary pore channels. Subsequently, a 50% shade net is erected to maintain the moisture content of the vegetation layer at 20%-25%. Once the germination rate of the vegetation reaches ≥80% (7-10 days after sowing), the shade net is removed, and the vegetation is allowed to grow naturally.

[0032] (2) Implementation effects and advantages

[0033] After the completion of construction, the system demonstrated excellent overall performance: the porosity of the brick slag water-retaining cushion layer was 42%, and the water storage capacity after a single 50mm rainfall was ≥8L / ㎡; the capillary rise height of the fiber water-conducting composite layer was ≥25cm, the water retention period of the vegetation layer during drought was ≥8d, and the water supply was continuous and stable; the surface crack rate of the repaired slope was ≤1.8%, the shear strength of the deep soil was increased by 42% compared with that before the repair, and the overall stability coefficient (limit equilibrium method) under heavy rain conditions reached 1.35; the vegetation coverage was ≥90% 3 months after sowing, and the protection period exceeded 6 years.

[0034] The core advantages are: First, it realizes the efficient utilization of building brick slag resources, transforming solid waste into water-storage structural materials, reducing slope protection costs and environmental pressure; second, it constructs a self-watering mechanism through capillary action and matrix suction, ensuring the water needs of vegetation during drought periods without artificial irrigation, solving the problem of discontinuous water supply; third, the system structure has strong adaptability, the construction process is simple, and parameters can be adjusted according to the slope gradient and height, taking into account both ecological and engineering stability, making it suitable for various slope ecological restoration projects.

[0035] (3) Specific embodiments and comparative examples

[0036] Example 1: This example is applied to a highway slope in a certain area. The slope has a gradient of 1:1.6, a height of 6m, and the soil type is silty clay. The average annual rainfall is 1200mm, with the dry season concentrated from July to September each year (up to 25 consecutive days without rain). There is a large amount of demolition debris (approximately 100m³) in the surrounding area that needs to be disposed of. Furthermore, the slope has experienced localized small collapses due to rainwater runoff in the past, requiring a balance between protective stability and ecological restoration. A self-watering ecological slope protection system and method utilizing brick debris resources are adopted. The specific implementation parameters and effects are as follows:

[0037] The flexible restraint structure uses HDPE geocells with a height of 150mm and a sheet thickness of 2.0mm, laid along the contour lines of the slope with an overlap width of 18cm, and fixed by ultrasonic welding (weld strength 83%). The anchor rods are made of Φ16mm threaded steel, 900mm in length, spaced at 1.5m×1.5m, with a rock penetration depth of 350mm. The anchor nails are made of Φ8mm round steel, 350mm in length, spaced at 0.8m×0.8m, with a slope penetration depth of 280mm. After fixing, the geocells fit the slope surface with 96%.

[0038] The brick slag water storage cushion layer uses 10-30mm graded brick slag, of which 45% are 10-20mm particles and 55% are 20-30mm particles, with a mud content of 2.2%, a needle-like and flaky particle content of 6.5%, and a compressive strength of 18MPa. It is filled in layers with a thickness of 55mm / layer, and is compacted three times with a 1.8kW small vibratory roller, achieving a compaction degree of 92%, a total thickness of 200mm, and a porosity of 41%.

[0039] The fiber-reinforced water-conducting composite layer is prepared by mixing fine-particle brick slag, coconut shell fiber, and superabsorbent resin in a mass ratio of 85:12:3. The fine-particle brick slag, with a particle size ≤5mm, comprises 65% in a continuous gradation of 0.1-5mm, and brick slag powder comprises 8%. The pH is adjusted to 7.0. The coconut shell fiber has a length of 3-4cm, a moisture content of 8%, and a tensile strength of 3.2kN / m. The superabsorbent resin has a water absorption ratio of 400 times, a particle size of 150 mesh, and a purity of 96%. The layer is laid to a thickness of 100mm and compacted using a plate vibrator (frequency 40Hz, time 25s / m). 2 ), with a porosity of 43%.

[0040] The vegetated cover layer was 120mm thick. The improved brick slag nutrient soil mixture consisted of 45% brick slag powder, 12% peat humus, 36% garden soil, 0.3% water-retaining agent, and 1.7% slow-release fertilizer. The pH was adjusted to 7.0, and the water-retaining agent had a dispersion uniformity of 92%. After laying, it was manually compacted to a compaction degree of 88% and a dry density of 1.35g / cm³. 3 The porosity is 41%; Bermuda grass and alfalfa are mixed at a ratio of 1.5:1, with a total sowing amount of 25g / ㎡. 0.5% binder is added during spraying, and the spraying thickness is 0.8cm.

[0041] Initial activation water flow rate: 2.2 L / m² 2 After 8 days of shade netting, the vegetation germination rate reached 82%. The shade netting was then removed, and the vegetation was allowed to grow naturally without any artificial irrigation. Testing showed the system's permeability coefficient (variable head method) to be 8.2 × 10⁻⁶. -7 cm / s, water retention period of vegetation layer during drought is 9 days, and water storage capacity of water-retaining cushion layer after a single 50mm rainfall is 8.5L / m. 2 The surface crack rate of the slope is 1.6%, the shear strength of the deep soil is increased by 43%, the stability coefficient under heavy rain conditions is 1.36, the vegetation coverage is 92% 3 months after sowing and 95% after 6 months. At the same time, it consumes about 80m³ of building brick slag, realizing the resource utilization of solid waste. The annual maintenance cost in the later stage is reduced by 85% compared with the traditional solution.

[0042] Example 2: This example is applied to an abandoned mine slope with a gradient of 1:1.8 and a height of 8m. The soil is infertile and has poor water retention (natural moisture content is only 8%-12%). The average annual rainfall is 900mm, and the drought period is long (from June to October each year, there can be up to 35 consecutive days without rain). It is necessary to treat the piles of brick slag around the mine (approximately 150m²). 3 Furthermore, the exposed rock rate of the slope reaches 30%, necessitating the rapid construction of an ecological cover layer to suppress dust. Implementation parameters and effects are as follows:

[0043] The flexible confined HDPE geocell structure has a height of 150mm, a sheet thickness of 2.0mm, an overlap width of 20cm, and a welding strength of 85%. Anchor bolts are 1000mm long with a rock penetration depth of 380mm, anchor nails are 400mm long with a slope penetration depth of 280mm, and a fit of 97%. The brick-and-rubble water-retaining cushion layer has a total thickness of 200mm, a gradation of 40% 10-20mm particles and 60% 20-30mm particles, a mud content of 2.5%, a compressive strength of 16MPa, a compaction degree of 91%, and a porosity of 40%.

[0044] The fiber-reinforced water-conducting composite layer is 120mm thick, with 62% fine-particle brick slag and 2-3cm long coconut husk fibers. The parameters of the superabsorbent resin are the same as in Example 1, and the porosity after compaction is 44%. The vegetation cover layer is 150mm thick, with 50% brick slag powder and 12% peat humus in the improved brick slag nutrient soil. The water-retaining agent has a dispersion uniformity of 91% and a compaction degree of 89%. The parameters for mixed planting and hydroseeding are the same as in Example 1, and the initial activation water spray rate is 2.5L / m². 2 After 9 days of shade netting, the germination rate was 83%.

[0045] The test results show that the system penetration coefficient is 7.5 × 10⁻ 7 cm / s, capillary rise height of the fiber-insulated water-conducting composite layer is 27cm, water retention period during drought is 10 days, surface crack rate of slope is 1.5%, shear strength is increased by 45%, stability coefficient is 1.37, vegetation coverage is 91% after 3 months and 96% after 6 months, and it can absorb approximately 120m³ of construction waste. 3 It effectively improves the ecological environment of mine slopes, significantly suppresses dust, and requires no artificial irrigation, greatly reducing the cost of later maintenance.

[0046] Example 3: This example is applied to a slope along a railway line with a gradient of 1:1.7 and a height of 5m. The soil is sandy loam (high permeability coefficient, rapid rainwater runoff), with an average annual rainfall of 1000mm and a dry season from July to August (20 consecutive days without rain). Rapid slope protection and ecological restoration are required (construction period controlled within 15 days), while simultaneously disposing of approximately 80m³ of brick rubble generated during railway construction nearby. 3 This avoids long-distance transportation costs. Implementation parameters and effects are as follows:

[0047] The flexible confined geocell overlap width is 15cm, with a welding strength of 82%; the anchor length is 800mm, the rock penetration depth is 320mm, the anchor nail length is 300mm, the slope penetration depth is 260mm, and the fit is 96%. The brick slag water storage cushion layer has a total thickness of 150mm, a gradation of 50% 10-20mm particle size and 50% 20-30mm particle size, a mud content of 2.0%, a compressive strength of 17MPa, a compaction degree of 93%, and a porosity of 42%.

[0048] The fiber-reinforced water-permeable composite layer is 80mm thick, with fine-particle brick slag comprising 68% of the material, and coconut husk fibers 4-5cm in length, achieving a porosity of 42% after compaction. The vegetation cover layer is 100mm thick, with brick slag powder comprising 40% of the improved brick slag nutrient soil, a water-retaining agent dispersion uniformity of 93%, and a compaction degree of 87%. The total sowing amount for mixed vegetation is 25g / m². 2 Initial activation water flow rate: 2.0 L / m² 2 After 7 days of shade netting, the germination rate was 85%.

[0049] The test results show that the system penetration coefficient is 9.1 × 10⁻ 7 cm / s, water storage capacity of the water-retaining cushion layer after a single 50mm rainfall is 8.2L / m. 2 During the drought period, the water retention period was 8 days, the surface crack rate of the slope was 1.7%, the shear strength increased by 41%, the stability coefficient was 1.35, the vegetation coverage was 93% after 3 months and 97% after 6 months, and it absorbed approximately 60 cubic meters of construction waste. 3 The construction period is 12 days, which meets the needs of rapid repair of railway slopes and requires no manual maintenance in the later stage, resulting in significant economic and ecological benefits.

[0050] Comparative Example 1: Traditional Grass-Planting Slope Protection Scheme (No Brick Debris, No Self-Watering Structure). This comparative example uses an existing traditional grass-planting slope protection scheme, applied to the same roadbed slope as Example 1 (slope 1:1.6, height 6m, silty clay). No brick debris is used, and no water storage or drainage structures are employed. Only ordinary planting soil (garden soil + a small amount of humus, no brick debris powder, no water-retaining agent) is laid after slope cleanup. The same ratio of bermudagrass and alfalfa seeds is sprayed on the slope. Later, artificial irrigation is relied upon (irrigated once every 7 days, with a single irrigation volume of 3L / m²). 2 ).

[0051] Test results: The system penetration coefficient is 2.3 × 10⁻⁶. -5 The slope has a flow rate of cm / s (rapid runoff and low interception rate), no self-replenishment capacity during drought, and the vegetation layer moisture content drops below 10% after 3 days of cessation of irrigation. The vegetation coverage is only 65% ​​after 3 months and withers to 52% after 6 months due to drought. The surface crack rate of the slope is 4.8%, the shear strength of the deep soil is increased by 12%, the stability coefficient under heavy rain conditions is 1.15, there is no brick debris disposal, and the annual maintenance cost (including irrigation and reseeding) is 6.8 times that of Example 1, and there is a risk of collapse due to rainwater erosion.

[0052] Comparative Example 2: Brick Debris Backfill Slope Protection Scheme (without self-watering structure). This comparative example uses a brick debris backfill + grass planting scheme, applied to the same abandoned mine slope as Example 2 (slope 1:1.8, height 8m). Construction brick debris is backfilled randomly (no gradation design, particle size 5-50mm mixed), 200mm thick, compacted, and then directly laid with ordinary planting soil (without fiber-permeable composite layer, without water-retaining agent). The same plant seeds are then sprayed, followed by artificial irrigation (once every 10 days, single irrigation volume 4L / m²). 2 ).

[0053] Test results: The system penetration coefficient is 1.8 × 10⁻⁶. -6 cm / s (disorderly accumulation of brick debris leads to pore blockage and uneven permeation), lacks capillary water conduction function, water retention period is only 3 days during drought, vegetation coverage is 72% after 3 months, and drops to 60% after 6 months; the surface crack rate of the slope is 3.5%, the shear strength of the deep soil is increased by 20%, the stability coefficient is 1.20, although it absorbs some brick debris, the utilization rate is low (only achieving the backfill function), the later maintenance cost is 5.2 times that of Example 2, the vegetation growth is uneven, and the ecological effect is poor.

[0054] Comparative Example 3: Ordinary water-retaining slope protection scheme (no brick rubble resource utilization). The comparative example uses an ordinary sand and gravel water-retaining + grass planting scheme, applied to the same railway slope as Example 3 (slope 1:1.7, height 5m, sandy loam soil). Sand and gravel (particle size 10-30mm) replace brick rubble as the water-retaining cushion layer, without a fiber-free water-conducting composite layer. The vegetation layer consists of ordinary planting soil + water-retaining agent (same dosage as in Example 3). The same vegetation seeds are sprayed, and artificial irrigation is provided later (irrigated once every 8 days, single irrigation volume 3.5L / m). 2 ).

[0055] Test results: The system penetration coefficient is 1.1 × 10⁻⁶. -6 cm / s, water storage cushion layer porosity 32% (lower than brick rubble cushion layer), water storage capacity after a single 50mm rainfall is 5.8L / m³. 2 The water retention period during the drought is 4 days, the vegetation coverage is 80% after 3 months and drops to 75% after 6 months; the surface crack rate of the slope is 2.8%, the shear strength of the deep soil is increased by 28%, the stability coefficient is 1.25, there is no brick slag resource utilization effect, the cost of sand and gravel materials is 2.3 times that of brick slag, the later maintenance cost is 4.5 times that of Example 3, and the construction period is 18 days (longer than Example 3).

[0056] Note: 1. The permeability coefficient was tested using a variable head permeability test under the conditions of 25℃ and a vertical pressure of 100kPa; 2. Vegetation coverage was tested using a grid method (1m×1m grid); 3. The relative value of the average annual maintenance cost in the later stage is based on Example 1 (1.0), including irrigation, reseeding, maintenance and other costs; 4. In the amount of brick slag disposed of, Comparative Example 2 is disordered backfilling, which does not achieve high-value resource utilization and is fundamentally different from the graded resource utilization of the Example.

[0057] The comparison results of parameters between the examples and the comparative examples are as follows:

[0058] Table 1

[0059]

[0060] As shown in the table above, this invention, through the synergy of a graded brick slag water-retaining cushion layer and a fiber-reinforcing composite layer, not only achieves high-value utilization of construction waste in terms of physical structure, but also guides deep root growth through water in terms of biomechanics. Comparative data shows that, under the same environmental conditions, the vegetation survival rate of this invention is nearly double that of traditional methods, and the vegetation coverage rate is consistently above 85%. This "waste-to-waste, endogenous recycling" technical approach achieves good ecological restoration results.

[0061] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-watering ecological slope protection system for brick slag resource utilization, characterized in that, include: A flexible constraint structure laid on the surface of the original soil of the slope; a graded brick and slag water storage cushion layer filled within the flexible constraint structure; A fiber-reinforced water-conducting composite layer covering the water-retaining pad layer; The outermost vegetation cover layer; wherein, it forms a continuous capillary network with the fiber water-conducting composite layer through the difference in particle size distribution, and drives water to migrate and circulate autonomously within the system based on the interlayer matrix suction gradient.

2. The self-watering ecological slope protection system for brick slag resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graded brick slag water storage cushion layer is composed of brick slag particles with a particle size of 10-30mm and a porosity controlled at 30%-45%, serving as the main structural layer for storing gravity water.

3. The self-watering ecological slope protection system for brick slag resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber-guided water-conducting composite layer is composed of fine-particle brick slag, hydrophilic fibers, and superabsorbent resin mixed in a predetermined ratio; wherein the particle size of the fine-particle brick slag is no greater than 5 mm, and its mass percentage is no less than 60% of the total mass of the composite layer.

4. The self-watering ecological slope protection system for brick slag resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophilic fibers are bundled together within the water-conducting composite layer, resulting in an effective capillary rise height H ≥ 0.5m.

5. The self-watering ecological slope protection system for brick slag resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vegetation cover layer is composed of modified brick slag nutrient soil, wherein the brick slag powder accounts for 40%-50% by mass and the pH value is controlled between 6.5 and 7.

5.

6. The self-watering ecological slope protection system for brick slag resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible constraint structure is a geocell or a lightweight interlocking ecological brick, and is reliably connected to the in-situ soil of the slope surface through anchoring components.

7. The self-watering ecological slope protection system for brick slag resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact interface between the fiber water-conducting composite layer and the graded brick slag water storage cushion layer is compacted, which causes the fine particles to embed into the gaps of the large-diameter brick slag below, thereby establishing a continuous and stable water potential gradient conduction channel.

8. A construction method for a self-watering ecological slope protection system based on brick slag resource utilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Slope treatment, cleaning and trimming the surface of the original soil on the slope; Step 2, structural installation: the flexible restraint structure is laid and fixed on the treated slope surface; Step 3, subbase construction: Graded brick and slag water storage subbase is filled in layers within the flexible confined structure, with its thickness controlled within the range of 150-200mm. Step 4: Laying the water-conducting layer. Spread the fiber water-conducting composite layer on the water storage cushion layer, controlling its thickness to be within the range of 80-120mm, and ensure that an effective capillary network is formed between the two layers through process measures. Step 5, planting and maintenance: After covering with a planting layer, sow seeds and implement subsequent maintenance.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step four, after laying the fiber water-conducting composite layer, atomized water spraying is performed to induce the expansion of the highly absorbent resin in the composite layer, thereby sealing large ineffective voids in the layer and enhancing the overall capillary pumping effect of the system.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step five, after sowing, a biodegradable film is covered on the surface of the vegetation cover layer to retain moisture until the plant seedlings survive and their roots can penetrate the fiber water-conducting composite layer and extend into the graded brick slag water-retaining cushion layer.

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