Drilling machine for exploiting shale gas

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling and production equipment, and discloses a drilling machine for exploiting shale gas, which comprises an equipment frame, a positioning plate is slidably mounted in an inner cavity of the equipment frame along the vertical direction, a drill rod is rotatably mounted on the bottom wall of the positioning plate, a drill bit is arranged at the bottom end of the drill rod, and a plurality of groups of cones are arranged at the inner bottom of the drill bit. A main shaft is rotatably mounted in an inner cavity of the drill rod, a control mechanism is arranged in an inner cavity of the equipment frame and comprises a lifting assembly and a driving assembly, an impurity removal mechanism is arranged in the drill bit and comprises a cleaning brush and a positioning assembly, and the cleaning brush can be controlled to continuously rotate above a roller cone by arranging the positioning assembly. And the cleaning brush can automatically clean impurities attached to the surface of the cone, and the continuous drilling effect of the cone is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling and extraction equipment technology, specifically a drilling rig for extracting shale gas. Background Technology

[0002] The United States has achieved tremendous success in the shale gas revolution, and my country has also turned its attention to shale gas, resulting in significant investment demand. By the end of 2020, the capital demand for gas well drilling alone exceeded 400 billion yuan. However, this huge demand contrasts sharply with the technology that cannot be commercialized. Gas wells are expensive to construct; a vertical well requires an investment of 20,000 yuan per meter, and a horizontal well requires 30,000 yuan per meter. Drilling a 3,000-meter-deep gas well requires an investment of approximately 100 million yuan.

[0003] During drilling operations, drilling rigs typically control the roller cones on the drill bit surface to crush the material in front. During crushing, the crushed debris easily clogs the roller cone surface, reducing its continuous crushing effect. Existing drilling equipment cannot automatically clean the roller cone surface; the drill rod must be raised, the drill bit removed, and then workers must manually clean the roller cones, resulting in low overall drilling efficiency and poor performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a drilling rig for shale gas extraction to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A drilling rig for shale gas extraction includes an equipment frame with a rectangular ring structure. A through hole is provided in the bottom wall of the equipment frame. A positioning plate is slidably mounted on the vertical direction within the equipment frame's inner cavity. A drill rod is rotatably mounted on the bottom wall of the positioning plate. The drill rod has a hollow internal structure, and a drill bit is located at its bottom end. Multiple sets of rollers are arranged at the bottom of the drill bit. A spindle is rotatably mounted within the drill rod's inner cavity, and its bottom end is connected to the drill bit. A control mechanism is provided within the equipment frame's inner cavity, including a lifting assembly and a drive assembly. The lifting assembly is located inside the equipment frame and connected to the positioning plate. The lifting assembly controls the positioning plate to move vertically within the equipment frame. The driving assembly is located on the surface of the positioning plate and connected to the drill rod and the spindle respectively. The driving assembly controls the drill rod and the spindle to rotate in opposite directions. The drill bit is equipped with a cleaning mechanism, which includes a cleaning brush and a positioning assembly. The cleaning brush is located inside the drill bit and above the toothed cone. The positioning assembly is located inside the drill bit and connected to the cleaning brush. The positioning assembly controls the cleaning brush to rotate above the toothed cone.

[0006] As a further aspect of the present invention: the lifting assembly includes multiple sets of threaded rods rotatably mounted inside the equipment frame cavity, the threaded rods being threadedly connected to the positioning plate, a synchronous gear plate being fixedly mounted on the surface of the threaded rods, the multiple sets of synchronous gear plates being connected to a synchronous belt, and the top end of one set of threaded rods extending to the surface of the equipment frame and connected to a first motor.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the drive assembly includes a first positioning helical gear plate fixedly mounted on the top end of the drill rod, the top end of the spindle extending above the drill rod and fixedly mounted on a second positioning helical gear plate, a second motor fixedly mounted on the surface of the positioning plate, and a transmission helical gear plate fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second motor, wherein the first positioning helical gear plate and the second positioning helical gear plate are respectively meshed with the transmission helical gear plate.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the positioning component includes a rotating column rotatably mounted on the inner sidewall of the drill bit, the toothed cone being fixedly mounted on the surface of the rotating column, a bearing column located above the rotating column being rotatably mounted on the inner sidewall of the drill bit, multiple sets of cleaning brushes being evenly distributed on the surface of the bearing column, and guide toothed discs being fixedly mounted on the surfaces of the rotating column and the bearing column respectively, and the two sets of guide toothed discs being connected together by a guide belt.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the drill rod inner cavity is provided with a chip removal assembly, the chip removal assembly includes a helical blade fixedly mounted on the spindle surface and located in the drill rod inner cavity, and the drill rod surface is provided with a chip removal port.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the drill bit is provided with a flushing assembly, the flushing assembly includes a fluid guiding cavity opened inside the spindle, a fluid delivery pipe is provided at the top of the spindle, the fluid delivery pipe is connected to the fluid guiding cavity, the fluid delivery pipe is connected to an external pump, and the bottom end of the spindle extends into the inner cavity of the drill bit and is provided with a flushing nozzle (72).

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention: fixing plates are fixedly installed on the bottom ends of the two opposite side walls of the equipment frame, and fixing holes are opened on the surface of the fixing plates.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by setting up a drive component and a lifting component, the drill rod and drill bit can be controlled to rotate stably in opposite directions, which effectively improves the drilling effect.

[0013] By incorporating a positioning component, the cleaning brush can be controlled to rotate continuously above the roller cone. This allows for automatic cleaning of impurities adhering to the roller cone's surface, effectively improving the continuous drilling performance. This solves the problem of current drilling equipment being unable to automatically clean the roller cone surface, requiring the drill rod to be raised and the drill bit removed, followed by manual cleaning by operators, resulting in low overall drilling efficiency and poor performance. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a drilling rig for shale gas extraction provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0015] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a drilling rig for shale gas extraction provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0016] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of a drilling rig for shale gas extraction provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a positioning plate and its connection structure in a drilling rig used for shale gas extraction, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a drill bit and its connection structure in a drilling rig for shale gas extraction, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the roller cone and its connection structure in a drilling rig for shale gas extraction, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of A in the diagram.

[0021] Among them: 1-Equipment frame, 11-Through hole, 2-Positioning plate, 3-Drill rod, 31-Main spindle, 32-Drill bit, 33-Roller, 4-Control mechanism, 41-Lifting assembly, 411-Threaded rod, 412-Synchronous gear plate, 413-Synchronous belt, 414-First motor, 42-Drive assembly, 421-First positioning helical gear plate, 422-Second positioning helical gear plate, 423-Second motor, 424-Transmission helical gear plate, 5-Impure removal mechanism, 51-Cleaning brush, 52-Positioning assembly, 521-Rotating column, 522-Bearing column, 523-Guide gear plate, 524-Guide belt, 6-Chip removal assembly, 61-Helical blade, 62-Chip removal port, 7-Flushing assembly, 71-Infusion pipe, 72-Flushing nozzle (72), 8-Fixing plate, 9-Fixing hole. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0023] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 The diagram shows a structural representation of a drilling rig for shale gas extraction according to an embodiment of the present invention. The rig includes a frame 1, which is a rectangular ring structure. A through hole 11 is provided in the bottom wall of the frame 1. A positioning plate 2 is slidably mounted vertically within the inner cavity of the frame 1. A drill rod 3 is rotatably mounted on the bottom wall of the positioning plate 2. The drill rod 3 has a hollow internal structure. A drill bit 32 is located at the bottom end of the drill rod 3. Multiple sets of toothed cones 33 are located at the bottom of the drill bit 32. A main shaft 31 is rotatably mounted within the inner cavity of the drill rod 3. The bottom end of the main shaft 31 is connected to the drill bit 32. A control mechanism 4 is provided within the inner cavity of the frame 1. The control mechanism 4 includes a lifting assembly 41 and a drive assembly. 42. The lifting assembly 41 is located in the inner cavity of the equipment frame 1 and connected to the positioning plate 2. The lifting assembly 41 is used to control the positioning plate 2 to move vertically in the inner cavity of the equipment frame 1. The driving assembly 42 is located on the surface of the positioning plate 2 and is connected to the drill rod 3 and the spindle 31 respectively. The driving assembly 42 is used to control the drill rod 3 and the spindle 31 to rotate in opposite directions. The drill bit 32 is provided with a cleaning mechanism 5. The cleaning mechanism 5 includes a cleaning brush 51 and a positioning assembly 52. ​​The cleaning brush 51 is located in the drill bit 32 and above the gear cone 33. The positioning assembly 52 is located in the drill bit 32 and connected to the cleaning brush 51. The positioning assembly 52 is used to control the cleaning brush 51 to rotate above the gear cone 33.

[0025] During drilling, the position of the equipment frame 1 is fixed, and the positioning plate 2 positions the drill rod 3 and the drill bit 32. The drive component 42 controls the drill rod 3 and the spindle 31 to rotate in opposite directions. The spindle 31 drives the drill bit 32 and the roller cone 33 to rotate synchronously. While the drill rod 3 and the drill bit 32 are rotating in opposite directions, the lifting component 41 controls the positioning plate 2 to move vertically downward in the inner cavity of the equipment frame 1. The positioning plate 2 drives the drill rod 3 and the drill bit 32 to move downward synchronously. During the downward movement of the drill rod 3, the roller cone 33 at the bottom of the drill bit 32 can perform drilling processing efficiently. When the roller cone 33 is drilling, the positioning component 52 controls multiple sets of cleaning brushes 51 to rotate in the inner cavity of the drill bit 32. When the cleaning brushes 51 rotate, they can efficiently clean the impurities attached to the surface of the roller cone 33. After the impurities on the surface of the roller cone 33 are cleaned, the continuous drilling effect of the roller cone 33 can be effectively improved.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lifting assembly 41 includes multiple sets of threaded rods 411 rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the equipment frame 1. The threaded rods 411 are threadedly connected to the positioning plate 2. A synchronous gear plate 412 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the threaded rods 411. The multiple sets of synchronous gear plates 412 are connected to a synchronous belt 413. The top end of one set of threaded rods 411 extends to the surface of the equipment frame 1 and is connected to a first motor 414.

[0027] In use, the first motor 414 drives a set of threaded rods 411 to rotate, which in turn drives the synchronous gear plate 412 to rotate. Multiple sets of synchronous gear plates 412 mesh with the synchronous belt 413 to drive multiple sets of threaded rods 411 to rotate synchronously. When the threaded rods 411 rotate, they can control the positioning plate 2 to move vertically in the inner cavity of the equipment frame 1.

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drive assembly 42 includes a first positioning helical gear disk 421 fixedly mounted on the top end of the drill rod 3, a second positioning helical gear disk 422 fixedly mounted on the top end of the spindle 31 extending above the drill rod 3, a second motor 423 fixedly mounted on the surface of the positioning plate 2, and a transmission helical gear disk 424 fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second motor 423. The first positioning helical gear disk 421 and the second positioning helical gear disk 422 are respectively meshed with the transmission helical gear disk 424.

[0029] In use, the second motor 423 drives the transmission helical gear plate 424 to rotate. The transmission helical gear plate 424 meshes with the first positioning helical gear plate 421, which can drive the drill rod 3 to rotate around its own axis on the surface of the positioning plate 2. The transmission helical gear plate 424 meshes with the second positioning helical gear plate 422, which can drive the main shaft 31 to rotate in the inner cavity of the drill rod 3. The main shaft 31 drives the drill bit 32 to rotate synchronously at the bottom end of the drill rod 3. Since the rotation directions of the first positioning helical gear plate 421 and the second positioning helical gear plate 422 are opposite, the rotation directions of the drill rod 3 and the drill bit 32 are controlled to be opposite.

[0030] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the positioning component 52 includes a rotating column 521 rotatably mounted on the inner sidewall of the drill bit 32, the toothed wheel 33 being fixedly mounted on the surface of the rotating column 521, a bearing column 522 rotatably mounted on the inner sidewall of the drill bit 32 above the rotating column 521, multiple sets of cleaning brushes 51 being evenly distributed on the surface of the bearing column 522, and guide toothed discs 523 being fixedly mounted on the surfaces of the rotating column 521 and the bearing column 522, and the two sets of guide toothed discs 523 being connected together by a guide belt 524.

[0031] The rotating column 521 supports and positions the roller cone 33 within the drill bit 32 cavity, and the bearing column 522 supports and positions the cleaning brush 51 within the drill bit 32 cavity. During drilling, the roller cone 33 rotates around its own axis within the drill bit 32 cavity. The roller cone 33 drives the rotating column 521 to rotate, which in turn drives the guide toothed disc 523 to rotate synchronously. The two sets of guide toothed discs 523 mesh with the guide belt 524, which can drive the bearing column 522 to rotate within the drill bit 32 cavity. The bearing column 522 drives the cleaning brush 51 to rotate continuously above the roller cone 33. The rotation direction of the cleaning brush 51 below the bearing column 522 is opposite to the rotation direction of the upper part of the roller cone 33. The cleaning brush 51 can efficiently clean the impurities attached to the surface of the roller cone 33.

[0032] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the drill rod 3 is provided with a chip removal assembly 6, the chip removal assembly 6 includes a spiral blade 61 fixedly mounted on the surface of the spindle 31 and located in the inner cavity of the drill rod 3, and the surface of the drill rod 3 is provided with a chip removal port 62.

[0033] During drilling, the drill bit 32 generates cuttings, which move upwards into the inner cavity of the drill pipe 3. The spindle 31 drives the spiral blade 61 to rotate in the inner cavity of the drill pipe 3. The spiral blade 61 can push the cuttings vertically upwards in the inner cavity of the drill pipe 3. When the cuttings rise to a certain height, they are discharged through the cuttings discharge port 62.

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drill bit 32 is provided with a flushing assembly 7. The flushing assembly 7 includes a liquid guiding cavity opened inside the spindle 31. The top end of the spindle 31 is provided with a liquid delivery pipe 71, which is connected to the liquid guiding cavity and connected to an external pump. The bottom end of the spindle 31 extends into the inner cavity of the drill bit 32 and is provided with a flushing nozzle (72) 72.

[0035] When in use, the pump delivers the flushing liquid through the infusion pipe 71 to the liquid guiding chamber in the main shaft 31. The flushing liquid moves through the liquid guiding chamber to the flushing nozzle (72) 72 and is then sprayed out.

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, fixing plates 8 are fixedly installed on the bottom ends of the two opposite side walls of the equipment frame 1, and fixing holes 9 are provided on the surface of the fixing plates 8.

[0037] When in use, insert the pin into the fixing hole 9 to easily fix the position of the equipment frame 1 at the construction site.

[0038] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During drilling, the position of the equipment frame 1 is fixed, the positioning plate 2 positions the drill rod 3 and the drill bit 32, the first motor 414 drives a set of threaded rods 411 to rotate, which in turn drives the synchronous gear plate 412 to rotate. Multiple sets of synchronous gear plates 412 mesh with the synchronous belt 413 to drive multiple sets of threaded rods 411 to rotate synchronously. When the threaded rods 411 rotate, the positioning plate 2 can be controlled to move vertically in the inner cavity of the equipment frame 1. The second motor 423 drives the transmission helical gear disk 424 to rotate. The transmission helical gear disk 424 meshes with the first positioning helical gear disk 421, which can drive the drill rod 3 to rotate around its own axis on the surface of the positioning plate 2. The transmission helical gear disk 424 meshes with the second positioning helical gear disk 422, which can drive the main shaft 31 to rotate in the inner cavity of the drill rod 3. The main shaft 31 drives the drill bit 32 to rotate synchronously at the bottom end of the drill rod 3. Since the rotation directions of the first positioning helical gear disk 421 and the second positioning helical gear disk 422 are opposite, the rotation directions of the drill rod 3 and the drill bit 32 are controlled to be opposite.

[0039] Positioning plate 2 drives drill rod 3 and drill bit 32 to move downwards synchronously. During the downward movement of drill rod 3, the roller cone 33 at the bottom of drill bit 32 can perform drilling efficiently. When drilling, roller cone 33 rotates around its own axis in the inner cavity of drill bit 32. Roller cone 33 drives rotating column 521 to rotate, which in turn drives guide tooth disk 523 to rotate synchronously. The two sets of guide tooth disks 523 mesh with guide belt 524, which can drive bearing column 522 to rotate in the inner cavity of drill bit 32. Bearing column 522 drives cleaning brush 51 to rotate continuously above roller cone 33. The rotation direction of cleaning brush 51 below bearing column 522 is opposite to the rotation direction of the upper part of roller cone 33. When the cleaning brush 51 rotates, it can efficiently clean the impurities attached to the surface of roller cone 33. After the impurities on the surface of roller cone 33 are cleaned, the continuous drilling effect of roller cone 33 can be effectively improved.

[0040] The advantages of this embodiment are as follows: When the drilling rig is working, the roller cone 33 rotates passively due to friction with the rock, driving the rotating column 521 to rotate. The rotating column 521 transmits power to the guide toothed disc 523 on the bearing column 522 through the guide toothed disc 523 and guide belt 524, thereby driving the bearing column 522 and the cleaning brush 51 mounted on it to rotate synchronously. This structure transforms the originally useless rotational motion generated by the roller cone 33 when breaking rocks into a power source for the cleaning brush 51 through a gear transmission mechanism. The rotation direction of the cleaning brush 51 is opposite to the movement direction of the upper part of the roller cone 33, thus enabling real-time and automatic removal of rock debris adhering to the surface of the roller cone 33, solving the problem of manual cleaning that requires stopping the machine in the prior art.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling rig for shale gas extraction, comprising an equipment frame (1), the equipment frame (1) being a rectangular annular structure, wherein a through hole (11) is provided in the bottom wall of the equipment frame (1), characterized in that, A positioning plate (2) is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the equipment frame (1) in the vertical direction. A drill rod (3) is rotatably installed on the bottom wall of the positioning plate (2). The drill rod (3) has a hollow structure inside. A drill bit (32) is provided at the bottom end of the drill rod (3). Multiple sets of toothed cones (33) are provided at the bottom of the drill bit (32). A spindle (31) is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the drill rod (3). The bottom end of the spindle (31) is connected to the drill bit (32). The inner cavity of the equipment rack (1) is provided with a control mechanism (4), which includes a lifting component (41) and a drive component (42). The lifting assembly (41) is located in the inner cavity of the equipment frame (1) and connected to the positioning plate (2). The lifting assembly (41) is used to control the positioning plate (2) to move vertically in the inner cavity of the equipment frame (1). The drive assembly (42) is located on the surface of the positioning plate (2) and is connected to the drill rod (3) and the spindle (31) respectively. The drive assembly (42) is used to control the drill rod (3) and the spindle (31) to rotate in opposite directions. The drill bit (32) is provided with a cleaning mechanism (5), which includes a cleaning brush (51) and a positioning component (52). The cleaning brush (51) is located inside the drill bit (32) and above the toothed cone (33). The positioning component (52) is located inside the drill bit (32) and connected to the cleaning brush (51). The positioning component (52) is used to control the rotation of the cleaning brush (51) above the gear (33).

2. The drilling rig for shale gas extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting assembly (41) includes multiple sets of threaded rods (411) rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the equipment frame (1). The threaded rods (411) are threadedly connected to the positioning plate (2). A synchronous gear plate (412) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the threaded rod (411). The multiple sets of synchronous gear plates (412) are connected to a synchronous belt (413). The top end of one set of threaded rods (411) extends to the surface of the equipment frame (1) and is connected to a first motor (414).

3. A drilling rig for shale gas extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (42) includes a first positioning helical gear plate (421) fixedly mounted on the top end of the drill rod (3), a second positioning helical gear plate (422) fixedly mounted on the top end of the spindle (31) above the drill rod (3), a second motor (423) fixedly mounted on the surface of the positioning plate (2), and a transmission helical gear plate (424) fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second motor (423). The first positioning helical gear plate (421) and the second positioning helical gear plate (422) are respectively meshed with the transmission helical gear plate (424).

4. A drilling rig for shale gas extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning component (52) includes a rotating column (521) rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the drill bit (32), a toothed wheel (33) fixedly mounted on the surface of the rotating column (521), a bearing column (522) rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the drill bit (32) above the rotating column (521), multiple sets of cleaning brushes (51) evenly distributed on the surface of the bearing column (522), and guide toothed discs (523) fixedly mounted on the surfaces of the rotating column (521) and the bearing column (522), and the two sets of guide toothed discs (523) are connected together by a guide belt (524).

5. A drilling rig for shale gas extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill rod (3) is provided with a chip removal assembly (6) in its inner cavity. The chip removal assembly (6) includes a spiral blade (61) fixedly mounted on the surface of the spindle (31) and located in the inner cavity of the drill rod (3). The drill rod (3) is provided with a chip removal port (62).

6. A drilling rig for shale gas extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit (32) is provided with a flushing assembly (7). The flushing assembly (7) includes a liquid guiding cavity opened inside the spindle (31). The top end of the spindle (31) is provided with a liquid delivery pipe (71), which is connected to the liquid guiding cavity and connected to an external pump. The bottom end of the spindle (31) extends into the inner cavity of the drill bit (32) and is provided with a flushing nozzle (72).

7. A drilling rig for shale gas extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Fixing plates (8) are fixedly installed on the bottom ends of the opposite side walls of the equipment frame (1), and fixing holes (9) are opened on the surface of the fixing plates (8).

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