High-yield intercropping cultivation method for multiflower kidney beans and radix aucklandiae in cold and cold mountainous areas

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for intercropping Italian kidney beans and radix aucklandiae in cold and cold mountainous areas, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, comprising the following steps: continuously collecting field daily average temperature change data, synchronously recording the flowering proportion of Italian kidney beans, establishing a temperature rise trigger threshold expression around the daily average temperature rise amplitude before and after abnormal temperature rise, and calculating the flowering proportion of Italian kidney beans; the temperature rise trigger threshold expression is used as a temperature reference basis for the early flowering risk of the multiflower beans; a buffer accumulated temperature section is divided according to a temperature reference basis. According to the method, the early flowering risk is identified by establishing the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, the buffer accumulated temperature section is divided according to the early flowering risk, the growth rhythm is stabilized by regulating the irrigation time and the fertilization rhythm, and the influence of abnormal temperature rise on the growth process of the multiflower kidney beans is weakened; meanwhile, time-phased soil covering heat preservation and intercropping density adjustment are combined, plants are guided to enter the reproductive stage in batches, peak shifting flowering is achieved, and therefore the field podding rhythm is stabilized, and the population yield structure is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically to a high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] High-yield intercropping of common bean and costus root in high-altitude, cold mountainous areas refers to a composite planting method in which common bean (a legume) and costus root (a medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family) are intercropped in the same plot of land under the ecological conditions of high altitude, low temperature, and short growing season. The specific implementation process is as follows: based on the complementary relationship between the two crops in terms of growth cycle, plant structure, and nutrient requirements, the main planting row of costus root and the auxiliary row of common bean are arranged in strips or wide-narrow rows within the field. Common bean utilizes its climbing characteristics and nitrogen-fixing ability to improve soil nitrogen supply, while surface mulch reduces water evaporation and suppresses weed growth. Costus root, with its deep root system, absorbs nutrients from deeper soil layers, creating a difference in root distribution between upper and lower layers, thereby reducing nutrient competition. Through this three-dimensional utilization of light resources, nutrient resources, and soil space, yield per unit area can be increased without increasing land area, and the ecological stability of farmland in high-altitude, cold mountainous areas can be enhanced, achieving the cultivation goal of synergistic yield increase for medicinal and cash crops.

[0003] The existing technology has the following shortcomings: In the intercropping cultivation of *Rosa multiflora* and *Saussurea costus* in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, the spring season is often characterized by persistently low accumulated temperatures, resulting in a relatively slow overall growth rhythm for both species. When abnormal warming occurs in a short period, the rapid increase in field temperature disrupts the existing growth rhythm. *Rosa multiflora* tends to prematurely enter the reproductive growth stage and begin flowering, while *Saussurea costus* remains in its vegetative growth stage, leading to a significant asynchrony in their growth processes. When the abnormal warming ends and cold weather returns, the already opened flowers of *Rosa multiflora* are susceptible to chilling injury, resulting in decreased pollen activity and damage to flower tissues, leading to a large number of flower drop. As flower drop continues, the number of effective pods in the field decreases rapidly, significantly disrupting the pod-setting rhythm and ultimately causing a significant reduction in yield across the entire planting area, potentially even resulting in a period of reduced yield in severe cases.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas, so as to solve the problems in the background art mentioned above.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas, comprising the following steps: Step 1: During the intercropping of common bean and rosary in high-altitude cold mountainous areas, the daily average temperature change data in the field was continuously collected, and the flowering ratio of common bean was recorded simultaneously. The temperature rise trigger threshold expression was established based on the daily average temperature jump before and after the abnormal temperature rise, and the temperature rise trigger threshold expression was used as the temperature reference for the risk of premature flowering of common bean. Step 2: Divide the accumulated temperature zone according to the temperature reference. When the accumulated temperature in the field approaches the corresponding range of the temperature rise trigger threshold, adjust the irrigation time and compress the fertilization rhythm. By synergistically regulating the intensity of water supply and the rhythm of nutrient release, the process of flower bud transformation into the reproductive stage is inhibited. Step 3: Based on the accumulated temperature change curve after irrigation time adjustment, implement time-segmented soil covering and heat preservation treatment in the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, and improve the nighttime surface heat retention level in the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression to alleviate the low temperature impact on flower bud tissue after the abnormal temperature rise ends. Step 4: Based on the rise in surface temperature after soil covering and heat preservation treatment and the corresponding temperature rise trigger threshold, adjust the intercropping density distribution rhythm of common bean and rosary chinensis, control the proportion of concentrated flowering per unit area, and reduce the proportion of the population that completes reproductive transformation in the same time period. Step 5: Based on the changes in flowering ratio after the adjustment of intercropping density distribution rhythm and the corresponding segments of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, guide multiflora bean plants into the reproductive stage in batches. By staggering the flowering time, disperse the impact of low temperature drop on flower tissue, stabilize the pod-setting rhythm in the field, and maintain the yield structure of the population.

[0007] Preferably, using the temperature-triggered threshold as a temperature reference for the risk of premature flowering in common bean includes the following steps: Continuous recording of daily average temperature changes in the field was carried out, and the flowering ratio of multi-flowered green beans was simultaneously counted. The daily average temperature change data and the flowering ratio of multi-flowered green beans were arranged in chronological order to form a correspondence between the temperature change trajectory and the flowering ratio change trajectory. Extract the phase of continuous temperature rise, determine the starting point of abnormal temperature rise based on the correspondence between temperature change trajectory and flowering ratio change trajectory, record the average daily temperature level before abnormal temperature rise and the daily average temperature jump during abnormal temperature rise, and form a correspondence between temperature jump and flowering ratio change interval. Based on the correspondence between the temperature rise and the flowering ratio, and superimposed with the spring accumulated temperature, a temperature rise trigger threshold expression is formed, which includes the accumulated temperature range and the temperature rise range. By comparing the daily average temperature change data with the temperature rise trigger threshold expression and combining it with the change in the flowering ratio of common bean, the risk zone of early flowering was determined, and the risk zone of early flowering was used as the temperature reference for cultivation regulation.

[0008] Preferably, in the process of determining the risk zone for early flowering, the daily average temperature change data is matched with the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, and the flowering ratio change status of multi-flowered beans is recorded simultaneously. When the daily average temperature change data enters the corresponding zone of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression and the flowering ratio of multi-flowered beans enters the transition state from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the corresponding time period is determined as the risk zone for early flowering, and the risk zone for early flowering is continuously used as the temperature reference for cultivation regulation.

[0009] Preferably, adjusting irrigation time and compressing fertilization rhythm when the accumulated temperature in the field approaches the temperature rise trigger threshold expression range includes the following steps: Record the accumulated temperature process from seedling emergence to flowering in spring, compare the accumulated temperature process with the corresponding interval of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, determine the buffer accumulated temperature section, and adjust the irrigation time from sunrise to sunset within the buffer accumulated temperature section. At the same time, adjust the continuous water supply method to the segmented water supply method, and disperse the daily nutrient supplementation to continuous multi-day supplementation. During the operation phase of the buffer accumulated temperature zone, the irrigation time is fixed in the evening and the amount of water supplied at one time is reduced, while the nutrient replenishment frequency is adjusted to short intervals and small doses, so as to keep the nutrient release rhythm consistent with the accumulated temperature process. During the stage when the accumulated temperature enters the range corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the frequency of water supply is adjusted in combination with the daily average temperature change data. The water supply intensity is maintained by extending the water supply interval and controlling the water supply volume, while the nutrient supplementation is maintained at the level of vegetative growth to inhibit the transformation of flower buds into the reproductive stage.

[0010] Preferably, within the buffer accumulated temperature zone, irrigation is maintained in the evening and a segmented water supply method is adopted, while nutrient supplementation is distributed to the continuous growth stage. This allows the intensity of water supply and the rhythm of nutrient release to change in synergy, thereby maintaining the vegetative growth status of the bean plant and delaying the transformation of flower buds into the reproductive stage.

[0011] Preferably, implementing time-segmented soil covering and insulation treatment within the section corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold includes the following steps: Record the accumulated temperature change curve formed by adjusting the irrigation time, and combine it with the daily average temperature change data to determine the temperature rise stage. Before the end of the temperature rise stage, cover the bare ground between the intercropping rows of multiflora bean and rosary chinensis in sections, spread the topsoil to the area between the plant rows to form a continuous cover state, so as to maintain the surface heat storage environment. When a continuous cover is formed and the nighttime temperature drops, the surface of the cover layer is compacted and the integrity of the cover layer is inspected. The nighttime surface heat retention level is maintained by replenishing the cover and keeping the cover layer continuously distributed. The surface temperature changes were continuously recorded by combining the nighttime surface heat retention level, and the inter-row cover operation was maintained in accordance with the accumulated temperature change curve. When the temperature entered the falling stage, the cover layer maintenance operation was maintained to keep the surface heat release process continuously changing.

[0012] Preferably, while maintaining continuous inter-row coverage, the surface of the cover layer is periodically compacted, and when loose areas appear in the cover layer, topsoil is added to maintain the continuous distribution of the cover layer. At the same time, the surface temperature changes are continuously recorded and compared with the accumulated temperature change curve, thereby maintaining the nighttime surface heat retention level and keeping the surface heat release process continuously changing.

[0013] Preferably, adjusting the density distribution rhythm of intercropping of common bean and costus root includes the following steps: Record the rise in surface temperature caused by soil covering and heat preservation treatment and organize the trajectory of surface temperature change. Combine the temperature rise trigger threshold to express the corresponding section and conduct zonal observation of intercropped fields. By spreading the growth space of adjacent plants along the planting row of multiflora bean, a density distribution pattern that transitions from dense arrangement to sparse arrangement is formed. By combining the density distribution pattern with the temperature rise trigger threshold to express the corresponding segment, each area is inspected segment by segment. In densely distributed areas, the growth space of adjacent plants is further increased to form a uniform interval. In sparsely distributed areas, the plant arrangement is maintained to maintain the difference in flowering rhythm. A mixed planting model of vertical trellis bean and costus root is adopted. The row ratio of bean to costus root is 2:6. The bean is planted on a vertical trellis with 50 cm wide rows, 2 rows, 75 cm row spacing, and 75 cm plant spacing, resulting in a planting density of 418 plants / acre (836 plants / acre). The costus root is planted with 175 cm wide rows, 6 rows, 25 cm row spacing, and 25 cm plant spacing, resulting in a planting density of 3764 plants / acre (3764 plants / acre). The row spacing between bean and costus root is 100 cm.

[0014] By continuously observing the density distribution pattern in conjunction with changes in the rate of increase in surface temperature, the plant distribution status was maintained in areas that entered the flowering stage, while the density difference was maintained in areas that did not enter the flowering stage. The reproductive transformation time of the population was dispersed by the gradual entry of plants into the reproductive stage in different areas.

[0015] Preferably, during the continuous observation of density distribution patterns, by maintaining the plant distribution status in the areas that have entered the flowering stage and maintaining the density difference status in the areas that have not entered the flowering stage, the time interval between the entry of plants into the reproductive stage in different areas is formed, thereby dispersing the reproductive transformation process of the population and stabilizing the flowering rhythm in the field.

[0016] Preferably, the process of guiding multiflora bean plants into the reproductive stage in batches includes the following steps: Record the changes in flowering ratio caused by the adjustment of intercropping density distribution rhythm, and combine the temperature rise trigger threshold to express the corresponding segment for regional inspection. Maintain the current plant distribution status in the area where flower buds elongate and form flowers, while maintaining the plant distribution density difference in the other areas to form a vegetative growth area. By combining the results of regional inspections with the temperature rise trigger threshold, the changes in the flowering ratio of the corresponding sections were continuously recorded. Under the condition of maintaining the intercropping density distribution rhythm, the spatial distribution of areas showing signs of flower bud differentiation was maintained and the plants were guided to gradually enter the flowering stage, while the remaining areas were kept in a vegetative growth state. The flowering ratio changes in each region were continuously recorded. The plant distribution in the flowering stage was maintained, and the density difference in the non-flowering stage was maintained. The flowering time of the population was dispersed by the gradual entry of plants into the reproductive stage in different regions.

[0017] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows: This invention establishes a temperature rise trigger threshold expression by continuously collecting daily average temperature change data in the field and combining it with changes in the flowering ratio of multi-flowered beans. Based on this, a temperature reference is constructed to identify the risk of premature flowering, and buffer accumulated temperature zones are divided accordingly. By regulating irrigation time and fertilization rhythm when the accumulated temperature approaches the corresponding interval of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, the intensity of water supply and the rhythm of nutrient release are kept in a stable transition state, thereby delaying the process of flower bud transformation to the reproductive stage. This allows the multi-flowered bean population to maintain a stable growth rhythm during abnormal warming periods in spring, reducing the disturbance to the growth process caused by short-term temperature fluctuations.

[0018] This invention implements time-segmented soil covering and heat preservation treatment within the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold, thereby increasing the nighttime surface heat retention level. Simultaneously, it adjusts the intercropping density distribution rhythm based on the surface temperature rise after soil covering and heat preservation, and guides the plants to enter the reproductive stage in batches according to changes in the flowering ratio, resulting in a continuous distribution of flowering time for multi-flowered beans. By staggering flowering times, the impact of low temperature drops on flower tissues is dispersed across different time stages, thus maintaining the continuous advancement of pod-setting rhythm in the field and stabilizing the yield structure of the population. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to the present invention.

[0021] Implementation methods Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0022] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 The method for high-yield intercropping of common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas, as shown, includes the following steps: Step 1: During the intercropping of common bean and rosary in high-altitude cold mountainous areas, the daily average temperature change data in the field was continuously collected, and the flowering ratio of common bean was recorded simultaneously. The temperature rise trigger threshold expression was established based on the daily average temperature jump before and after the abnormal temperature rise, and the temperature rise trigger threshold expression was used as the temperature reference for the risk of premature flowering of common bean. The temperature-triggered threshold was used as a temperature reference for the risk of premature flowering in common bean. The specific steps are as follows: After the common bean seedlings emerged and entered the early stage of vegetative growth, continuous recording of daily average temperature changes was carried out in the field. The recording period covered the period from the early spring when the soil temperature rose until the common bean entered the stable flowering stage. During the recording process, the field temperature was read at fixed times every day, and the average temperature of each time period throughout the day was used to form the daily average temperature change data. At the same time, the flowering ratio of the common bean population in the same field was counted. The counting method was to inspect the plants row by row, mark the number of plants with open flowers, and compare them with the total number of plants in the same observation area to form the daily common bean flowering ratio data. The daily average temperature change data and the common bean flowering ratio data formed over several consecutive days were arranged in chronological order to ensure that the temperature change trajectory and the flowering ratio change trajectory are consistent in the time dimension. Through continuous observation, the corresponding state between the slow temperature fluctuation stage and the stable flowering ratio stage can be clearly identified, thus forming the normal temperature change range and the corresponding flowering ratio change range before the occurrence of abnormal temperature rise.

[0023] After establishing a correspondence between the aforementioned continuous daily average temperature change data and the flowering proportion data of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*, the short-term continuous temperature rise process during spring was extracted separately. The daily average temperature change data of several consecutive days before the abnormal temperature rise was compared with the daily average temperature change data during the abnormal temperature rise to determine the starting point of the abnormal temperature rise. The average daily temperature level of several consecutive days before the abnormal temperature rise was recorded, and the daily average temperature increase of several consecutive days during the abnormal temperature rise was recorded. This increase was compared with the increase in the flowering proportion of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* in the corresponding time period on a daily basis. When the temperature jumps in a short period of time, it was observed whether the flowering proportion showed a concentrated increase in the same time period. By sorting out the correspondence between the temperature jump and the increase in the flowering proportion in multiple abnormal temperature rise processes, flowering proportion change intervals corresponding to different temperature jump intervals were formed. The temperature jump interval where the flowering proportion enters the concentrated flowering interval in a short period of time is used as the core content of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, so that the temperature rise trigger threshold expression can specifically reflect the correspondence between the temperature jump and the change in the flowering proportion during the abnormal temperature rise process.

[0024] After the warming trigger threshold expression is formed, it is refined by combining it with the continuous accumulated temperature change in spring. The continuous accumulated temperature process before the abnormal warming is superimposed with the temperature jump range during the abnormal warming period. The correspondence between the flowering proportion of multi-flowered beans entering a concentrated increase stage is determined when the spring accumulated temperature reaches a certain range and the daily average temperature jump enters the warming trigger threshold expression range. In this process, the flowering proportion change range corresponding to the temperature jump under different accumulated temperature stages is recorded in layers, so that the warming trigger threshold expression includes both the accumulated temperature state before the abnormal warming and the temperature jump range during the abnormal warming period. The accumulated temperature state and the temperature jump range are used together as the temperature reference for judging the risk of premature flowering. This temperature reference reflects both the rate of temperature change and the overall heat accumulation process in spring, thus forming a complete premature flowering risk identification range.

[0025] After the temperature rise trigger threshold expression is determined and a temperature reference is established, this temperature reference is continuously applied to the daily temperature recording process of subsequent intercropping cycles. After recording the daily average temperature change data, the current daily average temperature change data is compared with the established temperature rise trigger threshold expression. At the same time, the interval of the flowering proportion of common bean on that day is analyzed synchronously. When the daily average temperature change data enters the interval corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold expression and the flowering proportion of common bean is in the transition interval from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the current temperature state is judged as a risk segment for premature flowering. This risk segment is used as the temperature reference for subsequent cultivation regulation and is continuously tracked, so that the change in the flowering proportion of common bean always unfolds within a controllable time interval. This provides a unified and continuous temperature reference for subsequent adjustments to irrigation time, compression of fertilization rhythm, soil covering and heat preservation treatment, and regulation of intercropping density distribution rhythm based on the temperature rise trigger threshold expression.

[0026] Step 2: Divide the accumulated temperature zone according to the temperature reference. When the accumulated temperature in the field approaches the corresponding range of the temperature rise trigger threshold, adjust the irrigation time and compress the fertilization rhythm. By synergistically regulating the intensity of water supply and the rhythm of nutrient release, the process of flower bud transformation into the reproductive stage is inhibited. When the accumulated temperature in the field approaches the temperature rise trigger threshold corresponding to the expression range, adjust the irrigation time and compress the fertilization rhythm. The specific steps are as follows: By continuously recording daily average temperature changes in the field and understanding the range corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the accumulated temperature process from seedling emergence to flowering in spring was organized daily. The current accumulated temperature level was compared with the range corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold. When the accumulated temperature gradually approaches the lower limit of the range corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, this stage was designated as a buffer accumulated temperature zone. Within this buffer accumulated temperature zone, the original fixed-cycle irrigation schedule was adjusted. The irrigation time, which was originally after sunrise, was changed to the period around sunset when the temperature is relatively stable. The continuous one-time water supply method was changed to a segmented short-time water supply method, with uniform intervals between each water supply, so that the water slowly seeps into the rhizosphere and avoids the simultaneous superposition of water and heat during the daytime temperature rise. Meanwhile, within this buffer zone of accumulated temperature, the original concentrated nutrient application schedule is compressed, and the nutrient supplementation planned to be completed within a single day is dispersed into small-scale supplementation over several consecutive days. This keeps the nutrient release rhythm consistent with the daily accumulated temperature change rhythm, ensuring that the nutrient supply is at a level that sustains vegetative growth without forming a concentrated release. Thus, before the field accumulated temperature approaches the corresponding range of the temperature rise trigger threshold, by adjusting the irrigation time and compressing the fertilization rhythm, a growth environment with coordinated and moderate water supply intensity and nutrient release rhythm is established.

[0027] During the continuous operation of the buffer accumulated temperature zone, when the average daily temperature continues to rise for several consecutive days and the accumulated temperature enters the edge stage corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the irrigation time is further fixed in the evening when the temperature drops, and the amount of water supplied at one time is reduced, so that the water gradually infiltrates at night and completes the diffusion process before the next morning, avoiding the situation where water and heat increase simultaneously when the temperature rises during the day. At the same time, in terms of fertilization, the frequency of nutrient supplementation is adjusted to a method with shorter intervals and smaller amounts per application, so that the nutrient release rhythm is consistent with the accumulated temperature state in the buffer accumulated temperature zone. This ensures that when the accumulated temperature approaches the temperature rise trigger threshold, the nutrient supply in the field is maintained within the range that supports the growth of vegetative organs without promoting reproductive transformation. By synchronously controlling the intensity of water supply and the rhythm of nutrient release, the nutrient accumulation process in the multi-flowered bean is continued in the vegetative growth stage, thereby slowing down the process of flower bud transformation into the reproductive stage.

[0028] When the accumulated temperature in the field enters the range corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the adjusted irrigation schedule will continue to be used, and the frequency of water supply will be specifically arranged according to the daily average temperature change data. When the average daily temperature continues to rise for two consecutive days, the water supply interval will be extended and the amount of water supplied at one time will be reduced. When the average daily temperature remains stable, a uniform water supply rhythm will be maintained, so that the intensity of water supply is always adjusted around the fluctuation of the range corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold. In terms of fertilization rhythm, nutrient supplementation will be controlled at the minimum level required to maintain leaf and stem growth, and no concentrated topdressing will be arranged, so that the nutrient release rhythm is lower than the state of inducing rapid flower bud differentiation. By continuously delaying irrigation time, dispersing and controlling water supply, and compressing fertilization rhythm within the buffer accumulated temperature zone, the intensity of water supply and the rhythm of nutrient release are synergistically regulated. As the accumulated temperature approaches and enters the range corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the process of flower bud transformation into the reproductive stage is continuously suppressed, keeping the multiflora bean population in a state of continuous vegetative growth. This creates stable growth conditions for subsequent soil covering and heat preservation treatment and intercropping density distribution rhythm adjustment around the temperature rise trigger threshold expression.

[0029] Step 3: Based on the accumulated temperature change curve after irrigation time adjustment, implement time-segmented soil covering and heat preservation treatment in the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, and improve the nighttime surface heat retention level in the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression to alleviate the low temperature impact on flower bud tissue after the abnormal temperature rise ends. Within the section corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, time-phased soil covering and insulation treatment is implemented. The specific steps are as follows: During the continuous recording of the accumulated temperature change curve adjusted for irrigation time, when the daily average temperature change data for several consecutive days enters the segment corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the time period with the most sufficient surface heat accumulation is determined based on the daytime temperature change trajectory, and soil covering and heat preservation treatment is carried out before the end of this time period. Specifically, the exposed ground surface between the intercropping rows of *Rosa multiflora* and *Rosa banksiae* is covered section by section, with the topsoil evenly spread to the area between the plant rows to form a continuous covering. During the covering process, the thickness of the covering layer is kept consistent, ensuring that the covered surface remains uniform and dense while still allowing for ventilation. This allows the covering operation to be completed when the daytime temperature is rising, ensuring that the heat absorbed by the surface that day is stably retained by the covering layer. After covering is completed, the surface temperature changes at night and the following morning are continuously recorded, establishing a continuous correspondence between the soil covering and heat preservation treatment implemented that day and the accumulated temperature change curve adjusted for irrigation time. This creates a surface heat storage environment within the segment corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, creating conditions for the nighttime heat retention process.

[0030] After completing daytime soil covering and insulation and entering the nighttime temperature drop phase, the temperature change rhythm within the corresponding section is expressed around the temperature rise trigger threshold, continuously enhancing the surface heat retention level. Specifically, after sunset, the covered surface area is lightly compacted. This is achieved by manually tamping the surface layer along the rows, creating a continuous contact surface within the layer to reduce heat loss due to nighttime airflow. Simultaneously, small gaps remain within the layer, allowing heat accumulated during the day to gradually release into the surrounding environment at night. During the nighttime temperature drop, the surface layer is inspected. If areas are found to be loosened due to wind or row activity, these areas are promptly covered and re-compacted to maintain continuous coverage across the entire row area. By maintaining the integrity of the cover layer throughout the night, the heat stored during the day is slowly released into the surrounding environment, ensuring a gradual temperature change rhythm in the area where the bean buds are located, thereby improving the nighttime surface heat retention level.

[0031] By maintaining timed soil covering and heat preservation treatments and increasing nighttime surface heat retention levels over multiple consecutive day-night cycles, daily surface temperature changes were continuously compared with accumulated temperature curves adjusted for irrigation time. This ensured that the soil covering and heat preservation treatment consistently revolved around the temperature rise trigger threshold. When the daily average temperature remained within the temperature rise trigger threshold range, inter-row surface covering was repeated before the end of each day, and the covering layer was compacted and maintained at night. This allowed the heat stored during the day to be gradually released into the surrounding environment of the plants at night, thus creating a stable surface heat buffer environment when the temperature began to drop after the abnormal temperature rise ended. As the daily average temperature gradually moved away from the temperature rise trigger threshold range and entered the temperature decline phase, additional covering operations were reduced, but the existing covering layer was maintained at night to keep the surface heat release rhythm slowly changing and ensure a continuous transition in the temperature decrease process in the area where the flower buds are located. By implementing time-segmented soil covering and heat preservation treatment around the accumulated temperature change curve adjusted by irrigation time, and combining the specific operation of continuously improving the nighttime surface heat retention level in the corresponding section with the expression of the temperature rise trigger threshold, a stable temperature buffer zone is formed during the temperature drop after the abnormal temperature rise ends, thereby mitigating the impact of low temperature changes on the flower bud tissue of bean and maintaining the continuity of the flower bud development process and pod formation rhythm.

[0032] Step 4: Based on the rise in surface temperature after soil covering and heat preservation treatment and the corresponding temperature rise trigger threshold, adjust the intercropping density distribution rhythm of common bean and rosary chinensis, control the proportion of concentrated flowering per unit area, and reduce the proportion of the population that completes reproductive transformation in the same time period. Adjusting the intercropping density and distribution rhythm of common bean and costus root, and controlling the proportion of concentrated flowering per unit area, the specific steps are as follows: Under the condition of continuously completing the soil covering and heat preservation treatment and maintaining the state of surface heat retention at night, the surface temperature between rows was continuously recorded every morning, noon and before sunset. The recorded surface temperature changes were organized in chronological order so that the rise in surface temperature after soil covering and heat preservation treatment could be clearly reflected in the daily temperature change trajectory. When the daily average temperature changes to the corresponding segment of the temperature rise trigger threshold, the entire intercropping field is divided into zones for observation. The intercropping area of ​​common bean and rosary is divided into multiple continuous areas according to the changes in the rise in surface temperature. In areas where the rise in surface temperature remains stable, the original plant distribution is maintained. In areas where the rise in surface temperature fluctuates continuously, the distribution of common bean plants is adjusted. Specifically, the growing space between adjacent plants is gradually increased along the common bean planting rows. Overly dense plants are manually moved to both sides evenly, so that the originally concentrated plants gradually form a uniformly spaced arrangement. At the same time, the original distribution position of the rosary plants is kept unchanged. Thus, in the same field, a pattern of intercropping density distribution of common bean plants gradually transitions from relatively dense to relatively sparse, so that the population forms multiple density segments in space.

[0033] After completing the above-mentioned intercropping density distribution adjustment and entering the sustained stage of the segment corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, the daily recorded surface temperature rise was compared with the segment corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold expression. When the air temperature approached the middle of the segment corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, each area with density differences was inspected segment by segment, and the intercropping density distribution rhythm was further adjusted according to the changes in plant growth rhythm in different areas. In areas where the distribution of *Lysimachia foetida* plants was relatively dense, the growing space between plants was increased again to maintain a uniform interval between plants, thereby extending the time for plants in that area to maintain vegetative growth. In areas where the distribution of *Lysimachia foetida* plants was relatively sparse, the current plant arrangement was maintained without further adjustments, allowing the plants in that area to gradually enter the flowering stage according to the current temperature conditions. By implementing different density maintenance methods in different areas, *Lysimachia foetida* plants in the same field entered the flowering stage in sequence, dispersing the flowering time within a unit area across multiple consecutive time stages, thereby controlling the proportion of concentrated flowering within a unit area.

[0034] Under the condition that the temperature rise trigger threshold expression corresponding segment persists and is accompanied by diurnal temperature fluctuations, the established intercropping density distribution rhythm is continuously maintained, and the flowering process of plants in each area is continuously observed in conjunction with the changes in the surface temperature rise after soil covering and heat preservation treatment. When the multi-flowered bean plants in a certain area begin to enter the flowering stage, the current intercropping density distribution in that area is maintained, allowing the plants in that area to complete the flowering process under stable spatial conditions; while in areas that have not yet entered the flowering stage, the aforementioned density differences are maintained, allowing the plants in these areas to gradually enter the reproductive growth stage during subsequent temperature changes. As the plants in each area successively enter the flowering stage, the flowering process of the multi-flowered bean population in the field is dispersed into multiple consecutive stages, thereby reducing the proportion of the population completing reproductive transformation within the same time period. By combining the above-mentioned surface temperature rise after soil covering and heat preservation treatment with the corresponding temperature rise trigger threshold to express the corresponding sections, the density distribution rhythm of intercropping of common bean and rosary was gradually adjusted, so that the proportion of concentrated flowering within a unit area was controlled. At the same time, when the abnormal temperature rise ended and the temperature dropped, the plants in different areas were in different reproductive stages, thereby reducing the impact of low temperature changes on the overall flowering process of the population and providing continuous growth conditions for the subsequent stable pod-setting rhythm.

[0035] Step 5: Based on the changes in flowering ratio after the adjustment of intercropping density distribution rhythm and the corresponding segments of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, guide multiflora bean plants into the reproductive stage in batches. By staggering the flowering time, disperse the impact of low temperature drop on flower tissue, stabilize the pod-setting rhythm in the field, and maintain the yield structure of the population. The specific steps for guiding multiflora bean plants into the reproductive stage in batches are as follows: After adjusting the intercropping density distribution rhythm, the flowering ratio changes of multi-flowered bean plants in various areas of the field were continuously recorded. The same field was divided into several continuous areas according to the previously established density differences. The plants in each area were inspected every morning, afternoon, and before sunset, and the number of plants with open flowers was counted row by row. This count was then compared with the total number of plants in that area, ensuring a continuous record of the flowering ratio changes for each area. At the same time, the daily average temperature change data was compared with the corresponding segment of the temperature rise trigger threshold. When the temperature entered the early part of the segment corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the current intercropping density distribution was maintained in areas where flower buds had already elongated and were gradually forming flowers, without any new adjustments. This allowed the plants in these areas to gradually enter the reproductive stage and begin to flower according to the existing growth rhythm. In areas where the flowering ratio remained in the initial range, the previously established plant distribution density differences were maintained, keeping the plants in these areas in a vegetative growth state. In this way, a population state is formed in the same field where the first areas to enter the reproductive stage and the areas that are still in the vegetative growth stage coexist, so that the time when the multiflora bean plants enter the reproductive stage is naturally distributed to different stages.

[0036] After the first batch of plants in the designated areas enters the reproductive stage and gradually reaches a stable flowering state, the changes in the flowering ratio in these areas are continuously recorded daily. These changes are then continuously compared with the corresponding segments of the temperature rise trigger threshold. When the temperature continues to fluctuate within these segments, areas that have not yet entered the flowering stage are gradually guided into the reproductive stage. Specifically, while maintaining the previous intercropping density distribution rhythm, the second batch of areas is continuously observed. When the growth points of plants in these areas begin to show signs of flower bud differentiation, their current spatial distribution is maintained without any new spacing adjustments, allowing the plants in these areas to gradually enter the flowering stage during subsequent temperature changes. Simultaneously, some areas maintain their original density distribution, allowing the plants in these areas to continue in a vegetative growth state. Through this continuous guidance method, the second batch of plants enters the reproductive stage after the first batch, while areas still in the vegetative growth stage continue their original growth rhythm, thus creating a continuous transitional state within the same field where multi-flowered bean plants enter the reproductive stage in batches.

[0037] After the plants in the first and second batches of regions entered the flowering stage, the changes in the flowering ratio in each region were recorded daily. Combined with the temperature changes in the corresponding segments of the temperature rise trigger threshold, areas that had not yet entered the flowering stage were continuously observed. When the temperature began to approach the latter part of the segment corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the plants in the last batch of regions were gradually introduced into the reproductive stage and began to flower. This created a time sequence in the entire field of multi-flowered bean population, with the first, second, and last batches sequentially entering the reproductive stage. When the abnormal temperature rise ended and temperatures dropped, because the plants in different regions were at different reproductive stages—some in the initial flower bud formation stage, some in the flower opening stage, and some in the post-flowering pod-setting stage—the impact of the temperature drop on flower tissue was dispersed across multiple time stages, avoiding the simultaneous impact of low temperatures on a large number of flowers. As the plants in each region completed the flowering process and entered the pod-setting stage in sequence, the pod-setting process in the field progressed continuously over time, maintaining a stable pod-setting rhythm and a balanced distribution of the population's yield structure throughout the entire growth cycle. By analyzing the changes in flowering ratios after adjusting the intercropping density distribution rhythm and the corresponding segments of the temperature rise trigger threshold, the multiflora bean plants were guided to enter the reproductive stage in batches. The impact of low temperature drop on the flower tissues was dispersed by staggered flowering, so that the pod-setting rhythm in the field continued to advance continuously, while maintaining the stability of the population yield structure throughout the entire growth cycle.

[0038] Beneficial effect 1: This invention establishes a temperature rise trigger threshold expression by continuously collecting daily average temperature change data in the field and combining it with changes in the flowering ratio of multi-flowered beans. Based on this, a temperature reference is constructed to identify the risk of premature flowering, and buffer accumulated temperature zones are divided accordingly. By regulating irrigation time and fertilization rhythm when the accumulated temperature approaches the corresponding interval of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, the intensity of water supply and the rhythm of nutrient release are kept in a stable transition state, thereby delaying the process of flower bud transformation to the reproductive stage. This allows the multi-flowered bean population to maintain a stable growth rhythm during abnormal warming periods in spring, reducing the disturbance to the growth process caused by short-term temperature fluctuations.

[0039] Benefit 2: This invention implements time-segmented soil covering and heat preservation treatment within the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold, thereby increasing the nighttime surface heat retention level. Simultaneously, it adjusts the intercropping density distribution rhythm based on the surface temperature rise after soil covering and heat preservation, and guides the plants to enter the reproductive stage in batches according to changes in the flowering ratio, resulting in a continuous distribution of flowering time for multi-flowered beans. By staggering flowering times, the impact of low temperature drops on flower tissues is dispersed across different time stages, thus maintaining the continuous advancement of pod-setting rhythm in the field and stabilizing the yield structure of the population.

[0040] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean with costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Continuously collect daily average temperature change data in the field and simultaneously record the flowering ratio of multi-flowered bean. Establish a temperature rise trigger threshold expression based on the daily average temperature jump before and after the abnormal temperature rise, and use the temperature rise trigger threshold expression as the temperature reference for the risk of premature flowering of multi-flowered bean. Step 2: Divide the accumulated temperature zone into buffer zones based on temperature reference. When the accumulated temperature in the field approaches the corresponding zone of the temperature rise trigger threshold, adjust the irrigation time and reduce the fertilization rhythm. Step 3: Based on the accumulated temperature change curve after irrigation time adjustment, implement time-segmented soil covering and heat preservation treatment in the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, and improve the nighttime surface heat retention level in the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression. Step 4: Based on the rise in surface temperature after soil covering and heat preservation treatment and the corresponding temperature rise trigger threshold, adjust the intercropping density distribution rhythm of common bean and rosary to control the proportion of concentrated flowering per unit area. Step 5: Based on the changes in flowering ratio after the adjustment of intercropping density distribution rhythm and the corresponding segments of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, guide the multiflora bean plants into the reproductive stage in batches, and disperse the impact of low temperature drop on flower tissues by staggering flowering.

2. The high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Using the temperature-triggered threshold as a temperature reference for the risk of premature flowering in common bean includes the following steps: Continuous recording of daily average temperature changes in the field was carried out, and the flowering ratio of multi-flowered green beans was simultaneously counted. The daily average temperature change data and the flowering ratio of multi-flowered green beans were arranged in chronological order to form a correspondence between the temperature change trajectory and the flowering ratio change trajectory. Extract the phase of continuous temperature rise, determine the starting point of abnormal temperature rise based on the correspondence between temperature change trajectory and flowering ratio change trajectory, record the average daily temperature level before abnormal temperature rise and the daily average temperature jump during abnormal temperature rise, and form a correspondence between temperature jump and flowering ratio change interval. Based on the correspondence between the temperature rise and the flowering ratio, and superimposed with the spring accumulated temperature, a temperature rise trigger threshold expression is formed, which includes the accumulated temperature range and the temperature rise range. By comparing the daily average temperature change data with the temperature rise trigger threshold expression and combining it with the change in the flowering ratio of common bean, the risk zone of early flowering was determined, and the risk zone of early flowering was used as the temperature reference for cultivation regulation.

3. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the process of determining the risk zone for early flowering, the daily average temperature change data is matched with the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, and the change status of the flowering ratio of multi-flowered beans is recorded simultaneously. When the daily average temperature change data enters the corresponding zone of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression and the flowering ratio of multi-flowered beans enters the transition state from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the corresponding time period is determined as the risk zone for early flowering.

4. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the accumulated temperature in the field approaches the temperature rise trigger threshold corresponding to the range, adjusting the irrigation time and compressing the fertilization rhythm includes the following steps: Record the accumulated temperature process from seedling emergence to flowering in spring, compare the accumulated temperature process with the corresponding interval of the temperature rise trigger threshold expression, determine the buffer accumulated temperature section, and adjust the irrigation time from sunrise to sunset within the buffer accumulated temperature section. At the same time, adjust the continuous water supply method to the segmented water supply method, and disperse the daily nutrient supplementation to continuous multi-day supplementation. During the operation phase of the buffer accumulated temperature zone, based on the daily average temperature change data, the irrigation time is fixed in the evening and the amount of water supplied at one time is reduced. At the same time, the nutrient supplementation frequency is adjusted to short interval small dose supplementation. During the stage when the accumulated temperature enters the range corresponding to the temperature rise trigger threshold, the frequency of water supply is adjusted in combination with the daily average temperature change data. The water supply intensity is maintained by extending the water supply interval and controlling the water supply volume, while the nutrient supplementation is maintained at the level of vegetative growth to inhibit the transformation of flower buds into the reproductive stage.

5. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, Within the buffer zone, irrigation is maintained in the evening and a segmented water supply method is adopted. Nutrient supplementation is also distributed to the continuous growth stage, so that the intensity of water supply and the rhythm of nutrient release are kept in sync.

6. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, Implementing time-segmented soil covering and insulation treatment within the corresponding section of the temperature rise trigger threshold includes the following steps: Record the accumulated temperature change curve formed by adjusting the irrigation time, and combine it with the daily average temperature change data to determine the temperature rise stage. At the end of the temperature rise stage, cover the bare ground between the intercropping rows of multiflora bean and rosary chinensis in sections, and spread the topsoil to the area between the plant rows to form a continuous cover. When a continuous cover is formed and the nighttime temperature drops, the surface of the cover layer is compacted and the integrity of the cover layer is inspected. The nighttime surface heat retention level is maintained by replenishing the cover and keeping the cover layer continuously distributed. The surface temperature changes were continuously recorded by combining the nighttime surface heat retention level, and the inter-row cover operation was maintained in accordance with the accumulated temperature change curve. When the temperature entered the falling stage, the cover layer maintenance operation was maintained to keep the surface heat release process continuously changing.

7. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, While maintaining continuous inter-row cover, the surface of the cover layer is compacted regularly, and topsoil is added when loose areas appear in the cover layer to maintain continuous distribution of the cover layer. At the same time, the changes in surface temperature are continuously recorded and compared with the accumulated temperature change curve.

8. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, Adjusting the density distribution rhythm of intercropping bean pea and costus root includes the following steps: Record the rise in surface temperature caused by soil covering and heat preservation treatment and organize the trajectory of surface temperature change. Combine the temperature rise trigger threshold to express the corresponding section and conduct zonal observation of intercropped fields. By spreading the growth space of adjacent plants along the planting row of multiflora bean, a density distribution pattern that transitions from dense arrangement to sparse arrangement is formed. By combining the density distribution pattern with the temperature rise trigger threshold to express the corresponding segment, each area is inspected segment by segment. In densely distributed areas, the growth space of adjacent plants is further increased to form a uniform interval. In sparsely distributed areas, the plant arrangement is maintained to maintain the difference in flowering rhythm. By continuously observing the density distribution pattern in conjunction with changes in the rate of increase in surface temperature, the plant distribution status was maintained in areas that entered the flowering stage, while the density difference was maintained in areas that did not enter the flowering stage. The reproductive transformation time of the population was dispersed by the gradual entry of plants into the reproductive stage in different areas.

9. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the continuous observation of density distribution patterns, by maintaining the plant distribution status in the flowering stage area and the density difference status in the non-flowering stage area, the time interval between the entry of plants into the reproductive stage in different areas is formed.

10. A high-yield cultivation method for intercropping common bean and costus root in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of guiding multiflora bean plants into the reproductive stage in batches includes the following steps: Record the changes in flowering ratio caused by the adjustment of intercropping density distribution rhythm, and combine the temperature rise trigger threshold to express the corresponding segment for regional inspection. Maintain the current plant distribution status in the area where flower buds elongate and form flowers, while maintaining the plant distribution density difference in the other areas to form a vegetative growth area. By combining the results of regional inspections with the temperature rise trigger threshold, the changes in the flowering ratio of the corresponding sections were continuously recorded. Under the condition of maintaining the intercropping density distribution rhythm, the spatial distribution of areas showing signs of flower bud differentiation was maintained and the plants were guided to gradually enter the flowering stage, while the remaining areas were kept in a vegetative growth state. The flowering ratio changes in each region were continuously recorded. The plant distribution in the flowering stage was maintained, and the density difference in the non-flowering stage was maintained. The flowering time of the population was dispersed by the gradual entry of plants into the reproductive stage in different regions.

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