Lithium ion battery recycling system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization, and discloses a lithium ion battery recycling system, which comprises a crushing unit, a recycling unit and a roasting unit, and is characterized in that the crushing unit can perform crushing treatment on a discharged and disassembled lithium ion battery in a protective atmosphere environment; the recovery processing unit comprises a drying kiln and a cracking kiln, a crushed product of the crushing unit is conveyed into the drying kiln in a protective atmosphere environment, the drying kiln is communicated with the cracking kiln, and a dried product is conveyed into the cracking kiln in the protective atmosphere environment; the roasting unit comprises a combustion mechanism and a heat energy recovery mechanism, the combustion mechanism is communicated with the cracking kiln, and the heat energy recovery mechanism is communicated with the cracking kiln. By constructing a protective atmosphere environment, crushing is carried out under the state of charge of the battery, combustion heat energy is recycled for working of the cracking kiln, waste heat resources are fully utilized, and the energy utilization rate of the system is increased. The invention also provides a lithium ion battery recovery processing method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization technology, and in particular to a lithium-ion battery recycling and processing system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the ever-increasing energy demand of human society, batteries, as portable energy storage devices, are playing an increasingly important role in people's daily lives, becoming one of the third largest consumer products. Lithium-ion batteries are essential electronic products and a crucial pillar for the development of emerging industries such as new energy and new energy electric vehicles, widely used in consumer electronics, power, and energy storage systems. Consequently, the quantity and weight of waste lithium-ion batteries have surged. Waste lithium-ion batteries contain a large number of metal elements and organic matter, which not only have potential economic value but also pose significant pollution risks. Recycling and disposing of waste lithium-ion batteries can not only eliminate pollution sources but also achieve resource recovery and reuse, including a large number of valuable metal ions such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, aluminum, and lithium. Lithium battery recycling not only meets the environmental protection requirements of pollution reduction and carbon reduction but also holds enormous economic value.

[0003] Industry technical analysis reveals the following shortcomings in current waste lithium-ion power battery recycling processes: Existing crushing processes rely on discharge pretreatment; chemical discharge (such as brine immersion) easily leads to electrolyte contamination and a surge in wastewater treatment costs; physical discharge (low-temperature liquid nitrogen immersion for forced short circuits), while more environmentally friendly, incurs significant equipment investment and energy consumption. Both methods struggle to balance economic efficiency and operational safety, hindering large-scale industrial application. Furthermore, mainstream low-temperature drying devices employ electromagnetic induction heating technology, which suffers from slow heating rates and high unit energy consumption. The system also fails to effectively integrate waste heat resources from industrial settings, resulting in energy utilization rates below 30%, indirectly increasing carbon emission intensity. Additionally, the high-concentration HF (hydrogen fluoride) gas released during the drying process requires a multi-stage combined purification system to achieve compliance, with equipment investment and maintenance costs significantly higher than conventional waste gas treatment facilities. Moreover, due to the multi-component nature of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), conventional purification processes struggle to meet continuous and stable emission requirements, further increasing overall environmental governance costs. Moreover, existing sorting processes lack effective recovery pathways for organic components such as separators and binders.

[0004] Therefore, how to change the current situation in which the recycling process of waste lithium-ion power batteries cannot balance electrolyte pollution and processing costs has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lithium-ion battery recycling system and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies. By constructing a protective atmosphere environment, the system crushes the battery in a charged state, avoiding pollution caused by chemical immersion discharge, saving processing costs, and making full use of combustion heat energy to improve the utilization rate of waste heat resources.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a lithium-ion battery recycling system, comprising: The crushing unit is capable of crushing lithium-ion batteries after discharge and disassembly in a protective atmosphere. The recycling and processing unit includes a drying kiln and a pyrolysis kiln. The drying kiln is connected to the crushing unit. The crushed products of the crushing unit are transported to the drying kiln in a protective atmosphere. The drying kiln can dry the crushed products. The drying kiln is connected to the pyrolysis kiln. The dried products are transported to the pyrolysis kiln in a protective atmosphere. The pyrolysis kiln can pyrolyze the dried organic matter. The roasting unit includes a combustion mechanism and a heat recovery mechanism. The combustion mechanism is connected to the pyrolysis kiln. The pyrolysis residue output from the pyrolysis kiln is transported to the combustion mechanism for combustion. The heat recovery mechanism is able to recover the combustion heat of the combustion mechanism and is connected to the pyrolysis kiln.

[0007] Preferably, the crushing unit includes a multi-stage crusher, which is arranged in series, and the crushed product outlet of the last stage crusher is connected to the drying kiln.

[0008] Preferably, the exhaust gas outlets of the crusher and the drying kiln are connected to a flue gas condensation mechanism via an exhaust gas induced draft fan. The flue gas condensation mechanism can condense the dust-laden exhaust gas generated during the crushing and drying processes. The gas outlet of the flue gas condensation mechanism is connected to the combustion mechanism via a primary air fan. The wastewater outlet of the flue gas condensation mechanism is connected to a wastewater storage tank, which is connected to a sewage treatment plant.

[0009] Preferably, the recycling unit further includes a scrubber and an oil-water separator. The gas outlet of the pyrolysis kiln is connected to the scrubber via a pyrolysis induced draft fan. The scrubber can cool and purify the high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis. The scrubber is connected to the oil-water separator, which separates the washing products. The gas outlet of the oil-water separator is connected to the flue gas condensation mechanism, the wastewater outlet of the oil-water separator is connected to the wastewater treatment station, and the oil outlet of the oil-water separator is connected to the combustion mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, a metal dust collector is provided between the heat recovery mechanism and the pyrolysis kiln; The heat recovery mechanism is a grate cooler; The pyrolysis kiln is also connected to a combustion supplement mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, enclosed conveyors are provided between the crushing unit and the drying kiln, and between the drying kiln and the pyrolysis kiln; The crushing unit, the drying kiln, the pyrolysis kiln, and the enclosed conveyor are all connected to a protective gas source.

[0012] Preferably, the drying kiln has a double-layer structure, comprising a kiln body and an insulating outer shell fitted over the kiln body. The kiln body is capable of accommodating crushed products, and a heat exchange cavity is formed between the kiln body and the insulating outer shell. The kiln body is connected to a driver, which is capable of driving the kiln body to rotate. The structure of the pyrolysis kiln is the same as that of the drying kiln; the heat recovery mechanism is connected to the heat exchange chamber of the pyrolysis kiln; and the heat exchange chamber of the pyrolysis kiln is connected to the heat exchange chamber of the drying kiln.

[0013] Preferably, the recycling unit further includes a powder sorting mechanism, which is connected to the solid material outlet of the pyrolysis kiln and is capable of screening the solid products after pyrolysis.

[0014] Preferably, the powder sorting mechanism includes a multi-stage sorting machine; The powder sorting mechanism is also connected to a powder sorting and dust removal mechanism, which can capture the dust particles of the powder sorting mechanism.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for recycling lithium-ion batteries, utilizing the above-mentioned lithium-ion battery recycling system, comprising the following steps: After the lithium-ion battery is discharged and disassembled, it is fed into the crushing unit, which crushes the material in a protective atmosphere. The crushed material is fed into the drying kiln, where it is dried in a protective atmosphere; the dried material is then fed into the pyrolysis kiln, where it is pyrolyzed in a protective atmosphere. The pyrolysis residue is transported to the combustion mechanism for combustion treatment, and the heat recovery mechanism recovers the heat energy generated by the combustion mechanism and transports the heat energy to the pyrolysis kiln for pyrolysis treatment.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over related technologies: The lithium-ion battery recycling system of the present invention includes a crushing unit, a recycling unit, and a calcination unit. The crushing unit can crush the disassembled lithium-ion batteries in a protective atmosphere. The recycling unit includes a drying kiln and a pyrolysis kiln. The drying kiln is connected to the crushing unit, and the crushed products from the crushing unit are transported to the drying kiln in a protective atmosphere. The drying kiln dries the crushed products. The drying kiln is connected to the pyrolysis kiln, and the dried products are transported to the pyrolysis kiln in a protective atmosphere. The pyrolysis kiln pyrolyzes the dried organic matter. The calcination unit includes a combustion mechanism and a heat recovery mechanism. The combustion mechanism is connected to the pyrolysis kiln, and the pyrolysis residue output from the pyrolysis kiln is transported to the combustion mechanism for combustion. The heat recovery mechanism recovers the combustion heat from the combustion mechanism and is connected to the pyrolysis kiln.

[0017] The lithium-ion battery recycling system of this invention, during operation, after the lithium-ion battery is discharged and disassembled, the disassembled material is crushed by a crushing unit under charge in a protective atmosphere. The crushed product is then transported to a drying kiln for drying in the same protective atmosphere. The dried material is then fed into a pyrolysis kiln, where, in the same protective atmosphere, organic components such as the battery separator and binder are pyrolyzed into short-chain organic compounds at high temperatures. Incompletely pyrolyzed heavy oil products are incinerated by a combustion mechanism, and the heat generated by combustion is recovered by a heat recovery mechanism and used for the operation of the pyrolysis kiln. This lithium-ion battery recycling system of the present invention, by constructing a protective atmosphere and crushing the battery under its charged state, achieves efficient separation of electrode active materials from the current collector, eliminating the wastewater treatment burden of chemical immersion discharge and the equipment costs of pyrolysis and cryogenic discharge, effectively suppressing environmental pollution caused by organic solvent escape, and saving processing costs. The roasting unit of this invention combusts the incompletely pyrolyzed organic matter, and the heat recovery mechanism recovers the combustion heat for the operation of the pyrolysis kiln, making full use of waste heat resources and improving the system's energy efficiency.

[0018] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a lithium-ion battery recycling method. Utilizing the aforementioned lithium-ion battery recycling system, the lithium-ion battery recycling method of the present invention can naturally achieve the same beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the lithium-ion battery recycling system disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drying kiln of the lithium-ion battery recycling system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pyrolysis kiln of the lithium-ion battery recycling system disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Crusher; 2. Drying kiln; 3. Pyrolysis kiln; 4. Combustion mechanism; 5. Heat recovery mechanism; 6. Exhaust gas induced draft fan; 7. Flue gas condensation mechanism; 8. Primary air fan; 9. Wastewater storage tank; 10. Sewage treatment station; 11. Drying fan; 12. Drying chimney; 13. Scrubber; 14. Oil-water separator; 15. Metal dust collector; 16. Enclosed conveyor; 17. Re-combustion mechanism; 18. Protective air source; 19. Kiln body; 20. Insulation shell; 21. Driver; 22. Transmission mechanism; 23. Primary screening machine; 24. Bending line separator; 25. Secondary screening machine; 26. Air separator; 27. Magnetic separator; 28. Grinding mill; 29. ​​Air classifier fan; 30. Air classifier chimney. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lithium-ion battery recycling system and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies. By constructing a protective atmosphere environment, the system crushes the battery in a charged state, avoiding pollution caused by chemical immersion discharge, saving processing costs, and making full use of combustion heat energy to improve the utilization rate of waste heat resources.

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1 This embodiment provides a lithium-ion battery recycling system. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-3The system includes a crushing unit, a recycling unit, and a calcination unit. The crushing unit can crush lithium-ion batteries after discharge and dismantling in a protective atmosphere. The recycling unit includes a drying kiln 2 and a pyrolysis kiln 3. The drying kiln 2 is connected to the crushing unit, and the crushed products from the crushing unit are transported to the drying kiln 2 in a protective atmosphere. The drying kiln 2 can dry the crushed products. The drying kiln 2 is connected to the pyrolysis kiln 3, and the dried products are transported to the pyrolysis kiln 3 in a protective atmosphere. The pyrolysis kiln 3 can pyrolyze the dried organic matter. The calcination unit includes a combustion mechanism 4 and a heat recovery mechanism 5. The combustion mechanism 4 is connected to the pyrolysis kiln 3, and the pyrolysis residue output from the pyrolysis kiln 3 is transported to the combustion mechanism 4 for combustion. The heat recovery mechanism 5 can recover the combustion heat from the combustion mechanism 4 and is connected to the pyrolysis kiln 3.

[0026] In this invention, the lithium-ion battery recycling system operates as follows: after the lithium-ion battery is discharged and disassembled, the disassembled material is crushed by a crushing unit under charge in a protective atmosphere. The crushed product is then transported to a drying kiln 2 for drying in the same protective atmosphere. The dried material is then fed into a pyrolysis kiln 3, where, under the same protective atmosphere, the battery separator, binder, and other organic components are pyrolyzed into short-chain organic compounds at high temperatures. Incompletely pyrolyzed heavy oil products are incinerated by a combustion mechanism 4, and the heat generated by combustion is recovered by a heat recovery mechanism 5 and used in the operation of the pyrolysis kiln 3. This lithium-ion battery recycling system, by creating a protective atmosphere and crushing the battery while it is charged, achieves efficient separation of electrode active materials from the current collector, eliminating the wastewater treatment burden of chemical immersion discharge and the equipment costs of pyrolysis and cryogenic discharge. It effectively suppresses environmental pollution caused by organic solvent escape and saves on processing costs. The roasting unit of this invention incinerates the incompletely pyrolyzed organic matter, and the heat recovery mechanism 5 recovers the combustion heat for the operation of the pyrolysis kiln 3, fully utilizing waste heat resources and improving the system's energy efficiency.

[0027] The crushing unit includes a multi-stage crusher 1, which is connected in series. The crushed product outlet of the last stage crusher 1 is connected to the drying kiln 2. The multi-stage crusher 1 ensures effective crushing and provides a guarantee for subsequent drying and pyrolysis processes. In this specific embodiment, the crusher 1 is two-stage, performing two-stage crushing under battery charging conditions to achieve efficient separation of electrode active material from the current collector. In practical applications, the number and settings of the crusher 1 can be adjusted according to actual crushing conditions to meet various crushing requirements and improve the system's flexibility and adaptability.

[0028] It should also be noted that the crusher 1 of this invention adopts a sealed crushing chamber structure, and the crushing chamber of the crusher 1 is in a negative pressure state during operation, which minimizes the evaporation of electrolyte and effectively suppresses environmental pollution caused by the escape of organic solvents. In practical applications, a dynamic oxygen content monitoring module can be used in conjunction with the protective atmosphere control to monitor changes in the parameters of the system's working environment, further ensuring the safety of the crushing process.

[0029] Specifically, the exhaust gas outlets of the crusher 1 and the drying kiln 2 are connected to the flue gas condensation mechanism 7 via the exhaust gas induced draft fan 6. The flue gas condensation mechanism 7 can condense the dust-laden exhaust gas generated during the crushing and drying processes. The gas outlet of the flue gas condensation mechanism 7 is connected to the combustion mechanism 4 via the primary air fan 8. The wastewater outlet of the flue gas condensation mechanism 7 is connected to the wastewater storage tank 9, which is connected to the sewage treatment plant 10. The exhaust gas generated by the crusher 1 and the drying kiln 2 is transported to the flue gas condensation mechanism 7 via the exhaust gas induced draft fan 6. The exhaust gas induced draft fan 6 can be a negative pressure induced draft fan to ensure smooth transport of the exhaust gas. In this specific embodiment, the flue gas condensation mechanism 7 condenses the dust-laden exhaust gas generated during the drying process. After water washing, the particulate matter and low-boiling-point components in the exhaust gas co-condense to form high-turbidity wastewater. The wastewater is transported to the wastewater storage tank 9 through a closed pipeline for temporary storage, and then pumped to the sewage treatment plant 10 for deep purification. The exhaust gas generated after the flue gas condensation unit 7 condenses and purifies the dust-containing exhaust gas is then introduced into the combustion unit 4 by the primary air fan 8 for incineration and decomposition treatment, thereby achieving the synergistic treatment of pollutants.

[0030] It should also be noted that the solid outlet of the wastewater treatment plant 10 is connected to the drying kiln 2, so that the solid particles separated and recovered by the wastewater treatment plant 10 are transported back to the drying kiln 2 for drying treatment.

[0031] In addition, the dust generated during the drying process of the drying kiln 2 can be introduced into the drying chimney 12 by the drying fan 11 and discharged.

[0032] The recycling unit also includes a scrubber 13 and an oil-water separator 14. The gas outlet of the pyrolysis kiln 3 is connected to the scrubber 13 via a pyrolysis induced draft fan. The scrubber 13 can cool and purify the high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis. The scrubber 13 is connected to the oil-water separator 14, which separates the washing products. The dried material is conveyed to the pyrolysis kiln 3, where organic components such as battery separators and binders are pyrolyzed into short-chain organic compounds under high temperature. The high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis is conveyed to the scrubber 13 for cooling and purification by the pyrolysis induced draft fan, and then conveyed to the oil-water separator 14 for oil-water separation.

[0033] The gas outlet of the oil-water separator 14 is connected to the flue gas condensation mechanism 7, the wastewater outlet of the oil-water separator 14 is connected to the wastewater treatment station 10, and the oil outlet of the oil-water separator 14 is connected to the combustion mechanism 4. The washed gas is sent to the flue gas condensation mechanism 7 for condensation treatment, the separated wastewater is sent to the wastewater treatment station 10 for treatment, and the separated heavy oil product is used as a by-product or sent to the combustion mechanism 4 for use as spodumene roasting fuel.

[0034] More specifically, a metal dust collector 15 is installed between the heat recovery mechanism 5 and the pyrolysis kiln 3 to collect metal powder and metal particles in the high-temperature gas. While providing heat energy to the pyrolysis kiln 3, it avoids solid particles from affecting the normal operation of the pyrolysis kiln 3, protects the pyrolysis kiln 3, and extends the service life of the device.

[0035] In this specific embodiment, the heat recovery mechanism 5 is a grate cooler, which recovers the heat energy from the combustion process of the combustion mechanism 4 and transports it to the pyrolysis kiln 3 for high-temperature pyrolysis. It should also be noted that the pyrolysis kiln 3 is also connected to a supplementary combustion mechanism 17. When the heat energy recovered by the heat recovery mechanism 5 is insufficient to meet the operating requirements of the pyrolysis kiln 3, the supplementary combustion mechanism 17 supplements the heat energy, ensuring that the material can undergo smooth high-temperature pyrolysis within the pyrolysis kiln 3 and improving the operational reliability of the pyrolysis kiln 3. In this specific embodiment, the supplementary combustion mechanism 17 uses natural gas for supplementary combustion; however, other types of fuel can also be used in practical applications.

[0036] In order to ensure that the materials are in a protective atmosphere and that the materials are transported smoothly, enclosed conveyors 16 are installed between the crushing unit and the drying kiln 2, and between the drying kiln 2 and the pyrolysis kiln 3, which effectively prevents pollutant leakage and escape and improves the operational stability of the system.

[0037] Meanwhile, the crushing unit, drying kiln 2, pyrolysis kiln 3, and enclosed conveyor 16 are all connected to the protective gas source 18. The protective gas source 18 can supply protective gas to the crushing unit, drying kiln 2, pyrolysis kiln 3, and enclosed conveyor 16 to create a protective atmosphere environment. In this specific embodiment, the protective gas is nitrogen. In practical applications, other inert gases can also be selected as protective gases to create a protective atmosphere environment. It should also be explained here that reasonably controlling the gas pressure of the crushing unit, drying kiln 2, pyrolysis kiln 3, and enclosed conveyor 16 to ensure the smooth transportation of materials is a common practice among those skilled in the art, and will not be elaborated here.

[0038] Furthermore, the drying kiln 2 has a double-layer structure, including a kiln body 19 and an insulating outer shell 20 fitted over the kiln body 19. The kiln body 19 can accommodate crushed products, and a heat exchange chamber is formed between the kiln body 19 and the insulating outer shell 20. The kiln body 19 is connected to a driver 21, which can drive the kiln body 19 to rotate and deliver high-temperature gas into the heat exchange chamber to heat the material inside the kiln body 19. The kiln body 19 is rotatably installed inside the insulating outer shell 20. The rotation of the kiln body 19 helps to improve the uniformity of heating of the material and improve the drying efficiency of the material inside the drying kiln 2. The driver 21 can be a motor, and the output end of the driver 21 is connected to the kiln body 19 to drive the kiln body 19 to rotate. The transmission mechanism 22 can be a gear transmission mechanism 22 or a sprocket transmission mechanism 22, etc., which simplifies the system structure and reduces the system space occupied while smoothly transmitting torque and adjusting the speed. Meanwhile, the heat exchange chamber of the pyrolysis kiln 3 is connected to the heat exchange chamber of the drying kiln 2. After the high-temperature gas in the heat exchange chamber of the pyrolysis kiln 3 heats the material in the pyrolysis kiln 3, it is continued to be transported to the heat exchange chamber of the drying kiln 2 to heat the material in the drying kiln 2, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of thermal energy and reducing system energy consumption.

[0039] Accordingly, the structure of the pyrolysis kiln 3 is the same as that of the drying kiln 2; the heat recovery mechanism 5 is connected to the heat exchange chamber of the pyrolysis kiln 3 and is used to heat the material in the kiln body 19 of the pyrolysis kiln 3 to ensure the reliability of the operation of the pyrolysis kiln 3.

[0040] It should also be noted that the heat exchange chambers of the pyrolysis kiln 3 and the drying kiln 2 are both equipped with multiple inlets that allow high-temperature gas to enter. These inlets are located at the bottom of the pyrolysis kiln 3 and the drying kiln 2, allowing the high-temperature gas to better contact the kiln body 19 of the pyrolysis kiln 3 and the drying kiln 2, thereby improving heating efficiency and heating uniformity.

[0041] Furthermore, the recycling unit also includes a powder classifier, which is connected to the solid material outlet of the pyrolysis kiln 3. The powder classifier can screen the solid products after pyrolysis for easy classification and processing.

[0042] In this specific embodiment, the powder selection mechanism includes a multi-stage separator. After the solid material has been cooled after high-temperature treatment, it enters the powder selection mechanism and is processed sequentially by a primary screening machine 23, a zigzag separator 24, a secondary screening machine 25, and four air separators 26. The zigzag separator 24 and the secondary screening machine 25 work together with equipment such as a magnetic separator 27 and a grinding mill 28. After separating iron metal particles through magnetic separation, black powder is extracted simultaneously through screening, and aluminum and copper particles are sorted to obtain metal products with different particle sizes.

[0043] The air classifier is also connected to an air classifier dust removal mechanism, which can capture the dust particles generated during the air classifier process. The dust generated during the air classifier dust removal process is collected and recovered by the air classifier dust removal mechanism, and the purified gas is introduced into the air classifier chimney 30 by the air classifier fan 29 and discharged.

[0044] In the lithium-ion battery recycling system of this invention, the application of charged crushing technology in the pretreatment stage overcomes the limitations of traditional discharge processes. Charged crushing in an inert gas environment directly separates electrode materials from the casing, avoiding discharge energy consumption and reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage. Regarding the optimization of the pyrolysis process, the high-temperature waste heat of the combustion mechanism 4 (800℃~1000℃) recovered by the grate cooler provides a stable heat source for lithium battery pyrolysis, significantly reducing energy consumption in the drying process. Simultaneously, by introducing HF gas and VOCs waste gas generated in the battery processing process into the high-temperature section of the combustion mechanism 4, synergistic combustion purification is achieved using the high-temperature environment of the combustion mechanism 4. The pyrolysis kiln 3, operating at 550℃, pyrolyzes organic components such as separators and binders into short-chain hydrocarbons, realizing both separator resource recovery and increasing the calorific value of organic components. The multi-process coupling mode of this invention ultimately achieves a comprehensive recovery rate of over 95% for valuable components such as black powder, copper, and aluminum.

[0045] Example 2 This embodiment provides a lithium-ion battery recycling method, utilizing the lithium-ion battery recycling system of Embodiment 1, including the following steps: After the lithium-ion battery is discharged and disassembled, it is fed into the crushing unit, which crushes the material in a protective atmosphere. The crushed material is fed into the drying kiln 2, where it is dried in a protective atmosphere. The dried material is then fed into the pyrolysis kiln 3, where it is pyrolyzed in a protective atmosphere. The pyrolysis residue is transported to the combustion mechanism 4 for combustion treatment, and the heat energy recovery mechanism 5 recovers the heat energy generated by the combustion mechanism 4 and transports the heat energy to the pyrolysis kiln 3 for pyrolysis treatment.

[0046] The lithium-ion battery recycling method of this invention intercepts 650°C high-temperature flue gas from the middle of the grate cooler of the combustion mechanism 4. After purification by the metal dust collector 15, the temperature is adjusted to 550°C to serve as the main heat source for the pyrolysis kiln 3. The supporting natural gas emergency combustion mechanism 17 can automatically start and stop according to temperature monitoring data. The 400°C medium-temperature waste gas after heat exchange in the pyrolysis kiln 3 is transported to the drying kiln 2 for secondary utilization through an insulated pipeline. Finally, after heat exchange, the temperature is reduced to 150°C and then introduced into the drying chimney 12 for discharge by the drying fan 11. It should be noted that the drying kiln 2 has a similar structure to the pyrolysis kiln 3, both adopting a non-contact heat conduction design. The hot air circulation channel and the material processing chamber are physically isolated through a jacketed heat exchange cavity, which effectively maintains a strict inert gas environment in the processing chamber while ensuring thermodynamic transfer efficiency.

[0047] By directionally transferring the waste heat from the 650°C high-temperature section of the grate cooler connected to combustion mechanism 4 to the lithium battery pyrolysis system, a multi-temperature zone thermal energy synergy system is constructed. Compared with traditional processes, this invention not only provides a continuous and stable high-temperature heat source for material drying, replacing conventional electromagnetic heating methods to achieve energy saving and efficiency improvement, but also synergistically absorbs the high-temperature environment of spodumene roasting, and performs in-situ incineration of HF gas and VOCs generated from the recycling of waste lithium batteries. This not only enhances process synergy but also significantly reduces redundant investment in environmental protection facilities, achieving dynamic adaptation between waste gas treatment and production operation.

[0048] In practical applications, the operating temperatures of the pyrolysis kiln 3 and the drying kiln 2 can be adjusted according to actual processing needs to meet different processing conditions.

[0049] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A lithium-ion battery recycling system, characterized in that, include: The crushing unit is capable of crushing lithium-ion batteries after discharge and disassembly in a protective atmosphere. The recycling and processing unit includes a drying kiln and a pyrolysis kiln. The drying kiln is connected to the crushing unit. The crushed products of the crushing unit are transported to the drying kiln in a protective atmosphere. The drying kiln can dry the crushed products. The drying kiln is connected to the pyrolysis kiln. The dried products are transported to the pyrolysis kiln in a protective atmosphere. The pyrolysis kiln can pyrolyze the dried organic matter. The roasting unit includes a combustion mechanism and a heat recovery mechanism. The combustion mechanism is connected to the pyrolysis kiln. The pyrolysis residue output from the pyrolysis kiln is transported to the combustion mechanism for combustion. The heat recovery mechanism is able to recover the combustion heat of the combustion mechanism and is connected to the pyrolysis kiln.

2. The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing unit includes a multi-stage crusher, which is connected in series, and the crushed product outlet of the last stage crusher is connected to the drying kiln.

3. The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhaust gas outlets of the crusher and the drying kiln are connected to the flue gas condensation mechanism via an exhaust gas induced draft fan. The flue gas condensation mechanism can condense the dust-containing exhaust gas generated during the crushing and drying process. The gas outlet of the flue gas condensation mechanism is connected to the combustion mechanism via a primary air fan. The wastewater outlet of the flue gas condensation mechanism is connected to a wastewater storage tank, which is connected to a sewage treatment plant.

4. The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The recycling unit also includes a scrubber and an oil-water separator. The gas outlet of the pyrolysis kiln is connected to the scrubber via a pyrolysis induced draft fan. The scrubber can cool and purify the high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis. The scrubber is connected to the oil-water separator, which separates the washing products. The gas outlet of the oil-water separator is connected to the flue gas condensation mechanism, the wastewater outlet of the oil-water separator is connected to the wastewater treatment station, and the oil outlet of the oil-water separator is connected to the combustion mechanism.

5. The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A metal dust collector is installed between the heat recovery mechanism and the pyrolysis kiln. The heat recovery mechanism is a grate cooler; The pyrolysis kiln is also connected to a combustion supplement mechanism.

6. The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Enclosed conveyors are installed between the crushing unit and the drying kiln, and between the drying kiln and the pyrolysis kiln. The crushing unit, the drying kiln, the pyrolysis kiln, and the enclosed conveyor are all connected to a protective gas source.

7. The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The drying kiln has a double-layer structure, including a kiln body and an insulating outer shell fitted over the kiln body. The kiln body can accommodate crushed products, and a heat exchange cavity is formed between the kiln body and the insulating outer shell. The kiln body is connected to a driver, which can drive the kiln body to rotate. The structure of the pyrolysis kiln is the same as that of the drying kiln; the heat recovery mechanism is connected to the heat exchange chamber of the pyrolysis kiln; and the heat exchange chamber of the pyrolysis kiln is connected to the heat exchange chamber of the drying kiln.

8. The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recycling unit also includes a powder classifier, which is connected to the solid material outlet of the pyrolysis kiln and is capable of screening the solid products after pyrolysis.

9. The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The powder selection mechanism includes a multi-stage separator; The powder sorting mechanism is also connected to a powder sorting and dust removal mechanism, which can capture the dust particles of the powder sorting mechanism.

10. A method for recycling and processing lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that, The lithium-ion battery recycling system according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: After the lithium-ion battery is discharged and disassembled, it is fed into the crushing unit, which crushes the material in a protective atmosphere. The crushed material is fed into the drying kiln, where it is dried in a protective atmosphere; the dried material is then fed into the pyrolysis kiln, where it is pyrolyzed in a protective atmosphere. The pyrolysis residue is transported to the combustion mechanism for combustion treatment, and the heat recovery mechanism recovers the heat energy generated by the combustion mechanism and transports the heat energy to the pyrolysis kiln for pyrolysis treatment.

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