Warhead and weapon system capable of switching fragment modes and control method of warhead and weapon system

Abstract

The invention provides a warhead capable of switching a fragment mode, a weapon system and a control method thereof, and the warhead capable of switching the fragment mode comprises a shell provided with a first notch groove and a second notch groove, and the depth of the first notch groove is larger than that of the second notch groove; the outer wall of the annular first charge is attached to the inner wall of the shell; the explosion-proof ring is positioned on the inner side of the first charge; the second charge is positioned on the inner side of the explosion-proof ring; wherein the first charge and the second charge are configured to be capable of independently detonating or synchronously detonating, and under the condition that the second charge is independently detonated, the first notch groove is broken, the second notch groove is kept complete, and a first fragment is formed; and under the condition that the first charge and the second charge are synchronously detonated, the first notch groove and the second notch groove are both fractured, and a second fragment with the size smaller than that of the first fragment is formed. According to the warhead, a hardware structure does not need to be replaced, fragment output modes can be dynamically switched at the tail section of flight according to the target type, and the multi-scene combat adaptability is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of warhead technology, and in particular to a warhead with switchable fragmentation mode, a weapon system and a control method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid evolution of threats on the modern battlefield, the incoming targets faced by terminal defense systems exhibit significant diversity and variation. For example, low-altitude penetration targets such as FPV drones and loitering munitions are characterized by their large numbers, high density, and high mobility, requiring interception systems to have wide-area coverage and high hit probability. On the other hand, hardened targets such as anti-tank missiles and rocket-propelled grenades possess strong structural strength or local protection capabilities, requiring high-energy, large-mass fragments for effective damage. This polarization of target protection capabilities creates an urgent need for dynamically adaptable warhead damage modes.

[0003] Currently, warheads employ a fixed fragmentation generation model, where fragment size and spatial distribution characteristics are predetermined during the manufacturing stage. Specifically, pre-formed grooves are machined onto the warhead casing surface to control the fracture path under detonation loads: densely arranged grooves facilitate the formation of numerous small-mass fragments, suitable for intercepting unprotected or poorly protected targets (such as FPV drones and loitering munitions); sparsely arranged grooves cause the casing to fracture into fewer but larger fragments, suitable for engaging highly protected hard targets (such as anti-tank missiles).

[0004] However, existing warheads can only output a single fragmentation pattern during flight and interception, and cannot dynamically adjust the fragment size according to the type of incoming target, which significantly restricts their adaptability to multi-scenario operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a warhead, weapon system and control method with switchable fragmentation modes, so as to solve the technical problem that the warhead can only output a single fragmentation mode and has poor applicability.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the embodiments of this application provide the following technical solutions: The first aspect of this application provides a warhead with switchable fragmentation mode, comprising: The housing has a first groove and a second groove, wherein the depth of the first groove is greater than the depth of the second groove; The annular first charge has its outer wall fitted against the inner wall of the shell; An explosion-proof ring is located inside the first explosive charge; The second charge is located inside the explosion-proof ring; Wherein, the first charge and the second charge are configured to detonate independently or simultaneously, and such that: In the case of detonating the second charge alone, the first groove breaks, while the second groove remains intact, forming the first fragment; When the first and second charges are detonated simultaneously, both the first and second grooves break, forming a second fragment smaller than the first fragment.

[0007] In some modified embodiments of the first aspect of this application, the first groove and the second groove are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the housing; and / or, The first groove and the second groove are arranged alternately along the circumference of the housing.

[0008] Some modified embodiments of the first aspect of this application also include: The first end cap is connected to the first end of the housing; The first end cap is provided with a first fuse hole, which is used to install a first detonation assembly coupled to the first explosive charge; The first end cap is provided with at least three second fuse holes, which are arranged along a circumferential trajectory; all three second fuse holes are used to install a second detonation assembly coupled to the second charge.

[0009] A second aspect of this application provides a weapon system, comprising: The warhead with switchable fragmentation mode as described in the first aspect; and... A fuze, installed on the warhead, is used to acquire target information and selectively output detonation commands based on the target information, so as to: Trigger the second charge of the warhead to detonate separately; or... The first and second charges of the warhead are triggered to detonate simultaneously.

[0010] In some modified embodiments of the second aspect of this application, the fuse includes: The detection unit is configured to acquire the target information and various environmental information and perform fusion processing to generate target feature signals and environmental feature signals respectively; A state assessment unit, whose input is connected to the output of the detection unit, is used to receive the environmental feature signal; the state assessment unit is configured to generate a state signal based on the environmental feature signal. The control unit has a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the detection unit for receiving the target feature signal; and a second input terminal connected to the output terminal of the state evaluation unit for receiving the state signal. The control unit is configured to: determine the detonation mode based on the target characteristic signal, determine the detonation timing based on the status signal, and then generate the corresponding detonation command.

[0011] In some modified embodiments of the second aspect of this application, the output terminal of the state assessment unit is connected to the feedback input terminal of the detection unit; The detection unit is configured to dynamically adjust the weighting coefficients of the target information and various environmental information in the fusion process based on the state signal.

[0012] A third aspect of this application provides a detonation control method with switchable fragmentation modes, applied to a weapon system as described in the second aspect, comprising: Obtain target information; The target type is determined based on the target information; Generate detonation instructions based on the target type, in order to: The second charge of the weapon system's warhead is detonated separately; or... The first and second charges of the weapon system's warhead detonate simultaneously.

[0013] Some modified embodiments of the third aspect of this application also include: Acquire multiple environmental information while acquiring target information; The target information and the various environmental information are fused together, and target feature values ​​and environmental feature values ​​are extracted based on the fusion result. The target type is determined based on the target feature values; A state signal is generated based on the environmental feature values; The detonation mode is determined based on the target type, the detonation timing is determined based on the status signal, and then the corresponding detonation command is generated.

[0014] In some modified embodiments of the third aspect of this application, before generating the corresponding detonation command, the method further includes: The state signal is continuously fed back to the fusion process to dynamically adjust the weighting coefficients of the target information and various environmental information in the fusion.

[0015] Some modified embodiments of the third aspect of this application also include: Obtain prior information from the weapon platform; The detonation timing is compensated based on the prior information; The prior information includes at least one of the following: missile-target rendezvous angle, relative velocity, target size, flight phase, or aircraft attitude.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, the switchable fragmentation warhead provided in the first aspect of this application achieves active control over the fragmentation generation mode by setting first and second grooves of different depths on the casing, and cooperating with first and second charges that can be detonated independently or simultaneously. The explosion-proof ring is disposed between the first and second charges. When the second charge detonates alone, it withstands the high-intensity detonation wave pressure propagating from the inside out and collapses under pressure. Through structural collapse, it absorbs and dissipates the detonation energy, thereby effectively blocking the transmission of the detonation wave to the first charge, preventing the first charge from being detonated sympathetically, and ensuring strict isolation and reliable execution of the two detonation modes.

[0017] When only the second charge detonates, the first charge remains undetonated under the protection of the explosion-proof ring. The released detonation energy is relatively low, only enough to cause the first groove with a larger depth to break. The shallower second groove remains intact due to insufficient stress, thus forming a first fragment with fewer pieces and a larger individual mass, forming a large fragment mode. This mode has high kinetic energy and strong penetration capability, and is suitable for destroying highly protected hard targets such as anti-tank missiles. When the first and second charges detonate simultaneously, the superimposed detonation energy is significantly enhanced, causing not only the first groove to fracture but also the second groove to fracture simultaneously. The shell is divided into more units, forming smaller and denser second fragments, creating a small fragmentation pattern. This pattern is beneficial for improving the coverage probability and hit rate of poorly protected cluster targets such as FPV drones and loitering munitions.

[0018] The warhead of the first aspect of this application can dynamically switch the fragmentation output mode according to the target type in the terminal phase of flight without changing the hardware structure, which significantly improves the adaptability of multi-scenario combat.

[0019] The weapon system provided in the second aspect of this application integrates the aforementioned warhead with a fuze capable of target identification, thereby achieving the integration of perception, decision-making, and execution: the fuze autonomously selects the detonation command based on real-time acquired target information, drives the warhead to precisely switch fragmentation modes, and achieves dynamic adaptation of fragmentation characteristics to the target protection level, effectively improving the single-shot interception effectiveness against mixed threat targets.

[0020] The detonation control method with switchable fragmentation mode provided in the third aspect of this application, when applied to the weapon system of the second aspect, has similar technical effects to the weapon system of the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of this application will become readily understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, with the same or corresponding reference numerals denoteing the same or corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode of this application is shown. Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode of this application is schematically shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the casing of the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode of this application is shown. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first charge of the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode of this application is shown. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the explosion-proof ring of the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode of this application is shown. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second charge of the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode of this application is shown. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first end cap of the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode of this application is shown. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second end cap of the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode of this application is shown.

[0022] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Shell; 11. First groove; 12. Second groove; 2. First charge; 3. Explosion-proof ring; 4. Second charge; 5. First end cap; 51. First fuse hole; 52. Second fuse hole; 6. Second end cap. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the first aspect of this application provides a warhead with switchable fragmentation mode, comprising: The housing 1 has a first groove 11 and a second groove 12, wherein the depth of the first groove 11 is greater than the depth of the second groove 12; The annular first charge 2 has its outer wall fitted against the inner wall of the housing 1; The explosion-proof ring 3 is located inside the first explosive charge 2; The second charge 4 is located inside the explosion-proof ring 3; Wherein, the first charge 2 and the second charge 4 are configured to detonate independently or simultaneously, and such that: In the case of detonating the second charge 4 alone, the first groove 11 breaks, while the second groove 12 remains intact, forming the first fragment; When the first charge 2 and the second charge 4 are detonated simultaneously, both the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 break, forming a second fragment smaller than the first fragment.

[0026] Specifically, the casing 1, the first charge 2, the explosion-proof ring 3, and the second charge 4 are arranged coaxially from the outside to the inside in a radial direction.

[0027] The shell 1 is used to withstand the high-pressure impact load generated by the explosion of the internal explosive charge, and the fracture path is guided by the pre-set deep and shallow grooves on its surface, thereby controlling the size and spatial distribution of the fragments and ensuring the controllability and consistency of the damage performance.

[0028] The casing 1 is cylindrical in shape, and its geometry can be adaptively designed according to target damage requirements, projectile diameter constraints, and explosive energy. The casing 1 can be made of a high-strength, high-pressure-resistance metallic material to maintain controllable fracture behavior under high-energy explosive detonation, ensuring good repeatability and predictability of fragment formation, effectively suppressing unexpected fragmentation, and thus guaranteeing the stability of fragment size and distribution. For example, the casing 1 can be made of 40Cr alloy structural steel or titanium alloy, or other engineering materials that meet the requirements for blast resistance and fracture control.

[0029] The inner and outer surfaces of the casing 1 are provided with two types of grooves (first groove 11 and second groove 12). The number of grooves of each type can be determined according to the desired total number of fragments and spatial distribution density. For example, dozens can be set in the axial and circumferential directions to form a grid-like fracture guiding structure. The depth of each type of groove can be set according to the required fragment hierarchy control strategy, wherein the depth of the first groove 11 is greater than the depth of the second groove 12 to achieve selective fracture under different initiation modes. The width of each type of groove affects the stress concentration and the fracture front propagation speed, and can be matched with the detonation pressure of the charge and the thickness of the casing 1. The cross-sectional shape of each type of groove can be square, V-shaped, U-shaped, or trapezoidal, etc., with square being preferred to ensure that the geometric contour of the fragments is regular and the mass distribution is uniform, thereby improving the efficiency of transferring the explosive energy to the kinetic energy of the fragments. 40Cr steel bars can be used, and the two types of grooves can be machined by CNC lathe.

[0030] Multiple first grooves 11 and multiple second grooves 12 can be arranged according to combat requirements. For example, they can be arranged in a spiral to give the fragment scattering trajectory a preset deflection angle; or they can be arranged in axial or circumferential zones, such as densely arranged deep grooves in the middle of the shell 1 and shallow grooves at the ends, so as to achieve concentrated damage in the center.

[0031] The first explosive charge 2 serves as the energy source for the warhead. In the synchronized detonation mode, the first explosive charge 2, together with the second explosive charge 4, acts on the casing 1, providing sufficient detonation pressure to simultaneously fracture the first groove 11 and the second groove 12, thereby generating a high-density, small-sized fragment cluster to counter high-speed, hardened, or clustered targets. Simultaneously, in the mode where the second explosive charge 4 is detonated independently, the first explosive charge 2 is effectively isolated by the explosion-proof ring 3 and does not participate in the reaction, preventing energy overload and unintended fragmentation, ensuring that only the deep grooves fracture to form large fragments.

[0032] The first charge 2 is annular, with its outer wall closely fitted to the inner wall of the casing 1 to maximize the radial energy transfer efficiency to the casing 1. Its inner side contacts the explosion-proof ring 3, forming a clear charge interface. This effectively blocks the propagation of the detonation wave to the first charge 2 when the second charge 4 is detonated alone, and achieves synergy between the two when detonated simultaneously, ensuring the independence and controllability of the energy path under the two detonation modes.

[0033] The first charge 2 can be an explosive with high detonation velocity, high detonation pressure, good stability, and compatibility with the explosion-proof ring 3. For example, it can be 8701 explosive (a composite explosive based on RDX, with a detonation velocity of approximately 8200–8400 m / s) or JHL-1 explosive (a high-energy, low-vulnerability explosive based on HMX / RDX, with a detonation velocity ≥8500 m / s), etc. The geometric dimensions of the first charge 2 (including outer diameter, inner diameter, and axial length) can be adaptively designed according to the structural parameters of the shell 1, the required fragmentation damage level, and the energy ratio with the second charge 4.

[0034] The explosion-proof ring 3 is annular and positioned between the first charge 2 and the second charge 4. When the second charge 4 is detonated alone, it effectively attenuates or blocks the propagation of the detonation wave to the first charge 2, preventing accidental detonation of the first charge 2. This ensures that only the energy of the second charge 4 acts on the casing 1, resulting in the fracture of the deep groove while the shallow groove remains intact, forming a large-sized first fragment. In the simultaneous detonation mode, the second charge 4 and the first charge 2 release energy together, and the superimposed explosion pressure causes both the deep and shallow grooves to fracture, generating a high-density second fragment. The explosion-proof ring 3 can be made of a porous material with low density, high porosity, and good energy absorption capacity. Under the pressure of a high-intensity detonation wave, the porous structure collapses, thus better absorbing the energy of the high-intensity detonation wave and achieving a good explosion-proof effect.

[0035] For example, it can be made of materials such as aluminum foam or porous ceramics. The outer diameter of the explosion-proof ring 3 matches the inner diameter of the first charge 2, and the inner diameter of the explosion-proof ring 3 fits the outer diameter of the second charge 4. The thickness of the explosion-proof ring 3 can be designed according to the required explosion-proof performance and space constraints.

[0036] The second charge 4, serving as the energy source for the warhead, is located inside the explosion-proof ring 3 and can be in a ring or columnar structure. The outer wall of the second charge 4 is in contact with the inner wall of the explosion-proof ring 3. When the second charge 4 detonates alone, its detonation products, after being attenuated by the explosion-proof ring 3, provide only enough energy to break the first groove 11 on the casing 1, thus forming a large-sized first fragment. In the simultaneous detonation mode, the second charge 4 and the first charge 2 release energy together, and the superimposed explosion pressure causes both the deep and shallow grooves to break, generating a high-density second fragment. The second charge 4 can use the same or different explosives as the first charge 2. The geometric dimensions of the second charge 4 (including outer diameter, inner diameter, and axial length) can be designed to match the thickness of the explosion-proof ring 3, the inner diameter of the first charge 2, and the required energy output.

[0037] The principles of this invention are explained below: The core of this invention, which enables controllable switching of fragmentation modes, lies in the coordinated design of groove depth differences and charge energy grading, which allows the casing 1 to produce different fracture responses under different detonation modes.

[0038] The surface of the casing 1 has two types of grooves with different depths: a first groove 11 (deep groove) and a second groove 12 (shallow groove). Because the first groove 11 is deeper, the stress concentration effect at its bottom is more significant, making it easier to form high-intensity stress concentration under explosive load. The second groove 12, due to its smaller depth, has a relatively weaker stress concentration effect.

[0039] When only the second charge 4 is detonated, the energy released is attenuated by the explosion-proof ring 3 and then transmitted to the casing 1. The resulting detonation pressure is at a moderate level, sufficient to induce sufficiently high local stress at the root of the deep groove, reaching the fracture threshold of the casing 1 material, thus causing fracture along the deep groove. However, at the same time, the local stress generated by this pressure at the shallow groove does not reach the critical value required for material fracture, so the shallow groove region remains intact and does not fracture. As a result, the casing 1 is divided into a small number of relatively large fragments.

[0040] When the first charge 2 and the second charge 4 detonate simultaneously, the superposition of their energies significantly increases the detonation pressure acting on the casing 1. At this high energy level, not only does fracture occur at the deep grooves, but the stress at the root of the shallow grooves also rises above the fracture threshold, causing all grooves to participate in the fracture process, and the casing 1 is subdivided into a large number of small fragments.

[0041] Therefore, the depth difference between the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 should ensure a clear distinction in the degree of stress concentration; the upper limit of energy that the second charge 4 can provide when detonated alone should be higher than that required for deep groove fracture but lower than that required for shallow groove fracture; the energy attenuation capability of the explosion-proof ring 3 should ensure that the first charge 2 is not activated when detonated in a single mode.

[0042] Compared to existing technologies, the switchable fragmentation warhead provided in the first aspect of this application achieves active control over the fragmentation generation mode by setting a first groove 11 and a second groove 12 of different depths on the casing 1, and cooperating with a first charge 2 and a second charge 4 that can be detonated independently or simultaneously. The explosion-proof ring 3 is disposed between the first charge 2 and the second charge 4. When the second charge 4 detonates alone, it withstands the high-intensity detonation wave pressure propagating from the inside out and collapses under pressure. Through structural collapse, it absorbs and dissipates the detonation energy, thereby effectively blocking the transmission of the detonation wave to the first charge 2, preventing the first charge 2 from being detonated sympathetically, and ensuring strict isolation and reliable execution of the two detonation modes.

[0043] When only the second charge 4 detonates, under the protection of the explosion-proof ring 3, the first charge 2 remains undetonated, and the released detonation energy is relatively low, only enough to cause the first groove 11 with a larger depth to break, while the shallower second groove 12 remains intact due to insufficient stress, thus forming a first fragment with fewer pieces and a larger individual mass, forming a large fragment mode. This mode has high kinetic energy and strong penetration capability, and is suitable for destroying highly protected hard targets such as anti-tank missiles. When the first charge 2 and the second charge 4 detonate simultaneously, the superimposed detonation energy is significantly enhanced, which not only causes the first groove 11 to fracture, but also causes the second groove 12 to fracture simultaneously. The shell 1 is divided into more units, forming smaller and denser second fragments, forming a small fragment mode. This mode is beneficial to improving the coverage probability and hit rate of low-protection cluster targets such as FPV drones and loitering munitions.

[0044] The warhead of the first aspect of this application can dynamically switch the fragmentation output mode according to the target type in the terminal phase of flight without changing the hardware structure, which significantly improves the adaptability of multi-scenario combat.

[0045] To achieve uniform spatial distribution and controllable scattering of fragments, the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 can be arranged in a regular grid pattern. For example... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the housing 1; and / or, The first groove 11 and the second groove 12 are arranged alternately along the circumference of the housing 1.

[0046] Specifically, the housing 1 can be provided with multiple grooves along the axial direction, wherein the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 are arranged alternately in the order of "first-second-first-second..."; the housing 1 can be provided with multiple grooves along the circumferential direction (i.e., the circumferential direction), and the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 are also arranged in an alternating manner around the perimeter.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, it also includes: The first end cap 5 is connected to the first end of the housing 1; The first end cap 5 is provided with a first fuse hole 51, which is used to install a first detonation assembly coupled to the first charge 2; The first end cap 5 is provided with at least three second fuse holes 52, and the at least three second fuse holes 52 are arranged along a circumferential trajectory; all three second fuse holes 52 are used to install a second detonation assembly coupled to the second charge 4.

[0048] Specifically, the material of the first end cap 5 can be the same as that of the housing 1 to ensure overall structural strength matching. The first end of the housing 1 can be threadedly connected to the first end cap 5. For example, the first end of the housing 1 can be configured with an M86×1 internal thread, and the first end cap 5 can be configured with an external thread that matches the internal thread to achieve a threaded connection while ensuring sealing. The thread depth can be 4 mm.

[0049] At least three second fuse holes 52 can be arranged at equal intervals along a circumferential trajectory to ensure that the second charge 4 can be detonated synchronously at multiple points in the circumferential direction, so that the detonation wave can be propagated uniformly along the circumferential direction of the shell 1, thereby improving the uniformity of the spatial distribution of fragments and the consistency of damage.

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the warhead further includes a second end cap 6, which can be threadedly connected to the second end of the housing 1. In this case, the second end of the housing 1 can be configured with an M86×1 internal thread, and the size and thread design of the second end cap 6 can be the same as the first end cap 5. The only difference between the second end cap 6 and the first end cap 5 is that the second end cap 6 does not have a fuze hole.

[0051] During assembly: First, the second end cap 6 can be threaded to the second end of the housing 1 to complete the initial seal; then, the first charge 2, the explosion-proof ring 3, and the second charge 4 can be sequentially installed from the first end of the housing 1; finally, the first end cap 5 can be threaded to the first end of the housing 1 to complete the overall seal; finally, the first detonation assembly and the second detonation assembly can be installed in the first fuse hole 51 and the second fuse hole 52 respectively to complete the warhead integration.

[0052] In some embodiments, the housing 1 is made of 40Cr alloy structural steel, with an outer diameter of 100 mm, an inner diameter of 86 mm, a wall thickness of 7 mm, and an axial length of 190 mm. Under these material and geometric parameters, the mass of the housing 1 is approximately 2640 g.

[0053] The outer surface of the housing 1 is provided with a first groove 11 and a second groove 12. The housing 1 can have a total of 70 grooves along the axial direction, where the first grooves 11 and second grooves 12 are arranged alternately in the order of "first-second-first-second…". The housing 1 can also have a total of 22 grooves along the circumferential direction (i.e., the circular direction), also arranged in an alternating pattern of first grooves 11 and second grooves 12. Thus, the first grooves 11 and second grooves 12 intersect on the surface of the housing 1 to form a regular rectangular grid of 70×22, with the grid nodes being potential fracture intersection points. The first groove 11 has a depth of 3.5 mm and a width of 2.46 mm; the second groove 12 has a depth of 2.0 mm and a width of 1.07 mm. Both the cross-sections of the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 are square structures.

[0054] The first charge 2 is made of 8701 explosive with a density of 1.7 g / cm3; the outer diameter of the first charge 2 is 86 mm, the inner diameter of the first charge 2 is 66 mm, the axial length of the first charge 2 is 182 mm, and the mass of the first charge 2 is 738.727 g.

[0055] The explosion-proof ring 3 is made of aluminum foam with a density of 1.5 g / cm³. The outer diameter of the explosion-proof ring 3 is 66 mm, the inner diameter of the explosion-proof ring 3 is 52 mm, and the axial length of the explosion-proof ring 3 is 182 mm.

[0056] The second charge 4 is cylindrical, made of 8701 explosive with a density of 1.7 g / cm3; the outer diameter of the second charge 4 is 52 mm, the axial length of the second charge 4 is 182 mm, and the mass of the second charge 4 is 657.078 g.

[0057] The first end cap 5 is made of 40Cr steel. The outer diameter of the first end cap 5 is 100 mm, the inner diameter of the first end cap 5 is 86 mm, and the thickness of the first end cap 5 is 5 mm. The diameter of the first fuse hole 51 is 20 mm, the diameter of the second fuse hole 52 is 10 mm, and the mass of the first end cap 5 is 329.247 g. The second end cap 6 is made of 40Cr steel, with an outer diameter of 100 mm, an inner diameter of 86 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm; the mass of the second end cap 6 is 331.984 g.

[0058] The warhead has a total mass of 5051.621g. In the large fragmentation mode, there are a total of 385 fragments, with each first fragment weighing 6.4g. In the small fragmentation mode, there are a total of 1540 fragments, with each second fragment weighing 1.6g.

[0059] A second aspect of this application provides a weapon system, comprising: As described in the first aspect, the warhead with switchable fragmentation mode, see reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ;as well as, A fuze, installed on the warhead, is used to acquire target information and selectively output detonation commands based on the target information, so as to: The second charge 4 of the warhead is triggered to detonate separately; or... The first charge 2 and the second charge 4 of the warhead are triggered to detonate simultaneously.

[0060] Specifically, the switchable fragmentation warhead, serving as a kill module, can be integrated into various weapon systems. The weapon system is responsible for target detection, interception decision-making, and munition launch, while the warhead serves as the core destructive component of its terminal intercept munition.

[0061] The weapon system can be an active defense system, a highly mobile tactical vehicle, or a dual-mobility cooperative combat unit. In an active defense system, the warhead is mounted on a short-range interceptor missile for hard-kill against incoming anti-tank rockets or missiles within a range of 10–100 m. On highly mobile tactical vehicles (such as vehicle-mounted air defense platforms), the warhead is integrated into the launched interceptor missile, relying on the vehicle's own reconnaissance-strike integrated capabilities to perform short-to-medium range mobile air defense missions. In a dual-mobility cooperative combat unit, one platform can carry a detection radar for target search and tracking, while another platform launches an interceptor missile carrying its own warhead. The two systems coordinate via data link, integrating into a multi-layered air defense system to achieve distributed interception.

[0062] To adapt to different launch platforms and operational scenarios, the warhead's outer diameter (caliber) can be adaptively designed according to mission requirements to match various munition carriers, including but not limited to loitering munitions, rockets, or small anti-aircraft missiles. Simultaneously, it can adopt a multi-launch configuration or a modular quick-change structure for easy rapid deployment and maintenance. Through this integrated approach, the warhead can effectively engage both poorly protected targets (such as FPV drones, commercial multi-rotor aircraft, and loitering munitions) and highly protected targets (such as anti-tank missiles and guided rockets), achieving high-probability interception of diverse aerial threats across all airspace.

[0063] The fuse may include a miniature detection sensor, a signal processing module, and a detonation control circuit. The detection sensor is connected to the detonation control circuit via the signal processing module, and the detonation control circuit is connected to both the first and second detonation components.

[0064] During the interceptor's flight, miniature detection sensors scan the airspace ahead in real time to acquire information such as the target's distance, speed, radar cross section, or Doppler characteristics. The signal processing module performs type discrimination based on the acquired target information to determine whether the target is a high-protection target or a low-protection target. The detonation control circuit selectively outputs detonation commands according to the discrimination results to trigger the second charge 4 to detonate alone, or to trigger the first charge 2 and the second charge 4 to detonate simultaneously.

[0065] Among them, for highly protected targets (such as anti-tank missiles), the large fragment mode command is output, which triggers only the detonation channel coupled with the second charge 4, so that the second charge 4 detonates alone. At this time, only the first groove 11 breaks, generating a large mass first fragment of about 6.4 g / piece, which is used to penetrate thick-walled targets. For targets with low protection (such as FPV drones), the small fragment mode command is output to simultaneously trigger the detonation channels of the first charge 2 and the second charge 4, so as to achieve simultaneous detonation of the two charges. At this time, the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 are broken, generating a small mass second fragment of 1.6g / piece, forming a high-density fragment cloud, which is used to cover and damage vulnerable targets.

[0066] The weapon system provided in the second aspect of this application integrates the aforementioned warhead with a fuze capable of target identification, thereby achieving the integration of perception, decision-making, and execution: the fuze autonomously selects the detonation command based on real-time acquired target information, drives the warhead to precisely switch fragmentation modes, and achieves dynamic adaptation of fragmentation characteristics to the target protection level, effectively improving the single-shot interception effectiveness against mixed threat targets.

[0067] In some embodiments, the fuse includes: The detection unit is configured to acquire the target information and various environmental information and perform fusion processing to generate target feature signals and environmental feature signals respectively; A state assessment unit, whose input is connected to the output of the detection unit, is used to receive the environmental feature signal; the state assessment unit is configured to generate a state signal based on the environmental feature signal. The control unit has a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the detection unit for receiving the target feature signal; and a second input terminal connected to the output terminal of the state evaluation unit for receiving the state signal. The control unit is configured to: determine the detonation mode based on the target characteristic signal, determine the detonation timing based on the status signal, and then generate the corresponding detonation command.

[0068] In some embodiments, the output of the state assessment unit is connected to the feedback input of the detection unit; The detection unit is configured to dynamically adjust the weighting coefficients of the target information and various environmental information in the fusion process based on the state signal.

[0069] Specifically, the fuse can adopt a three-element cascaded control architecture, which achieves precise destruction of targets in complex battlefield environments through a three-level coupling mechanism of "environmental perception - state generation - detonation decision".

[0070] Before system deployment, a database of environmental and target characteristics covering typical combat scenarios can be constructed through various means, including laboratory calibration, live-fire flight testing, fuse-warhead coordinated testing, and high-fidelity digital simulation. To improve the physical realism and generalization capability of the database, this invention establishes a series of analytical models for signal propagation and scattering under environmental interference based on multiphysics mechanisms, including: To address shock wave disturbances during high-speed flight, an analytical model for pulsed laser echo waveforms applicable to arbitrary Mach numbers and projectile cone angles is established to compensate for waveform distortion in laser ranging under supersonic conditions. The expression is as follows:

[0071] For smog / dust environments, a multiple scattering propagation model based on Mie scattering theory and Monte Carlo simulation is constructed to characterize the attenuation and background noise characteristics of laser light in aerosol media. The expression is as follows:

[0072] To address cloud-based meteorological clutter, a model for laser detection attenuation and diffusion in clouds is established to quantify the effective detection range under different liquid water contents. The expression is as follows:

[0073] To address near-field interference, a smoke backscattering signal calculation model is proposed to distinguish between real target echoes and near-range false reflections. The expression is as follows:

[0074] For electronic warfare environments, an anti-jamming processing method based on average range sidelobe suppression is designed to reduce the response amplitude of decoys or noise interference in the range dimension. The expression is as follows:

[0075] For millimeter-wave linear frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) detection, a target echo model with multiple scattering centers is established to accurately describe the micro-motion and structural characteristics of complex targets such as UAVs and loitering munitions. The expression is as follows:

[0076] The aforementioned model generates a large amount of labeled simulation data through parametric scanning (such as Mach number, visibility, cloud thickness, and interference intensity), which, together with measured data, constitutes an environmental multiphysics database. Based on this, mathematical statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) are used to train environmental identification functions and target feature functions. These functions are used to map the raw sensor data collected in real-time by the fuze into discriminable environmental and target feature signals.

[0077] The detection unit is used for multi-source information acquisition and feature extraction. Its input is raw sensor signals, and its output is target feature signals and environmental feature signals. Target information may include: range, velocity, radar cross section (RCS), Doppler frequency shift, angular scintillation characteristics, etc.; environmental information may include: acceleration, angular velocity, air pressure, temperature, electromagnetic interference intensity, projectile spin rate, etc. The detection unit may consist of at least two of the following: a millimeter-wave radar transceiver (for ranging and velocity extraction), a MEMS inertial measurement unit (IMU, for acquiring projectile attitude and overload), an air pressure / temperature sensor array (for altitude and atmospheric environment estimation), a passive radio frequency detection module (for identifying target communication or navigation signals), and a laser Doppler velocimeter (for high-precision relative velocity measurement).

[0078] The input of the state assessment unit is connected to the output of the detection unit, receiving environmental characteristic signals and generating a state signal characterizing the current operating state of the fuze based on a preset state model. The operating state can include stable flight state, violent flight dynamics, strong interference state, and terminal approach state.

[0079] The state assessment unit is configured to dynamically estimate system delay based on environmental characteristic signals and generate state variables to compensate for detonation timing deviations. To improve the accuracy of delay estimation, this invention introduces a priori information-assisted delay estimation and compensation mechanism, including: In embodiments with imaging capabilities, a driving delay estimation method based on the image gray-level weighted least squares criterion is employed. This method utilizes the spatial gradient characteristics of the gray-level distribution in the target region to invert the response delay of the signal processing link. The expression for this method is:

[0080] An adaptive time delay mathematical model based on spectral characteristics is constructed: The actual target is treated as a three-dimensional volume scatterer. By extracting the spectral broadening and center frequency shift of the Doppler signal, the rendezvous velocity between the projectile and the target, the equivalent size of the target, and the total system time delay are estimated. Then, the time delay model is dynamically corrected using the target size parameter, and the optimal detonation zone is defined. The relationship between the projectile-target rendezvous parameters and the spectral information is as follows:

[0081] Meanwhile, it supports the cross-input of prior information from weapon platforms: the state assessment unit can receive prior data from the launch platform (such as initial velocity, launch angle, ballistic model or rough target trajectory) and fuse it with real-time sensor data to achieve dynamic adjustment of the time delay weight of each detection source.

[0082] The state evaluation unit can be an embedded state machine (based on rule threshold judgment), a lightweight neural network classifier (which outputs discrete state labels after training), or a Kalman filter bank (used to estimate delay and dynamic error and generate confidence state variables), etc.

[0083] The control unit is configured to: identify the target type (e.g., FPV drone vs. anti-tank missile) based on target characteristic signals and match the corresponding detonation mode (e.g., large fragmentation mode for penetrating hard armor targets, small fragmentation mode for engaging clusters of soft targets); and simultaneously determine the detonation timing based on status signals—that is, the optimal detonation moment determined during the interceptor's flight based on the target's motion state, the relative geometry between the interceptor and the target, and the fuze's own operational status. This moment corresponds to the optimal damage distance and relative attitude between the interceptor and the target, ensuring that the fragmentation cloud effectively covers critical parts of the target.

[0084] In this application, the detonation timing is not a fixed preset value, but is dynamically corrected by the status signal to compensate for timing deviations caused by projectile maneuvering, environmental disturbances or sensor delays, thereby achieving high-precision terminal detonation control.

[0085] To improve the damage effectiveness against high-speed linear targets (such as rockets and loitering munitions), this invention introduces a virtual closed-loop target adaptive detonation control mechanism, including: To address the issue of low single-attack capture probability, a laser circumferential detection system (i.e., a ring-arranged multi-channel pulsed laser transceiver unit) is employed, significantly improving the spatial coverage and capture capability for axial high-speed targets. The analytical formulas for the pulsed laser echo waveform and minimum detectable optical power of planar targets are as follows:

[0086] Based on the terminal ballistic characteristics of attack rockets, a target-target rendezvous model for a laser circumferential detection system is established to calculate the azimuth angle and time of the target's crossing of the laser plane in real time. The expression is as follows:

[0087] After the proximity fuse detonates, the kill effect is assessed by analyzing the damage caused to the target by the fragments generated by the warhead. The conditional expression for fragments hitting the target is:

[0088] At the moment t when the projectile and the target collide, the coordinate position of the target in the fragmentation concentration is expressed as:

[0089] For proximity fuses, the width of the target damage zone generated by the detonating warhead is:

[0090] The probability of k segments hitting the target can be expressed as:

[0091] The time delay and angle models for the pulsed laser circumferential detection system under optimal detonation projectile-target intersection conditions are as follows:

[0092] in,

[0093] Through the above mechanism, the control unit not only selects the detonation mode according to the target type, but also dynamically adjusts the detonation parameters based on the physical damage model, significantly improving the interception success rate of low, slow, small and high-speed hard targets.

[0094] Furthermore, the output of the state assessment unit is connected to the feedback input of the detection unit, forming a closed-loop feedback path. Based on the received state signal, the detection unit dynamically adjusts the weighting coefficients of target information and environmental information in the fusion processing to optimize sensing performance. For example, when the state signal indicates a "strong electromagnetic interference state," the weight of passive radio frequency detection data is reduced to increase the confidence of IMU and barometric pressure data; when the state signal indicates a "terminal approach state," the sampling frequency and weight of millimeter-wave radar echo data are increased to suppress low-frequency environmental noise interference.

[0095] Through the aforementioned ternary cascade and dynamic feedback mechanism, this fuze can achieve intelligent control of the entire process from adaptive perception to state-driven detonation in highly dynamic and highly interfered combat environments, significantly improving its interception effectiveness against low-speed, small targets and high-speed, hard targets.

[0096] A third aspect of this application provides a detonation control method with switchable fragmentation modes, applied to a weapon system as described in the second aspect, comprising: Obtain target information; The target type is determined based on the target information; Generate detonation instructions based on the target type, in order to: The second charge of the weapon system's warhead is detonated separately; or... The first and second charges of the weapon system's warhead detonate simultaneously.

[0097] In some embodiments, it also includes: Acquire multiple environmental information while acquiring target information; The target information and the various environmental information are fused together, and target feature values ​​and environmental feature values ​​are extracted based on the fusion result. The target type is determined based on the target feature values; A state signal is generated based on the environmental feature values; The detonation mode is determined based on the target type, the detonation timing is determined based on the status signal, and then the corresponding detonation command is generated.

[0098] In some embodiments, prior to generating the corresponding detonation command, the method further includes: The state signal is continuously fed back to the fusion process to dynamically adjust the weighting coefficients of the target information and various environmental information in the fusion.

[0099] In some embodiments, it also includes: Obtain prior information from the weapon platform; The detonation timing is compensated based on the prior information; The prior information includes at least one of the following: missile-target rendezvous angle, relative velocity, target size, flight phase, or aircraft attitude.

[0100] Specifically, the specific implementation methods of the detonation control method with switchable fragmentation modes in the third aspect of this application (including sensor configuration, feature extraction algorithm, state model, damage assessment logic, etc.) can be referred to the specific implementation methods of the weapon system described in the second aspect, and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the "target feature value" and "environmental feature value" in the method described in the third aspect of this application are respectively carried by the target feature signal and the environmental feature signal output by the detection unit in the hardware implementation of the weapon system described in the second aspect. That is, at the method level, it is manifested as a discriminable feature value, and at the device level, it is manifested as a continuous or frame-by-frame output feature signal stream.

[0101] A weapon platform refers to a combat vehicle that integrates a fire control system and is used to launch or deliver munitions, such as ground artillery, vehicle-mounted launchers, ships, or combat aircraft. It can provide auxiliary information to the fuse related to launch conditions, target priors, or ballistic status.

[0102] Prior information refers to known or predictive data about the target, environment, or trajectory provided to the fuze by the weapon platform of an external system before the fuze is activated (i.e., before the ammunition is fired or in the early stages of flight). This data is used to guide the fuze in completing initial state settings, trajectory calculations, or detonation point predictions.

[0103] The detonation control method with switchable fragmentation mode provided in the third aspect of this application, when applied to the weapon system of the second aspect, has similar technical effects to the weapon system of the second aspect.

[0104] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A warhead with switchable fragmentation mode, characterized in that, include: The housing has a first groove and a second groove, wherein the depth of the first groove is greater than the depth of the second groove; The annular first charge has its outer wall fitted against the inner wall of the shell; An explosion-proof ring is located inside the first explosive charge; The second charge is located inside the explosion-proof ring; Wherein, the first charge and the second charge are configured to detonate independently or simultaneously, and such that: In the case of detonating the second charge alone, the first groove breaks, while the second groove remains intact, forming the first fragment; When the first and second charges are detonated simultaneously, both the first and second grooves break, forming a second fragment smaller than the first fragment.

2. The warhead with switchable fragmentation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first groove and the second groove are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the housing; and / or, The first groove and the second groove are arranged alternately along the circumference of the housing.

3. The warhead with switchable fragmentation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The first end cap is connected to the first end of the housing; The first end cap is provided with a first fuse hole, which is used to install a first detonation assembly coupled to the first explosive charge; The first end cap is provided with at least three second fuse holes, which are arranged along a circumferential trajectory; all three second fuse holes are used to install a second detonation assembly coupled to the second charge.

4. A weapon system, characterized in that, include: The warhead with switchable fragmentation mode as described in any one of claims 1-3; as well as, A fuze, installed on the warhead, is used to acquire target information and selectively output detonation commands based on the target information, so as to: Trigger the second charge of the warhead to detonate separately; or... The first and second charges of the warhead are triggered to detonate simultaneously.

5. The weapon system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fuse includes: The detection unit is configured to acquire the target information and various environmental information and perform fusion processing to generate target feature signals and environmental feature signals respectively; A state assessment unit, whose input is connected to the output of the detection unit, is used to receive the environmental feature signal; the state assessment unit is configured to generate a state signal based on the environmental feature signal. The control unit has a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the detection unit for receiving the target feature signal; and a second input terminal connected to the output terminal of the state evaluation unit for receiving the state signal. The control unit is configured to: determine the detonation mode based on the target characteristic signal, determine the detonation timing based on the status signal, and then generate the corresponding detonation command.

6. The weapon system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The output of the state assessment unit is connected to the feedback input of the detection unit; The detection unit is configured to dynamically adjust the weighting coefficients of the target information and various environmental information in the fusion process based on the state signal.

7. A detonation control method with switchable fragmentation modes, applied to a weapon system as described in any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, include: Obtain target information; The target type is determined based on the target information; Generate detonation instructions based on the target type, in order to: The second charge of the weapon system's warhead is detonated separately; or... The first and second charges of the weapon system's warhead detonate simultaneously.

8. The detonation control method with switchable fragmentation mode according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: Acquire multiple environmental information while acquiring target information; The target information and the various environmental information are fused together, and target feature values ​​and environmental feature values ​​are extracted based on the fusion result. The target type is determined based on the target feature values; A state signal is generated based on the environmental feature values; The detonation mode is determined based on the target type, the detonation timing is determined based on the status signal, and then the corresponding detonation command is generated.

9. The detonation control method with switchable fragmentation mode according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before generating the corresponding detonation command, the method further includes: The state signal is continuously fed back to the fusion process to dynamically adjust the weighting coefficients of the target information and various environmental information in the fusion.

10. The detonation control method with switchable fragmentation mode according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Obtain prior information from the weapon platform; The detonation timing is compensated based on the prior information; The prior information includes at least one of the following: missile-target rendezvous angle, relative velocity, target size, flight phase, or aircraft attitude.

Images