Self-weight type multi-parameter ocean shallow surface layer geological monitoring system and data interpretation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ocean monitoring, and mainly provides a self-weight type multi-parameter ocean shallow surface layer geological monitoring system and a data interpretation method. The system comprises a main body frame and a data acquisition assembly, and the top of the main body frame is provided with a hoisting structure used for being connected with a crane; the data acquisition assemblies are uniformly arranged on the main body frame in an array manner, each data acquisition assembly comprises a movable platform, a guide rod and a probe rod, the guide rod is longitudinally arranged on the main body frame, the movable platform is slidably mounted on the guide rod, the probe rod is longitudinally arranged, one section of the probe rod is connected to the bottom of the movable platform, and the other section of the probe rod is slidably mounted on the guide rod; the other end of the probe rod slidably penetrates through the bottom of the main body frame, a probe is integrated on the probe rod, and the types of probes integrated on the probes of the plurality of data acquisition assemblies are different. The method can improve the collection comprehensiveness of the geological data of the ocean shallow surface layer, thereby improving the precision and reliability of geological state identification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine monitoring technology, specifically relating to a self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system and a data interpretation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development and application of marine resources in my country, the frequency of operations on the seabed is increasing. However, our understanding of the geological conditions of the ocean floor is still in its early stages, requiring the acquisition of marine geological data through various means. Among these, data on the geological environment of seabed sediments are particularly important, as this type of sediment covers a large area of ​​the seabed, and modern wind power, mining, construction, aquaculture, and other engineering operations all require the use of seabed sediments. Therefore, obtaining geological data from the shallow surface of the ocean is especially crucial.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for collecting geological data from shallow marine surfaces typically involve inserting probes into seabed sediments and integrating several sensors onto these probes. These probe-type monitoring devices are mechanically implanted at a certain depth below the seabed, and their integrated sensors can perform in-situ measurements of local parameters such as pore water pressure, temperature, and tilt of the surrounding soil, thus achieving point-to-point, contact-based data collection.

[0004] However, existing technical solutions have significant limitations. First, their deployment and operation heavily rely on large, specialized drilling equipment or heavy penetration mechanisms, and depend on continuous power supply and operational support from operating vessels. This results in a bulky system with poor maneuverability, operational windows heavily constrained by sea conditions, and high operating costs. Second, limited by the physical dimensions and structural strength of a single probe, the types and number of sensors that can be mounted are limited, resulting in a single observation dimension. It is difficult to simultaneously acquire multi-parameter, high-density spatial distribution data on the same profile, thus hindering comprehensive and three-dimensional monitoring and inversion of regional geological structural changes or physical field evolution. Furthermore, the sensors are concentrated at single points or in very small areas, leading to insufficient data representativeness. In addition, sensors are susceptible to biological adhesion, mechanical stress, or connection failures during long-term deployment, resulting in limited spatial coverage, long-term continuity, and overall reliability of the acquired data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a self-weight-based multi-parameter marine shallow-surface geological monitoring system and data interpretation method, which can improve the comprehensiveness of marine shallow-surface geological data acquisition, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of geological state identification. The specific technical solution is as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow surface geological monitoring system, comprising: The main frame, with a hoisting structure at its top for connection with a crane; The data acquisition components are arranged in multiple sets and uniformly arrayed on the main frame. Each data acquisition component includes a movable platform, a guide rod, and a probe rod. The guide rod is arranged longitudinally on the main frame, and the movable platform is slidably mounted on the guide rod. The probe rod is arranged longitudinally, with one end connected to the bottom of the movable platform and the other end slidably passing through the bottom of the main frame. The probe rod integrates a probe of different types. The probe rods of the multiple data acquisition components integrate different types of probes.

[0006] Optionally, the data acquisition components are provided in four groups and arranged in a circular array on the main frame. The probes of the four groups of data acquisition components are respectively integrated with resistivity probes, temperature probes, pore water pressure probes and comprehensive probes for simultaneously detecting resistivity, temperature and pore water pressure.

[0007] Optionally, a plurality of probes are evenly spaced along the extension direction on the probe rod.

[0008] Optionally, the main frame includes a top plate and a bottom plate arranged at intervals, the top plate and the bottom plate are connected by multiple support arms, the guide rod is connected between the top plate and the bottom plate, the bottom of the probe rod is slidably inserted through the bottom plate, and a counterweight is installed on the movable platform; The hoisting structure includes a hoisting frame and flexible steel cables. Multiple flexible steel cables are provided corresponding to the movable platform. The flexible steel cables are slidably threaded through the top plate, with one end connected to the corresponding movable platform and the other end connected to the hoisting frame.

[0009] Optionally, the data acquisition component further includes an auxiliary penetration mechanism, including a bracket mounted on the base plate and a friction wheel mechanism mounted on the bracket. The probe rod is slidably inserted through the bracket. The friction wheel mechanism includes a clamping electric cylinder horizontally mounted on the bracket. The output end of the clamping electric cylinder is provided with a drive motor. The output end of the drive motor is connected to the friction wheel. The friction wheel contacts the outer wall of the probe rod. The auxiliary penetration mechanism is provided in two sets and is symmetrically arranged relative to the probe rod.

[0010] Optionally, the main frame is provided with a battery compartment and a measurement and control compartment and a data acquisition compartment connected to the battery compartment. The measurement and control compartment is equipped with a measurement and control module for controlling the operation of the auxiliary penetration mechanism and the data acquisition compartment. The data acquisition compartment is communicatively connected to the probe.

[0011] Optionally, a compensation fuel tank is provided on the main frame, and the compensation fuel tank is connected to the battery compartment, the measurement and control compartment and the data acquisition compartment respectively.

[0012] Optionally, a temperature and salinity depth testing device is installed on the support arm.

[0013] Optionally, the base plate is provided with a guide sleeve that matches the probe rod.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a data interpretation method, implemented based on the self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system described in the first aspect, comprising: The probe acquires multi-parameter geological data, including resistivity data, pore water pressure data, and temperature data. The multi-parameter geological data are spatialized to establish a three-dimensional parameter field, which includes a resistivity field, a pore water pressure field, and a temperature field. Based on the three-dimensional parameter field, a comprehensive geological state index is calculated using a multi-parameter fusion algorithm. This comprehensive geological state index is used to characterize the regional geological state.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: The data interpretation method provided in this invention fully utilizes the three-dimensional multi-parameter data acquired by a self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system. It establishes a three-dimensional parameter field through spatial processing and calculates a comprehensive geological state index using a multi-parameter fusion algorithm, achieving accurate, comprehensive, and dynamic identification of the regional geological state. This method overcomes the ambiguity and limitations of traditional single-parameter interpretation, improving the comprehensive judgment ability on soil type, density, saturation, seepage state, temperature anomalies, and their spatiotemporal evolution. It provides reliable data support and decision-making basis for marine engineering design, geological disaster early warning, and scientific research. Especially in complex heterogeneous soils, multi-layered strata, and areas with active geological activity, the advantages of this method are even more prominent, significantly improving the precision of geological exploration and engineering safety. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system under hoisting conditions provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system under monitoring conditions provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the data acquisition component provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary penetration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on the base plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is a flowchart of a data interpretation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1-Main frame; 2-Lifting structure; 3-Data acquisition component; 11-Top plate; 12-Bottom plate; 13-Support arm; 14-Battery compartment; 15-Control and monitoring compartment; 16-Data acquisition compartment; 17-Compensation oil tank; 21-Lifting frame; 22-Flexible steel cable; 31-Moving platform; 32-Guide rod; 33-Probe rod; 34-Auxiliary penetration mechanism; 121-Guide sleeve; 131-Temperature, salinity and depth testing device; 331-Probe; 341-Bracket; 342-Clamping electric cylinder; 343-Drive motor; 344-Friction wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system under hoisting conditions provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system under monitoring conditions provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the data acquisition component provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary penetration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on the base plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system, including a main frame 1 and data acquisition components 3. A hoisting structure 2 for connection to a crane is provided on the top of the main frame 1. Multiple sets of data acquisition components 3 are evenly arrayed on the main frame 1. Each data acquisition component 3 includes a movable platform 31, a guide rod 32, and a probe 33. The guide rod 32 is longitudinally arranged on the main frame 1, and the movable platform 31 is slidably mounted on the guide rod 32. The probe 33 is longitudinally arranged, with one end connected to the bottom of the movable platform 31 and the other end slidably passing through the bottom of the main frame 1. A probe 331 is integrated on the probe 33 of each of the multiple data acquisition components 3. The types of probes 331 integrated on the probe 33 of each component are different.

[0020] The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system provided in this embodiment of the invention achieves the technical effect of multiple probes simultaneously penetrating seabed sediments by arranging multiple sets of data acquisition components 3 in an array on the main frame 1. Each set of data acquisition components 3 includes an independent movable platform 31, a guide rod 32, and a probe 33. Specifically, a hoisting structure 2 set at the top of the main frame 1 is connected to a crane and is used to transport the entire monitoring system to the operating area and deploy it on the seabed. The hoisting structure 2 includes a lifting frame 21 and flexible steel cables 22. Multiple flexible steel cables 22 are provided for each movable platform 31. Each flexible steel cable 22 is slidably threaded on the top plate 11, with one end connected to the corresponding movable platform 31 and the other end connected to the lifting frame 21. This design allows all movable platforms 31 to be simultaneously pulled and lifted to the highest position by flexible steel cables 22 during hoisting. During the penetration operation, each movable platform 31 can sink independently and push its own probe 33 downward to penetrate without interfering with each other. This effectively avoids penetration failure caused by mutual jamming of mechanisms or differences in terrain at a single point, and significantly improves the reliability and adaptability of the system.

[0021] Furthermore, the technical feature of uniformly arraying the data acquisition components 3 on the main frame 1 enables spatial multi-parameter monitoring of the test area. In a preferred embodiment, four sets of data acquisition components 3 are arranged in a circular array. The four sets of probes 33 are located equidistantly along the positive and negative directions of the X and Y axes of a rectangular coordinate system with the center of the test area as the origin, with a radius of 1 meter from the origin. The probes 33 of the four sets of data acquisition components 3 integrate different types of probes 331: the first probe 33 integrates a resistivity probe, the second probe 33 integrates a pore water pressure probe, the third probe 33 integrates a temperature probe, and the fourth probe 33 integrates a comprehensive probe (simultaneously measuring resistivity, pore water pressure, and temperature). Each probe 33 has multiple probes 331 evenly spaced along its extension direction, preferably N sets, with equal spacing between each set of probes 331, thereby achieving multi-point data acquisition along the depth direction. This configuration enables the system to simultaneously acquire multi-parameter geological data at different locations and depths, laying a data foundation for subsequent three-dimensional parametric field reconstruction and multi-parameter fusion interpretation. Compared to traditional single-probe single-parameter measurement technology, this embodiment of the invention can obtain regional three-dimensional multi-parameter information at the same time, overcoming the ambiguity of single-parameter interpretation and significantly improving the comprehensive judgment ability of soil type, density, saturation, seepage state, and temperature anomalies.

[0022] In terms of structural design, the main frame 1 adopts a layered frame structure, including a top plate 11 and a bottom plate 12 arranged at intervals. The top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 are connected by multiple support arms 13 to form a stable spatial frame. The guide rod 32 is longitudinally connected between the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12, providing precise guiding constraints for the vertical sliding of the movable platform 31, ensuring that the probe 33 remains vertical during penetration and avoiding measurement errors caused by skewness. The movable platform 31 is slidably mounted on the guide rod 32, with the probe 33 connected to its bottom and a counterweight installed on its top. The weight of the counterweight is designed according to the penetration resistance of the probe 33 and the required penetration depth, typically ranging from several hundred kilograms to several tons, providing the main driving force for the penetration of the probe 33. The probe 33 is slidably mounted on the base plate 12. A guide sleeve 121, matching the probe 33, is provided on the base plate 12. This guide sleeve 121 not only provides support and guidance for the probe 33 but also acts as a seal, preventing sediment from entering the main frame 1 during penetration and protecting the safe operation of the internal electrical equipment. This structural design allows the movable platform 31 to sink smoothly under the action of counterweights, propelling the probe 33 into the seabed sediments for in-situ measurement.

[0023] To further improve penetration efficiency and precisely control penetration speed, each data acquisition component 3 is also equipped with an auxiliary penetration mechanism 34. This auxiliary penetration mechanism 34 includes a bracket 341 mounted on the base plate 12 and a friction wheel mechanism mounted on the bracket 341. The probe 33 is slidably inserted through the bracket 341. The friction wheel mechanism includes a clamping electric cylinder 342 horizontally mounted on the bracket 341, a drive motor 343, and a friction wheel 344. The output end of the clamping electric cylinder 342 is equipped with the drive motor 343, and the output end of the drive motor 343 is connected to the friction wheel 344, which is in close contact with the outer wall of the probe 33. In a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary penetration mechanism 34 has two sets arranged symmetrically relative to the probe 33. The two sets of friction wheels 344 are located on opposite sides of the probe 33, and are pushed closer to the probe 33 by the clamping electric cylinder 342, forming a clamping force on the probe 33. The drive motor 343 drives the friction wheel 344 to rotate. The friction between the friction wheel 344 and the surface of the probe 33 can assist in pushing the probe 33 downwards, or apply a reverse friction force to slow down the penetration if the penetration speed is too fast, thereby achieving precise control of the penetration speed. According to international standards, the standard penetration speed for static cone penetration testing is 2 cm / s. In this embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary penetration mechanism 34 can monitor the penetration speed in real time through the measurement and control module and adjust the rotation speed of the friction wheel 344 to ensure that the penetration speed of the probe 33 is maintained within the range of 2 ± 0.2 cm / s, meeting standardized testing requirements and ensuring the accuracy and comparability of the data.

[0024] The monitoring system of this embodiment is also equipped with a complete energy and control system. A battery compartment 14, a measurement and control compartment 15, and a data acquisition compartment 16 are mounted on the main frame 1. The battery compartment 14 contains a large-capacity lithium battery pack or fuel cell, providing a long-term stable power supply for the entire system, supporting continuous operation for weeks to months without an external power source. The measurement and control compartment 15 houses a measurement and control module for controlling the auxiliary penetration mechanism 34 and the data acquisition compartment 16. This module includes a microprocessor, memory, communication interface, and control circuitry, capable of receiving real-time data from the probe 331, controlling the movement of the clamping electric cylinder 342 and the drive motor 343, and adjusting the penetration speed according to a preset program or remote commands. The measurement and control module also integrates a pore water pressure sensor to detect the water depth environment in which the system is located. During the deck preparation stage, the sensor detects that the system is above water, and the measurement and control module controls the clamping cylinder 342 to push the friction wheel 344 to clamp and lock the probe 33, preventing the probe 33 from sinking due to its own weight. After the system enters the water and is lowered to the seabed, the pore water pressure sensor detects an increase in water pressure, and the measurement and control module immediately releases the lock of the friction wheel 344, allowing the movable platform 31 to push the probe 33 to begin penetration under the action of the counterweight. The data acquisition cabin 16 is communicatively connected to the probe 331 and is responsible for acquiring, storing, and processing multi-parameter data from each probe 331. This cabin is equipped with a high-precision data acquisition card, signal conditioning circuitry, and large-capacity storage device, which can synchronously acquire data from all probes 331 and time-stamp the data to ensure spatiotemporal consistency.

[0025] Considering the high-pressure conditions of the deep-sea environment, a compensation oil tank 17 is also installed on the main frame 1. This compensation oil tank 17 is connected to the battery compartment 14, the telemetry and control compartment 15, and the data acquisition compartment 16. The compensation oil tank 17 contains incompressible hydraulic oil and is connected to the internal space of each compartment through pipelines. When the system is lowered to deep-sea operations, as the water depth increases and the environmental pressure rises, the hydraulic oil in the compensation oil tank 17 flows into each compartment under pressure, balancing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the compartment and preventing the compartment walls from deforming or rupturing due to excessive pressure difference, thus protecting the safety of the internal equipment. This hydraulic oil-filled compensation technology is a common technique used in deep-sea equipment, enabling the system to adapt to various operating depths from shallow seas to depths of several thousand meters, significantly expanding the system's application range.

[0026] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth System (CTD) 131 is also installed on the support arm 13. This device can measure the conductivity (salinity), temperature, and depth of the surrounding seawater in real time, providing environmental reference information for the interpretation of geological data. For example, changes in seawater temperature may affect the temperature distribution of pore water in sediments, and changes in salinity may affect resistivity measurement results. These environmental factors need to be considered and corrected during data interpretation. The installation of the CTD 131 enables the system to acquire not only the internal parameters of seabed sediments but also the external seawater environmental parameters simultaneously, achieving three-dimensional monitoring with internal and external linkages, and providing richer data support for comprehensive analysis.

[0027] The working process of the monitoring system provided in this embodiment of the invention is described in detail below. During the deck preparation stage, operators use a crane to lift the lifting frame 21, and flexible steel cables 22 pull all movable platforms 31 to the highest position above the top plate 11. At this time, the lower ends of all probes 33 are above the bottom plate 12, and the entire system is in a retracted state, facilitating transportation and lowering. The operator starts the system, and the monitoring and control module detects that the pore water pressure sensor indicates the system is in an underwater environment. It immediately controls each clamping electric cylinder 342 to push the friction wheel 344 to clamp and lock each probe 33, preventing the probes 33 from slipping due to their own weight during hoisting and transportation. After the system starts, the data acquisition cabin 16 begins recording initial state data, and the temperature, salinity, and depth testing device 131 begins monitoring environmental parameters.

[0028] When the system is transferred into the water by a crane, the pore water pressure sensor detects an increase in water pressure. The control module determines that the system has entered the water and immediately releases the locking state of the friction wheel 344. However, at this time, the friction wheel 344 still maintains slight contact with the probe 33, remaining in a standby state. As the system continues to descend, the temperature, salinity, and depth (TDT) testing device 131 monitors the water depth changes in real time. When the system approaches the seabed surface, the control module prepares to begin the penetration operation based on the preset operating depth or received remote instructions. After the system touches the bottom, the movable platform 31 begins to move downward under the action of the counterweight, pushing the probe 33 into the seabed sediment. In the initial stage of penetration, if the soil is relatively soft, the probe 33 can penetrate at a near-standard speed of 2 cm / s under the action of the counterweight. At this time, the friction wheel 344 passively rotates as the probe 33 sinks, exerting almost no additional resistance or driving force on the penetration process.

[0029] However, when the probe 33 penetrates into harder soil layers or encounters obstacles, the penetration resistance increases, and the penetration speed decreases or even stops. The monitoring and control module calculates the penetration speed in real time by monitoring the sinking displacement and time of the probe 33. When the penetration speed is detected to be lower than the set threshold (e.g., 1.5 cm / s), the monitoring and control module immediately activates the auxiliary penetration function, controlling the drive motor 343 to accelerate its rotation. The friction between the friction wheel 344 and the surface of the probe 33 pushes the probe 33 downward, providing additional driving force for penetration and restoring the penetration speed to the standard range. Conversely, if the probe 33 encounters extremely soft soil layers or cavities during penetration, the penetration speed may exceed the standard value (e.g., greater than 2.5 cm / s). In this case, the monitoring and control module controls the drive motor 343 to rotate in the opposite direction or brake, and the friction wheel 344 applies an upward frictional force to the probe 33, which slows down the speed and prevents the probe 331 from being damaged or data from being distorted due to excessive penetration speed. This real-time feedback and adaptive adjustment mechanism ensures stable speed and reliable data throughout the entire penetration process, which is an important technical advantage of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] During penetration, each probe 331 continuously collects data along the axis of the probe rod 33. Taking the resistivity probe as an example, it injects a weak current into the surrounding soil through electrodes, measures the potential difference, and calculates the soil resistivity according to Ohm's law. The magnitude of resistivity reflects the porosity, saturation, and mineral composition of the soil: high resistivity usually corresponds to dry, dense, or high-quartz-content soil, while low resistivity corresponds to saturated, loose, or high-clay-content soil. The pore water pressure probe measures the water pressure in the soil pores through a pressure sensor. This parameter reflects the stress state and seepage characteristics of the soil: the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressure can reveal the consolidation state and drainage capacity of the soil. The temperature probe measures the soil temperature. This parameter not only reflects the seabed heat flow state but is also related to the thermophysical properties of the soil and groundwater activity. The integrated probe simultaneously collects these three types of data, providing crucial verification and supplementary information for multi-parameter fusion. All data from probes 331 are transmitted to the data acquisition chamber 16 via wired or wireless means, and stored after signal conditioning, analog-to-digital conversion and time stamping, in preparation for subsequent data interpretation.

[0031] Once all probes 33 have penetrated to the predetermined depth (e.g., 3 meters), the movable platforms 31 cease sinking, and the system enters long-term monitoring mode. In this mode, probes 331 continue to collect data at a set sampling frequency (e.g., once per hour) to monitor the temporal changes in soil parameters. This long-term continuous monitoring can capture fluctuations in soil parameters caused by external factors such as tides, ocean currents, and temperature changes, as well as the soil's own consolidation and creep processes, providing early warning signals for geological disasters (e.g., landslides, liquefaction). When the monitoring task is completed or the system needs to be retrieved, the control module controls the drive motors 343 of each auxiliary penetration mechanism 34 to rotate in the opposite direction via acoustic remote control or a preset time trigger, and the friction wheels 344 apply an upward pulling force to the probes 33. Simultaneously, the lifting frame 21 pulls each movable platform 31 upward via flexible steel cables 22. Under the action of multiple forces, the probes 33 are gradually pulled out of the sediment, the system returns to its retracted state, and is retrieved to the deck by the operating vessel.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a data interpretation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, based on the aforementioned self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system, this embodiment of the invention also provides a data interpretation method. This method fully utilizes the multi-probe, multi-parameter, and multi-depth three-dimensional data acquired by the system, and through spatial processing and multi-parameter fusion algorithms, achieves accurate identification of the regional geological state. This data interpretation method includes the following steps: S1. Acquire multi-parameter geological data collected by the probe 331. The multi-parameter geological data includes resistivity data, pore water pressure data, and temperature data.

[0033] Specifically, the N resistivity probes of the first probe rod 33 collect resistivity sequences along the depth direction, denoted as {ρ1(z1), ρ1(z2), ..., ρ1(z... k )}, where z k This represents the depth of the k-th probe (k=1, 2, ..., N). Similarly, the second probe 33 collects the pore water pressure sequence {u2(z1), u2(z2), ..., u2(zk)}, and the third probe 33 collects the temperature sequence {T3(z1), T3(z2), ..., T3(zk)}. k The fourth probe, 33, serves as a composite probe, simultaneously collecting three types of data to obtain the sequence {ρ4(z)}. k ), u4(z k ), T4(z kAll data are time-synchronized during acquisition to ensure comparability of data from different probes and depths at the same time. The technical advantage of this step is that, through the spatial distribution of multiple probes and the depth distribution of multiple probes, a discrete multi-parameter dataset covering the three-dimensional space of the test area is obtained, providing a data foundation for subsequent spatialization processing. Compared to traditional single-probe technology, this method can simultaneously acquire parameter information from different spatial locations, avoiding the randomness and bias of single-point measurements, and significantly improving the representativeness and reliability of the data.

[0034] S2. Spatialize the multi-parameter geological data to establish a three-dimensional parameter field, which includes resistivity field, pore water pressure field and temperature field.

[0035] Spatial processing was performed on the multi-parameter geological data to establish a three-dimensional parameter field. Since the four probes 33 are spatially discrete, the data they collect only represent soil parameters at their respective locations. To obtain parameter values ​​for any point within the test area, spatial interpolation is required. First, the depth coordinates were normalized by dividing the actual depth z by the maximum penetration depth H, resulting in the normalized depth h = z / H. The value of h ranges from 0 to 1, where h = 0 represents the seabed surface and h = 1 represents the maximum penetration depth. Normalization ensures that data from different depths have uniform dimensionless coordinates, facilitating subsequent interpolation calculations.

[0036] Next, spatial interpolation methods, such as inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation or Kriging interpolation, are used to extend the discrete probe data into a continuous three-dimensional parameter field. With the center of the test area as the origin O, four probes 33 are orthogonally distributed on a circle with a radius R = 1 meter from the origin. For any point (r, θ, h) within the test area, where r is the distance from the point to the origin (0 ≤ r ≤ R), θ is the azimuth angle (0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π), and h is the normalized depth (0 ≤ h ≤ 1), the parameter value of that point can be obtained by weighted averaging of the data from the surrounding probes.

[0037] For any depth h, the parameter estimate at the center of the circle is: in, In the formula, Represents the target parameters (ρ, u, T). Let d be the measured value of the i-th probe 33 at depth h. i The horizontal distance from the interpolation point (here, the center of the circle) to probe i (for the center of the circle, d) i =R=1m), p is the distance weighting index (usually taken as 2).

[0038] Specifically, when using inverse distance weighted interpolation, the parameter value at the target point is equal to the weighted sum of the parameter values ​​of each probe at that depth. The weight is inversely proportional to the p-th power of the distance from the target point to each probe, where p is usually taken as 2. By performing interpolation calculations on a large number of points in the test area, resistivity field ρ(r, θ, h), pore water pressure field u(r, θ, h), and temperature field T(r, θ, h) are established. Each parameter field is a continuous function in three-dimensional space, fully describing the spatial distribution law of soil parameters in the test area.

[0039] The technical advantage of this step lies in transforming point-based discrete measurement data into a volume-based continuous parameter field, achieving an upgrade in geological exploration from "point" to "volume." Traditional single-probe technology can only provide one-dimensional depth profile data, while this invention, through the spatial deployment of multiple probes and interpolation algorithms, constructs a three-dimensional parameter field covering the entire test cylinder area. This field can intuitively display the three-dimensional distribution characteristics of soil parameters, identify lateral and longitudinal heterogeneity, and provide possibilities for refined geological analysis. For example, the three-dimensional resistivity field can identify buried high-resistivity anomalies (such as sand lenses and gravel layers), the pore water pressure field can determine the seepage path and enrichment zone of groundwater, and the temperature field can detect geothermal anomalies or the thermal effects of groundwater activity. These spatialized parameter fields not only improve the accuracy of interpretation but also provide a more comprehensive basis for engineering design (such as pile foundation site selection and foundation treatment schemes).

[0040] S3. Based on the three-dimensional parameter field, calculate the comprehensive geological state index through a multi-parameter fusion algorithm. The comprehensive geological state index is used to characterize the regional geological state.

[0041] Based on a three-dimensional parameter field, a comprehensive geological state index is calculated using a multi-parameter fusion algorithm. This index characterizes the regional geological state. Geological parameters exhibit physical correlations; for example, resistivity is affected by pore water saturation, temperature, and mineral composition; pore water pressure is related to seepage intensity, degree of consolidation, and temperature gradient; and temperature is related to geothermal flow, groundwater activity, and soil thermophysical properties. The interpretation of a single parameter often suffers from ambiguity, meaning the same parameter value may correspond to different geological states. However, by using multi-parameter fusion and leveraging the coupling relationships and complementary information between parameters, the uncertainty of interpretation can be significantly reduced, improving the accuracy and reliability of identification.

[0042] Based on this, a comprehensive geological state index (GSI) is established for integrated interpretation: In the formula: These are the average parameters of the central region (r≤R / 2) at depth h obtained by spatial interpolation, representing the properties of the core soil.

[0043] This is a reference value (which can be determined by the regional background value or the initial measurement value).

[0044] This is a parameter coupling correction term, reflecting the interaction between parameters: in, The deviation relative to the reference temperature, The spatial gradient of pressure and resistivity. The coefficient is the empirical coupling coefficient.

[0045] Let be the weighting coefficient, satisfying Principal component analysis (PCA) or expert-based methods can be used to identify the dominant parameters.

[0046] The Geological State Index (GSI(h)) quantitatively characterizes the overall geological state of soil at a given depth. The magnitude and trend of the GSI value reflect various geological characteristics: higher GSI values ​​typically correspond to dense, dry, and stable soil, while lower GSI values ​​correspond to loose, saturated, and unstable soil. Drastic changes in GSI along depth may indicate the presence of soil layer boundaries, geological structures, or anomalies. For example, a sudden drop in GSI at a certain depth may indicate the presence of weak interlayers or aquifers at that depth; a sudden rise in GSI at a certain depth may indicate the presence of dense layers or bedrock at that depth. By plotting the GSI variation curve with depth, the geological stratification of the test area can be visually displayed, providing a basis for engineering geological zoning and foundation design.

[0047] Furthermore, for long-term monitoring data, embodiments of the present invention can also calculate the Rate Change Index (RCI) to monitor dynamic changes in geological conditions. The calculation method for RCI(t, h) is as follows: The rate of change of each parameter at a certain depth h over time is extracted, namely the relative rate of change of resistivity, the relative rate of change of pore water pressure, and the relative rate of change of temperature. Then, the square root of the sum of the squares of these three rates of change is taken to obtain a comprehensive rate of change index. Using relative rates of change eliminates the influence of the absolute values ​​of the parameters, making the rates of change of different parameters comparable. When RCI(t, h) exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates that the soil state at depth h is undergoing a significant change, possibly due to increased external loads, changes in groundwater level, temperature fluctuations, or soil structure evolution, requiring vigilance and further analysis. For example, a continuous increase in RCI may be a precursor to geological disasters such as landslides, liquefaction, or piping; timely detection and engineering measures can effectively prevent these disasters from occurring.

[0048] In summary, the data interpretation method provided by this invention fully utilizes the three-dimensional multi-parameter data acquired by a self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system. It establishes a three-dimensional parameter field through spatial processing and calculates a comprehensive geological state index using a multi-parameter fusion algorithm, achieving accurate, comprehensive, and dynamic identification of the regional geological state. This method overcomes the ambiguity and limitations of traditional single-parameter interpretation, improving the comprehensive judgment ability on soil type, density, saturation, seepage state, temperature anomalies, and their spatiotemporal evolution. It provides reliable data support and decision-making basis for marine engineering design, geological disaster early warning, and scientific research. Especially in complex heterogeneous soils, multi-layered strata, and areas with active geological activity, the advantages of this method are even more prominent, significantly improving the precision of geological exploration and engineering safety.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow surface geological monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The main frame (1) is provided with a hoisting structure (2) for connecting with a crane at the top of the main frame (1). The data acquisition component (3) is provided with multiple sets and uniformly arranged on the main frame (1). The data acquisition component (3) includes a movable platform (31), a guide rod (32) and a probe rod (33). The guide rod (32) is arranged longitudinally on the main frame (1). The movable platform (31) is slidably installed on the guide rod (32). The probe rod (33) is arranged longitudinally with one end cut and connected to the bottom of the movable platform (31), and the other end is slidably inserted through the bottom of the main frame (1). The probe rod (33) is integrated with a probe (331). The probes (331) integrated on the probe rods (33) of the multiple data acquisition components (3) are of different types.

2. The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition components (3) are provided in four groups and arranged in a circular array on the main frame (1). The probes (33) of the four groups of data acquisition components (3) are respectively equipped with resistivity probes, temperature probes, pore water pressure probes and comprehensive probes for simultaneously detecting resistivity, temperature and pore water pressure.

3. The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The probe rod (33) has multiple probes (331) evenly spaced along its extension direction.

4. The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main frame (1) includes a top plate (11) and a bottom plate (12) arranged at intervals. The top plate (11) and the bottom plate (12) are connected by multiple support arms (13). The guide rod (32) is connected between the top plate (11) and the bottom plate (12). The bottom of the probe rod (33) is slidably inserted through the bottom plate (12). A counterweight is installed on the movable platform (31). The hoisting structure (2) includes a hoisting frame (21) and a flexible steel cable (22). Multiple flexible steel cables (22) are provided for the movable platform (31). The flexible steel cable (22) is slidably threaded on the top plate (11) and one end is connected to the corresponding movable platform (31), and the other end is connected to the hoisting frame (21).

5. The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data acquisition component (3) further includes an auxiliary penetration mechanism (34), which includes a bracket (341) set on the base plate (12) and a friction wheel mechanism set on the bracket (341). The probe (33) is slidably inserted through the bracket (341). The friction wheel mechanism includes a clamping electric cylinder (342) set horizontally on the bracket (341). The output end of the clamping electric cylinder (342) is provided with a drive motor (343). The output end of the drive motor (343) is connected to a friction wheel (344). The friction wheel (344) contacts the outer wall of the probe (33). The auxiliary penetration mechanism (34) is provided with two sets and is symmetrically arranged relative to the probe (33).

6. The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The main frame (1) is provided with a battery compartment (14) and a measurement and control compartment (15) and a data acquisition compartment (16) connected to the battery compartment (14). The measurement and control compartment (15) is equipped with a measurement and control module for controlling the operation of the auxiliary penetration mechanism (34) and the data acquisition compartment (16). The data acquisition compartment (16) is communicatively connected to the probe (331).

7. The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main frame (1) is provided with a compensation oil tank (17), which is connected to the battery compartment (14), the measurement and control compartment (15) and the data acquisition compartment (16) respectively.

8. The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow surface geological monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support arm (13) is equipped with a temperature, salinity and depth testing device (131).

9. The self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The base plate (12) is provided with a guide sleeve (121) that matches the probe rod (33).

10. A data interpretation method, implemented based on the self-weight multi-parameter marine shallow geological monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: Acquire multi-parameter geological data collected by the probe (331), including resistivity data, pore water pressure data and temperature data; The multi-parameter geological data are spatialized to establish a three-dimensional parameter field, which includes a resistivity field, a pore water pressure field, and a temperature field. Based on the three-dimensional parameter field, a comprehensive geological state index is calculated using a multi-parameter fusion algorithm. This comprehensive geological state index is used to characterize the regional geological state.

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