Concrete pouring method for basement exterior wall without fertilizer groove

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering foundation pit construction, in particular to a concrete pouring method for a basement exterior wall without a fertilizer groove, an outer side formwork of the basement exterior wall is composed of a wood formwork, fillets and a steel pipe, an inner side formwork is composed of a hollow steel plate, a vertical steel sleeve and a horizontal steel sleeve, and the inner side formwork and the outer side formwork are fixed and connected through split bolts; the split bolts are connected with embedded steel bars on the foundation pit fender posts in a welded mode. The hollow-out steel plate is adopted to separate the basement outer wall area and the fat groove area, independent and non-interfering concrete pouring of the basement outer wall area and the fat groove area can be achieved, the fat groove area is made of low-grade concrete, and the engineering cost is effectively reduced. Multiple steel pipe inclined struts do not need to be arranged on the outer side formwork, and construction is easy and convenient. According to the construction method, synchronous construction of the manure groove and the basement exterior wall under the narrow space condition is achieved, all procedures are reasonably connected, the construction period is compact, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of foundation pit construction technology in civil engineering, specifically to a method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough. Background Technology

[0002] The trench area generally refers to the space between the outer wall of the basement or foundation and the edge of the foundation pit. The width of the trench area is usually 0.5-1.2m. In some projects, due to site limitations, the trench area is very narrow and cramped, and there is not even enough space for construction workers to enter the trench area to carry out the waterproofing construction of the basement exterior wall. This has led to the development of trenchless construction, in which the trench area space and the basement exterior wall are poured and constructed simultaneously.

[0003] However, current construction techniques for areas without a geotextile trench have the following limitations: First, the exterior walls are typically 300mm wide and use high-grade concrete (C35 or C40) with high impermeability, while the concrete in the geotextile trench area does not require such high standards; foamed concrete, lime-soil, or self-leveling solidified soil can even be used. In traditional geotextile trench construction, the basement exterior walls are only supported on one side, with no support on the inside. There is no spatial isolation between the exterior walls and the geotextile trench area, resulting in the concrete in the geotextile trench area being exactly the same as the exterior wall concrete, which inevitably leads to a great waste and significantly increases the project cost. Second, in traditional geotextile trench construction, the single-side formwork of the basement exterior walls has a large mass, and multiple steel pipe diagonal braces and fixed embedded supports need to be set within the wall height range, making construction difficult and requiring high accuracy, thus causing difficulties in construction.

[0004] In summary, traditional construction techniques for areas without grout lines are difficult and costly, failing to meet the requirements for efficient construction. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the construction techniques for areas without grout lines. In view of this, we propose a method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of basements without grout lines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings mentioned in the background section and provide a method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1: Construction preparation, transporting construction tools, equipment, materials and prefabricated fixed steel frames to the construction site according to the construction schedule; S2: Waterproofing layer is constructed on the outer surface of the retaining piles and water-stop curtain in the foundation pit area. S3: Construction drainage ditch. A drainage ditch is set up below the basement floor slab and close to the foundation pit retaining piles. At the same time, a drainage blind column is set up between adjacent foundation pit retaining piles and close to the inter-pile shotcrete layer. The lower part of the drainage blind column is connected to the drainage ditch, and the upper end of the drainage blind column extends beyond the upper surface of the basement floor slab by no less than 20.0 cm. S4: Construction of the basement floor slab, which is formed through formwork, rebar tying, concrete pouring and curing processes; S5: Construction of the basement slab connection section. The basement slab connection section is constructed between the perimeter of the basement slab and the foundation pit retaining piles and the sprayed anchor layer between the piles. Its thickness is the same as that of the basement slab. S6: Formwork for the outer wall of the basement. The outer formwork of the basement outer wall consists of wooden formwork, ribs and steel pipes. The inner formwork consists of hollow steel plates, vertical steel sleeves and horizontal steel sleeves. The inner formwork and the outer formwork are fixedly connected by tie bolts. The tie bolts are welded to the rebar on the foundation pit retaining pile. The lower end of the vertical steel sleeve is fixed to the basement floor slab, and the upper end is fixed to the lintel beam; the horizontal clear distance between the perforated steel plate and the design boundary of the basement exterior wall is not less than 3.0cm; S7: Simultaneous concrete pouring, layered pouring and vibrating of concrete in the basement exterior wall area, and simultaneous layered pouring of concrete in the trench area. During pouring, the concrete surface of the basement exterior wall at the same location of the perforated steel plate is 10-20cm higher than the concrete surface of the trench area. S8: Sleeve treatment. When the concrete in both areas has initially set, remove the steel pipes from the vertical and horizontal steel sleeves and fill the inside of the plastic pipes with grout. S9: Construction of the basement floor slab at the bottom floor. Formwork is erected, steel bars are tied, concrete is poured and cured at the basement floor slab location. At the same time, reinforced concrete support strips are constructed between the basement floor slab and the foundation pit retaining piles. S10: Formwork erection for the exterior wall of the basement on the next floor. Follow the requirements of step S6. If there are horizontal supports on this floor, cut and remove them first. S11: Simultaneous pouring of the next floor: Following the requirements of step S7, pour concrete simultaneously into the basement exterior wall area and the trench area of ​​this floor. S12: Repeat steps S10-S11 until the construction of all basement exterior walls, trench areas and basement floors is completed.

[0007] Preferably, in step S3, the water-guiding blind column and the water-guiding blind ditch are an interconnected whole; The drainage blind ditch is selected from permeable underground ditch filled with boulders and crushed stones or blind ditch made of plastic or high-density polyethylene, and the ditch wall is equipped with a reverse filter layer.

[0008] Preferably, in step S6, the perforated steel plate is a steel plate with uniformly distributed holes, and the coarse aggregate in the concrete of the basement exterior wall cannot pass through the holes in the perforated steel plate.

[0009] Preferably, the thickness of the perforated steel plate is no more than 4.0 mm, and the opening rate of the holes on the perforated steel plate is 30%-60%.

[0010] Preferably, in step S6, the vertical steel sleeve and the horizontal steel sleeve adopt a combined structure in which a plastic tube is inserted outside the steel pipe; The vertical steel sleeve and the horizontal steel sleeve are used only in the inner template.

[0011] Preferably, in step S7, the basement exterior wall area and the fertilizer tank area are poured with concrete independently; The concrete used in the fertilizer tank area is any one of C15 concrete, C20 concrete, foamed concrete, or premixed fluidized solidified soil.

[0012] Preferably, in step S12, the upper end of the vertical steel sleeve of the formwork for the uppermost basement side wall is fixedly connected to the cap beam by a fixed steel frame, and the fixed steel frame is fixed to the upper surface of the cap beam by anchor bolts.

[0013] Preferably, the concrete grade of the supporting plate strip is the same as that of the adjacent basement exterior wall and frame beam, and it has the same elevation and thickness as the basement floor slab.

[0014] Preferably, a water-stop steel plate is provided in the middle of the tie bolt, and the welding length between the rebar and the tie bolt is used to meet the yield resistance requirements under construction load.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This method of pouring concrete for the exterior wall of a basement without a trough can solve the problem of concrete waste and reduce project costs: the exterior wall and the trough area are physically separated by a perforated steel plate, supporting independent pouring operations. The exterior wall uses high-grade impermeable concrete, while the trough area uses low-grade concrete such as C15 or C20, or foamed concrete or premixed fluidized solidified soil. This avoids the waste caused by using the same concrete grade in both areas in traditional trough-free construction, and significantly reduces project costs. 2. The construction method of this invention enables simultaneous construction of the trench area and the basement exterior wall under narrow space conditions (i.e., construction technology without trench area), with reasonable connection between each process, compact construction period, and improved construction efficiency; 3. Simplify formwork construction and reduce operational difficulty: The formwork support system adopts tie bolts, rebar installation, and vertical and horizontal steel sleeves, making full use of the waist beam and crown beam as support points. The outer formwork does not need to be equipped with traditional multiple steel pipe diagonal braces, which solves the problem of large single-sided formwork weight and high construction accuracy requirements. The support and dismantling process is simple and effectively saves construction time. 4. Improve the overall structural integrity and construction safety. The perforated steel plate holes allow the concrete grout in the outer wall and the pit area to bond and solidify together, jointly wrapping the steel plate to form an integral load-bearing structure and improving the rigidity of the outer wall. At the same time, the bottom plate extension section and the support plate strip strengthen the connection between the pit retaining structure and the main structure, ensuring the stability of the pit during the entire process of support removal and construction. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the construction method steps of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the fertilizer tank area in the basement of this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of a blind drainage ditch according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the basement floor slab for the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the drainage ditch and the basement floor slab of the present invention. Figure 6 This is one of the three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the drainage blind ditch of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the second three-dimensional schematic diagram of the drainage blind ditch of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top view schematic diagram of the drainage blind ditch of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a side view schematic diagram of the drainage blind ditch of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate splice section for the present invention; Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the bottom plate extension section and the drainage blind ditch of the present invention; Figure 12 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the formwork support for the third basement level exterior wall of the present invention; Figure 13 This is the second schematic diagram of the formwork support for the third basement level exterior wall of the present invention; Figure 14 This is the third schematic diagram of the formwork support for the third basement level exterior wall of the present invention; Figure 15This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the vertical steel sleeve and the waist beam of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the tie bolt arrangement in this invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the external wall formwork of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the formwork support for the third basement level exterior wall of the present invention; Figure 19 This is one of the three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the formwork support for the third basement level exterior wall of the concealed foundation pit retaining piles according to the present invention; Figure 20 This is the second three-dimensional schematic diagram of the formwork support for the third basement level exterior wall of the concealed foundation pit retaining piles according to the present invention. Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the external wall formwork of the present invention; Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical steel sleeve and the horizontal steel sleeve of the present invention; Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the completed exterior wall of the third basement level of this invention; Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the completed third-floor roof slab of the present invention; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the removal of the second wainscoting and horizontal support beam in this invention; Figure 26 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the formwork support for the exterior wall of the second basement level of the present invention; Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the completed exterior wall and roof slab of the second basement level of this invention; Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed connection between the vertical steel sleeve and the cap beam of the present invention; Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the completed exterior wall and roof slab of the first basement level of this invention; Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of the completed fertilizer tank area and outer wall of the present invention; Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the fertilizer tank area and the outer wall of the present invention.

[0018] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Foundation pit retaining piles; 2. Water-stop curtain; 3. Basement floor slab; 4. Basement floor slab; 5. Basement exterior wall; 6. Waist beam; 7. Support beam; 8. Excavation trench area; 9. Drainage ditch; 10. Drainage column; 11. Sprayed anchor layer between piles; 12. Base slab joint; 13. Tie bolts; 14. Ribbon; 15. Rebar; 16. Wooden formwork; 17. Steel pipe; 18. Perforated steel plate; 19. Vertical steel sleeve; 20. Horizontal steel sleeve; 21. Plastic pipe; 22. Crown beam; 23. Fixed steel frame; 24. Anchor bolt; 25. Frame beam; 26. Support plate strip. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-31 The present invention will describe the above technical solution in detail through the following embodiments: The present invention relates to a method for pouring concrete for the exterior wall of a basement without a fertilizer tank. Before the implementation of the method, the construction of the foundation pit retaining piles 1 and the water-stop curtain 2 is completed, the foundation pit has been excavated in stages to the design elevation, and the horizontal support formed by the waist beam 6 and the support beam 7 inside the foundation pit has also been completed.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough, focusing primarily on the concrete pouring technology for the trough area; Figure 2 Taking the project shown as an example, the basement is the third basement level (-3F). The foundation pit is supported by one retaining pile and two horizontal concrete supports. The space between the basement exterior wall 5 and the retaining pile is narrow, so the traditional construction method of constructing the basement exterior wall 5 first and then filling the foundation pit 8 cannot be used. It is proposed to construct the basement exterior wall 5 and the foundation pit 8 simultaneously, i.e., the "foundation pit-free area" construction technology. The exterior wall is usually 300 mm wide, and the foundation pit 8 is often 500-800 mm wide when it is narrow. In the traditional construction without a foundation pit, there is no space isolation between the basement exterior wall 5 and the foundation pit 8, which results in the concrete in the foundation pit space being exactly the same as the exterior wall concrete, which will inevitably cause great waste and greatly increase the project cost. Generally, the concrete grade of the basement exterior wall 5 is high (C35 or C40) with a high level of impermeability, while the concrete in the foundation pit does not need such high requirements, and even foamed concrete or lime-soil can be used.

[0022] Example 1 This embodiment describes the layout of the drainage system in the trench area 8 of the proposed method for pouring concrete for the exterior wall of a basement without a trench. A drainage ditch 9 is installed below the basement floor slab 3, close to the foundation pit retaining piles 1. Drainage columns 10 are installed between adjacent foundation pit retaining piles 1, close to the inter-pile shotcrete layer 11. The lower part of the drainage column 10 is connected to the drainage ditch 9, and the upper end of the drainage column 10 extends at least 20.0 cm beyond the upper surface of the basement floor slab 3. The relationship between the drainage columns 10, the drainage ditch 9, the basement floor slab 3, and the foundation pit retaining piles 1 is as follows: Figures 4-11 As shown.

[0023] The drainage ditch 9 is closely attached to the outer wall of the foundation pit retaining pile 1, and the drainage blind column 10 is closely attached to the outer wall of the shotcrete layer 11 between the piles. Figure 6 As shown; Figure 7 As shown, the water-guiding blind column 10 and the water-guiding blind ditch 9 are an interconnected whole. They can be permeable underground ditches filled with boulders or gravel, or blind ditches made of plastic or high-density polyethylene. The ditch walls are equipped with a reverse filter layer structure to achieve the filtration function.

[0024] In this embodiment, the upper end of the water-guiding blind column 10 extends beyond the upper surface of the basement floor slab 3 by no less than 20.0 cm. Figure 11 As shown, if there is water accumulation on the inner wall between piles, it will be guided through the water guide blind column 10 to the water guide blind ditch 9 below the concrete base slab 3 containing the base slab extension section 12, and then collected in the water collection well and pumped out.

[0025] Water-guiding blind columns 10 are installed at the sprayed anchor layer 11 between each adjacent foundation pit retaining pile 1, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, there are a large number of water-guiding blind columns 10, which can quickly guide away the water accumulated between two adjacent foundation pit retaining piles 1.

[0026] The cross-section of the water-guiding blind column 10 can be rectangular or circular (the choice can be made flexibly according to the convenience of construction). For example... Figure 8 The cross-section of the water-guiding blind column 10 shown is rectangular. Its long side length is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the width of the sprayed anchor layer 11 between the piles, and its short side length is 10-20cm.

[0027] The base slab extension section 12 refers to a reinforced concrete slab extending along the basement base slab 3 towards the foundation pit retaining piles 1 and connecting with the foundation pit retaining piles 1 and the inter-pile shotcrete layer 11. Its thickness is the same as that of the basement base slab 3. After the construction of the base slab extension section 12, the basement base slab 3 and the foundation pit retaining piles 1 form a horizontal fixation and connection, equivalent to a horizontal support, greatly improving the stability and safety of the foundation pit retaining structure. The entire base slab extension section 12 rests on top of the drainage ditch 9, such as... Figure 11 As shown.

[0028] The drainage ditch 9 is located at the lower part of the perimeter of the basement floor slab 3. It can quickly divert the water accumulated between the basement exterior wall 5 and the foundation pit retaining pile 1 to the water collection well located at the corner of the floor slab, thereby reducing the water accumulation outside the basement exterior wall from the source and effectively reducing or even eliminating the seepage problem of the basement exterior wall.

[0029] Example 2: This embodiment describes a formwork support method for the basement exterior wall 5 in the proposed method for pouring concrete for the basement exterior wall without a trough. The outer formwork of the basement exterior wall 5 consists of wooden formwork 16, ribs 14, and steel pipes 17, while the inner formwork consists of a perforated steel plate 18, vertical steel sleeves 19, and horizontal steel sleeves 20. The inner and outer formworks are fixed and connected by tie bolts 13. The tie bolts 13 are welded to the reinforcing bars 15 on the foundation pit retaining piles 1. The lower end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 is fixedly connected to the basement floor slab 13. The upper end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 is fixedly connected to the lintel 6. The distance between the perforated steel plate 18 and the design boundary of the basement exterior wall 5 is not less than 3.0 cm.

[0030] Here, "outer formwork" refers to the formwork on the side of the basement exterior wall 5 closest to the interior space of the basement, and "inner formwork" refers to the formwork on the side of the basement exterior wall 5 closest to the foundation pit retaining piles 1; the perforated steel plate 18 is a thin steel plate with evenly spaced holes, and the coarse aggregate in the concrete of the basement exterior wall 5 cannot pass through the holes of the perforated steel plate 18; the tie bolts 13 should have a water-stopping function, and a water-stopping steel plate is usually installed in the middle, such as... Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown.

[0031] 18-inch perforated steel plate Figure 21 As shown. The holes on the perforated steel plate 18 should not be too large, ensuring that the coarse aggregate in the concrete of the basement exterior wall 5 cannot pass through the holes; the holes on the perforated steel plate 18 should also not be too small, allowing the grout in the concrete of the basement exterior wall 5 or the concrete in the trench area to pass through the holes, so that the concrete of the basement exterior wall 5 and the concrete in the trench area can intersect, solidify, and wrap the perforated steel plate 18 to form a whole; in this embodiment, the holes on the perforated steel plate 18 are elongated.

[0032] The function of the perforated steel plate 18 is to separate the basement exterior wall 5 area from the trench area 8, enabling the separate pouring of different concrete grades in the basement exterior wall 5 area and the trench area 8. Since the concrete in the basement exterior wall 5 area and the trench area 8 is poured simultaneously, the perforated steel plate 18 does not need to bear significant lateral pressure, and its thickness can be relatively thin to reduce costs. In this embodiment, the thickness of the perforated steel plate 18 is no more than 4.0 mm, and the opening ratio of the holes on the perforated steel plate 18 is 30%-60%, where the opening ratio refers to the ratio of the hole area to the total area.

[0033] Vertical steel sleeve 19 and horizontal steel sleeve 20 refer to the combined structure in which a matching plastic tube 21 is inserted into the outside of the steel pipe 17, such as... Figure 22As shown, the vertical steel sleeve 19 and the horizontal steel sleeve 20 are only used in the inner formwork. After the concrete of the basement exterior wall 5 and the concrete of the trench area are poured and initially set, the steel pipe 17 in the vertical steel sleeve 19 and the horizontal steel sleeve 20 is removed, and the plastic pipe 21 is filled with grout. After this operation, all the steel pipes 17 in the inner formwork are removed and can be reused. Only the perforated steel plate 18 and the plastic pipe 21 are left in the concrete, which reduces the project cost.

[0034] Before the formwork is erected, rebar 15 should be pre-installed on the retaining piles 1 at the matching positions of the tie bolts 13. The rebar 15 should be firmly connected to the retaining piles 1 and be able to withstand a certain tensile force. Subsequently, the ends of the rebar 15 and the tie bolts 13 should be welded and fixed. The weld should have a certain length to prevent yielding and failure under construction loads. The overall stability and deformation of the formwork are jointly maintained by the vertical steel sleeves 19 fixed at the top and bottom and the tie bolts 13 welded to the rebar 15.

[0035] The lower end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 is fixedly connected to the basement floor slab 13. In practice, a hole of a certain depth is drilled at the matching position on the basement floor slab 13, the lower end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 is inserted into the hole and fixed with grout or engineering adhesive. Figure 14 As shown.

[0036] The upper end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 is fixedly connected to the waist beam 6. In practice, a hole is drilled at the matching position on the waist beam 6, the vertical steel sleeve 19 passes through the hole and is fixed using grout or engineering adhesive. Figure 15 As shown.

[0037] The distance between the perforated steel plate 18 and the design boundary of the basement exterior wall 5 shall not be less than 3.0 cm, such as Figure 16 As shown, this approach is to ensure that the thickness of the basement exterior wall 5 is not less than the design requirement. Considering that the perforated steel plate 18 may deform and shift during concrete pouring, lateral displacement towards the basement exterior wall 5 would result in a thinner basement exterior wall 5. Furthermore, the concrete grade of the trench area 8 is lower than that of the basement exterior wall 5; if the concrete in the trench area 8 intrudes into or squeezes into the area of ​​the basement exterior wall 5, it would weaken the design strength of the basement exterior wall 5. The distance between the perforated steel plate 18 and the design boundary of the basement exterior wall 5 is not less than 3.0 cm. This ensures that the thickness of the basement exterior wall 5 is still not less than the design requirement, even considering various construction errors. The formwork support for the basement exterior wall 5 is as follows: Figures 12-22 As shown.

[0038] The proposed external wall formwork method makes full use of the horizontal bracing beam as the support point and adopts the method of fixing by tie bolts 13, rebar 15 and vertical steel pipes at the top and bottom. The external formwork does not need to be set with traditional multiple steel pipe diagonal braces, making construction simple and convenient and saving the construction period for formwork erection and dismantling.

[0039] Example 3: This embodiment describes the detailed steps for implementing the proposed method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough.

[0040] Before the proposed method was implemented, the retaining piles 1 and the water-stop curtain 2 of the foundation pit had been completed, the foundation pit had been excavated in stages to the design elevation, and the horizontal supports inside the foundation pit, including the waist beam 6 and the support beam 7, had been completed. Figure 2 As shown in the illustration, the example uses a three-story basement as an example, but it can also be easily extended to the construction of basements with other floor levels.

[0041] A method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough, characterized by the following construction steps: S1: Construction preparation: Transport relevant construction tools, equipment, materials, and prefabricated fixed steel frames to the construction site in an orderly manner according to the construction progress; S2: Waterproofing layer construction: A waterproofing layer is constructed on the outer surface of the foundation pit retaining piles 1 and the water-stop curtain 2 in the foundation pit area 8. Depending on the actual site conditions, waterproof membrane can be laid on the outer surface of the retaining piles 1 and the water-stop curtain 2, or waterproof coating can be applied, or other waterproofing methods can be adopted. The construction of the waterproof layer is a conventional method, and the detailed process will not be described here.

[0042] S3: Construction drainage ditch 9: Drainage ditch 9 is set below the basement floor slab 3 and close to the foundation pit retaining piles 1; drainage blind column 10 is set between each adjacent foundation pit retaining pile 1 and close to the inter-pile shotcrete layer 11; the lower part of the drainage blind column 10 is connected to the drainage ditch 9; the upper end of the drainage blind column 10 extends beyond the upper surface of the basement floor slab 3 by not less than 20.0 cm; Detailed information regarding the drainage ditch 9 and drainage bollard 10 can be found in Example 1. A cross-sectional view of the excavation pit after the completion of the drainage ditch 9 is shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0043] S4: Construction of basement floor slab 3: According to relevant requirements, the basement floor slab 3 is formed through main construction processes such as formwork, rebar tying, concrete pouring, and curing. The construction of basement slab 3 follows standard procedures, and the detailed process will not be elaborated here. The cross-sectional view of the foundation pit after the completion of basement slab 3 is shown below. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. S5: Construction of the base slab extension section 12: The base slab extension section 12 is constructed between the basement base slab 3 and the foundation pit retaining piles 1 and the pile-to-pile shotcrete layer 11. The thickness of the base slab extension section 12 is the same as that of the basement base slab 3. After the construction of the foundation slab extension section 12, the basement foundation slab 3 and the foundation pit retaining piles 1 form a horizontal fixation and connection, which is equivalent to a horizontal support, greatly improving the stability and safety of the foundation pit retaining structure. The foundation slab extension section 12 rests entirely on top of the drainage ditch 9. The cross-sectional view of the foundation pit after the completion of the foundation slab extension section 12 is shown below. Figure 10 As shown, the three-dimensional orientation map is as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0044] S6: Formwork for the basement exterior wall 5: The outer formwork of the basement exterior wall 5 consists of wooden formwork 16, ribs 14, and steel pipes 17. The inner formwork consists of perforated steel plates 18, vertical steel sleeves 19, and horizontal steel sleeves 20. The inner and outer formworks are fixed and connected by tie bolts 13. The tie bolts 13 are welded to the reinforcing bars 15 on the foundation pit retaining piles 1. The lower end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 is fixedly connected to the basement floor slab 13. The upper end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 is fixedly connected to the lintel 6. The horizontal clear distance between the perforated steel plate 18 and the design boundary of the basement exterior wall 5 is not less than 3.0cm. Detailed information regarding the 5-formwork system for the basement exterior walls is provided in Example 2. The cross-sectional view of the foundation pit after the completion of the 5-formwork system for the basement exterior walls is shown below. Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown.

[0045] S7: Simultaneous concrete pouring of the basement exterior wall area 5 and the trench area 8: According to relevant technical requirements, concrete is poured and vibrated in layers for the basement exterior wall area 5; simultaneously, concrete is poured in layers for the trench area 8 outside the basement exterior wall 5; during the pouring process, the concrete surface of the basement exterior wall 5 at the same position of the perforated steel plate 18 is 10-20 cm higher than the concrete surface of the trench area 8. The perforated steel plate 18 separates the basement exterior wall 5 area from the trench area 8, thus enabling independent and non-interfering concrete pouring for both areas. Specifically, the basement exterior wall 5 uses high-grade concrete (C35 or C40) with high impermeability; while the trench area requires lower-grade concrete, even foamed concrete can be used. This proposed technology achieves the differentiation and isolation between the basement exterior wall 5 area and the trench area 8 in trench-free construction methods, allowing the trench area to use lower-grade concrete, effectively reducing project costs.

[0046] The concrete grades for area 5 of the basement exterior wall and area 8 of the trench are different and should not be confused during construction. The concrete grade for area 5 of the basement exterior wall should be selected according to the design requirements; the concrete grade for area 8 of the trench can be C15 or C20 concrete, foamed concrete, or even premixed fluidized bed concrete.

[0047] During the pouring process, the concrete surface of the basement exterior wall 5 at the same location on the perforated steel plate 18 is 10-20 cm higher than the concrete surface of the trench area 8. This means the pouring height of the concrete in the basement exterior wall 5 area is 10-20 cm greater than that in the trench area 8, allowing the concrete in the basement exterior wall 5 area to penetrate and flow into the trench area 8. Since the concrete grade in the trench area 8 is lower, it is not advisable for it to penetrate and flow into the higher-grade basement exterior wall 5 area; otherwise, the overall strength of the basement exterior wall 5 would be reduced.

[0048] The height difference between the concrete on both sides of the perforated steel plate 18 should not be too large, otherwise the perforated steel plate 18 will bear a large pressure difference and produce a large lateral displacement. The pressure on both sides of the perforated steel plate 18 is basically uniform, and no large lateral displacement or deformation occurs.

[0049] The perforated steel plate 18 has holes, allowing the concrete grout in the basement exterior wall 5 area and the grouting area 8 to connect, bond, and solidify (while coarse aggregate cannot pass through the holes) to form a unified whole. The concrete in the basement exterior wall 5 area and the grouting area 8 together wraps the perforated steel plate 18 to form a whole, improving the rigidity of the basement exterior wall 5.

[0050] S8: When the concrete in area 5 of the basement exterior wall and area 8 of the trough has initially set, remove the steel pipe 17 from the vertical steel sleeve 19 and the horizontal steel sleeve 20, and fill the inside of the plastic pipe 21 with grout. Plain concrete grout can be used to fill the interior of the plastic pipe 21. When the concrete strength of area 5 of the basement exterior wall and area 8 of the trench reaches the design requirements, the outer formwork can be removed, and the exposed portion of the tie bolts 13 can be cut off along the wall surface. Figure 23 As shown. The perforated steel plate 18 and the plastic pipe 21 remain in the concrete and do not need to be removed.

[0051] S9: Formwork and concrete pouring for the basement floor slab 4: Formwork is erected, reinforcement is tied, and concrete is poured and cured at the basement floor slab 4 to form floor slab 4; reinforced concrete support strip 26 is constructed between the basement floor slab 4 and the foundation pit retaining piles 1; the concrete grade of the support strip 26 is the same as that of the adjacent basement exterior wall 5 or frame beam 25. Before removing the supports within the foundation pit, replacement supports are required in the trench area to create a unified structure between the exterior wall and the retaining structure. Support strip 26 serves as this replacement support structure. Therefore, the concrete for support strip 26 is clearly not the same as the concrete used in trench area 8. The concrete grade of support strip 26 is the same as that of the adjacent basement exterior wall 5 or frame beam 25.

[0052] The support slab 26 is at the same elevation and has the same thickness as the basement floor slab 4; the support slab 26 can be considered an extension of the basement floor slab 4. The formwork erection, rebar tying, concrete pouring, and curing of the ground floor basement floor slab 4 are standard procedures, and detailed processes will not be elaborated here. The formwork can be removed when the concrete strength of the ground floor basement floor slab 4 reaches the design requirements. A cross-sectional view of the completed ground floor basement floor slab 4 is shown below. Figure 24 As shown; the construction of the basement floor slab 3, exterior wall 5 (grooved area 8), and floor slab 4 (including inter-slab support strip 26) has been completed. The construction of subsequent floors is similar to the above steps.

[0053] S10: Formwork erection for the exterior wall 5 of the upper basement: In accordance with the relevant requirements of step S6, formwork erection is carried out for the exterior wall 5 of the upper basement; if there is a horizontal support at this location, the horizontal support is cut and removed first. like Figure 24 and Figure 25 As shown, after the pouring of the third basement level (-3F) slab, the formwork for the exterior walls of the next floor, the second basement level (-2F), is then constructed. Since horizontal supports exist on this floor, the supporting beams 7 and lintels 6 should be cut and removed first to ensure no structural conflicts occur at the location of the new exterior walls. The formwork method for the second basement level (-2F) exterior walls is the same as that for the third basement level (-3F). The cross-sectional view after the completion of the formwork for the second basement level (-2F) exterior walls is shown below. Figure 26 As shown.

[0054] S11: Simultaneous concrete pouring of the basement exterior wall area 5 and the trough area 8: According to the relevant requirements of step S7, concrete is poured for the basement exterior wall area 5 and the trough area 8 in step S10. S12: Repeat the above steps until the construction of the exterior walls 5, the trench area 8, and the floor slab 4 of the other basement floors is completed.

[0055] Specifically, during the construction of the top basement level, the upper end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 was no longer restrained and fixed by the wainscoting 6, and all the wainscoting 6 had been cut and removed. At this time, the upper end of the vertical steel sleeve 19 supporting the side wall of the top basement level can be fixedly connected to the capping beam 22 based on the fixed steel frame 23, and the fixed steel frame 23 can be fixed to the upper surface of the capping beam 22 using anchor bolts 24, such as... Figure 28 As shown.

[0056] The junction of floor slab 4 and exterior wall 5 is a frame beam 25, and the outer side of frame beam 25 is a supporting slab strip 26. The concrete grade of the supporting slab strip 26 can be the same as that of frame beam 25 or exterior wall 5; the sectional view of the basement floor slab 3, exterior wall 5, and floor slab 4 after construction is shown in the figure. Figure 29 As shown. Detailed drawings of the completed basement exterior walls are as follows. Figure 30 and Figure 31 As shown.

[0057] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0058] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough, characterized in that: The specific steps of the method are as follows: S1: Construction preparation, transporting construction tools, equipment, materials and prefabricated fixed steel frames to the construction site according to the construction schedule; S2: Construction of waterproof layer, a waterproof layer is constructed on the outer surface of the foundation pit retaining piles (1) and the water-stop curtain (2) in the fat trench area (8); S3: Construction water guide blind ditch (9), a water guide blind ditch (9) is set below the basement floor slab (3) and close to the foundation pit retaining piles (1), and a water guide blind column (10) is set between adjacent foundation pit retaining piles (1) close to the pile-to-pile shotcrete layer (11). The lower part of the water guide blind column (10) is connected to the water guide blind ditch (9), and the upper end of the water guide blind column (10) extends beyond the upper surface of the basement floor slab (3) by no less than 20.0cm. S4: Construction of basement floor slab (3), which is formed by formwork, rebar binding, concrete pouring and curing. S5: Construction of the base slab extension section (12): The base slab extension section (12) is constructed between the basement base slab (3) and the foundation pit retaining piles (1) and the pile-to-pile shotcrete layer (11). Its thickness is the same as that of the basement base slab (3). S6: Formwork for the basement exterior wall (5) at the bottom floor. The outer formwork of the basement exterior wall (5) consists of wooden formwork (16), ribs (14), and steel pipes (17). The inner formwork consists of hollow steel plates (18), vertical steel sleeves (19), and horizontal steel sleeves (20). The inner formwork and the outer formwork are fixedly connected by tie bolts (13). The tie bolts (13) are welded to the reinforcing bars (15) on the foundation pit retaining piles (1). The lower end of the vertical steel sleeve (19) is fixed to the basement floor slab (3), and the upper end is fixed to the waist beam (6); the horizontal clear distance between the hollow steel plate (18) and the design boundary of the basement exterior wall (5) is not less than 3.0cm; S7: Simultaneous concrete pouring, layered pouring and vibrating of concrete in the basement exterior wall (5) area, and simultaneous layered pouring of concrete in the trough area (8). During pouring, the concrete surface of the basement exterior wall (5) at the same location as the perforated steel plate (18) is 10-20cm higher than the concrete surface of the trough area (8). S8: Sleeve treatment. When the concrete in the two areas has initially set, remove the steel pipe (17) from the vertical steel sleeve (19) and the horizontal steel sleeve (20), and fill the inside of the plastic pipe (21) with grout. S9: Construction of the basement floor slab (4) at the bottom floor. Formwork is erected, steel bars are tied, concrete is poured and cured at the basement floor slab (4). At the same time, reinforced concrete support strips (26) are constructed between the basement floor slab (4) and the foundation pit retaining piles (1). S10: Formwork for the outer wall of the basement on the upper floor (5), formwork according to the requirements of step S6. If there is horizontal support on this floor, cut and remove it first. S11: The next floor is poured simultaneously. According to the requirements of step S7, concrete is poured simultaneously in the basement exterior wall (5) area and the trough area (8) area. S12: Repeat steps S10-S11 until the construction of all basement exterior walls (5), trough area (8) and basement floor slab (4) is completed.

2. The method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the water-guiding blind column (10) and the water-guiding blind ditch (9) are an interconnected whole; The drainage blind ditch (9) is selected from a permeable underground ditch filled with boulders and crushed stones or a blind ditch made of plastic or high-density polyethylene, and the ditch wall is provided with a filter layer.

3. The method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the perforated steel plate (18) is a steel plate with uniformly opened holes, and the coarse aggregate in the concrete of the basement exterior wall (5) cannot pass through the holes on the perforated steel plate (18).

4. The method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the perforated steel plate (18) is no more than 4.0 mm, and the opening rate of the holes on the perforated steel plate (18) is 30%-60%.

5. The method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the vertical steel sleeve (19) and the horizontal steel sleeve (20) adopt a combination structure in which a plastic tube (21) is inserted outside the steel pipe (17); The vertical steel sleeve (19) and the horizontal steel sleeve (20) are used only in the inner template.

6. The method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the basement exterior wall (5) area and the fertilizer tank area (8) are poured with concrete independently; The concrete in the fertilizer tank area (8) is any one of C15 concrete, C20 concrete, foamed concrete, or premixed fluidized solidified soil.

7. The method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S12, the upper end of the vertical steel sleeve (19) of the uppermost basement side wall formwork is fixedly connected to the cap beam (22) by a fixed steel frame (23), and the fixed steel frame (23) is fixed to the upper surface of the cap beam (22) by anchor bolts (24).

8. The method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The concrete grade of the support plate strip (26) is the same as that of the adjacent basement exterior wall (5) and frame beam (25), and it has the same elevation and thickness as the basement floor slab (4).

9. The method for pouring concrete for the exterior walls of a basement without a trough as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A water-stop steel plate is provided in the middle of the tie bolt (13), and the welding length of the rebar (15) and the tie bolt (13) is used to meet the yield resistance requirements under construction load.

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