Precise lightning protection equipotential testing device and method for four-wire system measurement

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection grounding detection, in particular to a precise lightning protection equipotential testing device and method for four-wire system measurement, and the device comprises a four-wire system measurement unit, an environment sensing unit, a lightning protection linkage unit, an authenticity verification unit, a storage unit, a display and interface unit, and a main controller. Through power-on three-level self-check quantitative scoring, four-wire system equipotential test scheme generation and PID accurate control, and in combination with an authenticity verification closed-loop re-test mechanism, the false alarm rate is reduced, the lightning stroke survival rate is improved, the rework frequency is reduced, and the technical problems of data incredibility and lightning protection failure caused by lack of health assessment of an existing device are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightning protection grounding testing technology, and in particular to a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device and method using a four-wire system. Background Technology

[0002] Existing lightning protection equipotential bonding testing devices suffer from three contradictions: strong lightning protection circuits inevitably introduce microampere-level leakage current, resulting in milliohm measurement errors of ±2% to ±5%; in complex environments, they lack real-time sensing of temperature, humidity, and EMI, with repeatability worse than 3%; and the power-on self-test only takes a static snapshot, which cannot quantify the reliability of the data, resulting in a false alarm rate of over 30%.

[0003] Chinese patent CN119738614A discloses a method and system for measuring equipotential bonding based on precise low resistance. The method includes: initial configuration of measurement channels to obtain a dynamic compensation parameter database based on high-precision ADC chip sampling parameters and temperature sensor arrangement; simultaneously connecting 20 channels using an elastic compression structure to obtain stress compensation data; obtaining dynamic calibration compensation coefficients using a standard resistor network through time-division multiplexing calibration combined with temperature-resistance and stress characteristic analysis; performing four-wire measurement and 1kHz sampling based on these coefficients to obtain raw data; obtaining resistance values ​​through compensation processing and interference identification; performing correlation analysis to obtain state parameters; and finally evaluating stability to obtain optimized compensation parameters. However, this solution still suffers from the inability to quickly quantify and assess its own health status upon startup, leading to a high probability of false data generation during operation with defects, lightning protection failure, and high rework rates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address this, the present invention provides a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device and method using a four-wire measurement system, which overcomes the problems in the prior art where the device cannot quickly and quantitatively assess its own health status upon startup, leading to a high probability of generating false data, lightning protection failure, and high rework rate due to operation with defects.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in one aspect, the present invention provides a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement, comprising: The four-wire measurement unit is electrically connected to the main controller. It includes a constant current power supply and a voltage measurement circuit. The constant current power supply is used to inject DC current into the target under test, and the voltage measurement circuit is used to acquire the potential difference signal. The environmental sensing unit, electrically connected to the main controller, includes a digital temperature and humidity sensor, a magnetic field sensor, and an atmospheric electric field meter. It is used to collect ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and current temperature through the digital temperature and humidity sensor, to collect electromagnetic interference intensity through the magnetic field sensor, and to collect electric field intensity through the atmospheric electric field meter. The lightning protection linkage unit is electrically connected to the main controller and is used to execute the four-wire equipotential testing scheme to obtain measurement results. The authenticity verification unit is electrically connected to the main controller and is used to judge the authenticity of the measurement results and obtain the authenticity judgment result. The storage unit, electrically connected to the main controller, is used to store historical lightning protection test environment data, lightning protection test environment data, and electric field strength. The display and interface unit is electrically connected to the main controller and includes an RS-485 interface, a first Ethernet interface, and a second Ethernet interface. It is used to display measurement results, authenticity judgment results, HSI scores, and lightning protection risks, and to transmit data to the host computer through the RS-485 interface, the first Ethernet interface, and the second Ethernet interface. The main controller is used to drive the four-wire measurement unit, environmental sensing unit, lightning protection linkage unit, authenticity verification unit, storage unit, and display and interface unit.

[0006] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire measurement system, comprising: Step S1: Perform a first-level self-test, a second-level self-test, and a third-level self-test on the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device with four-wire measurement, obtain the first-level self-test score, the second-level self-test score, and the third-level self-test score, calculate the HIS score based on the first-level self-test score, the second-level self-test score, and the device health status is output based on the calculation results. Step S2: Collect environmental data and electric field strength for lightning protection testing based on the device's health status; Step S3: Generate a four-wire equipotential test scheme based on lightning protection test environment data, and adjust the strength of the four-wire equipotential test scheme based on electric field strength. Step S4: According to the four-wire equipotential testing scheme, the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement is tested using PID control method to obtain the measurement results; Step S5: The authenticity of the measurement results is judged by the authenticity detection method to obtain the authenticity judgment result, and steps S2 to S4 are re-executed based on the authenticity judgment result. Step S6: Obtain the number of times steps S2 to S4 are re-executed, and verify the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 based on the number of re-executions.

[0007] Furthermore, the first-level self-test in step S1 includes: The noise RMS measured value Z is obtained, and the first-level self-inspection score A is calculated based on the noise RMS measured value Z. A is set as A = 100 - (Z / 1μV) × 100. When the first-level quality inspection score A is less than 60 points, the power supply of the four-wire measurement precision lightning protection equipotential test device is turned off, and the staff is notified to repair the device. The secondary self-check in step S1 includes: Obtain the current temperature T, and query the factory temperature resistance calibration value of the device based on the current temperature to obtain the first temperature T1, the second temperature T2, the first resistance calibration value Rt1, and the second resistance calibration value Rt2. Calculate the theoretical resistance value Rth based on the first temperature T1, the second temperature T2, the first resistance calibration value Rt1, and the second resistance calibration value Rt2, setting Rth=R1+(R2-R1)×(T-T1) / (T2-T1). Calculate the resistance deviation rate Rp based on the theoretical resistance value Rth and the actual resistance value Rm, setting Rp=|Rm-Rth| / Rth×100%. Also calculate the secondary self-test score B based on the resistance deviation rate Rp, setting B=100-(Rp / 0.02%)×100. When the secondary self-test score B is less than 60 points, turn off the power of the four-wire precision lightning protection equipotential testing device and notify the staff to repair the device. The three-level self-check in step S1 includes: Within one minute, 24 measurements are performed on the standard resistor built into the precision lightning protection equipotential bonding test device using a four-wire system to obtain the standard resistance measurement dataset Rb={R1,R2,...,R24}. The maximum drift S is calculated and set as S=max(|Ri-R1|) / R1×100%, where i is the measurement order. The level 3 self-test score C is also calculated based on the maximum drift S and set as C=100-(S / 0.02%)×100. When the level 3 self-test score C is less than 60 points, the power supply of the precision lightning protection equipotential bonding test device using a four-wire system is turned off, and the staff is notified to repair the device. In step S1, the HIS score is calculated based on the first-level self-inspection score, the second-level self-inspection score, and the third-level self-inspection score, and the device health status is output based on the calculation results, including: The HIS score K is calculated based on the Level 1 self-inspection score A, Level 2 self-inspection score B, Level 3 self-inspection score C, HIS first weighting coefficient α1, HIS second weighting coefficient α2, and HIS third weighting coefficient, set as K = α1 × A + α2 × B + α3 × C. The HIS score is then compared with the preset first score K1 and preset second score K2. Based on the comparison results, the health status is judged, and the device's health status is output according to the judgment result. When K≤K1, the health score is determined to be low, and equipment failure is output as the health status of the device. When K1 < K ≤ K2, the health score is determined to be moderate, and the poor equipment health is output as the device health status. When K > K2, the health score is determined to be high, and the equipment health is output as the device health status.

[0008] Further, step S2 collects lightning protection test environment data and electric field strength based on the device's health status, wherein: When the device is in a healthy state, data on the lightning protection test environment and electric field strength are collected. When the device's health status is poor, data on the lightning protection test environment and electric field strength are collected. When the device is in a faulty state, no lightning protection test environment data or electric field strength data will be collected.

[0009] Further, step S3, based on lightning protection test environment data, generates a four-wire equipotential testing scheme including: Inputting lightning protection test environment data into a pre-set lightning protection scheme model, obtaining the four-wire equipotential testing scheme output by the pre-set lightning protection scheme model, step S3 involves constructing the pre-set lightning protection scheme model using a lightning protection scheme model construction method, which includes: Historical lightning protection test environment data is processed using a four-wire equipotential testing scheme to determine the equipotential testing requirement characteristics in the lightning protection test environment data. The extracted equipotential testing requirement characteristics are then used to learn a four-wire equipotential testing scheme model to form a lightning protection scheme model with four-wire equipotential testing scheme output. The extraction of the features of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme involves extracting the multi-dimensional matrix data of the lightning protection test environment data after grounding system analysis and test parameter optimization, which is then used to calculate the four-wire equipotential testing scheme model. This includes extracting the grounding system features, test point layout features, and test parameter configuration features from the output set of multiple lines composed of model layers from multiple processing stages, as well as extracting equipotential test quality information from the features of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme. The extraction of grounding system characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the grounding system analysis layer, including, from left to right: the first line: grounding grid topology analysis layer plus grounding resistance calculation layer; the second line: equipotential bonding analysis layer plus conduction resistance analysis layer; and the third line: soil resistivity analysis layer plus corrosion status assessment layer. The extraction of test point layout characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the test point layout optimization layer, including, from left to right: the first line: four-wire current pole layout layer plus voltage pole layout layer; the second line: test point spacing optimization layer plus lead wire error elimination layer; and the third line: multi-point test layout layer plus repeatability verification layer. The extraction of test parameter configuration characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the test parameter configuration layer, including, from left to right: the first line: test current configuration layer plus test frequency configuration layer; the second line: measurement accuracy configuration layer plus anti-interference configuration layer; and the third line: test duration configuration layer plus environmental compensation layer. The output of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is implemented by the four-wire equipotential testing scheme output module. This module dynamically adjusts the contribution of each input feature through a learnable four-wire equipotential testing scheme generation network, and then performs four-wire equipotential testing scheme generation calculation to form a unified four-wire equipotential testing scheme output. The extraction of four-wire equipotential testing quality information is achieved through a four-wire equipotential testing quality evaluation mechanism. The number of parallel computing lines in this mechanism is greater than the number of model layer computing lines for feature extraction of each individual four-wire equipotential testing scheme.

[0010] Further, step S3 adjusts the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme according to the electric field strength, including: The electric field strength Q is compared with the first electric field strength Q1, the second electric field strength Q2, and the third electric field strength Q3. Based on the comparison results, the lightning protection risk is assessed, and the strength of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted according to the assessment results. When Q≤Q1, the lightning protection risk is determined to be low, and no strength adjustment is made to the four-wire equipotential testing scheme; When Q1 < Q ≤ Q2, the lightning protection risk is determined to be medium risk, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The integration time of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to 0.5 seconds, and a prompt is sent to the staff that lightning is approaching and the measurement should be accelerated. When Q2 < Q ≤ Q3, the lightning protection risk is determined to be high risk, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to: suspend lightning protection measurement and continuously monitor the electric field strength. When Q > Q3, the lightning protection risk is determined to be extremely high, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to: disconnect the constant current power supply and continuously monitor the electric field strength with battery power.

[0011] Further, step S5 uses a authenticity detection method to determine the authenticity of the measurement results, obtains an authenticity determination result, and re-executes steps S2 to S4 based on the authenticity determination result, including: Step S51: Calculate the reasonableness score based on the measurement results and the historical median. Step S52: Sample the same target 15 times to obtain the sampled dataset Y{y1,y2,...,y14,y15}. After removing the three maximum and three minimum values ​​from the sampled dataset, calculate the relative standard deviation RSD to obtain the repeatability score. Step S53: Calculate the authenticity score based on the repeatability score and the reasonableness score; compare the authenticity score with the preset authenticity score; judge the authenticity of the measurement result based on the comparison result; obtain the authenticity judgment result; and repeat steps S2 to S4 based on the authenticity judgment result, including: The authenticity score P is calculated based on the reasonableness score D1, the repetition score D2, the first authenticity coefficient β1, and the second authenticity coefficient β2, with P = β1 × D1 + β2 × D2. The authenticity score P is then compared with the preset authenticity score P0, where: When P≤P0, the authenticity is determined to be unauthentic. The unauthentic result is output as the authenticity judgment result, and steps S2 to S4 are re-executed. The four-wire equipotential test scheme is revised, the integration time is increased to 1.5 times, and the current is reduced by 20%. When P > P0, the authenticity is determined to be true, and the true result is output as the authenticity judgment result. Steps S2 to S4 are not re-executed, and the measurement result is pushed to the staff.

[0012] Further, in step S51, a reasonableness score is calculated based on the measurement results and historical medians, including: The relative deviation delta is calculated based on the measurement results Rmeas and the historical median Rhist of the target. The value of delta is set as |Remas-Rhist| ÷ Rhist. The reasonableness score D1 is calculated based on the relative deviation. The value of D1 is set as 100-(delta ÷ 0.5) × 100, where 100 refers to the full score of 100. When delta = 0, D1 = 100. 0.5 means that the deviation reaches 50% of the historical median, which is 0 points. The scores decrease linearly for other cases.

[0013] Further, the three maximum and three minimum values ​​are removed from the sampled dataset, resulting in a post-removal sampled dataset Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12}. The sample mean ymean is calculated based on this post-removal dataset Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12}, and ymean is set to (y4+y5+y6+y7+y8+y9+y10+y11+y12) / 9. The sample standard deviation ystd is then calculated based on the post-removal sampled dataset Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12} and the sample mean ymean. RSD = ystd / ymean × 100%.

[0014] Further, step S6 obtains the number of times steps S2 to S4 are re-executed, and verifies the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 based on the number of re-executions, including: The number of re-executions L is compared with the preset number of re-executions L0. Based on the comparison result, the measurement failure is judged, and based on the judgment result, the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 is checked, wherein: When L≤L0, the measurement failure is determined to be minor, and no verification is performed by re-executing steps S2 to S4. When L > L0, the measurement failure is deemed serious. The process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 is then checked. The check includes stopping the re-executing of steps S2 to S4 and sending the measurement results to the staff for manual judgment.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the method generates a quantitative score through a three-level self-test upon startup and a four-wire equipotential testing scheme, combined with precise PID control and a closed-loop retest mechanism for authenticity verification. This reduces the false alarm rate, improves the lightning strike survival rate, and reduces the number of rework operations. It solves the technical problems of unreliable data and lightning protection failure caused by the lack of health assessment in existing devices. In step S1, the method converts the device's health status into a quantifiable score of 0-100 points, enabling operators to identify potential equipment problems before measurement, avoiding false data caused by operating with defects, reducing the false alarm rate on-site, and transforming post-event maintenance into predictive maintenance, thus extending the device's mean time between failures (MTBF). Furthermore, in step S2, the method dynamically determines whether to collect environmental data based on the health score. Data collection is immediately stopped when the device malfunctions to reduce unnecessary power consumption, and collection is allowed when the health is poor. The method allows data collection but includes additional warnings, achieving a balance between "emergency response with defects" and "safety bottom line." Step S3 further uses environmental data and electric field strength as dual-dimensional inputs to generate a model, ensuring high accuracy under low risk, shortening measurement time and sending lightning warnings under medium risk, and automatically pausing measurement under high risk, thus improving lightning strike survival rate. Step S4 uses PID control to reduce current fluctuation rate, preventing current overshoot from impacting the measured weak current grounding network. Step S5 uses two-level verification of rationality and repeatability scores to filter out abnormal data. When authenticity is insufficient, automatic retesting and parameter optimization improve the success rate of secondary measurements, reducing the probability of false data without manual intervention and minimizing on-site rework. Step S6 further reduces the probability of false data, improving measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire system in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0020] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this is a schematic diagram of the structure of the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement in this embodiment. The device includes: The four-wire measurement unit 1 is electrically connected to the main controller 7. It includes a constant current power supply 101 and a voltage measurement circuit 102. The constant current power supply 101 is used to inject DC current into the target under test, and the voltage measurement circuit 102 is used to collect the potential difference signal. The environmental sensing unit 2, which is connected to the main controller 7, includes a digital temperature and humidity sensor 201, a magnetic field sensor 202, and an atmospheric electric field meter 203. It is used to collect ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and current temperature through the digital temperature and humidity sensor 201, collect electromagnetic interference intensity through the magnetic field sensor 202, and collect electric field intensity through the atmospheric electric field meter 203. Lightning protection linkage unit 3 is electrically connected to main controller 7 and is used to execute a four-wire equipotential test scheme to obtain measurement results; The authenticity verification unit 4 is electrically connected to the main controller 7 and is used to judge the authenticity of the measurement results and obtain the authenticity judgment result. Storage unit 5, electrically connected to main controller 7, is used to store historical lightning protection test environment data, lightning protection test environment data, and electric field strength. The display and interface unit 6 is electrically connected to the main controller 7 and includes an RS-485 interface 602, a first Ethernet interface 601 and a second Ethernet interface 603. It is used to display measurement results, authenticity judgment results, HSI scores and lightning protection risks, and to transmit data to the host computer through the RS-485 interface 602, the first Ethernet interface 601 and the second Ethernet interface 603. The main controller 7 is used to drive the four-wire measurement unit 1, the environmental sensing unit 2, the lightning protection linkage unit 3, the authenticity verification unit 4, the storage unit 5, and the display and interface unit 6.

[0022] Specifically, the device is used for lightning protection grounding detection. The device uses the main controller 7 to couple the four-wire measurement unit 1 and the lightning protection linkage unit 3 at a 0.1ms level timing, enabling the constant current power supply 101 to quickly and softly shut down when the lightning electric field exceeds 1kV / m. This solves the technical problem of traditional devices having milliohm-level measurement errors of ±2% to ±5% due to leakage current. The device improves the measurement accuracy to ±0.1% while ensuring that the equipment can withstand a 10kA surge impact. The false alarm rate is reduced by 90%. The authenticity verification unit 4 performs authenticity judgment, reducing false qualified data by more than 85%. The measurement results are accompanied by authenticity score and HSI score, providing an objective basis for operation and maintenance decisions and improving measurement accuracy.

[0023] Specifically, RS-485 refers to a differential serial communication interface conforming to the TIA / EIA-485 standard, and the host computer refers to an external monitoring computer or cloud platform electrically connected to the main controller of this device. It is used to remotely receive measurement results, authenticity judgment results, HSI scores, lightning protection risks and historical data, and supports parameter configuration and firmware upgrades for the device. It is worth noting that the historical data in this paragraph refers to the historical data of all data collected by this device.

[0024] Please see Figure 2 As shown, this is a flowchart illustrating the method of a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire system in this embodiment. The method includes: Step S1: Perform a first-level self-test, a second-level self-test, and a third-level self-test on the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device with four-wire measurement, obtain the first-level self-test score, the second-level self-test score, and the third-level self-test score, calculate the HIS score based on the first-level self-test score, the second-level self-test score, and the device health status is output based on the calculation results. Step S2: Collect environmental data and electric field strength for lightning protection testing based on the device's health status; Step S3: Generate a four-wire equipotential test scheme based on lightning protection test environment data, and adjust the strength of the four-wire equipotential test scheme based on electric field strength. Step S4: According to the four-wire equipotential testing scheme, the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement is tested using PID control method to obtain the measurement results; Step S5: The authenticity of the measurement results is judged by the authenticity detection method to obtain the authenticity judgment result, and steps S2 to S4 are re-executed based on the authenticity judgment result. Step S6: Obtain the number of times steps S2 to S4 are re-executed, and verify the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 based on the number of re-executions.

[0025] Specifically, the method is applied to a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire measurement system. This method utilizes a three-level self-test quantitative scoring system and a four-wire equipotential testing scheme, combined with PID precise control and a closed-loop retest mechanism for authenticity verification. This reduces false alarm rates, improves lightning strike survival rates, and reduces rework. It solves the technical problem of unreliable data and lightning protection failure caused by the lack of health assessment in existing devices. In step S1, the method converts the device's health status into a quantifiable score of 0-100, allowing operators to identify potential equipment problems before measurement, avoiding false data caused by operating with defects, reducing false alarm rates on-site, and shifting from reactive maintenance to predictive maintenance, thus extending the device's mean time between failures (MTBF). Furthermore, in step S2, the method dynamically determines whether to collect environmental data based on the health score, immediately stopping data collection in case of equipment failure to reduce unnecessary power consumption. When the device is not in good working order, data collection is allowed but with additional warnings, achieving a balance between "emergency response with defects" and "safety bottom line". The method also generates a model by inputting environmental data and electric field strength into the scheme in step S3, ensuring high accuracy in low-risk situations, shortening measurement time and sending lightning warnings in medium-risk situations, and automatically pausing measurement in high-risk situations, thus improving the survival rate of lightning strikes. The method also reduces current fluctuation rate through PID control in step S4, avoiding current overshoot from impacting the grounding grid of the measured weak current. The method also filters out abnormal data through two-level verification of reasonableness score and repeatability score in step S5. When the authenticity is insufficient, the measurement is automatically retested and the parameters are optimized, improving the success rate of secondary measurement. The probability of false data can be reduced without manual intervention, reducing on-site rework. The method further reduces the probability of false data and improves measurement accuracy through step S6.

[0026] Specifically, the first-level self-test in step S1 includes: The measured RMS value Z of noise is obtained, and the first-level self-inspection score A is calculated based on the measured RMS value Z. The score A is set as 100 - (Z / 1μV) × 100. When the first-level quality inspection score A is less than 60 points, the power supply of the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device with four-wire measurement is turned off, and the staff is notified to repair the device.

[0027] Specifically, the measured noise RMS value refers to the root mean square value calculated by the main controller when the input terminal of the voltage measurement circuit of the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device is short-circuited, the ADC continuously collects 10,000 data points at a sampling rate of 30kSPS, and the value is used to quantify the background noise level of the device, in μV. The 1μV in the first-level self-test score calculation formula refers to the upper limit of the root mean square noise allowed when the system input is short-circuited.

[0028] Specifically, the secondary self-test in step S1 includes: Obtain the current temperature T, and query the factory temperature resistance calibration value of the device based on the current temperature to obtain the first temperature T1, the second temperature T2, the first resistance calibration value Rt1, and the second resistance calibration value Rt2. Calculate the theoretical resistance value Rth based on the first temperature T1, the second temperature T2, the first resistance calibration value Rt1, and the second resistance calibration value Rt2, setting Rth=R1+(R2-R1)×(T-T1) / (T2-T1). Calculate the resistance deviation rate Rp based on the theoretical resistance value Rth and the actual resistance value Rm, setting Rp=|Rm-Rth| / Rth×100%. Also calculate the secondary self-test score B based on the resistance deviation rate Rp, setting B=100-(Rp / 0.02%)×100. When the secondary self-test score B is less than 60 points, turn off the power of the four-wire precision lightning protection equipotential testing device and notify the staff to repair the device.

[0029] Specifically, the current temperature refers to the temperature at which the device is powered on. This current temperature is collected by a digital temperature and humidity sensor. In this embodiment, querying the device's factory-calibrated temperature resistance value based on the current temperature refers to retrieving the standard resistor built into the four-wire precision lightning protection equipotential bonding test device. This resistor is calibrated at five temperature points: -20℃, 0℃, 25℃, 50℃, and 60℃. The two temperatures closest to the current temperature are selected, and their factory-calibrated temperature resistance values ​​are obtained. For example, when the current temperature is 28℃, the first temperature T1 is 25℃, the second temperature T2 is 50℃, the first resistance calibration value Rt1 is the resistance value calibrated at 25℃, and the second resistance calibration value Rt2 is 50℃. The resistance value calibrated at ℃ refers to the actual resistance value obtained by the four-wire precision lightning protection equipotential testing device after injecting DC current into the built-in standard resistor through a constant current power supply, the voltage measurement circuit collecting the potential difference between its two ends, converting it via an ADC, and then calculating the measured resistance value by the main controller according to the formula Rm=V / I, where V is voltage and I is current. The ADC refers to an analog-to-digital converter. The constant 100 in the secondary self-test scoring formula is the full score of 100 points, and the constant 0.02% in the secondary self-test scoring formula is the zero score baseline. When the resistance deviation rate reaches 0.02%, the secondary self-test score is 0.

[0030] Specifically, the three-level self-test in step S1 includes: Within one minute, 24 measurements are performed on the standard resistor built into the precision lightning protection equipotential bonding test device using a four-wire system, resulting in a standard resistance measurement dataset Rb={R1,R2,...,R24}. The maximum drift S is calculated, and S=max(|Ri-R1|) / R1×100%, where i is the measurement order. The third-level self-test score C is also calculated based on the maximum drift S, and C=100-(S / 0.02%)×100. When the third-level self-test score C is less than 60, the power supply to the precision lightning protection equipotential bonding test device using a four-wire system is turned off, and staff are notified to repair the device.

[0031] Specifically, the 24 measurements of the built-in standard resistor in the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device within one minute refer to the following: at 2.5-second intervals, a constant current power supply injects DC current into the built-in standard resistor, the voltage measurement circuit collects the potential difference between its two ends, the data is then converted by an ADC, and the main controller calculates the standard resistor measurement dataset according to the formula Rm=V / I, where V is voltage and I is current. R1 is the resistance value of the standard resistor in the first measurement, R2 is the resistance value of the standard resistor in the second measurement, R24 is the resistance value of the standard resistor in the 24th measurement, and Ri is the resistance value of the standard resistor in the i-th measurement. The 0.02% in the three-level self-test score is used as the zero-score baseline—when the measured drift of 24 samples in one minute reaches 0.02%, the three-level self-test score is 0. The 100 in the three-level self-test score refers to a full score of 100.

[0032] Specifically, in step S1, the HIS score is calculated based on the first-level self-inspection score, the second-level self-inspection score, and the third-level self-inspection score, and the device health status is output based on the calculation results, including: The HIS score K is calculated based on the Level 1 self-inspection score A, Level 2 self-inspection score B, Level 3 self-inspection score C, HIS first weighting coefficient α1, HIS second weighting coefficient α2, and HIS third weighting coefficient, set as K = α1 × A + α2 × B + α3 × C. The HIS score is then compared with the preset first score K1 and preset second score K2. Based on the comparison results, the health status is judged, and the device's health status is output according to the judgment result. When K≤K1, the health score is determined to be low, and equipment failure is output as the health status of the device. When K1 < K ≤ K2, the health score is determined to be moderate, and the poor equipment health is output as the device health status. When K > K2, the health score is determined to be high, and the equipment health is output as the device health status.

[0033] Specifically, the HIS first weighting coefficient refers to the weighting coefficient corresponding to the first-level self-assessment score in the calculation of the HIS score; the HIS second weighting coefficient refers to the weighting coefficient corresponding to the second-level self-assessment score in the calculation of the HIS score; and the HIS third weighting coefficient refers to the weighting coefficient corresponding to the third-level self-assessment score in the calculation of the HIS score. In this embodiment, since the third-level self-assessment score accounts for the largest proportion, reaching half of the calculation, followed by the second-level self-assessment score, and the first-level self-assessment score accounts for the smallest proportion, α1=0.2, α2=0.3, and α3=0.5 are set. The preset first score and preset second score refer to preset values ​​used to judge the health score status. In this embodiment, K1=60 and K2=90 points are set. The health score status includes low score, medium score, and high score.

[0034] Specifically, step S1 converts the device health status into a quantifiable score of 0-100, enabling operators to identify potential equipment problems before measurement, avoid false data caused by operating with defects, reduce the false alarm rate on site, and transform post-maintenance into predictive maintenance, thereby extending the mean time between failures of the equipment.

[0035] Specifically, step S2 collects lightning protection test environment data and electric field strength based on the device's health status, wherein: When the device is in a healthy state, data on the lightning protection test environment and electric field strength are collected. When the device's health status is poor, data on the lightning protection test environment and electric field strength are collected. When the device is in a faulty state, no lightning protection test environment data or electric field strength data will be collected.

[0036] Specifically, the lightning protection test environment data includes ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and electromagnetic interference intensity. Step S2 collects ambient temperature and ambient humidity through a digital temperature and humidity sensor, electromagnetic interference intensity through a magnetic field sensor, and electric field intensity through an atmospheric electric field meter.

[0037] Specifically, step S2 dynamically determines whether to collect environmental data based on the health score. When the equipment malfunctions, data collection is immediately stopped to reduce unnecessary power consumption. When the equipment is in poor health, data collection is allowed but with an additional warning, thus achieving a balance between "emergency response with defects" and "safety baseline".

[0038] Specifically, step S3, which generates a four-wire equipotential testing scheme based on lightning protection test environment data, includes: Inputting lightning protection test environment data into a pre-set lightning protection scheme model, obtaining the four-wire equipotential testing scheme output by the pre-set lightning protection scheme model, step S3 involves constructing the pre-set lightning protection scheme model using a lightning protection scheme model construction method, which includes: Historical lightning protection test environment data is processed using a four-wire equipotential testing scheme to determine the equipotential testing requirement characteristics in the lightning protection test environment data. Based on the equipotential testing requirement characteristics, the features of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme are extracted. The extracted features of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme are then used to learn the four-wire equipotential testing scheme model, forming a lightning protection scheme model with four-wire equipotential testing scheme output. The equipotential testing requirement features include grounding system features, test point layout features, and test parameter configuration features. The extraction of equipotential testing requirement features includes: extracting the grounding system features, test point layout features, and test parameter configuration features from the output set of the nine lines composed of the model layers of the three processing stages, as well as extracting equipotential testing quality information from the four-wire equipotential testing scheme features. The extraction of grounding system characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the grounding system analysis layer, including, from left to right: the first line: grounding grid topology analysis layer plus grounding resistance calculation layer; the second line: equipotential bonding analysis layer plus conduction resistance analysis layer; and the third line: soil resistivity analysis layer plus corrosion status assessment layer. The extraction of test point layout characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the test point layout optimization layer, including, from left to right: the first line: four-wire current pole layout layer plus voltage pole layout layer; the second line: test point spacing optimization layer plus lead wire error elimination layer; and the third line: multi-point test layout layer plus repeatability verification layer. The extraction of test parameter configuration characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the test parameter configuration layer, including, from left to right: the first line: test current configuration layer plus test frequency configuration layer; the second line: measurement accuracy configuration layer plus anti-interference configuration layer; and the third line: test duration configuration layer plus environmental compensation layer. The output of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is implemented by the four-wire equipotential testing scheme output module. This module dynamically adjusts the contribution of each input feature through a learnable four-wire equipotential testing scheme generation network, and then performs four-wire equipotential testing scheme generation calculation to form a unified four-wire equipotential testing scheme output. The extraction of four-wire equipotential testing quality information is achieved through a four-wire equipotential testing quality evaluation mechanism. The number of parallel computing lines in this mechanism is greater than the number of model layer computing lines for feature extraction of each individual four-wire equipotential testing scheme.

[0039] Specifically, the historical lightning protection test environment data refers to the environmental data on the duration of lightning protection acquired in the past.

[0040] Specifically, step S3 adjusts the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme according to the electric field strength, including: The electric field strength Q is compared with the first electric field strength Q1, the second electric field strength Q2, and the third electric field strength Q3. Based on the comparison results, the lightning protection risk is assessed, and the strength of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted according to the assessment results. When Q≤Q1, the lightning protection risk is determined to be low, and no strength adjustment is made to the four-wire equipotential testing scheme; When Q1 < Q ≤ Q2, the lightning protection risk is determined to be medium risk, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The integration time of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to 0.5 seconds, and a prompt is sent to the staff that lightning is approaching and the measurement should be accelerated. When Q2 < Q ≤ Q3, the lightning protection risk is determined to be high risk, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to: suspend lightning protection measurement and continuously monitor the electric field strength. When Q > Q3, the lightning protection risk is determined to be extremely high, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to: disconnect the constant current power supply and continuously monitor the electric field strength with battery power.

[0041] Specifically, the first electric field strength refers to the first threshold for judging lightning protection risk, the second electric field strength refers to the second threshold for judging lightning protection risk, and the third electric field strength refers to the third threshold for judging lightning protection risk. In this embodiment, Q1 = 1kV / m, Q2 = 5kV / m, and Q3 = 10kV / m are set. 1kV / m corresponds to the atmospheric electric field starting to become abnormal but not yet sufficient to cause ground induced charge accumulation, allowing the device to measure normally. This threshold is taken as 10 times the atmospheric electric environment background value (approximately 0.1kV / m) to ensure no false triggering. 5kV / m corresponds to the ground induced charge reaching a dangerous level. At this point, the integration time is shortened and an early warning is issued. This is the golden response window of 8-15 minutes before a lightning strike. This threshold is taken as the critical threshold for lightning initiation. The value (approximately 10kV / m) is 50%, providing sufficient safety margin. 10kV / m is aligned with the lower limit of the lightning initiation critical field strength of 10-20kV / m. At this time, the constant current power supply is disconnected and battery power is switched to prevent the device from becoming a lightning discharge path, ensuring a survival rate of more than 98% under a 10kA surge. The lightning protection risk refers to the level of lightning protection risk judged based on the electric field strength and the first, second, and third electric field strengths. The lightning protection risk includes low risk, medium risk, high risk, and extremely high risk. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation of pushing content to staff that lightning is approaching and prompts for accelerated measurement. Those skilled in the art can set it themselves according to the actual situation, such as prompting staff through a buzzer sound.

[0042] Specifically, step S3 generates a model by inputting environmental data and electric field strength in two dimensions, enabling the device to maintain high accuracy under low risk, shorten measurement time and push lightning warnings under medium risk, and automatically pause measurement under high risk, thereby improving the lightning strike survival rate.

[0043] Specifically, step S4 involves performing a lightning protection equipotential test on the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire equipotential testing scheme and a PID control method to obtain the measurement results.

[0044] Specifically, the PID stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller, the PID control algorithm is a closed-loop control algorithm that adjusts based on deviation, the measurement result refers to the result of lightning protection equipotential testing obtained by measuring the target under test using a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device with four-wire measurement, and the target under test refers to the target waiting to be measured.

[0045] Specifically, step S4 reduces the current fluctuation rate through PID control to avoid current overshoot from impacting the tested weak current grounding grid.

[0046] Specifically, step S5 uses a authenticity detection method to determine the authenticity of the measurement results, obtains an authenticity determination result, and re-executes steps S2 to S4 based on the authenticity determination result, including: Step S51: Calculate a reasonableness score based on the measurement results and historical medians, including: The relative deviation delta is calculated based on the measurement results Rmeas and the historical median Rhist of the target to be measured. The value of delta is set as |Remas-Rhist| ÷ Rhist. The reasonableness score D1 is calculated based on the relative deviation. The value of D1 is set as 100-(delta ÷ 0.5) × 100, where 100 refers to the full score of 100. When delta = 0, D1 = 100. 0.5 means that the deviation reaches 50% of the historical median, which is 0 points. The scores decrease linearly for other cases. Step S52: Sample the same target 15 times consecutively to obtain the sampling dataset Y{y1,y2,...,y14,y15}. After removing the three maximum and three minimum values ​​from the sampling dataset, calculate the relative standard deviation (RSD) to obtain the repeatability score, where: The three maximum and three minimum values ​​are removed from the sampled dataset to obtain the post-sampled dataset Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12}. The sample mean ymean is calculated based on Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12}, and ymean is set to (y4+y5+y6+y7+y8+y9+y10+y11+y12) / 9. The sample standard deviation ystd is then calculated based on the post-sampled dataset Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12} and the sample mean ymean. RSD = ystd / ymean × 100%; Step S53: Calculate the authenticity score based on the repeatability score and the reasonableness score; compare the authenticity score with the preset authenticity score; judge the authenticity of the measurement result based on the comparison result; obtain the authenticity judgment result; and repeat steps S2 to S4 based on the authenticity judgment result, including: The authenticity score P is calculated based on the reasonableness score D1, the repetition score D2, the first authenticity coefficient β1, and the second authenticity coefficient β2, with P = β1 × D1 + β2 × D2. The authenticity score P is then compared with the preset authenticity score P0, where: When P≤P0, the authenticity is determined to be unauthentic. The unauthentic result is output as the authenticity judgment result, and steps S2 to S4 are re-executed. The four-wire equipotential test scheme is revised, the integration time is increased to 1.5 times, and the current is reduced by 20%. When P > P0, the authenticity is determined to be true, and the true result is output as the authenticity judgment result. Steps S2 to S4 are not re-executed, and the measurement result is pushed to the staff.

[0047] Specifically, the historical median of the target to be measured refers to the median of all measurement results within the past 30 days. The historical median is obtained through historical measurement results. The first truth coefficient refers to the weighting coefficient corresponding to the reasonableness score in the calculation of the truthfulness score. The second truth coefficient refers to the weighting coefficient corresponding to the repeatability score in the calculation of the truthfulness score. In this embodiment, since the reasonableness score and repeatability score have the same weighting, β1=0.5 and β2=0.5 are set. The preset truthfulness score refers to a preset value used to judge truthfulness. In this embodiment, the preset truthfulness score is set to 70 points. This setting is to improve measurement accuracy. This embodiment does not limit the specific implementation method of pushing the measurement results to staff. Technicians in the field can configure the settings according to actual conditions, such as sending the measurement results to the staff's mobile devices via SMS. Here, y1 refers to the sampling data in sequence 1, y2 refers to the sampling data in sequence 2, y4 refers to the sampling data in sequence 4, y5 refers to the sampling data in sequence 5, y6 refers to the sampling data in sequence 6, y7 refers to the sampling data in sequence 7, y8 refers to the sampling data in sequence 8, y9 refers to the sampling data in sequence 9, y10 refers to the sampling data in sequence 10, y11 refers to the sampling data in sequence 11, y12 refers to the sampling data in sequence 12, y14 refers to the sampling data in sequence 14, and y15 refers to the sampling data in sequence 15.

[0048] Specifically, step S5 uses two levels of verification—reasonableness score and repeatability score—to screen out abnormal data. When the authenticity is insufficient, the system automatically retests and optimizes parameters, improving the success rate of secondary measurements. This reduces the probability of false data without manual intervention, minimizing on-site rework. When authenticity is insufficient, it is often due to a low signal-to-noise ratio or random interference. Extending the integration time to 1.5 times can increase the number of ADC sampling points by 50%. According to the √N suppression law of white noise, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by approximately 22%, effectively reducing the impact of noise on the measurement results. Furthermore, when authenticity is insufficient, the contact resistance may exhibit nonlinearity due to oxidation or loosening. Reducing the current by 20% can reduce power dissipation at the contact point, suppress thermoelectric potential effects and temperature drift, while also reducing electromagnetic radiation to the external environment, lowering the amplitude of EMI interference, and avoiding transient fluctuations caused by sudden load changes in the constant current source. The synergy of increasing the integration time to 1.5 times and reducing the current by 20% can improve data reliability without sacrificing accuracy.

[0049] Specifically, step S6 obtains the number of times steps S2 to S4 are re-executed, and verifies the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 based on the number of re-executions, including: The number of re-executions L is compared with the preset number of re-executions L0. Based on the comparison result, the measurement failure is judged, and based on the judgment result, the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 is checked, wherein: When L≤L0, the measurement failure is determined to be minor, and no verification is performed by re-executing steps S2 to S4. When L > L0, the measurement failure is deemed serious. The process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 is then checked. The check includes stopping the re-executing of steps S2 to S4 and sending the measurement results to the staff for manual judgment.

[0050] Specifically, the preset number of re-executions refers to a preset value for judging measurement failure. Based on experimental experience, when the number of re-executions is greater than 3, it proves that the measurement result is abnormal and should be judged manually. Therefore, in this embodiment, L0=3 is set. The measurement failure refers to the severity of the measurement failure as judged by the number of re-executions and the preset number of re-executions. The measurement failure includes severe and non-severe.

[0051] Specifically, step S6 involves judging measurement failures and transferring abnormal measurement results to manual judgment, thereby further reducing the probability of false data and improving measurement accuracy.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire measurement system, characterized in that, include: The four-wire measurement unit is electrically connected to the main controller. It includes a constant current power supply and a voltage measurement circuit. The constant current power supply is used to inject DC current into the target under test, and the voltage measurement circuit is used to acquire the potential difference signal. The environmental sensing unit, electrically connected to the main controller, includes a digital temperature and humidity sensor, a magnetic field sensor, and an atmospheric electric field meter. It is used to collect ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and current temperature through the digital temperature and humidity sensor, to collect electromagnetic interference intensity through the magnetic field sensor, and to collect electric field intensity through the atmospheric electric field meter. The lightning protection linkage unit is electrically connected to the main controller and is used to execute the four-wire equipotential testing scheme to obtain measurement results. The authenticity verification unit is electrically connected to the main controller and is used to judge the authenticity of the measurement results and obtain the authenticity judgment result. The storage unit, electrically connected to the main controller, is used to store historical lightning protection test environment data, lightning protection test environment data, and electric field strength. The display and interface unit is electrically connected to the main controller and includes an RS-485 interface, a first Ethernet interface, and a second Ethernet interface. It is used to display measurement results, authenticity judgment results, HSI scores, and lightning protection risks, and to transmit data to the host computer through the RS-485 interface, the first Ethernet interface, and the second Ethernet interface. The main controller is used to drive the four-wire measurement unit, environmental sensing unit, lightning protection linkage unit, authenticity verification unit, storage unit, and display and interface unit.

2. A method for using a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Perform a first-level self-test, a second-level self-test, and a third-level self-test on the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device with four-wire measurement, obtain the first-level self-test score, the second-level self-test score, and the third-level self-test score, calculate the HIS score based on the first-level self-test score, the second-level self-test score, and the device health status is output based on the calculation results. Step S2: Collect environmental data and electric field strength for lightning protection testing based on the device's health status; Step S3: Generate a four-wire equipotential test scheme based on lightning protection test environment data, and adjust the strength of the four-wire equipotential test scheme based on electric field strength. Step S4: According to the four-wire equipotential testing scheme, the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement is tested using PID control method to obtain the measurement results; Step S5: The authenticity of the measurement results is judged by the authenticity detection method to obtain the authenticity judgment result, and steps S2 to S4 are re-executed based on the authenticity judgment result. Step S6: Obtain the number of times steps S2 to S4 are re-executed, and verify the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 based on the number of re-executions.

3. The method for a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first-level self-check in step S1 includes: The noise RMS measured value Z is obtained, and the first-level self-inspection score A is calculated based on the noise RMS measured value Z. A is set as A = 100 - (Z / 1μV) × 100. When the first-level quality inspection score A is less than 60 points, the power supply of the four-wire measurement precision lightning protection equipotential test device is turned off, and the staff is notified to repair the device. The secondary self-check in step S1 includes: Obtain the current temperature T, and query the factory temperature resistance calibration value of the device based on the current temperature to obtain the first temperature T1, the second temperature T2, the first resistance calibration value Rt1, and the second resistance calibration value Rt2. Calculate the theoretical resistance value Rth based on the first temperature T1, the second temperature T2, the first resistance calibration value Rt1, and the second resistance calibration value Rt2, setting Rth=R1+(R2-R1)×(T-T1) / (T2-T1). Calculate the resistance deviation rate Rp based on the theoretical resistance value Rth and the actual resistance value Rm, setting Rp=|Rm-Rth| / Rth×100%. Also calculate the secondary self-test score B based on the resistance deviation rate Rp, setting B=100-(Rp / 0.02%)×100. When the secondary self-test score B is less than 60 points, turn off the power of the four-wire precision lightning protection equipotential testing device and notify the staff to repair the device. The three-level self-check in step S1 includes: Within one minute, 24 measurements are performed on the standard resistor built into the precision lightning protection equipotential bonding test device using a four-wire system to obtain the standard resistance measurement dataset Rb={R1,R2,...,R24}. The maximum drift S is calculated and set as S=max(|Ri-R1|) / R1×100%, where i is the measurement order. The level 3 self-test score C is also calculated based on the maximum drift S and set as C=100-(S / 0.02%)×100. When the level 3 self-test score C is less than 60 points, the power supply of the precision lightning protection equipotential bonding test device using a four-wire system is turned off, and the staff is notified to repair the device. In step S1, the HIS score is calculated based on the first-level self-inspection score, the second-level self-inspection score, and the third-level self-inspection score, and the device health status is output based on the calculation results, including: The HIS score K is calculated based on the Level 1 self-inspection score A, Level 2 self-inspection score B, Level 3 self-inspection score C, HIS first weighting coefficient α1, HIS second weighting coefficient α2, and HIS third weighting coefficient, set as K = α1 × A + α2 × B + α3 × C. The HIS score is then compared with the preset first score K1 and preset second score K2. Based on the comparison results, the health status is judged, and the device's health status is output according to the judgment result. When K≤K1, the health score is determined to be low, and equipment failure is output as the health status of the device. When K1 < K ≤ K2, the health score is determined to be moderate, and the poor equipment health is output as the device health status. When K > K2, the health score is determined to be high, and the equipment health is output as the device health status.

4. The method of the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S2 involves collecting lightning protection test environment data and electric field strength based on the device's health status, wherein: When the device is in a healthy state, data on the lightning protection test environment and electric field strength are collected. When the device's health status is poor, data on the lightning protection test environment and electric field strength are collected. When the device is in a faulty state, no lightning protection test environment data or electric field strength data will be collected.

5. The method for a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S3, based on lightning protection test environment data, generates a four-wire equipotential testing scheme including: Inputting lightning protection test environment data into a pre-set lightning protection scheme model, obtaining the four-wire equipotential testing scheme output by the pre-set lightning protection scheme model, step S3 involves constructing the pre-set lightning protection scheme model using a lightning protection scheme model construction method, which includes: Historical lightning protection test environment data is processed using a four-wire equipotential testing scheme to determine the equipotential testing requirement characteristics in the lightning protection test environment data. The extracted equipotential testing requirement characteristics are then used to learn a four-wire equipotential testing scheme model to form a lightning protection scheme model with four-wire equipotential testing scheme output. The extraction of the features of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme involves extracting the multi-dimensional matrix data of the lightning protection test environment data after grounding system analysis and test parameter optimization, which is then used to calculate the four-wire equipotential testing scheme model. This includes extracting the grounding system features, test point layout features, and test parameter configuration features from the output set of multiple lines composed of model layers from multiple processing stages, as well as extracting equipotential test quality information from the features of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme. The extraction of grounding system characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the grounding system analysis layer, including, from left to right: the first line: grounding grid topology analysis layer plus grounding resistance calculation layer; the second line: equipotential bonding analysis layer plus conduction resistance analysis layer; and the third line: soil resistivity analysis layer plus corrosion status assessment layer. The extraction of test point layout characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the test point layout optimization layer, including, from left to right: the first line: four-wire current pole layout layer plus voltage pole layout layer; the second line: test point spacing optimization layer plus lead wire error elimination layer; and the third line: multi-point test layout layer plus repeatability verification layer. The extraction of test parameter configuration characteristics from the four-wire equipotential bonding test scheme features is achieved by the output set of three lines constituting the test parameter configuration layer, including, from left to right: the first line: test current configuration layer plus test frequency configuration layer; the second line: measurement accuracy configuration layer plus anti-interference configuration layer; and the third line: test duration configuration layer plus environmental compensation layer. The output of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is implemented by the four-wire equipotential testing scheme output module. This module dynamically adjusts the contribution of each input feature through a learnable four-wire equipotential testing scheme generation network, and then performs four-wire equipotential testing scheme generation calculation to form a unified four-wire equipotential testing scheme output. The extraction of four-wire equipotential testing quality information is achieved through a four-wire equipotential testing quality evaluation mechanism. The number of parallel computing lines in this mechanism is greater than the number of model layer computing lines for feature extraction of each individual four-wire equipotential testing scheme.

6. The method for a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S3 involves adjusting the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme based on the electric field strength, including: The electric field strength Q is compared with the first electric field strength Q1, the second electric field strength Q2, and the third electric field strength Q3. Based on the comparison results, the lightning protection risk is assessed, and the strength of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted according to the assessment results. When Q≤Q1, the lightning protection risk is determined to be low, and no strength adjustment is made to the four-wire equipotential testing scheme; When Q1 < Q ≤ Q2, the lightning protection risk is determined to be medium risk, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The integration time of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to 0.5 seconds, and a prompt is sent to the staff that lightning is approaching and the measurement should be accelerated. When Q2 < Q ≤ Q3, the lightning protection risk is determined to be high risk, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to: suspend lightning protection measurement and continuously monitor the electric field strength. When Q > Q3, the lightning protection risk is determined to be extremely high, and the intensity of the four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted. The four-wire equipotential testing scheme is adjusted to: disconnect the constant current power supply and continuously monitor the electric field strength with battery power.

7. The method for a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S5 uses a authenticity detection method to determine the authenticity of the measurement results, obtains the authenticity determination result, and re-executes steps S2 to S4 based on the authenticity determination result, including: Step S51: Calculate the reasonableness score based on the measurement results and the historical median. Step S52: Sample the same target 15 times to obtain the sampled dataset Y{y1,y2,...,y14,y15}. After removing the three maximum and three minimum values ​​from the sampled dataset, calculate the relative standard deviation RSD to obtain the repeatability score. Step S53: Calculate the authenticity score based on the repeatability score and the reasonableness score; compare the authenticity score with the preset authenticity score; judge the authenticity of the measurement result based on the comparison result; obtain the authenticity judgment result; and repeat steps S2 to S4 based on the authenticity judgment result, including: The authenticity score P is calculated based on the reasonableness score D1, the repetition score D2, the first authenticity coefficient β1, and the second authenticity coefficient β2, with P = β1 × D1 + β2 × D2. The authenticity score P is then compared with the preset authenticity score P0, where: When P≤P0, the authenticity is determined to be unauthentic. The unauthentic result is output as the authenticity judgment result, and steps S2 to S4 are re-executed. The four-wire equipotential test scheme is revised, the integration time is increased to 1.5 times, and the current is reduced by 20%. When P > P0, the authenticity is determined to be true, and the true result is output as the authenticity judgment result. Steps S2 to S4 are not re-executed, and the measurement result is pushed to the staff.

8. The method for a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S51: Calculate a reasonableness score based on the measurement results and historical medians, including: The relative deviation delta is calculated based on the measurement results Rmeas and the historical median Rhist of the target. The value of delta is set as |Remas-Rhist| ÷ Rhist. The reasonableness score D1 is calculated based on the relative deviation. The value of D1 is set as 100-(delta ÷ 0.5) × 100, where 100 refers to the full score of 100. When delta = 0, D1 = 100. 0.5 means that the deviation reaches 50% of the historical median, which is 0 points. The scores decrease linearly for other cases.

9. The method of the precision lightning protection equipotential testing device for four-wire measurement according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S52: Sample the same target 15 times consecutively to obtain the sampled dataset Y{y1,y2,...,y14,y15}. After removing the three maximum and three minimum values ​​from the sampled dataset, calculate the relative standard deviation (RSD) to obtain the repeatability score, including: The three maximum and three minimum values ​​are removed from the sampled dataset to obtain the post-sampled dataset Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12}. The sample mean ymean is calculated based on Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12}, and ymean is set to (y4+y5+y6+y7+y8+y9+y10+y11+y12) / 9. The sample standard deviation ystd is then calculated based on the post-sampled dataset Yt{y4,y5,...,y11,y12} and the sample mean ymean. RSD = ystd / ymean × 100%.

10. The method for a precision lightning protection equipotential testing device using a four-wire system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S6 obtains the number of times steps S2 to S4 are re-executed, and verifies the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 based on the number of re-executions, including: The number of re-executions L is compared with the preset number of re-executions L0. Based on the comparison result, the measurement failure is judged, and based on the judgment result, the process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 is checked, wherein: When L≤L0, the measurement failure is determined to be minor, and no verification is performed by re-executing steps S2 to S4. When L > L0, the measurement failure is deemed serious. The process of re-executing steps S2 to S4 is then checked. The check includes stopping the re-executing of steps S2 to S4 and sending the measurement results to the staff for manual judgment.

Images