Lake basin hydrology-water ecology function comprehensive evaluation method and zoning management system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water environment protection and water resource management, solves the technical problems of limitation of a single water body and a single element in an existing lake and catchment basin water environment and water ecology evaluation method, and particularly relates to a lake basin hydrology-water ecology function comprehensive evaluation method and a partition management system. According to the method, a watershed-lake-entering estuary-lake area integrated water system is taken as an object, a lake and a catchment area of the lake are divided into a plurality of evaluation units, a comprehensive index WEFI is obtained through a weighting model, a function grade and a dominant degradation type are judged in combination with a threshold value, and a hydrological-water ecological function partition is delimited based on adjacency and difference constraints. The system comprises a drainage basin monitoring subsystem, an evaluation and partitioning subsystem and an information display and management subsystem, data access, index calculation, partitioning display and measure recommendation are achieved, the hydrological process, the ecological structure and the water quality pressure can be represented in a unified mode in the lake drainage basin scale, and a quantitative basis is provided for water function improvement and fine management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment protection and water resources management technology, and in particular to a comprehensive evaluation method and zoning management system for the hydrological and water ecological functions of lakes and their catchment areas. Background Technology

[0002] Lakes and their catchment basins are important spatial units for regional water resource allocation, water ecological security, and water environment management. In recent years, driven by relevant national policies, various regions have gradually carried out comprehensive watershed management and water ecological restoration work centered on lakes, and the understanding of the coupling relationship between lake basin hydrological processes, water ecological structure, and water environmental quality has been continuously deepened. However, in current management practices, there is still a widespread reliance on a single water environment assessment method centered on the water quality compliance rate. This method is insufficient to comprehensively reflect the comprehensive functional level of lake basins in terms of water quantity regulation, ecological maintenance, and water environment carrying capacity, and it also fails to provide quantitative basis for refined zoning management and water function improvement.

[0003] Several methods for water body monitoring and comprehensive evaluation have been proposed in the existing technology. For example, invention patent CN102565294B discloses a method for monitoring and evaluating water sources, which combines ground monitoring data with satellite remote sensing data, and uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy mathematics to comprehensively evaluate the safety level of drinking water sources, focusing on indicators such as water quality category, water quantity safety, and water source supervision capacity. This method has certain advantages in the macroscopic assessment of water source safety status, but it mainly serves as an early warning system for drinking water source safety, lacks a systematic quantification of hydrological processes and aquatic ecological structures, and does not establish spatial units for zoned management in lake-type watersheds.

[0004] Several evaluation methods have been proposed for assessing the aquatic ecosystem of lakes and reservoirs. Patent CN117094464B proposes a method for evaluating the aquatic ecological security of lake areas. It uses the lake's average annual water storage and maximum and minimum average annual water storage as core factors, combining pressure-state-response indicators from natural, social, and economic factors to determine the aquatic ecological security level through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Patent CN119671049A proposes a technical method for assessing the aquatic ecological health of lakes and reservoirs. It establishes an indicator system based on multi-level biological and water quality data, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and organic matter, to classify the ecological health level. These methods are somewhat representative in the evaluation of ecological health or ecological security units, but they generally share two common characteristics: First, the evaluation objects are mostly limited to single lakes or reservoirs, and the upstream water inflow process and river-lake connectivity characteristics are not introduced from the overall scale of the "lake-watershed" system. Second, the indicator system focuses on water quality and biological community status, and rarely introduces hydrological function indicators such as ecological flow satisfaction, river-lake connectivity, and water body residence time, which do not adequately reflect the hydrological-water ecology coupling mechanism.

[0005] Regarding the classification of aquatic ecological status and protection priorities, invention patent CN112200448A proposes a method for evaluating aquatic ecological status and classifying water bodies for protection priorities. It focuses on fish communities as the core, calculating a total score using ten individual indicators, including biodiversity, trophic structure, and environmental tolerance, to identify the ecological health status of water bodies and classify their protection and restoration priorities. This type of method emphasizes biological community response as the main thread, making it suitable for identifying ecologically damaged water bodies and determining their protection order. However, the coupling between the indicator system and hydrological scheduling and watershed management is weak, and there is a lack of systematic design on how to conduct hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zoning and support zoning management at the watershed scale.

[0006] Furthermore, with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and water environment monitoring technologies, there is a considerable technological reserve for online monitoring systems for river basins and lakes. Patent CN103175513A proposes an IoT-based watershed hydrological and water quality monitoring system applicable to the impact of water conservancy projects. This system collects hydrological and water quality data through various fixed and mobile sensors, uses neural networks for prediction, and employs an expert system to assess the current status and trends. Patent CN113552304A proposes a visual analysis system for water quality monitoring in fishing port waters, focusing on the visual analysis and early warning display of multi-parameter water quality monitoring results. Patent CN109342674B discloses an online monitoring and analysis system for lake water quality, focusing on the continuous online monitoring and analysis of lake water quality elements. The aforementioned technologies primarily address the questions of "what to monitor, how to collect and transmit data," providing technical support for water quality early warning and trend assessment. However, they typically stop at information perception and early warning at the hydrological or water quality level. There is a lack of clear technical pathways for transforming multi-source monitoring data into hydrological and aquatic ecological function evaluation results within the integrated spatial framework of watershed-river mouth-lake area, thereby forming operable functional zoning and management strategies.

[0007] Regarding the zoning of watershed water ecological functions, the invention patent with publication number CN105225077A proposes a three-level zoning method for lake-type watersheds. Based on a pre-constructed indicator system, it further divides the watersheds into three levels on the basis of the first and second levels, providing a foundation for the division of water quality target management and control units. This method introduces the management spatial concept of "lake-type watershed," which is of positive significance for promoting zoning management in lake areas. However, its zoning is mainly based on relatively static ecological function indicators and management needs, and it does not adequately consider the quantitative response to dynamic hydrological processes (such as ecological flow satisfaction, river-lake connectivity, and changes in residence time) and changes in ecological structure. At the same time, the mapping relationship between the zoning results and specific hydrological scheduling, pollution reduction, and ecological restoration measures is relatively rough, and an integrated technical chain of "evaluation-zoning-management strategy" has not yet been formed.

[0008] Regarding the state evolution of shallow lakes, invention patent CN115829420A proposes a method for determining the steady-state transition threshold of shallow lakes. This method combines aquatic ecological environment numerical models with steady-state transition theory, simulating changes in key driving factors to determine the threshold for a lake to transition from a healthy state to eutrophic or degraded states, and evaluating the impact of different governance measures. While this method is innovative in quantitatively identifying steady-state transitions in lake ecosystems, it primarily focuses on the state transition threshold within the lake itself, without comprehensively depicting processes such as upstream water inflow and hydrodynamic connectivity. Furthermore, it does not construct a comprehensive hydrological-aquatic ecological function evaluation index or spatial zoning method that can be widely applied across the entire lake basin.

[0009] Based on the above existing technologies, it can be seen that: Existing water environment and water ecology assessment methods often focus on one aspect of water quality or ecological health, either emphasizing the safety of water sources and water quality compliance, or highlighting the ecological safety or health level of a single water body. However, they lack a quantifiable comprehensive evaluation framework for the hydrological and water ecology functions of lake basins that simultaneously covers the three dimensions of hydrological processes, ecological structure, and water quality pressure. Existing online monitoring and visual analysis systems mostly focus on data acquisition, early warning and visualization, but have not yet systematically solved how to transform multi-source monitoring data into functional indices and zoning results that can directly support zoning management decisions within the integrated spatial unit of "basin-river mouth-lake area". While existing water ecological function zoning methods for lake-type watersheds have proposed the idea of ​​hierarchical zoning, the coupling degree between zoning indicators and dynamic hydrological processes is limited, and the correlation between zoning results and specific water function improvement measures is not close enough. In management practice, they are difficult to directly use to guide the overall implementation of ecological scheduling, pollution control and remediation projects.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an evaluation method and zoning management system that can comprehensively utilize multi-source information on hydrological processes, aquatic ecological structure, and water quality pressure at the lake basin scale to construct a comprehensive hydrological-aquatic ecological function index, clearly distinguish the contributions of hydrological function sub-indices, aquatic ecological structure sub-indices, and water quality pressure sub-indices, and based on this, form an operable functional zoning and management strategy recommendation system to make up for the shortcomings of existing technologies in the integrated hydrological-aquatic ecological function evaluation and zoning management of lake basins. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method and zoning management system for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of lake basins. This solves the technical problem of limitations in existing methods for evaluating the water environment and aquatic ecology of lakes and their catchment basins, which rely on single water bodies and single elements. The lack of a functional evaluation system and zoning management methods that comprehensively reflect hydrological processes, aquatic ecological structure, and water quality pressure at an integrated spatial scale of "basin-river mouth-lake area" makes it difficult to provide quantitative and operational technical support for improving the water function of lake basins.

[0012] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a comprehensive evaluation method and zoning management system for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of a lake basin. The method, at an integrated spatial scale of "basin-river mouth-lake area," introduces three core quantities: a hydrological function sub-index, an aquatic ecological structure sub-index, and a water quality pressure sub-index, to construct a comprehensive index WEFI. It also establishes corresponding calculation methods for index normalization, weight calibration, functional level determination, and functional zoning. The system integrates modules for basin monitoring, index calculation, functional determination, and zoning display, achieving a closed-loop application from multi-source monitoring data to zoning management strategies.

[0013] I. Comprehensive Evaluation Methods for Hydrological and Aquatic Ecological Functions of Lake Basins (I) Evaluation Unit Division and Data Acquisition The integrated evaluation method for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of lake basins proposed in this invention preferably includes the following technical steps: First, at a spatial scale, this invention divides lakes and their catchment areas into a set of evaluation units, each including at least an upstream watershed unit, an estuary unit, and a lake water body unit. In practice, upstream watershed units can be divided according to tributary sub-basins or control section catchment areas; estuary units can be divided according to a certain length of river segment upstream and downstream of a typical inflow section; and lake water body units can be divided using hydrodynamic zoning, functional zoning, or regular grids to ensure a certain degree of consistency in hydrodynamic conditions and aquatic ecological characteristics within each unit. The evaluation units constructed in this way provide the basic spatial units for subsequent indicator calculations and spatial zoning.

[0014] Secondly, in terms of time scale, this invention selects an evaluation period T (e.g., a hydrological year or a dry and wet season), and obtains hydrological, aquatic ecology and water environment monitoring data for each evaluation unit within the evaluation period T, supplementing it with numerical simulation results when necessary.

[0015] Preferably, the data includes flow or water level processes, time series of river-lake connectivity and disconnection, water retention time, nutrient concentrations such as total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), transparency, chlorophyll a, as well as aquatic vegetation coverage, number of aquatic plant species, and benthic animal or fish community structure. The data can be sourced from upstream flow and water quality monitoring stations, hydrological-water quality monitoring sections at the lake's estuary, three-dimensional water environment monitoring buoys in the lake area, and composite monitoring stakes along the lakeshore. It can also be obtained through spatiotemporal interpolation and completion based on calculations from an integrated watershed-river-lake hydrological-hydrodynamic-water quality model.

[0016] (II) Construction and Normalization of the Indicator System In terms of indicator system construction, this invention constructs a set of hydrological function indicators for each evaluation unit. Set of water ecological structure indicators and water quality pressure index set .

[0017] Preferably, the set of hydrological functional indicators Include at least the following: The Ecological Flow Satisfaction Index (EFI) is used to characterize the proportion of days within an evaluation period where the measured flow or water level meets the target ecological flow or ecological water level range. Its calculation form can be expressed as: in, The number of days that meet the ecological requirements within the evaluation period; This represents the total number of days in the cycle.

[0018] The flow variability index (HVI) reflects the degree of variability in a daily flow series. It is preferably based on the coefficient of variation (CVQ) of the daily flow series within a year or season, normalized using a monotonic function. Its calculation form can be expressed as: in, The coefficient of variation for daily flow rate; This is a monotonic function that maps the flow variability to the interval [0, 1].

[0019] The River-Lake Connectivity Index (HCI) characterizes the proportion of days when a river and lake maintain hydraulic connectivity. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of days with hydraulic connectivity to the total number of days within the evaluation period. Its calculation form can be expressed as: in, The number of days to maintain connectivity.

[0020] The residence time index (RTI) is used to characterize the average residence time of water bodies. The degree of closeness to the preset target interval is preferably determined by a pre-defined function. Mapped to the 0-1 interval, dwell time The closer to the preset target dwell time range, the higher the dwell time index. The higher the score, the better. Its calculation can be expressed as: in, To extend the stay time Functions mapped to the interval [0, 1].

[0021] Set of water ecological structure indicators It includes at least the aquatic vegetation integrity index VI, the biodiversity index BDI, and the biological community integrity index BCI.

[0022] The aquatic vegetation integrity index VI is calculated by weighting the coverage, bandwidth, and species number of living aquatic plants such as emergent plants, submerged plants, and floating plants. For example, it can be calculated using the following formula: in, , , These are the normalized values ​​for emergent, submerged, and floating plant coverage or bandwidth, respectively. This is the normalized value of the number of aquatic plant species; a 1~ a 4 is the weighting coefficient and satisfies ; Biodiversity Index The Shannon-Wiener index is a typical aquatic plant, benthic animal, or fish community standardized according to preset upper and lower limits, i.e.: in, The Shannon–Wiener index; To convert the Shannon–Wiener index Functions mapped to the interval [0,1]; Biological community integrity index Then, by using information such as the presence of indicator species, the composition of dominant species, and the trophic level structure, the score is calculated according to the scoring rules, and the value range is also standardized to the interval of 0 to 1, that is: in, Indicator species indicators; For indicators related to dominant species; These are indicators related to functional trophic levels.

[0023] Water quality pressure index set Preferred indicators include the Nutrient Stress Index (NPI), the Intrinsic Release Risk Index (IRSI), and the Eutrophication Risk Index (EUI).

[0024] Nutritional stress index Through total nitrogen Total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen The standardized values ​​are obtained by weighting them, and the standardized values ​​include: ammonia nitrogen index Similarly, the Nutrient Stress Index (NPI) is calculated as follows: in, , Total phosphorus The minimum and maximum values; , Total phosphorus The minimum and maximum values; b1~b3 are weighting coefficients and satisfy... .

[0025] The Intrinsic Release Risk Index (IRSI) is calculated based on parameters such as the phosphorus concentration difference and diffusion flux between sediment pore water and overlying water. It is converted into a risk value in the range of 0 to 1 using empirical or semi-empirical functions, and is used to characterize the potential pressure of sediment releasing nutrients into the overlying water. in, To measure the difference in phosphorus concentration and diffusion flux Functions mapped to the interval [0,1].

[0026] Eutrophication Risk Index Overall transparency Chlorophyll a concentration and cyanobacterial dominance factor Information such as these is mapped to an eutrophication risk level in the range of 0 to 1 through a preset function, i.e.: in, To increase transparency Chlorophyll a concentration and cyanobacterial dominance factor Functions mapped to the interval [0,1].

[0027] To eliminate the influence of different indicator units and value ranges, this invention performs unified normalization processing on the above-mentioned indices.

[0028] Preferably, for benefit-type indicators where "the higher the value, the better," a linear normalization form is adopted. For cost-based indicators where "the smaller the value, the better," a reverse normalization method is used. For indicators with an optimal range, such as residence time, trapezoidal or triangular membership functions can be used to map the degree of deviation to values ​​between 0 and 1, thereby obtaining a set of hydrological function indicators. Set of water ecological structure indicators and water quality pressure index set The dimensionless value facilitates subsequent weighted calculations.

[0029] (III) Calculation of Sub-Indices and Composite Indices Based on the aforementioned indicator system and normalization process, this invention constructs hydrological functional sub-indices. Water ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index The weighted model.

[0030] Preferably, for any evaluation unit, the hydrological function sub-index Water ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index Calculate according to the following formulas respectively: in, , , These are the weighting coefficients for each type of indicator, and they satisfy... .

[0031] Furthermore, this invention constructs a comprehensive index of lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological function (WEFI) to comprehensively reflect the overall functional level of hydrological processes, aquatic ecological structure, and water quality pressure. Preferably, the comprehensive index WEFI adopts... In the form of, The weighting coefficients for hydrological function, aquatic ecological structure, and water quality pressure in the comprehensive index, satisfying... ,pass In this form, the water quality pressure sub-index, which states "the greater the pressure, the worse the water quality," is transformed into a functional quantity, which states "the greater the contribution, the better the water quality," and compared with the hydrological function sub-index. Water ecological structure sub-index Maintain consistency in direction.

[0032] (iv) Weighting and determination of functional level and degradation type To make the comprehensive evaluation results more in line with actual management needs, this invention further introduces weight calibration and parameter optimization methods.

[0033] Preferably, a comprehensive calibration function is constructed by combining historical monitoring data and existing ecological status assessment results. This function measures the degree of agreement, spatial discriminant power, and compliance with management constraints between the comprehensive index WEFI calculated in this invention and historical assessment results. For example, a multi-objective calibration function can be constructed. ,Right now: in, The comprehensive index WEFI and historical measured ecological status evaluation results The coefficient of determination; The variance of the comprehensive index WEFI for each evaluation unit is used to constrain the evaluation results to maintain a certain degree of discrimination. Penalties for violating regulatory constraints; 、 、 It is a non-negative tradeoff coefficient.

[0034] By adjusting the weighting coefficients of various indicators , , and comprehensive weight Perform search and adjustment to enable multi-objective calibration function By maximizing the value, the optimal weight combination under a specific lake basin and management objectives can be obtained. This invention preferably employs a grid search or heuristic optimization algorithm based on initial values ​​provided by experts for solution.

[0035] In terms of functional level determination, this invention compares the comprehensive index WEFI with a preset set of functional level thresholds, classifying the evaluation units into various hydrological-aquatic ecological functional levels from I to V, where level I represents excellent function and level V represents severe degradation. The thresholds can be determined by combining historical data distribution characteristics, national or local water environment goals, and ecological protection requirements. Furthermore, this is achieved by comparing the hydrological functional sub-indices of each evaluation unit. Water ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index Based on the relative size and degree of deviation from the ideal state, this invention classifies the dominant degradation type of the evaluation unit into hydrological damage type, ecological structure degradation type, and water quality pressure type, providing targeted information for subsequent zoned management.

[0036] II. Lake Basin Hydrological-Aquatic Ecological Functional Zoning Management System Based on the above methods, this invention also provides a lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zoning management system. The system includes a basin monitoring subsystem, an evaluation and zoning subsystem, and an information display and management subsystem. Through hardware and software integration, it achieves multi-source data acquisition, functional index calculation, functional level determination, and visualization and management of spatial zoning results.

[0037] (I) Watershed Monitoring Subsystem Preferably, the watershed monitoring subsystem is deployed in the upstream watershed, river estuaries, and lake area, and includes at least upstream river flow and water quality monitoring stations, river estuary hydrological and water quality monitoring sections, three-dimensional water environment monitoring buoys in the lake area, and composite monitoring piles along the lakeshore, for real-time acquisition of hydrological, water quality, and ecological environment information. Each monitoring device is connected to a central database via a communication network to achieve automatic data acquisition, transmission, and storage, providing foundational data for the evaluation and zoning subsystem.

[0038] The lakeside composite monitoring piles include at least: Multi-layer water body monitoring probes are deployed along the water depth direction to monitor water level, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and nutrient concentration in the surface, middle and near bottom layers, respectively. A pore water sampling port and in-situ sensor are installed in the sediment layer to monitor total phosphorus, total nitrogen and redox potential of the bottom sediment pore water; A root zone environmental monitoring probe, installed at the height of the root zone of emergent plants on the lakeshore, is used to monitor dissolved oxygen, redox potential and conductivity in the root zone; And data acquisition and power supply components connected to the root zone environmental monitoring probe, used to distribute and transmit monitoring data to the evaluation and zoning subsystem according to evaluation units.

[0039] (II) Evaluation and Zoning Subsystem The evaluation and zoning subsystem includes a built-in indicator calculation unit, a function determination unit, and a zoning unit. The indicator calculation unit automatically calculates various indicators, sub-indices, and comprehensive indices according to the evaluation method of this invention, and outputs the hydrological function sub-index for each evaluation unit. Water ecological structure sub-index Water quality pressure sub-index The comprehensive index WEFI and its sub-indices are used to determine the functional level of each evaluation unit according to preset thresholds and identify the dominant degradation type. The zoning unit aggregates functionally similar and spatially connected evaluation units into several hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zones based on the functional level, dominant degradation type, and spatial adjacency between evaluation units. Preferred considerations include ensuring that the difference in the comprehensive index WEFI within a zone does not exceed a set limit, and that zone boundaries are as smooth and connected as possible to create spatial zoning results that facilitate engineering implementation and management.

[0040] (III) Information Display and Management Subsystem and Implementation Measures The information display and management subsystem is set up in the watershed or watershed-lake management agency. It is used to intuitively display the functional level distribution and functional zoning range on the map interface. Combined with the "zoning-measures" comparison table preset by the manager, it automatically matches the combination of measures such as source pollution control, endogenous treatment, hydrological scheduling and ecological restoration for functional zoning of different types and levels.

[0041] Preferably, the information display and management subsystem includes a partition attribute library, a measure comparison table, and a management configuration interface, wherein: The zoning attribute library stores information such as the comprehensive index WEFI value, functional level, dominant degradation type, and water body function positioning of each functional zone; the measure comparison table records standardized measure combinations for different functional levels and degradation types; the management configuration interface assists managers in selecting target functional zones on the map, viewing evaluation results and recommended measures, and adding, subtracting, and adjusting measure combinations according to actual conditions, thereby forming targeted water function improvement plans, and ultimately realizing an integrated technical path from monitoring data collection, functional evaluation, spatial zoning to management strategy output.

[0042] Based on the above technical solutions, this invention further provides evaluation unit division, indicator selection and normalization, calculation models for sub-indices and comprehensive indices, weight calibration methods, and spatial zoning ideas, making the comprehensive evaluation and zoning management of lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological functions have clear calculation basis and strong engineering feasibility.

[0043] By employing the above technical solution, the present invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method and zoning management system for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of lake basins, which has at least the following beneficial effects: The evaluation scale is more complete: taking the integrated lake basin of "basin-river mouth-lake area" as the evaluation object, the evaluation units and calculation methods are uniformly divided. Compared with the evaluation method that only targets a single lake or local section, it can more comprehensively reflect the overall hydrological and water ecological functions of the lake basin.

[0044] The indicator system is decomposable and clearly defined: constructing a system of hydrological function sub-indices. Water ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index The comprehensive indicator system can clearly identify the dominant problem types while providing the overall functional level, making it easier to accurately determine the key areas for governance.

[0045] The evaluation results are more objective and comparable: By using a unified indicator normalization method and weight calibration based on historical evaluation and management constraints, the objectivity and comparability of the comprehensive index and sub-indices are improved, avoiding evaluation bias caused by purely subjective weighting.

[0046] Achieving integrated application from evaluation to zoning management: The method and system are matched to realize the integrated application of monitoring data, functional evaluation, spatial zoning and measure recommendation. It can directly output hydrological-water ecological functional zoning and corresponding governance combinations, and has strong management operability.

[0047] In summary, this invention aims to develop a comprehensive evaluation method and zoning management system for hydrological and aquatic ecological functions applicable to lake basins, realizing a complete technical chain of "multi-source monitoring data → functional index → ​​functional zoning → management measures," and providing a scientific basis for improving and refining the water function of lake basins. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the division of lake basin evaluation units according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the comprehensive evaluation method for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of lake basins according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lake basin hydrological-water ecology monitoring subsystem of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the overall framework diagram of the lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological function comprehensive evaluation and zoning management system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of the indicator system and sub-indices of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the hydrological and aquatic ecological functional zoning results and scenario comparisons of lake basins in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 (a) Spatial distribution of functional partitions Z1 to Z4 obtained in the schematic embodiment. Figure 6 (b) This diagram illustrates the changes in the comprehensive index WEFI for each functional area under the baseline and governance scenarios.

[0049] In the picture: 1. Watershed monitoring subsystem; 11. Upstream river flow and water quality monitoring station; 12. Hydrological and water quality monitoring section at the river mouth flowing into the lake; 13. Three-dimensional water environment monitoring buoy in the lake area; 14. Composite monitoring piles in the lakeside zone; 15. Data acquisition and transmission module; 2. Evaluation and Zoning Subsystem; 21. Indicator Calculation Unit; 22. Functional Determination Unit; 23. Zoning Delineation Unit; 24. Scenario Evaluation Unit; 3. Information display and management subsystem; 31. Partition attribute library; 32. Measure comparison table; 33. Management configuration interface. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This will allow for a full understanding of how the present application uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects, and to facilitate its implementation.

[0051] This embodiment addresses the limitations of existing methods for evaluating the water environment and aquatic ecology of lakes and their catchment basins, which often focus on "single water bodies and single elements." These methods lack a comprehensive functional evaluation system and zoning management mechanisms that reflect hydrological processes, aquatic ecological structure, and water quality pressure at an integrated spatial scale encompassing the "basin-river mouth-lake area," thus hindering the provision of quantitative and operational technical support for improving the water function of lake basins. Specifically, this embodiment aims to solve the following technical problems related to this overall issue: (1) The indicator system is too simple and it is difficult to reflect the coupling of hydrology and water ecology.

[0052] Most existing evaluation methods focus on water quality compliance, trophic status, or a specific type of aquatic biological community, while neglecting hydrological functional factors such as ecological flow satisfaction, river-lake connectivity, and water retention time. They lack a comprehensive evaluation index system that can simultaneously characterize hydrological processes, aquatic ecological structure, and water quality pressure within the same mathematical framework. This invention aims to construct a comprehensive hydrological-aquatic ecological function index composed of hydrological function sub-indices, aquatic ecological structure sub-indices, and water quality pressure sub-indices, and to provide corresponding calculation methods.

[0053] (2) The problem that multi-source monitoring data is difficult to convert into comparable functional indices.

[0054] Based on existing IoT monitoring and numerical simulations, a large amount of hydrological, water quality, and ecological data has been accumulated in watersheds and lake areas. However, the lack of unified normalization, weight calibration, and comprehensive calculation methods makes it difficult to compare the functional status of different regions and at different times horizontally and track it vertically. This invention aims to propose an index normalization and weight calibration method based on multi-source data, so that the obtained hydrological function sub-indices, aquatic ecological structure sub-indices, water quality pressure sub-indices, and comprehensive indices are comparable and traceable.

[0055] (3) The evaluation results cannot effectively support spatial zoning and management decisions.

[0056] Existing zoning methods are mostly based on static functional positioning or experience-based classification, making it difficult to closely link with dynamic evaluation results. Furthermore, there is a lack of clear quantitative mapping between zoning results and specific water function improvement measures. This invention aims to establish a functional zoning method and management system that combines the comprehensive hydrological-water ecological function index and its sub-indices with spatial units. This system will enable the delineation of hydrological-water ecological function zones based on the functional level and dominant degradation type of the evaluation unit, and will match different zones with corresponding combinations of source control, endogenous pollution control, hydrological scheduling, and ecological restoration measures.

[0057] By addressing the aforementioned technical issues, this embodiment aims to establish a comprehensive evaluation method and zoning management system for hydrological and aquatic ecological functions applicable to lake basins, realizing a complete technical chain of "multi-source monitoring data → functional index → ​​functional zoning → management measures," and providing a scientific basis for improving and refining the water function of lake basins.

[0058] Example 1: This embodiment takes a typical shallow eutrophic lake basin as the object and uses the comprehensive evaluation method of lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological function of the present invention to quantitatively evaluate and determine the comprehensive hydrological-aquatic ecological function of a complete hydrological year, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the complete steps from evaluation unit division, data acquisition and preprocessing, index normalization and sub-index calculation, to the calculation of the comprehensive index WEFI and the formation of functional levels and functional zones are presented. This embodiment demonstrates the complete process from evaluation unit division and data acquisition, to index calculation, sub-index and comprehensive index retrieval, functional level determination and dominant degradation type identification.

[0059] Spatially, the lake and its catchment area are divided into several evaluation units. For ease of explanation, this embodiment selects eight representative units as examples, such as... Figure 1The system shown comprises a lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological function evaluation unit system consisting of three upstream sub-basin units U1–U3, two estuary units U4 and U5, and three lake area water body units U6–U8. The upstream units are bounded by the catchment area of ​​the main control section, the estuary units by a certain length of river section upstream and downstream of a typical inflow section, and the lake area units, based on hydrodynamic zoning and functional zoning, represent the nearshore stagnant zone, nearshore transition zone, and lake center channel zone, respectively. In terms of time scale, a complete hydrological year is used as the evaluation period, and the main hydrological, water quality, and ecological data for each evaluation unit within this period are collected and processed.

[0060] Regarding data sources, automatic flow-level-water quality monitoring stations were deployed upstream, cross-sectional velocity profilers and online water quality analyzers were deployed at the river estuaries flowing into the lake, and multi-layered monitoring buoys and near-shore composite monitoring piles were deployed in the lake area. For parameters that are difficult to monitor directly, interpolation and spatiotemporal decomposition were performed using an existing integrated watershed-river-lake hydrological-hydrodynamic-water quality model. After quality control, the key data used in this embodiment include: the number of days that meet ecological flow or ecological water level requirements during the critical ecological period. The number of days throughout the year when rivers and lakes maintain hydraulic connectivity Daily flow variation coefficient Average water retention time Total nitrogen Total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen Transparency D, Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), Cyanobacterial Dominance Factor Phosphorus concentration difference between sediment pore water and overlying water and diffusion flux ; and emergent plant coverage Submerged plant coverage Floating plant coverage Number of aquatic plant species Community diversity index With the biome integrity index wait.

[0061] Regarding the setting of indicators and parameters, this embodiment adopts the following unified normalized boundary and calculation rules.

[0062] Among the hydrological function indicators, assuming a critical ecological period of 180 days, the ecological flow satisfaction index... Defined as: in, This refers to the number of days that meet the ecological requirements within the evaluation period.

[0063] River and lake connectivity index for: in, The number of days to maintain connectivity.

[0064] Traffic variability index use: The result is then truncated to the interval [0,1].

[0065] Duration of stay index The optimal range is 15 to 30 days, when the average residence time of the water body is... The timing decays linearly and is truncated to [0,1] (average residence time of water). Between 30 and 60), that is: Among the water ecological structure indicators, the aquatic vegetation integrity index The result is constructed by weighting the coverage (or bandwidth) and species number of aquatic plants of different life forms, and then bounded to [0,1]. That is: Biodiversity Index By Shannon–Wiener index Standardization yields, i.e.: Biological community integrity index In this embodiment, directly take Its value has been pre-normalized to [0,1].

[0066] Among water quality pressure indicators, the nutrient pressure index From total nitrogen Total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen The normalized values ​​are composed of the total nitrogen values, where the normalization boundaries are taken from the total nitrogen values. Total phosphorus is in the range of 0.5–3.0 mg / L. Ammonia nitrogen levels range from 0.02 to 0.20 mg / L. The concentration is between 0.05 and 1.0 mg / L. The corresponding normalized form is: And , , Cutoff at [0,1]. Nutrient stress index Defined as: Endogenous release risk index The difference in phosphorus concentration between sediment pore water and overlying water (Boundary 0–0.20 mg / L) and diffusion flux (Boundary 0~0.25mg / (m)) 2 ·d)) Construct and truncate at [0,1], that is: Eutrophication Risk Index Select transparency Chlorophyll a concentration and cyanobacterial dominance factor Assuming chlorophyll a concentration as input. Normalized to 5–80 μg / L and SD within the range of 0.3–2.5 m, and similarly constrained to the [0,1] interval, then: This embodiment employs a weighted model for calculating sub-indices, specifically the hydrological function sub-indices. Water ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index Calculated separately as follows: The corresponding sub-indicator weighting schemes are {0.35, 0.30, 0.15, 0.20}, {0.40, 0.30, 0.30}, and {0.50, 0.25, 0.25}. The comprehensive index WEFI adopts: In this embodiment, the following is taken = 0.35, = 0.40, = 0.25, reflecting the management preference of "taking into account both hydrology and ecology, and appropriately emphasizing pressure control".

[0067] The following section uses the estuary unit U4 and the nearshore unit U6 of the lake area as examples to illustrate the calculation process in detail. For the estuary unit U4, monitoring and model calculations show that the number of days of ecological flow is met during the critical ecological period. Number of days with river and lake connections throughout the year Daily flow variation coefficient Average stay time Therefore, the following calculations can be made: In terms of vegetation, the emergent plant coverage in the estuary zone is... Submerged plant coverage Floating plant coverage Number of aquatic plant species The aquatic vegetation integrity index for: Community diversity index The biodiversity index for: Community integrity scoring Therefore, the biological community integrity index Regarding water quality, total nitrogen (TN) = 2.8 mg / L, total phosphorus (TP) = 0.18 mg / L, and ammonia nitrogen... = 0.70 mg / L, then the nutrient stress index The calculation is as follows: This led to the nutrient stress index. for: Phosphorus concentration difference between sediment pore water and overlying water =0.16 mg / L, diffusion flux =0.18mg / (m 2 ·d), to obtain the endogenous release risk index for: Transparency SD = 0.4 μm, chlorophyll a concentration Chl-a = 65 g / L, cyanobacterial dominance =0.70, then the eutrophication risk index for: Based on the indices calculated above, the hydrological function sub-indices of this evaluation unit can be obtained. Water ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index ,Right now: Substituting into the composite index formula, we obtain the composite index WEFI as follows: According to the functional level thresholds set in this invention, a comprehensive index WEFI≈0.412 belongs to Level IV; comparing the hydrological functional sub-indices... ≈0.752, Water Ecological Structure Sub-index ≈0.265 and the water quality pressure sub-index ≈0.171, indicating that the water quality pressure sub-index is... The lowest value indicates that the water quality pressure problem is the most prominent, and this unit is classified as water quality pressure type.

[0068] For the nearshore unit U6 of the lake area, the hydrological function sub-index was calculated using the same method. =0.961, Water Ecological Structure Sub-index =0.634, water quality pressure sub-index =0.366, substituting into the equation, we get the comprehensive index WEFI≈0.749, which belongs to Level II. This indicates that the nearshore hydrological conditions of the lake area are good, the aquatic ecological structure is relatively healthy, and the nutrient pressure is moderately high. It is one of the advantageous functional units in the lake basin this year.

[0069] The sub-indices and composite indices of the eight evaluation units are summarized to obtain the results shown in Table 1 (numerical values ​​are rounded to three decimal places), as follows: Table 1. Sub-indices and composite indices of typical evaluation units

[0070] As can be seen from this embodiment, under the selected year and weighting scheme, the nearshore units U6 and U7 in the lake area have relatively good comprehensive functions (Level II), while most of the upstream units and the central channel units are Level III. The upstream C (U3) and the estuary R1 (U4) are Level IV, and both are of the water quality pressure type, indicating high internal and external nutrient loads and a high risk of sediment release. These are priority areas for integrated watershed-lake management identified by the method of this invention. The main weakness of most Level III units is their low FE (Feature Element), indicating ecological degradation. This suggests that even with improved hydrological conditions, vegetation restoration and community reconstruction in the lakeshore and shallow water areas remain crucial for improving comprehensive functions.

[0071] This embodiment demonstrates that the evaluation unit division, indicator system, and sub-index and comprehensive index calculation method proposed in this invention can operate in a closed loop at the lake basin scale. It can not only quantitatively give the comprehensive functional level of each evaluation unit, but also decompose the three types of shortcomings: hydrology, water ecology, and water quality pressure. This provides a reliable foundation for weight optimization, multi-scenario evaluation, and system-level functional zoning and measure configuration in subsequent embodiments.

[0072] Example 2: Based on the shallow lake basin proposed in Example 1, this embodiment demonstrates how to calibrate the comprehensive weights according to historical comprehensive evaluation results and management constraints using the same set of evaluation units U1 to U8, and compares the impact of different weight schemes on the comprehensive index WEFI, functional level and spatial pattern, thereby reflecting the rationality and operability of the weight selection in this invention.

[0073] First, the hydrological function sub-indices calculated in Example 1 are used. Water ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index For ease of explanation, this embodiment provides the sub-indices for the eight evaluation units and their corresponding... And historical comprehensive evaluation values ​​given by experts based on years of monitoring experience. In this embodiment, the historical comprehensive evaluation value A continuous value between 0 and 1 can be considered as the "historical comprehensive impression score", as shown in Table 2.

[0074] Table 2. Sub-indices, dominant degradation types, and historical evaluations of the evaluation units.

[0075] In this embodiment, the comprehensive index is calculated using a unified formula. and satisfy , To compare the impact of different weight values, three representative schemes were selected: the first being the equal-weight scheme (scheme 0), where... = 1 / 3, = 1 / 3, = 1 / 3, indicating that hydrological function, aquatic ecological structure, and water quality pressure are equally important; the second is the balancing scheme (Scheme A) used in Example 1, taking = 0.35, = 0.40, = 0.25, slightly emphasizing hydrology and ecology; the third is the water quality pressure priority scheme (Scheme C), taking = 0.25, = 0.25, = 0.50, significantly increasing the weighting of water quality pressure. Substitute into the hydrological function sub-indices listed in Table 2. Water ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index The comprehensive index WEFI and functional level of the eight evaluation units under the three schemes were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0076] Table 3 WEFI and Functional Levels of Each Unit under Different Weighting Schemes

[0077] As shown in Table 3, the spatial patterns are largely consistent under the three weighting schemes: nearshore units U6 and U7 in the lake area remain stable at Level II; upstream units A and B and the central channel U8 remain stable at Level III; and upstream unit C and estuary unit R1 (U3 and U4) remain stable at Level IV or worse, consistently identified as weak links in the watershed-lake system. However, in terms of numerical details, the higher the water quality pressure weight, the lower the comprehensive index and the more unfavorable the level. In particular, estuary unit R1 (U4) has a WEFI of 0.412 and 0.396 under schemes A and 0, respectively, both at Level IV; under scheme C, the WEFI is reduced to 0.340, falling into Level V, far below the historical comprehensive evaluation value. =0.40 corresponds to a general to poor state, which is inconsistent with the consensus of the management department that "although the estuary area has prominent problems, it still has the potential for recovery".

[0078] To objectively assess the consistency between the three weighting schemes and historical evaluations, this embodiment compares the comprehensive index WEFI with historical comprehensive evaluation values. Perform linear regression, using the coefficient of determination R0. 2 To measure the goodness of fit, the sample variance Var(WEFI) of the comprehensive index WEFI is calculated to characterize spatial discrimination. A management red line constraint is set for estuarine unit U4: the comprehensive index WEFI of U4 must not be lower than 0.35 (i.e., it should not be rated as the lowest V level). If the WEFI under a certain scheme... U4 If < 0.35, then a penalty term is defined. =(0.35−WEFI U4 ) 2 Otherwise, penalty items = 0. The multi-objective calibration function is defined as follows: = R 2 −2·Var(WEFI)−10· Penalty The coefficient 2 is used to suppress excessive spatial differences, and the coefficient 10 is used to strengthen the penalty for violations of the red line. The diagnostic indicators for the three schemes calculated in this embodiment are shown in Table 4 (values ​​are rounded to three decimal places).

[0079] Table 4. R values ​​for the three weighting schemes 2 Variance, penalty, and multi-objective calibration function

[0080] According to Table 4, without considering the penalty term, the R values ​​of scheme A and scheme 0 are... 2 Both are around 0.97, indicating that they both agree well with historical assessments. However, the variance of Scheme A is slightly smaller than that of Scheme 0, and the spatial differences are slightly more gradual, which better meets the management requirement of "creating a wide gap while avoiding extremes." Although Scheme C is more "strict" in identifying the pressure in the estuary and lagoon, the overall R...2 The variance decreased slightly, but increased significantly, and the penalty term was triggered because U4 was pushed into the V level, affecting the multi-objective calibration function. Significantly lower than the first two schemes. Taking into account fitting history, spatial stability, and redline constraints, Scheme A is the best performing scheme in this year's sample. The value is the highest, slightly better than scheme 0, and significantly better than scheme C. Therefore, in this embodiment, scheme A is used as the "calibration weight scheme" for this watershed.

[0081] From an engineering perspective, the weights α = 0.35, β = 0.40, and γ = 0.25 corresponding to Scheme A ensure that the comprehensive index WEFI maintains a spatial distribution highly consistent with historical assessments while numerically avoiding an overestimation of the impact of any particular type of pressure. Under these weights, the estuary R1 and upstream C are consistently identified as "Water Quality Pressure Type IV," providing clear direction for subsequent targeted implementation of source reduction, endogenous control, and hydraulic scheduling. The nearshore lake units U6 and U7 are consistently identified as "Ecological Structure Degradation Type II," suggesting that further improvements in ecological structure, such as shoreline restoration and submerged plant reconstruction, can be implemented to push them towards Type I. For other years or other similar lake basins, only the sub-indices and historical assessments in Table 2 need to be updated. By using the same objective function and constraints, α, β, and γ can be recalibrated to obtain a new optimal weight combination, thereby enabling the method of this invention to be transferable, comparable, and updatable across different watersheds and different management stages.

[0082] Example 3: To realize the engineering application of the above-mentioned comprehensive evaluation method for hydrological and water ecological functions of lake basins, this embodiment constructs a lake basin hydrological and water ecological function zoning management system. The system includes a basin monitoring subsystem 1, an evaluation and zoning subsystem 2, and an information display and management subsystem 3. The subsystems interact with each other through data acquisition and network communication.

[0083] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the watershed monitoring subsystem 1 includes an upstream river flow and water quality monitoring station 11 deployed in the upstream river channel, a lake inlet section hydrological-water quality monitoring section 12 deployed at the lake inlet, a lake area three-dimensional water environment monitoring buoy 13 deployed in the lake area, a lake area composite monitoring pile 14 deployed in the lakeside zone, and a data acquisition and transmission module 15 connected to the above monitoring equipment. It is used to continuously monitor the hydrological and aquatic ecological status of upstream water inflow, lake inlet, and lake area water bodies in the lake basin and send the monitoring data to the evaluation and zoning subsystem 2.

[0084] I. Methodology and System Integration The system is comprised of three interconnected subsystems: Watershed Monitoring Subsystem 1 (upstream automatic stations, estuary sections, three-dimensional buoys in the lake area, and composite monitoring stakes along the lakeshore, with data intervals of 15–60 minutes), Evaluation and Zoning Subsystem 2 (time-series quality control, indicator calculation, index aggregation, and spatial zoning, with daily rolling updates and monthly / yearly summaries), and Information Display and Management Subsystem 3 (a map-zoning-measure linkage interface). The evaluation engine incorporates the indicator and sub-index models from Implementation Example 1, such as... Figure 5 As shown. Composite Index The following should be adopted uniformly: The weights are based on the calibration results of Example 2. The sub-indexes are still calculated according to... The normalization of nutrient salts and eutrophication follows that in Example 1, namely: II. Functional Zoning In Example 1, the system reads the annual hydrological function sub-indices from the eight evaluation units (U1 to U8). Water ecological structure sub-index Water quality pressure sub-index Compared with comprehensive indicators Results (consistent with Example 1). An adjacency matrix was constructed based on the lake inflow topology and geographical adjacency. And adopt the "adjacent unit" Differences not exceeding the threshold Prioritize merging similar degradation types and set limits on differences within partitions. The rules are aggregated. The implementation aims to minimize the objective, i.e.: in This represents the total length of the partition boundaries. The system automatically generates four functional partitions, the composition of which and baseline indicators are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0085] Table 5. Composition of Functional Partitions (Based on Adjacency and Threshold Rules)

[0086] Table 6. Baseline Sub-Indices and Composite Indices by Region (Annual, Average of Members)

[0087] Note: The values ​​are consistent with the average of the unit-by-unit results in Example 1.

[0088] III. Comparison of "Zoning - Measures" The system has a built-in "zoning-measures" comparison table: for water quality stress-related issues, the preferred combination is upstream load reduction + estuarine endogenous source control + hydrodynamic optimization; for ecological structure degradation-related issues, the preferred combination is shoreline restoration + submerged plant reconstruction + habitat optimization. This embodiment sets up three scenarios, such as... Figure 6 As shown. That is: (1) (For the Z4 pressure hotspot area): Upstream load reduced by 25% (Same percentage reduction), endogenous flux reduced by 30% ( Decrease), Algal bloom intensity alleviated ( ), Estuary Connectivity and Detention Optimization ( ).

[0089] (2) (For the Z1 nearshore advantageous area): Focus on ecological restoration. (Limited to 1.0), hydraulics and pressure remain unchanged.

[0090] (3) (Comprehensive management for Z2 and Z3): Reduce external sources by 10-15% (10% for Z2 and 15% for Z3). (Z2) / (Z3), Connectivity fine-tuning ( For Z2, (Regarding Z3).

[0091] IV. Calculation of Representative Units Taking the estuary R1 (U4) of Z4 as an example, under the scenarios of 25% external source and 0% internal source, the normalized boundary according to Example 1 is as follows: Substitute the baseline data from U4 (Example 1): We can obtain: Hydraulic optimization enables , Keeping unchanged, therefore Ecological restoration brings A slight increase (e.g.) ),then: The overall index has been improved to: Compared to baseline Improvement (Ⅳ) III). Similarly, simulating the upstream C(U3) of Z4 according to the formula of "25% external source, 15% internal source, slight hydraulic optimization, and moderate ecological restoration", we can obtain... from Down to , from Rise to , from Rise to , (Ⅳ) Ⅲ).

[0092] For nearshore L1 (U6) and nearshore L2 (U7) of Z1, without changing the pressure and hydraulics, only through (Limited) Improvement Taking U6 as an example, if the baseline... After repair ,but: U7 syncs with .

[0093] Z2 and Z3 adopt a comprehensive scenario of "10-15% external source + small / medium-scale ecological restoration + fine-tuning of connectivity". The system automatically recalculates unit by unit according to the above formula. And summarize them to the partition level.

[0094] V. Comparison of Results Table 7. Comparison of Regional Baselines and Post-Scenario Indices (Annual Average) )

[0095] As can be seen, hotspot partition Z4 achieves a leap from level IV to level III under the combined "external-internal-hydraulic" scenario. The highest level was reached; the channel-lower lake area Z2 jumped to level II with relatively small investment; the nearshore dominant area Z1 approached the level I threshold under the drive of ecological restoration; the upstream-secondary estuary Z3 steadily rose but remained at level III, indicating that the intensity of external source reduction and habitat restoration needs to be appropriately increased in the next stage.

[0096] In the map interface of the information display and management subsystem, the system presents the scenario comparisons in Table 7 using "zoning coloring + index bars," and pushes a list of corresponding measure combinations and parameterized suggestions for each zone. For example: (1) For Z4, the system automatically provides the following: "Upstream point source / area source coordinated emission reduction of 25%, estuary sediment cover or active barrier reduction". 30%, dam and sluice gate scheduling plan will Increase by 0.05 and make The scheduling template is "". (2) For Z1, the objectives are "30-50m wide-band restoration of the lakeside zone, removal of invasive species and submerged reconstruction". "Ecological template"; (3) Provide a composite template for Z2 and Z3: “interception and ecological embankment renovation + submerged replanting + upstream tributary wetland connection”.

[0097] Administrators can fine-tune the reduction ratio or repair intensity in the interface, and the system will recalculate in real time according to the above formula. and It also indicates whether the "zone red line threshold" or the "investment-efficiency" inflection point has been reached.

[0098] This embodiment, starting from system implementation, presents an integrated process of monitoring, evaluation, zoning, and scenario management. It employs explicit mathematical expressions and adjacency constraint rules to complete zoning aggregation. The functional improvement effects at the zoning level are compared using verifiable mechanistic change calculations (four types of levers: exogenous, endogenous, hydraulic, and ecological). This demonstrates that the technical solution of this invention can not only stably produce comparable comprehensive indices on an annual scale, but also... In addition to functional levels, the evaluation results can be directly transformed into executable strategies of "zoning-measures-scheduling", providing effective decision support for the improvement of water function in lake basins.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, this application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0100] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Since the above embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments, their descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0101] The above embodiments provide a detailed description of the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive evaluation method for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of a lake basin, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The lake and the catchment area of ​​the rivers flowing into it are divided into several evaluation units, which include at least the upstream watershed unit, the river mouth unit, and the lake water body unit. Acquire hydrological, aquatic ecological, and water environment monitoring data or numerical simulation data for each evaluation unit during the evaluation period, and construct a set of hydrological functional indicators. Set of water ecological structure indicators and water quality pressure index set ; Normalization of hydrological function index set Set of water ecological structure indicators and water quality pressure index set And calculate the hydrological function sub-indices for each evaluation unit. Aquatic ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index ; A comprehensive index, WEFI, is constructed to comprehensively reflect the overall functional level of hydrological and aquatic ecological functions in lake basins, including hydrological processes, aquatic ecological structure, and water quality pressure. Based on the comprehensive index WEFI, the evaluation unit is divided into functional levels I to V to characterize the hydrological and water ecological functions of the lake basin, and its dominant degradation type is determined to be at least one of hydrological damage type, ecological structure degradation type or water quality pressure type. Based on the functional level, dominant degradation type, and spatial adjacency of each evaluation unit, a zoning map of the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of the lake basin and a priority sequence table for zoning management are generated.

2. The comprehensive evaluation method for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of a lake basin according to claim 1, characterized in that, The set of hydrological function indicators At least including: The ecological flow satisfaction index is used to characterize the proportion of days within an evaluation period where the measured flow or water level meets the target ecological flow or ecological water level range. Its expression is: in, The number of days that meet the ecological requirements within the evaluation period; This represents the total number of days in the cycle. The flow variability index is used to reflect the degree of variation in daily flow sequences. Its expression is: in, The coefficient of variation for daily flow rate; A monotonic function that maps flow variability to the interval [0, 1]. The river-lake connectivity index is used to characterize the proportion of days that a river channel and a lake maintain hydraulic connectivity. Its expression is: in, To maintain connectivity for a certain number of days; Used to characterize the average residence time of water. Dwell time index of proximity to the preset target range Its expression is: and the length of stay The closer to the preset target dwell time range, the higher the dwell time index. The higher the score; in, To extend the stay time Functions mapped to the interval [0, 1].

3. The comprehensive evaluation method for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of a lake basin according to claim 1, characterized in that, The set of water ecological structure indicators At least including: Aquatic vegetation integrity index The value is obtained by normalizing and weighting the coverage, bandwidth, and species number of emergent, submerged, and floating plants, i.e.: in, , , These are the normalized values ​​for emergent, submerged, and floating plant coverage, respectively. This represents the normalized value of the number of aquatic plant species. , which are preset weighting coefficients; Biodiversity Index The Shannon-Wiener index is a typical aquatic plant, benthic animal, or fish community standardized according to preset upper and lower limits, i.e.: in, The Shannon–Wiener index; To convert the Shannon–Wiener index Functions mapped to the interval [0,1]; Biological community integrity index Based at least on the presence of indicator species, the structure of dominant species, and the composition of functional trophic levels, through the assignment function The composite index converted to [0,1] is: in, Indicator species indicators; For indicators related to dominant species; These are indicators related to functional trophic levels.

4. The comprehensive evaluation method for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of a lake basin according to claim 1, characterized in that, The set of water quality pressure indicators At least including: Nutritional stress index , from total nitrogen Total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen The standardized values ​​are calculated using a weighted average, i.e.: in, , which are preset weighting coefficients; , , This is the normalized value for the corresponding concentration; Endogenous release risk index Based on the difference in phosphorus concentration between the bottom sediment pore water and the overlying water and diffusion flux The calculation is performed and compared with an empirical threshold, then mapped to the [0,1] interval, i.e.: in, To measure the difference in phosphorus concentration and diffusion flux Functions mapped to the interval [0,1]; Eutrophication Risk Index Overall transparency Chlorophyll a concentration and cyanobacterial dominance factor Calculate and normalize the eutrophication risk index. It falls within the interval [0,1], that is: in, To increase transparency Chlorophyll a concentration and cyanobacterial dominance factor Functions mapped to the interval [0,1].

5. The comprehensive evaluation method for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of a lake basin according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of hydrological function sub-indices for each evaluation unit Aquatic ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index ,include: By pre-setting a normalization function Set of hydrological function indicators Set of water ecological structure indicators and water quality pressure index set Transform to the [0,1] interval to obtain the normalized index. , , ; Calculate the hydrological function sub-index of each evaluation unit based on preset weighting coefficients. Aquatic ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index ,in: in, , , These are the weighting coefficients for each type of indicator, and they satisfy... .

6. The comprehensive evaluation method for the hydrological and aquatic ecological functions of a lake basin according to claim 5, characterized in that, The expression for the composite index WEFI is: in, , These are the weighting coefficients determined based on the target water function positioning; The weighting coefficient , , as well as The determination includes: Construct a multi-objective calibration function to measure the degree of agreement, spatial discrimination, and satisfaction of management constraints between the comprehensive index WEFI and historical evaluation results. The expression is: in, The comprehensive index WEFI and historical measured ecological status evaluation results The coefficient of determination; The variance of the comprehensive index WEFI for each evaluation unit; Penalties for violating regulatory constraints; 、 、 The coefficient is a non-negative tradeoff. With multi-objective calibration function With the goal of maximizing, the optimal combination of weight coefficients is obtained by using grid search or heuristic optimization algorithms based on initial values ​​given by experts. The obtained optimal weight coefficient combination is solidified into the standard weight combination for the target lake basin and used for subsequent rolling evaluation.

7. A lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological function zoning management system, employing the comprehensive evaluation method for lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological functions as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a watershed monitoring subsystem (1), an evaluation and zoning subsystem (2), and an information display and management subsystem (3). The watershed monitoring subsystem (1) is deployed in the upstream watershed unit, the estuary unit, and the lake water body unit of the lake watershed, and includes at least: Upstream river flow and water quality monitoring station (11), lake inlet section hydrological-water quality monitoring section (12), three-dimensional water environment monitoring buoy in the lake area (13) and lakeside composite monitoring pile (14) are used to obtain hydrological, water ecology and water environment monitoring data; The evaluation and zoning subsystem (2) includes an index calculation unit (21), a function determination unit (22), and a zoning unit (23). The index calculation unit (21) is used to process the monitoring data of each evaluation unit and calculate the hydrological function sub-index. Aquatic ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index And the comprehensive index of hydrological and aquatic ecological functions, WEFI; The functional determination unit (22) is used to combine the comprehensive index WEFI of each evaluation unit with the hydrological functional sub-index. Aquatic ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index By comparing with the preset threshold, the corresponding functional level and dominant degradation type are obtained; The zoning unit (23) is used to group the evaluation units into several hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zones according to the functional level, dominant degradation type and spatial adjacency of the evaluation units. The information display and management subsystem (3) is set up in the watershed or watershed-lake management agency to receive the results of the evaluation and zoning subsystem (2), display the functional level distribution, hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zoning range and corresponding management suggestions on the map interface, and record the implementation status of management measures.

8. The lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zoning management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The zoning unit (23) forms hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zones according to the following rules: The difference in the comprehensive index WEFI between adjacent evaluation units is calculated. When the difference in the comprehensive index WEFI between adjacent evaluation units is less than a preset difference threshold, the result is considered a threshold. Furthermore, when the dominant degradation types are the same or similar, they are classified into the same candidate functional partition; When the difference between the maximum and minimum composite index WEFI within a candidate functional partition exceeds the preset difference limit within the partition. At that time, the partition is split or its boundaries are adjusted so that the WEFI composite index range within each functional partition does not exceed the intra-partition difference limit. ; The spatial morphology of all candidate functional zones is checked for connectivity. When a candidate functional zone is fragmented into multiple small segments, segments with smaller areas and similar functional levels are merged first, so that the candidate functional zones as a whole present a blocky distribution with spatial connectivity and relatively smooth boundaries.

9. The lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zoning management system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The information display and management subsystem (3) is equipped with a partition management configuration unit, which includes: The partition attribute library (31) is used to record the functional level, dominant degradation type, water body functional positioning and upstream control conditions of each functional partition. The measures comparison table (32) is used to store standard combinations of source pollution control measures, endogenous pollution treatment measures, hydrological scheduling measures and lakeside ecological restoration measures corresponding to different functional levels and different degradation types; The management configuration interface (33) is used for managers to select target functional zones on the map, retrieve corresponding standard combinations of measures, and add, subtract, and sort the combination of measures according to actual conditions, thereby forming a zone management plan and archiving the one-to-one correspondence between the management plan and the functional zones.

10. The lake basin hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zoning management system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The evaluation and zoning subsystem (2) also includes a scenario evaluation unit (24), which comprises: Under preset water inflow conditions, pollution load scenarios, or engineering scheduling schemes, the established watershed rainfall-runoff model, river network hydrodynamic model, and lake hydrodynamic-water quality-ecological response model are invoked to calculate the water level process, flow process, nutrient concentration, aquatic vegetation coverage, and biological community indicators of each evaluation unit under the stated scenarios. Based on the calculation results, the hydrological function sub-indices of each evaluation unit were recalculated. Aquatic ecological structure sub-index and water quality pressure sub-index And the comprehensive index of hydrological-aquatic ecological function, WEFI, to obtain the hydrological-aquatic ecological function level and functional zoning under different scenarios; The information display and management subsystem compares and displays changes in functional levels under different scenarios, the scope of hydrological-aquatic ecological functional zoning adjustments, and the corresponding management measures required, providing a basis for the optimal selection of water function improvement schemes for lake basins.

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